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Objective: To evaluate the effect of leptin and other selected variables on gestational weight gain (GWG) according to pre-gestational body mass index (BMI).Design: Prospective cohort.Setting: Public Health Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Sample: Two hundred and twenty-eight pregnant women.Methods: Women were followed at the 5-13, 20-26 and 30-36th gestational weeks. The effects of independent variables on GWG in normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) ), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2) ) and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m(2) ) women were assessed using longitudinal linear mixed-effects models.Main Outcome Measure: Maternal body weight (kg) throughout pregnancy.Results: Leptin concentrations were associated with GWG in normal weight (β = 0.048, P < 0.001) and overweight (β = 0.023, P = 0.048) women, but not in obese ones (β = 0.011, P = 0.308). Additionally, the number of hours slept per night decreased the effect of leptin on GWG in OW women (β = -0.013, P = 0.002). The effect of other maternal characteristics on GWG was different depending on the BMI category.Conclusions: Leptin concentrations were positively associated with GWG in normal weight and overweight women, but not in obese ones. Maternal height was associated with GWG in all BMI categories, but other variables such as sleep duration, QUICKI values, HDL-c, smoking habit and marital status presented differential effects according to BMI. We encourage further studies to investigate the association between leptin and gestational weight gain, taking into account the pre-pregnancy weight and sleep duration, in order to compare and confirm our results.Tweetable Abstract: Leptin is associated with weight gain in normal weight and overweight pregnant women, but not in obese ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Analysis of impedance spectrum of electroporated biological cell suspensions allows evaluating the state of permeabilization produced by the applied electric field. In this article we used a genetic algorithm to determine parameters of a proposed model for the impedance of suspension adjusting them numerically in order to minimize the error in relation to experimental spectra of Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 6556 yeasts suspended in distilled water. It was possible to determine the variation of conductivity of suspension avoiding the influence of electrode polarization and dielectric dispersion due to interfacial and diffusion polarization on the cell surface. It was observed that the conductivity in the range of 1 to 100 KHz increases 2.5 times with pulses of 400 KV/m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Motricidade is the property of Silabas Didaticas LDA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Motricidade is the property of Silabas Didaticas LDA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a disorder of expressive speech attributed to an impairment at the motor planning and programming phases of speech production. AOS is treated in different ways but the articulatory kinematic approach is usually followed. The intervention described in this study introduces a new approach toward treatment of AOS with aphasia through the use of implicit manipulation of phonemes via rhyming, deletion and alliteration tasks. Theoretical models propose that during lexical retrieval, associated areas responsible for motor planning and the preparation of the utterance are activated. In a similar way, our tasks require a phoneme manipulation that is hypothesised to activate motor planning. The repeated implicit practice of retrieving and internally monitoring sounds in various phonetic contexts may improve the efficiency of the transition between phonological plans and the initial phase of motor planning and the monitoring of that plan. Therefore, if AOS is due to a dysfunction of motor planning, an implicit intervention targeting this phase may improve speech production without the need for overt practice. Methods and Procedures: This single-subject multiple baseline intervention used implicit phoneme manipulation tasks in a subject with AOS and mild aphasia. The therapistdesigned computerised program required the subject to perform the implicit practice of rhyming, deletion, and alliteration of phonemes in three sound classes: /integral/, /dzeta/, and /integral/ clusters in various phonetic contexts. Stimuli were presented on computerised templates requiring the subject to select the target among 3 foils. No overt speech was required however probe word repetitions were necessary to monitor treatment effects. Outcomes and Results: The effect sizes for the trained words were: /integral/ probes d=54.46, /dzeta/ probes d=56.02, and /integral/ clusters d=52.54 which represents a small to medium effect for /integral/ and /dzeta/. T-MAC results of 59/87 (68%) at pre-testing improved to 75/87 (87%) at post-test (z=3.08, binomial p<.01, two-tailed) which suggest generalisation to nontreatment words. Patterns of change in three probe words over the course of treatment