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We present an approach for personalizing nonpharmacological interventions for people with dementia (PwD) using ontologies. We conducted two case studies to derive an ontological model to personalize the planning and execution of interventions to address problematic behaviors. The paper describes how the ontology was derived, and illustrates how it is used to tailor an ambient-assisted intervention system (AAIS) at two stages: first, to decide on the services that the AAIS will offer the PwD, and then to adapt these services at runtime using contextual information. The results of a deployment of an AAIS during 2 months in the home of a PwD, indicate that the AAIS successfully addressed some of the problematic behaviors exhibited by the PwD, helping to reduce the burden of the caregiver.

Various gratings with 700 nm feature spacings are patterned on the reverse side of organic solar cell active layers to increase the path length and constrain light to the cell through total internal reflection. The absorption enhancement is studied for 15, 40, and 120 nm active layers. We were able to confine 9% of the incident light over the wavelength range of 400-650 nm, with thinner gratings having a greater enhancement potential. The measurement setup utilizing an integrating sphere to fully characterize scattered or diffracted light is also fully described.

The Nursing Informatics International Research Network (NIIRN) is a group of experts who are collaborating on the development of internationally relevant research programs for nursing informatics. In this paper we outline key findings of a survey exploring international research priorities for nursing informatics. The survey was available online during May-August 2012. Respondents were asked to rate each of 20 listed research topics in terms of respondent's views of its priority for nursing informatics research. 468 completed surveys were received representing respondents from six World Health Organization regions. The two most highly ranked areas of importance for research were development of systems to provide real time feedback to nurses and assessment of the impact of HIT on nursing care and patient outcomes. The lowest ranked research topics were theory development and integrating genomic data into clinical information systems. The identification of these priorities provides a basis for future international collaborative research in the field of nursing informatics.

Informal communication is an essential resource in hospital work; it is used as a means to collaborate and coordinate the way in which work is performed, as well as to locate and gather the artifacts and human resources required for patient care. The need of physical proximity to establish and hold informal communications has motivated the development of tools that support remote informal interaction. However, this kind of technology has not been widely adopted in hospitals, where workers experience intense mobility. In this paper, we present the results of an observational study in a hospital aimed at understanding how local mobility changes the rules in the provision of support for informal communication, and how technology could improve this form of communication. We found that local mobility fosters opportunities for colocated communication; however, it faces some inconveniences related to the affordances of the physical environment. We address these issues through the design of SOLAR, a collaborative application that supports colocated interactions in hospital work through the implementation and integration of five services that form a ubicomp infrastructure. Additionally, we present a discussion about the perception of users related to the usefulness of this tool.

Throughout history a diversity of therapeutic properties have been attributed to the leech Hirudo medicinalis, however, during the past twenty years its use has proven to be a practical and effective method for the relief of venous engorgement in reconstructive surgery. In Mexico this practice has been limited due to the lack of supply and to the time-consuming process of importation. Based on this need, the animal facilities of the Occidental Biomedical Research Center-IMSS in Guadalajara, Jalisco, has initiated a breeding and reproduction program of this species with the aim at improving its availability as a therapeutic device. The salivary gland of Hirudo medicinalis contains one of the most potent natural anticoagulants, known as hirudin, a histamine-like vasodilator, platelet aggregation inhibitors and highly specific proteases, all of which favor venous flow and turn this species into the most useful in the clinical setting. Nevertheless, it is important to know the potential risks of leech therapy since it has been associated with considerable morbidity when adequate precautions are not taken. This review exposes relevant aspects of the medicinal leech, the indications, mechanism of action and the protocol for this therapy.

Handheld computers are increasingly being used by hospital workers. With the integration of wireless networks into hospital information systems, handheld computers can provide the basis for a pervasive computing hospital environment; to develop this designers need empirical information to understand how hospital workers interact with information while moving around. To characterise the medical phenomena we report the results of a workplace study conducted in a hospital. We found that individuals spend about half of their time at their base location, where most of their interactions occur. On average, our informants spent 23% of their time performing information management tasks, followed by coordination (17.08%), clinical case assessment (15.35%) and direct patient care (12.6%). We discuss how our results offer insights for the design of pervasive computing technology, and directions for further research and development in this field such as transferring information between heterogeneous devices and integration of the physical and digital domains.