146 results on '"F. Rieß"'
Search Results
102. Communication in psychotherapy
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Bernard F. Riess
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Psychotherapy ,Clinical Psychology ,Psychotherapist ,Communication ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Psychology ,Person-centered therapy ,Language - Published
- 1957
103. An experimental critique of assumptions underlying the Negro version of the TAT
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Bernard F. Riess, Emanuel K. Schwartz, and Alice Cottingham
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Psychoanalysis ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Thematic Apperception Test ,Applied Mathematics ,medicine ,Black People ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Thematic apperception test ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Published
- 1950
104. Birth order and related variables in a large outpatient population
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Jeanne Safer and Bernard F. Riess
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Male ,education.field_of_study ,Family Characteristics ,Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ,Mental Disorders ,Population ,Statistics as Topic ,Exploratory research ,Mental health ,Medical Records ,Education ,Birth order ,Sex Factors ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,Humans ,Sibling Relations ,Female ,New York City ,Birth Order ,education ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,Demography ,Personality - Abstract
Summary In an exploratory study of birth order variables in psychiatric patients, 2474 terminated cases at the Postgraduate Center for Mental Health between 1947 and 1962 were collected, and data were obtained on sex, birth order in family, diagnosis, age of sibs, etc. Frequency of ordinal positions was calculated first in each family constellation (i.e., number of firstborns in two-child families, three-child families, number of second borns in two-child families, three-child families, and so forth up to 12-child families). In addition, tabulation was made of ordinal position regardless of family size (i.e., number of firstborns, second borns, etc.). Chi squares for expected and observed frequencies were calculated by the Greenwood-Yule method, and other comparisons were made with use of Mainland's tables. Results indicated that eldest children from small families and youngest children from large families, as well as only children, were overrepresented in this sample.
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- 1973
105. Spectroscopy of high-spin states of 206Po
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Andrew Stuchbery, R.A. Bark, M.C. Kruse, G.D. Dracoulis, Allan Baxter, A. P. Byrne, F. Riess, and A.R. Poletti
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Nuclear reaction ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Valence (chemistry) ,Spin states ,Yrast ,Neutron ,Atomic physics ,Spectroscopy ,Excitation ,Spectral line - Abstract
The yrast and near-yrast energy levels of 206 Po have been investigated to over 9 MeV excitation and up to spins of 24. The measurements consisted of γγ-coincidence data, internal-conversion-electron spectra, time spectra of γ-rays relative to a pulsed beam, excitation functions and γ-ray angular distributions. Two new isomers, with lifetimes in the 1 ns range, were found. The observed level structure is compared with the predictions of empirical shell-model calculations in which 206 Po is regarded as a 208 Pb core with two valence protons and four valence neutron holes. The agreement is generally satisfactory for the observed odd-parity levels and for even parity levels with J > 12; those with J = 6−12 are better accounted for by weak coupling of two valence protons to a 204 Pb core in its 0 + 1 and 4 + 1 states.
106. Configuration-dependent deformations in 171Re
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F. Riess, Andrew Stuchbery, G.D. Dracoulis, P.K. Weng, R.A. Bark, Allan Baxter, and Aidan Byrne
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Nuclear reaction ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Proton ,Atomic orbital ,Heavy ion ,Neutron ,Atomic physics ,Anomaly (physics) ,Mixing (physics) ,Spin-½ - Abstract
The level scheme of 17175Re96, has been studied using (heavy ion, xnyp) reactions. Rotational bands associated with the one-quasiproton Nilsson configurations 5 2 + [402] , 1 2 + [411] and 9 2 − [514] and the “cross-shell” orbitals from the h 9 2 and i 13 2 protons (nominally 1 2 0 − [541] and 1 2 + [660] ) have been identified. Less extensive results for 173Re have also been obtained. Differing (configuration dependent) deformations are required to explain the frequencies and alignment gains in the neutron band crossings. The relative differences are consistent with predicted deformation changes in the “deformation-driving” h 9 2 and i 13 2 (proton) orbitals. Signature splitting in 9 2 −[514] and 5 2 + [402] bands at low spin suggests some γ-deformation. Competing in-band and out-of-band E2 decays in the region of the “real” crossing between the 1 2 + [660] and 5 2 + [402] bands are explained through particle-rotor band-mixing calculations with the ad hoc inclusion of ΔN = 2 mixing. Limited agreement between the observed 1-quasiparticle energies and predicted values underlines the limitation of currently accepted nuclear potentials in this region. Small alignment gains in the 5 2 + [402] and 1 2 + [411] bands, before the AB neutron alignment can be related to the low-spin anomaly in 172Os and explained using three-band mixing. The absence of a similar effect in the 9 2 − [514] band is discussed.
107. Band crossings in 170Os
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Aidan Byrne, Andrew Stuchbery, Allan Baxter, R.A. Bark, F. Riess, and G.D. Dracoulis
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Nuclear reaction ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Yrast ,Nuclear Theory ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Deformation (meteorology) ,chemistry ,Excited state ,Osmium ,Atomic physics ,Anomaly (physics) ,Nuclear Experiment ,Spin (physics) ,Excitation - Abstract
Excited states in the neutron-deficient nucleus 170 Os were identified up to spin (24 + ) in the yrast band and to spin (23 − ) in the lowest negative-parity band. Deformation systematics implied by the 2 + state energies for the very light osmium isotopes are compared with theory. Band-crossing frequencies, alignments and alignment gains are compared with cranked shell-model calculations. Deformation changes are required to obtain detailed agreement. A three-band mixing approach is invoked to explain the low-spin yrast anomaly in 172 Os and to reproduce the yrast band in 170 Os. The excitation energy of the postulated “intruder” band in 170 Os and 172 Os is deduced.
