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Let P be a set of n points in the proper inside of an axis-aligned rectangle R , and each point in P has a type, which is h-type, v-type, or f-type. Those are shortened forms of horizontal type, vertical type, and free type. We wish to dissect R into a set S of n + 1 rectangles by n horizontal or vertical line segments so that each point in P is on the common boundary line segment between two rectangles in S , and also each h-type point in P is on a horizontal line segment, each v-type point in P is on a vertical line segment, and each f-type point in P is on a horizontal or vertical line segment. Such a dissection of R is called a feasible floorplan of R with respect to P. Each point in P corresponds to the location of a structurally necessary horizontal or vertical wall, or a column (pillar) to support the upper part. In this paper, when P consists of points of the three described types, we present an efficient algorithm that enumerates all the feasible floorplans of R with respect to P. The algorithm is based on the reverse search method and enumerates all the feasible floorplans in O (n | S P |) time using O (n 2) space, after O (n log n) time preprocessing, where S P is the set of the feasible floorplans of R with respect to P. Moreover, we show that, after O (n log n) time preprocessing, one can enumerate all feasible floorplans in S P in O (n) delay using O (n 2) space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aging and aged countries, one of the main issues is to establish sufficient nursing homes for seniors. Japan, as one of the most rapidly aged countries, has been reforming nursing homes for the elderly since the 1990s and established a long‐term care insurance system. The purpose of this scoping review is to systematically map the evolution of researches for nursing homes in Japan since the 1990s, particularly with the post‐occupancy evaluation of the introduction of private rooms and small units. Forty‐three articles concerning privatization of rooms, shared spaces, and small unitization in nursing homes were extracted and analyzed. They were published between 1994 and 2021 in Journal of Architecture and Planning, AIJ Journal of Technology, JAABE, and JAR. The results revealed an evaluation of the privatized rooms mainly from the perspectives of residents' lives and care staffing, the effects and issues of the shared spaces introduced at the same time as private rooms, and the evaluation and issues on subsequent unit‐type floor plans. This study offers significant implications to Asian countries that will have aging and aged populations in the near future by summarizing Japan's experience in dealing with realistic and practical problems over the past 20 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista AUS is the property of Revista AUS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Confluências Culturais is the property of Fundacao Educacional da Regiao de Joinville - FURJ and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Shopping malls are an integral feature of the urban environment. Abuja is one of the fastest growing cities in Africa. With its thriving population, it has become a hub of urban activities. The presence of shopping complexes within the city is on a steady increase. Wayfinding is an activity that every shopper must engage in. The need for more wayfinding research in the Nigerian context is evident. A study was carried to explore spatial organization for effective wayfinding in shopping malls. Case study was carried out on three shopping malls in Abuja using a visual survey, questionnaire survey and Visibility Graph Analysis for space syntax. Results from the visual survey and questionnaire survey support findings from literature that users tend to rely on physical features and coded information for their wayfinding tasks before engaging social practices. The VGA run on the floor plans of the ground floors of the shopping malls revealed that linear floor plan configuration is more intelligible than non-linear configurations, thus users will find it easier to find their way in linear spatial configurations than in non-linear. This is primarily due to the interruption of visual sight lines. The paper recommends that architects should pay more attention to designing legible spaces that support efficient wayfinding by utilizing good spatial configuration as well as adequate coded information and use of landmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a novel method for classifying architectural spaces in terms of topological and visual relationships required by the functions of the spaces (where spaces such as bedrooms and bathrooms have less visual and physical relationships due to the privacy, while common spaces such as living rooms have higher visual relationship and physical accessibility) through machine learning (ML). The proposed model was applied to single and two-storey residential plans from the leading architects of the 20th century Among the five different ML models whose performances were evaluated comparatively, the best results were obtained with Cascade Forward Neural Networks (CFNN), and the average model success was calculated as 93%. The features affecting the classification models were examined based on SHAP values and revealed that width, control, 3D visibility and 3D natural daylight luminance were among the most influential. The results of five different ML models indicated that the use of topological and 3D visual relationship features in the automated classification of architectural space function can report very high levels of classification accuracy. The findings show that the classification model can be an important part of developing more efficient and adaptive floor plan design, building management and effective reuse strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In central north Essex and central south Suffolk there are a number of houses dating from the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries with a form of anchor beam where, unlike those in Denmark and a number of north European countries, the protruding end is not reduced to a tenon that goes through a post, but passes through the wall undiminished with a long wedge, called here a needle, through its protruding end. These anchor beams are not attached to a post or stud but are supported by a rail. Most appear to be sixteenth or, more likely, seventeenth century, and in most cases are used either to insert a floor into an open hall of a medieval house, or of a transitional house built with an open hall heated by a chimney, or simply to remove the need for tiebeams blocking access on the first floor of low buildings. Some do act as anchor beams holding up the side walls. Apart from a few outliers, the list descriptions in the Historic England National Heritage List for England (NHLE) suggests these beams are mostly confined to north Essex and south Suffolk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser scanning technology has long been the preferred method for capturing interior scenes in various industries. With a growing market, smaller and more affordable scanners have emerged, offering end products with sufficient accuracy. While not on par with professional scanners, Apple has made laser scanning technology accessible to users with the introduction of the new iPhone Pro models, democratizing 3D scanning. Thus, this study aimed to assess the performance of the iPhone's lidar technology as a low-cost solution for building documentation. Four scanning applications were evaluated to determine the accuracy, precision, and user experience of the generated point clouds compared with a terrestrial laser scanner. The results reveal varying performances on the same device, highlighting the influence of software. Notably, there is room for improvement, particularly in tracking the device's position through software solutions. As it stands, the technology is well suited for applications such as indoor navigation and the generation of quick floor plans in the context of building documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a novel approach for producing a floor plan (FP), either a rectangular (RFP) or an orthogonal (OFP) based on the concept of orthogonal drawings, which satisfies the adjacency relations given by any bi-connected plane triangulation G. Previous algorithms for constructing a FP are primarily restricted to the cases given below: (i) A bi-connected plane triangulation without separating triangles (STs) and with at most 4 corner implying paths (CIPs), known as properly triangulated planar graph (PTPG). (ii) A bi-connected plane triangulation with an exterior face of length 3 and no CIPs, known as maximal planar graph (MPG). The FP obtained in the above two cases is a RFP or an OFP respectively. In this paper, we present the construction of a FP (RFP if exists, else an OFP), for a bi-connected plane triangulation G in linear-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]