suggest an improvement in speech production. Distortions, disturbed prosody and phonological errors were resolved in these probes by the maintenance session as judged by 5 SLPs. Conclusions: We conclude that in this participant (1) implicit phoneme manipulation training improved overt speech production; (2) accuracy of trained words, specifically a reduction in sound distortions, phonological errors and improved prosody, were the result of this treatment; and (3) a significant generalisation to non-treatment words was the result of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to analyze the organic composition of saliva from children without dental caries and children with early childhood caries (ECC). Two groups of 20 children varying in age from 12 to 47 months were selected: Group I, caries-free children; Group II, children with early childhood caries (ECC). Samples of saliva were collected from each subject and submitted to immunological and biochemical assays. Measurements of total salivary IgA, IgG and IgM were performed by using nephelometric techniques, while total protein concentrations and amylase activity were determined by colorimetric techniques. Comparisons of values between groups were made by using U Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). Children with ECC presented significantly higher levels of total salivary IgA and IgG, while the mean values of amylase activity, total protein concentrations and total IgM were similar between the groups. In this study, the presence of ECC was associated with an increase in total salivary IgA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dahan da Cunha Nascimento,1,5,8 Ramires Alsamir Tibana,1,8 Franklin M Benik,2 Keila Elizabeth Fontana,3 Frederico Ribeiro Neto,8 Frederico Santos de Santana,5,8 Leopoldo Santos-Neto,4 Renato André Sousa Silva,1,5,6 Alessandro Oliveira Silva,1,7 Darlan Lopes Farias,1,7 Sandor Balsamo,4,5,8 Jonato Prestes1 1Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; 2Department of Kinesiology and Sports Studies Graduate Program, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA; 3Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; 4Graduate Program in Medical Sciences of the University of Brasilia, School of Medicine and Rheumatology Service, University Hospital of Brasilia (HUB), Brasilia, Brazil; 5Department of Physical Education, University Center Euro American University Center, Brasilia, Brazil; 6Center of Excellence in Medicine of Exercise (CEMEx), Brasilia, Brazil; 7Center University of Brasilia (UNICEUB), Brasilia, Brazil; 8Strength Training and Health Research Group (GEPEEFS), Brasilia, Brazil Introduction: Hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor with a high prevalence among older adults. Exercise is a nonpharmacological treatment shown to benefit all patients with hypertension. Objective: This study examined the effects of a 14-week moderate intensity resistance training program (RT) on the maintenance of blood pressure and hand grip strength during an extended detraining period in elderly hypertensive women. Methods: Twelve hypertensive sedentary elderly women completed 14 weeks of whole body RT at a moderate perceived exertion following a detraining period of 14 weeks. Results: Following the training period, participants demonstrated an increase in absolute hand grip strength (P=0.001), relative hand grip strength (P=0.032) and a decrease of systolic (P=0.001), diastolic (P=0.008), and mean blood pressure (P=0.002) when compared to pre-exercise values. In addition, these effects were sustained after 14 weeks of detraining. Conclusion: Resistance training may be a valuable method to improve muscular strength and blood pressure in elderly people with benefits being maintained up to 14 weeks following training cessation. Keywords: aging, resistance training, hypertension, detraining, elderly

Denis Cesar Leite Vieira,1 Ramires Alsamir Tibana,1 Vitor Tajra,1 Dahan da Cunha Nascimento,1 Darlan Lopes de Farias,1 Alessandro de Oliveira Silva,1 Tatiane Gomes Teixeira,1 Romulo Maia Carlos Fonseca,2 Ricardo Jacó de Oliveira,2 Felipe Augusto dos Santos Mendes,2 Wagner Rodrigues Martins,2 Silvana Schwerz Funghetto,2 Margo Gomes de Oliveira Karnikowski,2 James Wilfred Navalta,3 Jonato Prestes11Graduate Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; 2University of Brasilia, UnB, Brasilia, Brazil; 3Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USAPurpose: To compare the metabolic parameters, flexibility, muscle strength, functional capacity, and lower limb muscle power of elderly women with and without the metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods: This cross-sectional study included 28 older women divided into two groups: with the MetS (n = 14; 67.3 ± 5.5 years; 67.5 ± 16.7 kg; 1.45 ± 0.35 m; 28.0 ± 7.6 kg/m2), and without the MetS (n = 14; 68.7 ± 5.3 years; 58.2 ± 9.9 kg; 1.55 ± 0.10 m; 24.