108. Encountering Countertransference
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Bernard F. Riess
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Fuel Technology ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 1989
109. Lonely, But Not Alone
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Bernard F. Riess
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Fuel Technology ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 1975
110. Review of Annual review of physiology
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Bernard F. Riess
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History and Philosophy of Science ,General Psychology - Published
- 1949
111. Observations of the therapist factor in interethnic psychotherapy
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Bernard F. Riess
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Factor (chord) ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Psychotherapist ,Psychology - Published
- 1971
112. Discussion of: 'Review of Homosexuality Research (1960-1966) and some Implications for Treatment,' Miller, Bradley, Gross and Wood, Volume 5, #1, Winter, 1968
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Bernard F. Riess
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Psychoanalysis ,biology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Miller ,Homosexuality ,Psychology ,biology.organism_classification ,Volume (compression) ,media_common - Published
- 1968
113. Report on the exchange file
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Bernard F. Riess
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Psychology (miscellaneous) - Published
- 1964
114. Mistakes in Identity
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Bernard F. Riess
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Fuel Technology ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Identity (social science) ,Sociology ,Genealogy - Published
- 1966
115. Men who control our universities
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Bernard F. Riess
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Gerontology ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Control (management) ,Psychology ,General Psychology - Published
- 1948
116. ON ELLIS ON FRIED ON FREUD
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Bernard F. Riess
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Fuel Technology ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 1961
117. Cosmic Psychology
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BERNARD F RIESS
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Fuel Technology ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology - Published
- 1962
118. Stereoscopic Perception as a Tool in Psychotherapeutic Research
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Bernard F. Riess and George Kaufer
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law ,Perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Stereoscopy ,Psychology ,Sensory Systems ,law.invention ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common - Published
- 1960
119. The Effect of Insulin Shock on Learning in the White Rat
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Louis Berman and Bernard F. Riess
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Multidisciplinary ,White (horse) ,Text mining ,Endocrinology ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Insulin shock ,medicine ,business - Published
- 1942
120. A Correction
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B F, Riess
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Multidisciplinary - Abstract
In a recent note, "A possible explanation of ;freezing' behavior in rats" (Bernard F. Riess. Science, 1945, 102, 570), the author was guilty of a serious omission which completely vitiated the meaning of the article. A comparison was made between two groups of animals, one living in multiple-animal cages, the other in isolation. In giving a description of the groups, the population of the multiple-housed animals was given as 124 and that of the second group was inadvertently omitted. There were 84 animals in this second group. This makes it possible to evaluate the difference between the two groups. The author apologizes for the omission.
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- 1946
121. Changes in patient income concomitant with psychotherapy
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Bernard F. Riess
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Psychotherapy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychotherapist ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Concomitant ,Income ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,General Medicine ,Psychology ,Psychiatry - Published
- 1967
122. A Correction
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Bernard F. Riess
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Multidisciplinary - Published
- 1946
123. THE EFFECT OF SUB-CONVULSIVE AUDIOGENIC STRESS ON RECOVERY FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL DAMAGE
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BERNARD F. RIESS
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General Psychology - Published
- 1955
124. Expanding Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra® and LF-LAM testing for diagnosis of tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults admitted to hospitals in Tanzania and Mozambique: a randomized controlled trial (the EXULTANT trial).
- Author
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Mangu C, Cossa M, Ndege R, Khosa C, Leukes V, de la Torre-Pérez L, Machiana A, Kivuma B, Mnzava D, Zachariah C, Manjate P, Tagliani E, Schacht C, Buech J, Singh S, Ehrlich J, Riess F, Sanz S, Kranzer K, Cox H, Sabi I, Nguenha D, Meggi B, Weisser M, Ntinginya N, Schumacher S, Ruhwald M, Penn-Nicholson A, and Garcia-Basteiro AL
- Subjects
- Humans, Mozambique, Tanzania, Adult, Male, Female, Sputum microbiology, Lipopolysaccharides urine, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Feces microbiology, Feces virology, Hospitalization, HIV Infections complications, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis complications, Tuberculosis drug therapy
- Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Current WHO-recommended strategies for diagnosing TB among hospitalized PLHIV rely on symptom screening and disease severity to assess eligibility for urine lipoarabinomannan lateral flow (LF-LAM) and molecular testing. Despite these recommendations, autopsy studies show a large burden of undiagnosed TB among admitted PLHIV. The EXULTANT trial aims to assess the impact of an expanded screening strategy using three specimens (sputum, stool, and urine) for TB diagnosis among PLHIV admitted to hospitals in two high HIV and TB burden African countries., Methods: This is a multicenter, pragmatic, individually randomized controlled trial conducted across eleven hospitals in Tanzania and Mozambique. Participants in the intervention arm will be tested with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra® from expectorated sputum, stool, and urine samples, with additional urine LF-LAM testing in the first 24 h after hospital admission, irrespective of the presence of the symptoms. The control arm will implement the WHO standard of care recommendations. Hospitalized adults (≥ 18 years) with a confirmed HIV-diagnosis, irrespective of antiretroviral (ART) therapy status or presence of TB symptoms will be assessed for eligibility at admission. Patients with a pre-existing TB diagnosis, those receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy or tuberculosis preventive treatment in the 6 months prior to enrolment, and those transferred from other hospitals will not be eligible. Also, participants admitted for traumatic reasons such as acute abdomen, maternal conditions, scheduled surgery, having a positive SARS-CoV2 test will be ineligible. The primary endpoint is the proportion of participants with microbiologically confirmed TB starting treatment within 3 days of enrolment., Discussion: The EXULTANT trial investigates rapid implementation after admission of a new diagnostic algorithm using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra® in several non-invasive specimens, in addition to LF-LAM, in hospitalized PLHIV regardless of TB symptoms. This enhanced strategy is anticipated to detect frequently missed TB cases in this population and is being evaluated as an implementable and scalable intervention., Trial Registration: Trial reference number: NCT04568967 (ClinicalTrials.gov) registered on 2020-09-29., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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125. Reflex Xpert MTB/XDR Testing of Residual Rifampicin-Resistant Specimens: A Clinical Laboratory-Based Diagnostic Accuracy and Feasibility Study in South Africa.
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Centner CM, Munir R, Tagliani E, Rieß F, Brown P, Hayes C, Dolby T, Zemanay W, Cirillo DM, David A, Schumacher SG, Denkinger CM, Ruhwald M, Leukes VN, Nicol MP, Van der Walt I, Kisten G, Gumede M, Mace A, Brink A, Stevens W, Scott L, Penn-Nicholson A, and Cox H
- Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization-approved Xpert MTB/XDR test detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and injectable drugs directly in specimens. This pragmatic, laboratory-based study assessed the diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of a reflex testing approach, where Xpert MTB/XDR was performed on residual specimens previously processed for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra., Methods: Routine respiratory specimens, processed for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, were stored in sample reagent buffer at 2°C-8°C. If rifampicin resistant, the residual specimen was assessed for adequate volume (≥2 mL) and tested with Xpert MTB/XDR, with storage time recorded. A second specimen was used for routine and reference standard testing (culture and sequencing)., Results: Specimens (99% sputum) from 763 participants submitted to 2 large routine laboratories were included. Xpert MTB/XDR yielded valid resistance detection results in 639 (84%), compared with 507 (66%) for routine testing (difference [95% CI], 18% [13%-22%]). The median turnaround time for results was 23 hours for Xpert MTB/XDR and 15 days for routine testing. While 748 specimens (98%) were ≥2 mL, only 102 (13%) were stored for ≤4 hours. By the reference standard, 284 of 394 (72%) were isoniazid resistant, and 57 of 380 (15%) were fluroquinolone resistant. The sensitivities of Xpert MTB/XDR were 94% (95% CI, 91%-97%) for isoniazid and 91% (81%-97%) for fluoroquinolone resistance detection. The specificities were 98% (94%-100%) and 100% (98%-100%), respectively., Conclusions: Xpert MTB/XDR performed favorably compared with the reference, and the reflex testing approach increased results availability over routine testing, while dramatically decreasing turnaround time from weeks to hours. Laboratory workflow precluded testing within the manufacturer-recommended 4-hour storage time, but longer storage did not appear detrimental., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)
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- 2024
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126. Lung outcomes and related risk factors in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a hospitalised single-centre cohort from Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Glover NA, Ivanova O, Sathar F, Riess F, Shambhu RR, Mekota AM, Zurba L, Menezes C, Alexandra van Blydenstein S, Kalla I, Hoelscher M, Saathoff E, Charalambous S, and Rachow A
- Abstract
Background: Sequelae post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, including lung and functional impairment, pose a significant challenge post-recovery. We explored the burden and risk factors for post-COVID-19 sequelae in an African population with prevalent comorbidities including tuberculosis (TB) and HIV., Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study on hospitalised adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 20 March to 06 October 2021 at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, South Africa. We collected data on comorbidities, and COVID-19 severity using the World Health Organization (WHO) clinical progression scale. Prospectively, we followed up all participants within 40-days post-discharge to assess body mass index (BMI), COVID-19 symptoms and quality of life using St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), 6-min walking-test (6MWT), and spirometry. A subsequent in-depth visit assessed plethysmography, diffusing capacity for the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and high-resolution chest-CT., Findings: We followed up 111 participants, where 65.8% were female, median age 50.5 years, and predominantly black-African (92.8%). Relevant comorbidities included TB disease (18.9%) and HIV infection (36%). SGRQ total scores were elevated in 78.9%, median 6MWT distance was reduced at 300 m (IQR 210-400), and nearly half (49.5%) exhibited spirometry findings below the lower limit of normal (LLN). In-depth pulmonary assessment for 61 participants revealed abnormalities in total lung capacity (31.6% <80% predicted), DLCO (53.4% <80% predicted), and chest-CT (86.7% abnormal). Significant risk factors for individual abnormal outcomes, adjusted for age and sex, were TB disease, HIV with CD4 <200 cells/mm
3 , BMI <18.5 kg/m2 and >35 kg/m2 , and initial COVID-19 severity., Interpretation: This study demonstrates substantial lung and functional morbidity within the first weeks post-COVID-19, particularly in individuals with pre-existing comorbidities including TB, HIV, and low or high BMI. Chest-CT and DLCO show best early potential at reflecting COVID-19-related pathologies., Funding: The Bavarian State Ministry of Science and Arts., Competing Interests: Andrea Rachow declares a grant obtained from Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) for post-TB research. All other authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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127. Study protocol: a pragmatic, cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of implementation of the Truenat platform/MTB assays at primary health care clinics in Mozambique and Tanzania (TB-CAPT CORE).