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and dynamic muscle strength was assessed by one-maximum repetition (1RM) tests in leg press, bench press and biceps curl exercises. Six-minute walk test, Timed Up and Go (TUG); 30-second sitting-rising; arm curl using a 2-kg dumbbell, sit-and-reach (flexibility), and vertical jump tests were performed.Results: There was no difference between groups regarding age (P = 0.49), height (P = 0.46), body fat (%) (P = 0.19), systolic (P = 0.64), diastolic (P = 0.41) and mean blood pressure (P = 0.86), 30-second sitting-rising (P = 0.57), 30-s arm curl (P = 0.73), leg press 1RM (P = 0.51), bench press 1RM (P = 0.77), and biceps curl 1RM (P = 0.85). However, women without the MetS presented lower body mass (P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0001), waist circumference (P = 0.02), waist-to-height ratio (P = 0.02), fat body mass (kg) (P = 0.05), lean body mass (kg) (P = 0.02), blood glucose (P = 0.05), triglycerides (P = 0.03), Z-score for the MetS (P = 0.05), higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.002), better performance on TUG (P = 0.01), flexibility (P = 0.03), six-minute walk test (P = 0.04), vertical jump (P = 0.05) and relative muscle strength for leg press (P = 0.03), bench press (P = 0.04) and biceps curl (P = 0.002) exercises as compared to women with the MetS.Conclusion: Elderly women with the MetS have higher metabolic risk profile and lower functional capacity, muscle strength, lower limb power and flexibility as compared to women without the MetS. The evaluation of functional capacity may help to determine the degree of physical decline in older persons with the MetS, while exercise interventions should be encouraged.Keywords: metabolic syndrome, functional capacity, muscle performance, aging

OBJETIVO: O estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos do autotransplante esplênico na proteção contra sepse abdominal em ratos Wistar jovens e adultos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 54 ratos Wistar jovens e adultos (90 e 180 dias respectivamente) sendo distribuídos em 3 grupos: Grupo Sham, onde os animais eram submetidos a laparotomia com manipulação de alças apenas (n=6 animais jovens adultos), Grupo Esplenectomia, no qual os animais eram submetidos a esplenectomia total (n=10 animais jovens e adultos) e Grupo Auto-implante, onde os animais eram submetidos a esplenectomia total e um terço do baço era implantado em uma bolsa no retroperitônio (n=10 animais jovens e adultos). Após três meses os animais eram submetidos a nova laparotomia com ligadura e perfuração do ceco para estimular a sepse abdominal e acompanhados até o momento do óbito para estabelecimento de uma curva de mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Houve recuperação do baço implantado em todos os animais. Não houve diferença significativa entre o tempo de óbito entre os grupos. Os animais jovens aparentemente tiveram uma melhor resposta embora não estatisticamente significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo demonstrou que o auto-implante de baço no retroperitônio não provê proteção efetiva contra sepse abdominal em comparação aos ratos esplenectomizados.

Con base en los resultados de una encuestade patrones de uso y manejo se evaluó el contenido delinsecticida permetrina mediante cromatografía de gasescon un detector μ-ECD en muestras de tomate provenientesde un ensayo bajo invernadero realizado en elCentro Agropecuario Marengo de la Universidad Nacionalde Colombia, ubicado en el municipio de Mosquera,Cundinamarca. Un 96% de las muestras presentaronresiduos de permetrina que superaron el límite máximode residuos (LMR). El análisis estadístico mostró que lafrecuencia de aplicación es el factor de uso que más influyeen la presencia de residuos, así como su interacciónsimple con el tiempo transcurrido entre la última aplicacióny la cosecha, además de la interacción de segundoorden entre los tres patrones de manejo más relevantes:la frecuencia de aplicación, el período de tiempo entre laúltima aplicación y la cosecha, y la dosis

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da castração pós-natal sobre o tecido pulmonar na sepse de origem abdominal induzida em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 33 ratos Wistar distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GC) = 5 machos adultos normais sem desafio séptico. Grupo Experimento (GE): 28 ratos submetidos a sepse por ligadura e perfuração de ceco (LPC) e distribuídos em três subgrupos: Subgrupo Macho (SgM): nove ratos machos adultos, sem castracão e submetidos a sepse por LPC. Subgrupo Fêmea (SgF): nove ratos fêmeas adultos normais submetidas a sepse por LPC. Subgrupo Castrado (SgC): dez ratos machos que no quarto dia de vida foram submetidos a orquiectomia bilateral e quando adultos à sepse por LPC. Após a LPC os animais foram observados até o óbito, realizada análise histomorfométrica do pulmão, observando-se o número de polimorfonucleares e mononucleares. RESULTADOS: 50% dos animais do SgC sobreviveram 24 horas, contra 33% do SgF e 0% do SgM, mostrando uma nítida influência da castração na resposta ao desafio séptico. O número de polimorfonucleares e mononucleares não foi diferente estatisticamente entre o SgC e CG, estando estatisticamente aumentados no SgM e SgF. CONCLUSÃO: Os animais castrados apresentaram uma maior tendência à sobrevida e menor alteração pulmonar.