- Author
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Leukes VN, Hella J, Sabi I, Cossa M, Khosa C, Erkosar B, Mangu C, Siyame E, Mtafya B, Lwilla A, Viegas S, Madeira C, Machiana A, Ribeiro J, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Riess F, Elísio D, Sasamalo M, Mhalu G, Denkinger CM, Castro MDM, Bashir S, Schumacher SG, Tagliani E, Malhotra A, Dowdy D, Schacht C, Buech J, Nguenha D, Ntinginya N, Ruhwald M, Penn-Nicholson A, and Kranzer K
- Subjects
- Humans, Mozambique, Tanzania, Rifampin pharmacology, Primary Health Care, Sputum microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Tuberculosis complications, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Abstract
Background: In 2020, the WHO-approved Molbio Truenat platform and MTB assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) and resistance to rifampicin directly on sputum specimens. This primary health care center-based trial in Mozambique and Tanzania investigates the effect of Truenat platform/MTB assays (intervention arm) combined with rapid communication of results compared to standard of care on TB diagnosis and treatment initiation for microbiologically confirmed TB at 7 days from enrolment., Methods: The Tuberculosis Close the Gap, Increase Access, and Provide Adequate Therapy (TB-CAPT) CORE trial employs a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled design to evaluate the impact of a streamlined strategy for delivery of Truenat platform/MTB assays testing at primary health centers. Twenty-nine centers equipped with TB microscopy units were selected to participate in the trial. Among them, fifteen health centers were randomized to the intervention arm (which involves onsite molecular testing using Truenat platform/MTB assays, process process optimization to enable same-day TB diagnosis and treatment initiation, and feedback on Molbio platform performance) or the control arm (which follows routine care, including on-site sputum smear microscopy and the referral of sputum samples to off-site Xpert testing sites). The primary outcome of the study is the absolute number and proportion of participants with TB microbiological confirmation starting TB treatment within 7 days of their first visit. Secondary outcomes include time to bacteriological confirmation, health outcomes up to 60 days from first visit, as well as user preferences, direct cost, and productivity analyses., Ethics and Dissemination: TB-CAPT CORE trial has been approved by regulatory and ethical committees in Mozambique and Tanzania, as well as by each partner organization. Consent is informed and voluntary, and confidentiality of participants is maintained throughout. Study findings will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed international journals., Trial Registration: US National Institutes of Health's ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04568954. Registered 23 September 2020., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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128. Studying temporal titre evolution of commercial SARS-CoV-2 assays reveals significant shortcomings of using BAU standardization for comparison.
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Kroidl I, Winter S, Rubio-Acero R, Bakuli A, Geldmacher C, Eser TM, Déak F, Horn S, Zielke A, Ahmed MIM, Diepers P, Guggenbühl J, Frese J, Bruger J, Puchinger K, Reich J, Falk P, Markgraf A, Fensterseifer H, Paunovic I, Thomschke A, Pritsch M, Riess F, Saathoff E, Hoelscher M, Olbrich L, Castelletti N, and Wieser A
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Antibodies, Viral, Biological Assay, Immunoglobulin G, COVID-19 diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Measuring specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has become one of the main epidemiological tools to survey the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but also vaccination response. The WHO made available a set of well-characterized samples derived from recovered individuals to allow normalization between different quantitative anti-Spike assays to defined Binding Antibody Units (BAU)., Methods: To assess sero-responses longitudinally, a cohort of ninety-nine SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive subjects was followed up together with forty-five vaccinees without previous infection but with two vaccinations. Sero-responses were evaluated using a total of six different assays: four measuring anti-Spike proteins (converted to BAU), one measuring anti-Nucleocapsid proteins and one SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization. Both cohorts were evaluated using the Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA anti-S1 IgG and the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 assay., Results: In SARS-CoV-2-convalesce subjects, the BAU-sero-responses of Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA anti-S1 IgG and Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 peaked both at 47 (43-51) days, the first assay followed by a slow decay thereafter (> 208 days), while the second assay not presenting any decay within one year. Both assay values in BAUs are only equivalent a few months after infection, elsewhere correction factors up to 10 are necessary. In contrast, in infection-naive vaccinees the assays perform similarly., Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that the establishment of a protective correlate or vaccination booster recommendation based on different assays, although BAU-standardised, is still challenging. At the moment the characteristics of the available assays used are not related, and the BAU-standardisation is unable to correct for that., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
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129. The representative COVID-19 cohort Munich (KoCo19): from the beginning of the pandemic to the Delta virus variant.
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Le Gleut R, Plank M, Pütz P, Radon K, Bakuli A, Rubio-Acero R, Paunovic I, Rieß F, Winter S, Reinkemeyer C, Schälte Y, Olbrich L, Hannes M, Kroidl I, Noreña I, Janke C, Wieser A, Hoelscher M, Fuchs C, and Castelletti N
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Hepatitis Delta Virus, COVID-19 Vaccines, Pandemics, Antibodies, Viral, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Population-based serological studies allow to estimate prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections despite a substantial number of mild or asymptomatic disease courses. This became even more relevant for decision making after vaccination started. The KoCo19 cohort tracks the pandemic progress in the Munich general population for over two years, setting it apart in Europe., Methods: Recruitment occurred during the initial pandemic wave, including 5313 participants above 13 years from private households in Munich. Four follow-ups were held at crucial times of the pandemic, with response rates of at least 70%. Participants filled questionnaires on socio-demographics and potential risk factors of infection. From Follow-up 2, information on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was added. SARS-CoV-2 antibody status was measured using the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N assay (indicating previous infection) and the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S assay (indicating previous infection and/or vaccination). This allowed us to distinguish between sources of acquired antibodies., Results: The SARS-CoV-2 estimated cumulative sero-prevalence increased from 1.6% (1.1-2.1%) in May 2020 to 14.5% (12.7-16.2%) in November 2021. Underreporting with respect to official numbers fluctuated with testing policies and capacities, becoming a factor of more than two during the second half of 2021. Simultaneously, the vaccination campaign against the SARS-CoV-2 virus increased the percentage of the Munich population having antibodies, with 86.8% (85.5-87.9%) having developed anti-S and/or anti-N in November 2021. Incidence rates for infections after (BTI) and without previous vaccination (INS) differed (ratio INS/BTI of 2.1, 0.7-3.6). However, the prevalence of infections was higher in the non-vaccinated population than in the vaccinated one. Considering the whole follow-up time, being born outside Germany, working in a high-risk job and living area per inhabitant were identified as risk factors for infection, while other socio-demographic and health-related variables were not. Although we obtained significant within-household clustering of SARS-CoV-2 cases, no further geospatial clustering was found., Conclusions: Vaccination increased the coverage of the Munich population presenting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, but breakthrough infections contribute to community spread. As underreporting stays relevant over time, infections can go undetected, so non-pharmaceutical measures are crucial, particularly for highly contagious strains like Omicron., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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130. Step towards elimination of Wuchereria bancrofti in Southwest Tanzania 10 years after mass drug administration with Albendazole and Ivermectin.
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Mnkai J, Marandu TF, Mhidze J, Urio A, Maganga L, Haule A, Kavishe G, Ntapara E, Chiwerengo N, Clowes P, Horn S, Mosoba M, Lazarus W, Ngenya A, Kalinga A, Debrah A, Rieß F, Saathoff E, Geldmacher C, Hoerauf A, Hoelscher M, Chachage M, and Kroidl I
- Subjects
- Albendazole adverse effects, Animals, Antigens, Helminth therapeutic use, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Ivermectin adverse effects, Male, Mass Drug Administration, Tanzania epidemiology, Wuchereria bancrofti, Elephantiasis, Filarial drug therapy, Elephantiasis, Filarial epidemiology, Elephantiasis, Filarial prevention & control, Filaricides therapeutic use
- Abstract
Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito transmitted parasitic infection in tropical regions. Annual mass treatment with ivermectin and albendazole is used for transmission control of Wuchereria bancrofti, the infective agent of lymphatic filariasis in many African countries, including Tanzania., Methodology: In a general population study in Southwest Tanzania, individuals were tested for circulating filarial antigen, an indicator of W. bancrofti adult worm burden in 2009 before mass drug administration commenced in that area. Seven annual rounds with ivermectin and albendazole were given between 2009 and 2015 with a population coverage of over 70%. Participants of the previous study took part in a follow-up activity in 2019 to measure the effect of this governmental activity., Findings: One thousand two hundred and ninety nine inhabitants of Kyela district in Southwest Tanzania aged 14 to 65 years who had participated in the study activities in 2009 were revisited in 2010/11 and 2019. Among this group, the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis of the 14-65 years olds in 2009 was 35.1%. A follow-up evaluation in 2010/11 had shown a reduction to 27.7%. In 2019, after 7 years of annual treatment and an additional three years of surveillance, the prevalence had dropped to 1.7%, demonstrating successful treatment by the national control programme. Risk factors for W. bancrofti-infection were the occupation as farmer, male sex, and older age. Most infected individuals in the 2019 follow-up study already had a positive test for filarial antigen in 2009 and/or 2010/11., Conclusions: This data supports the findings of the Tanzanian Neglected Tropical Disease Control Programme (NTDCP), who conducted Transmission Assessment Surveys and found an impressive reduction in the prevalence of LF in children. Our results complement this data by showing a similar decrease in prevalence of LF in the adult population in the same area. The elimination of LF seems achievable in the near future., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2022
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131. Early risk assessment in paediatric and adult household contacts of confirmed tuberculosis cases by novel diagnostic tests (ERASE-TB): protocol for a prospective, non-interventional, longitudinal, multicountry cohort study.
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Marambire ET, Banze D, Mfinanga A, Mutsvangwa J, Mbunda TD, Ntinginya NE, Celso K, Kallenius G, Calderwood CJ, Geldmacher C, Held K, Appalarowthu T, Rieß F, Panzner U, Heinrich N, and Kranzer K
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Humans, Disease Progression, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Tanzania, Clinical Studies as Topic, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Tuberculosis
- Abstract
Introduction: The WHO End-TB Strategy calls for the development of novel diagnostics to detect tuberculosis (TB) earlier and more accurately. Better diagnostics, together with tools to predict disease progression, are critical for achieving WHO End-TB targets. The E arly R isk A ssessment in TB Contacts by new diagno S tic t E sts (ERASE-TB) study aims to evaluate novel diagnostics and testing algorithms for early TB diagnosis and accurate prediction of disease progression among household contacts (HHCs) exposed to confirmed index cases in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe., Methods and Analysis: A total of 2100 HHCs (aged ≥10 years) of adults with microbiologically-confirmed pulmonary TB will be recruited and followed up at 6-month intervals for 18-24 months. At each time point, a WHO symptom screen and digital chest radiograph (dCXR) will be performed, and blood and urine samples will be collected. Individuals screening positive (WHO symptom screen or dCXR) will be requested to provide sputum for Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra. At baseline, HHCs will also be screened for HIV, diabetes (HbA1c), chronic lung disease (spirometry), hypertension and anaemia. Study outcomes will be coprevalent TB (diagnosed at enrolment), incident TB (diagnosed during follow-up) or no TB at completion of follow-up. Novel diagnostics will be validated using fresh and biobanked samples with a nested case-control design. Cases are defined as HHCs diagnosed with TB (for early diagnosis) or with incident TB (for prediction of progression) and will be matched by age, sex and country to HHCs who remain healthy (controls). Statistical analyses will include assessment of diagnostic accuracy by constructing receiver operating curves and calculation of sensitivity and specificity., Ethics and Dissemination: ERASE-TB has been approved by regulatory and ethical committees in each African country and by each partner organisation. Consent, with additional assent for participants <18 years, is voluntary. Attestation by impartial witnesses is sought in case of illiteracy. Confidentiality of participants is being maintained throughout. Study findings will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed international journals., Trial Registration Number: NCT04781257.Cite Now., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2022
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132. The interplay of viral loads, clinical presentation, and serological responses in SARS-CoV-2 - Results from a prospective cohort of outpatient COVID-19 cases.
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Puchinger K, Castelletti N, Rubio-Acero R, Geldmacher C, Eser TM, Deák F, Paunovic I, Bakuli A, Saathoff E, von Meyer A, Markgraf A, Falk P, Reich J, Riess F, Girl P, Müller K, Radon K, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Wölfel R, Hoelscher M, Kroidl I, Wieser A, and Olbrich L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, COVID-19 complications, Child, Cohort Studies, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Pandemics, Serologic Tests methods, Symptom Assessment, Young Adult, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 virology, SARS-CoV-2 physiology, Viral Load
- Abstract
Risk factors for disease progression and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections require an understanding of acute and long-term virological and immunological dynamics. Fifty-one RT-PCR positive COVID-19 outpatients were recruited between May and December 2020 in Munich, Germany, and followed up at multiple defined timepoints for up to one year. RT-PCR and viral culture were performed and seroresponses measured. Participants were classified applying the WHO clinical progression scale. Short symptom to test time (median 5.0 days; p = 0.0016) and high viral loads (VL; median maximum VL: 3∙10
8 copies/mL; p = 0.0015) were indicative for viral culture positivity. Participants with WHO grade 3 at baseline had significantly higher VLs compared to those with WHO 1 and 2 (p = 0.01). VLs dropped fast within 1 week of symptom onset. Maximum VLs were positively correlated with the magnitude of Ro-N-Ig seroresponse (p = 0.022). Our results describe the dynamics of VLs and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in mild to moderate cases that can support public health measures during the ongoing global pandemic., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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133. Head-to-head evaluation of seven different seroassays including direct viral neutralisation in a representative cohort for SARS-CoV-2.
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Olbrich L, Castelletti N, Schälte Y, Garí M, Pütz P, Bakuli A, Pritsch M, Kroidl I, Saathoff E, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Fingerle V, Le Gleut R, Gilberg L, Brand I, Falk P, Markgraf A, Deák F, Riess F, Diefenbach M, Eser T, Weinauer F, Martin S, Quenzel EM, Becker M, Durner J, Girl P, Müller K, Radon K, Fuchs C, Wölfel R, Hasenauer J, Hoelscher M, Wieser A, and On Behalf Of The KoCo-Study Group
- Subjects
- COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing, Cohort Studies, Humans, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 Serological Testing methods, Neutralization Tests methods, SARS-CoV-2 immunology
- Abstract
A number of seroassays are available for SARS-CoV-2 testing; yet, head-to-head evaluations of different testing principles are limited, especially using raw values rather than categorical data. In addition, identifying correlates of protection is of utmost importance, and comparisons of available testing systems with functional assays, such as direct viral neutralisation, are needed.We analysed 6658 samples consisting of true-positives ( n =193), true-negatives ( n =1091), and specimens of unknown status ( n =5374). For primary testing, we used Euroimmun-Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA-IgA/IgG and Roche-Elecsys-Anti-SARS-CoV-2. Subsequently virus-neutralisation, GeneScriptcPass, VIRAMED-SARS-CoV-2-ViraChip, and Mikrogen- recom Line-SARS-CoV-2-IgG were applied for confirmatory testing. Statistical modelling generated optimised assay cut-off thresholds. Sensitivity of Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgA was 64.8%, specificity 93.3% (manufacturer's cut-off); for Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgG, sensitivity was 77.2/79.8% (manufacturer's/optimised cut-offs), specificity 98.0/97.8%; Roche-anti-N sensitivity was 85.5/88.6%, specificity 99.8/99.7%. In true-positives, mean and median Euroimmun-anti-S1-IgA and -IgG titres decreased 30/90 days after RT-PCR-positivity, Roche-anti-N titres decreased significantly later. Virus-neutralisation was 80.6% sensitive, 100.0% specific (≥1:5 dilution). Neutralisation surrogate tests (GeneScriptcPass, Mikrogen- recom Line-RBD) were >94.9% sensitive and >98.1% specific. Optimised cut-offs improved test performances of several tests. Confirmatory testing with virus-neutralisation might be complemented with GeneScriptcPass
TM or recom Line-RBD for certain applications. Head-to-head comparisons given here aim to contribute to the refinement of testing strategies for individual and public health use.- Published
- 2021
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134. From first to second wave: follow-up of the prospective COVID-19 cohort (KoCo19) in Munich (Germany).
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Radon K, Bakuli A, Pütz P, Le Gleut R, Guggenbuehl Noller JM, Olbrich L, Saathoff E, Garí M, Schälte Y, Frahnow T, Wölfel R, Pritsch M, Rothe C, Pletschette M, Rubio-Acero R, Beyerl J, Metaxa D, Forster F, Thiel V, Castelletti N, Rieß F, Diefenbach MN, Fröschl G, Bruger J, Winter S, Frese J, Puchinger K, Brand I, Kroidl I, Wieser A, Hoelscher M, Hasenauer J, and Fuchs C
- Subjects
- Follow-Up Studies, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Pandemics
- Abstract
Background: In the 2nd year of the COVID-19 pandemic, knowledge about the dynamics of the infection in the general population is still limited. Such information is essential for health planners, as many of those infected show no or only mild symptoms and thus, escape the surveillance system. We therefore aimed to describe the course of the pandemic in the Munich general population living in private households from April 2020 to January 2021., Methods: The KoCo19 baseline study took place from April to June 2020 including 5313 participants (age 14 years and above). From November 2020 to January 2021, we could again measure SARS-CoV-2 antibody status in 4433 of the baseline participants (response 83%). Participants were offered a self-sampling kit to take a capillary blood sample (dry blood spot; DBS). Blood was analysed using the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay (Roche). Questionnaire information on socio-demographics and potential risk factors assessed at baseline was available for all participants. In addition, follow-up information on health-risk taking behaviour and number of personal contacts outside the household (N = 2768) as well as leisure time activities (N = 1263) were collected in summer 2020., Results: Weighted and adjusted (for specificity and sensitivity) SARS-CoV-2 sero-prevalence at follow-up was 3.6% (95% CI 2.9-4.3%) as compared to 1.8% (95% CI 1.3-3.4%) at baseline. 91% of those tested positive at baseline were also antibody-positive at follow-up. While sero-prevalence increased from early November 2020 to January 2021, no indication of geospatial clustering across the city of Munich was found, although cases clustered within households. Taking baseline result and time to follow-up into account, men and participants in the age group 20-34 years were at the highest risk of sero-positivity. In the sensitivity analyses, differences in health-risk taking behaviour, number of personal contacts and leisure time activities partly explained these differences., Conclusion: The number of citizens in Munich with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was still below 5% during the 2nd wave of the pandemic. Antibodies remained present in the majority of SARS-CoV-2 sero-positive baseline participants. Besides age and sex, potentially confounded by differences in behaviour, no major risk factors could be identified. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures are thus still important., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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135. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Representative COVID-19 Cohort Munich.
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Pritsch M, Radon K, Bakuli A, Le Gleut R, Olbrich L, Guggenbüehl Noller JM, Saathoff E, Castelletti N, Garí M, Pütz P, Schälte Y, Frahnow T, Wölfel R, Rothe C, Pletschette M, Metaxa D, Forster F, Thiel V, Rieß F, Diefenbach MN, Fröschl G, Bruger J, Winter S, Frese J, Puchinger K, Brand I, Kroidl I, Hasenauer J, Fuchs C, Wieser A, Hoelscher M, and On Behalf Of The KoCo Study Group
- Subjects
- Humans, Prevalence, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections
- Abstract
Given the large number of mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases, only population-based studies can provide reliable estimates of the magnitude of the pandemic. We therefore aimed to assess the sero-prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Munich general population after the first wave of the pandemic. For this purpose, we drew a representative sample of 2994 private households and invited household members 14 years and older to complete questionnaires and to provide blood samples. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was defined as Roche N pan-Ig ≥ 0.4218. We adjusted the prevalence for the sampling design, sensitivity, and specificity. We investigated risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and geospatial transmission patterns by generalized linear mixed models and permutation tests. Seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies was 1.82% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.37%) as compared to 0.46% PCR-positive cases officially registered in Munich. Loss of the sense of smell or taste was associated with seropositivity (odds ratio (OR) 47.4; 95% CI 7.2-307.0) and infections clustered within households. By this first population-based study on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in a large German municipality not affected by a superspreading event, we could show that at least one in four cases in private households was reported and known to the health authorities. These results will help authorities to estimate the true burden of disease in the population and to take evidence-based decisions on public health measures.
- Published
- 2021
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136. Adaptation of WHO's generic tuberculosis patient cost instrument for a longitudinal study in Africa.
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Evans D, van Rensburg C, Govathson C, Ivanova O, Rieß F, Siroka A, Sillah AK, Ntinginya NE, Jani I, Sathar F, Rosen S, Sanne I, Rachow A, and Lönnroth K
- Subjects
- Cost of Illness, Cross-Sectional Studies, Gambia, Health Care Costs, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, World Health Organization, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
- Abstract
The WHO developed a generic 'TB patient cost survey' tool and a standardized approach to assess the direct and indirect costs of TB incurred by patients and their households, estimate the proportion of patients experiencing catastrophic costs, and measure the impact of interventions to reduce patient costs. While the generic tool is a facility-based cross-sectional survey, this standardized approach needs to be adapted for longitudinal studies. A longitudinal approach may overcome some of the limitations of a cross-sectional design and estimate the economic burden of TB more precisely. We describe the process of creating a longitudinal instrument and its application to the TB Sequel study, an ongoing multi-country, multi-center observational cohort study. We adapted the cross-sectional WHO generic TB patient cost survey instrument for the longitudinal study design of TB Sequel and the local context in each study country (South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, and The Gambia). The generic instrument was adapted for use at enrollment (start of TB treatment; Day 0) and at 2, 6, 12 and 24 months after enrollment, time points intended to capture costs incurred for diagnosis, during treatment, at the end of treatment, and during long-term follow-up once treatment has been completed. These time points make the adapted version suitable for use in patients with either drug-sensitive or drug-resistant TB. Using the adapted tool provides the opportunity to repeat measures and make comparisons over time, describe changes that extend beyond treatment completion, and link cost survey data to treatment outcomes and post-TB sequelae. Trial registration : ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT032516 August 1196, 2017. Abbreviations : DOTS: Directly observed treatment, short-course; DR-TB: Drug-resistant tuberculosis; MDR-TB: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis; NTP: National Tuberculosis Programme; TB: Tuberculosis; USD: United States Dollar; WHO: World Health Organization.
- Published
- 2021
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137. Publisher Correction to: Protocol of a population-based prospective COVID-19 cohort study Munich, Germany (KoCo19).
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Radon K, Saathoff E, Pritsch M, Guggenbühl Noller JM, Kroidl I, Olbrich L, Thiel V, Diefenbach M, Riess F, Forster F, Theis F, Wieser A, and Hoelscher M
- Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
- Published
- 2020
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138. Protocol of a population-based prospective COVID-19 cohort study Munich, Germany (KoCo19).
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Radon K, Saathoff E, Pritsch M, Guggenbühl Noller JM, Kroidl I, Olbrich L, Thiel V, Diefenbach M, Riess F, Forster F, Theis F, Wieser A, and Hoelscher M
- Subjects
- COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections transmission, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral transmission, Prospective Studies, Research Design, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections prevention & control, Pandemics prevention & control, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, public health interventions have been introduced globally in order to prevent the spread of the virus and avoid the overload of health care systems, especially for the most severely affected patients. Scientific studies to date have focused primarily on describing the clinical course of patients, identifying treatment options and developing vaccines. In Germany, as in many other regions, current tests for SARS-CoV2 are not conducted on a representative basis and in a longitudinal design. Furthermore, knowledge about the immune status of the population is lacking. Nonetheless, these data are needed to understand the dynamics of the pandemic and hence to appropriately design and evaluate interventions. For this purpose, we recently started a prospective population-based cohort in Munich, Germany, with the aim to develop a better understanding of the state and dynamics of the pandemic., Methods: In 100 out of 755 randomly selected constituencies, 3000 Munich households are identified via random route and offered enrollment into the study. All household members are asked to complete a baseline questionnaire and subjects ≥14 years of age are asked to provide a venous blood sample of ≤3 ml for the determination of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgA status. The residual plasma and the blood pellet are preserved for later genetic and molecular biological investigations. For twelve months, each household member is asked to keep a diary of daily symptoms, whereabouts and contacts via WebApp. If symptoms suggestive for COVID-19 are reported, family members, including children < 14 years, are offered a pharyngeal swab taken at the Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, for molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2. In case of severe symptoms, participants will be transferred to a Munich hospital. For one year, the study teams re-visits the households for blood sampling every six weeks., Discussion: With the planned study we will establish a reliable epidemiological tool to improve the understanding of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and to better assess the effectiveness of public health measures as well as their socio-economic effects. This will support policy makers in managing the epidemic based on scientific evidence.
- Published
- 2020
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139. Development of chronic lung impairment in Mozambican TB patients and associated risks.
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Khosa C, Bhatt N, Massango I, Azam K, Saathoff E, Bakuli A, Riess F, Ivanova O, Hoelscher M, and Rachow A
- Subjects
- Adult, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Lung microbiology, Male, Middle Aged, Mozambique, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Respiratory Function Tests, Risk Factors, Sputum microbiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Lung physiopathology, Spirometry, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary physiopathology
- Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is frequently associated with chronic respiratory impairment despite microbiological cure. There are only a few clinical research studies that describe the course, type and severity as well as associated risk factors for lung impairment (LI) in TB patients., Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at TB Research Clinic of Instituto Nacional de Saúde in Mavalane, Maputo, from June 2014 to June 2016. PTB patients were prospectively enrolled and followed for 52 weeks after TB diagnosis. Lung function was evaluated by spirometry at 8, 26 and 52 weeks after TB treatment initiation, and spirometric values of below the lower limit of normality were considered as LI. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to summarize the proportion of patients with different lung outcomes at week 52, including type and severity of LI. Risk factors were analysed using multinomial regression analysis., Results: A total of 69 PTB patients were enrolled, of which 62 had a valid spirometry result at week 52 after TB treatment start. At week 8, 26 and 52, the proportion of patients with LI was 78, 68.9 and 64.5%, respectively, and 35.5% had moderate or severe LI at week 52. The majority of patients with LI suffered from pulmonary restriction. Female sex, low haemoglobin and heavy smoking were significantly associated with LI., Conclusion: Moderate or severe LI can be observed in a third of cured TB patients. Further research is urgently needed to gain deeper insight into the characteristics of post TB LI, the causal pathways and potential treatment strategies.
- Published
- 2020
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140. Cross Talk Between p22phox and ATF4 in the Endothelial Unfolded Protein Response.
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Petry A, Zhang Z, Trautz B, Rieß F, and Görlach A
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- Activating Transcription Factor 4 genetics, Cells, Cultured, Endoplasmic Reticulum metabolism, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, HeLa Cells, Humans, NADPH Oxidases genetics, Activating Transcription Factor 4 metabolism, Endothelial Cells metabolism, NADPH Oxidases metabolism, Unfolded Protein Response
- Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases have been associated with stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and accumulation of unfolded proteins leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and H
2 O2 derived from NADPH oxidases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. ROS have also been associated with ER stress. The role NADPH oxidases in the UPR is, however, not completely resolved yet., Aim: In this study, we investigated the role of p22phox, an essential component of most NADPH oxidases, in the UPR of endothelial cells., Results: Induction of ER stress increased p22phox expression at the transcriptional level. p22phox was identified as novel target of the UPR transcription factor ATF4 (activator of transcription factor 4) under ER stress conditions by promoter analyses and ChIP. Depletion of ATF4 and p22phox diminished the levels of superoxide and H2 O2 under ER stress conditions. On the contrary, p22phox was instrumental in increasing eIF2α phosphorylation and subsequent ATF4 expression on induction of ER stress by chemicals, oxysterols, or severe hypoxia in vitro and in vivo, leading to increased expression of CHOP and activation of effector caspases., Innovation: p22phox is a novel target of ATF4 in response to ER stress, which can promote the PERK-ATF4 branch of the UPR in vitro and in vivo., Conclusion: p22phox-dependent NADPH oxidases are important mediators of ER stress driving the UPR.- Published
- 2019
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141. The β3-integrin binding protein β3-endonexin is a novel negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor-1.
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Kračun D, Riess F, Kanchev I, Gawaz M, and Görlach A
- Subjects
- Cell Line, Humans, Hypoxia metabolism, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mitochondrial Proteins, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Angiogenesis Inhibitors metabolism, Neoplasm Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Neoplasm Proteins metabolism, Nuclear Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Aims: Integrins are multifunctional heterodimeric adhesion receptors that mediate the attachment between a cell and the extracellular matrix or other surrounding cells. In endothelial cells, integrins can modulate cell migration and motility. In particular, β3-integrin is expressed in angiogenic vessels. Signal transduction by β3-integrins requires the recruitment of intracellular signaling molecules. β3-endonexin is a highly spliced molecule that has been identified as a β3-integrin binding protein. β3-endonexin isoforms are expressed in endothelial cells and have been suggested to act as shuttle proteins between the membrane and the nucleus. However, their functional role in angiogenesis is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether β3-endonexin isoforms are involved in endothelial angiogenic processes under hypoxia., Results: The overexpression of β3-endonexin isoforms decreased endothelial proliferation and tube formation under hypoxia, while the depletion of β3-endonexin by RNAi promoted angiogenic responses in vitro and in vivo. In hypoxia, β3-endonexin accumulated in the nucleus, and prevention of this response by depletion of β3-endonexin increased hypoxic activation and induction of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 and its target genes VEGF and PAI-1. β3-endonexin diminished nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation and decreased NFκB binding to the HIF-1α promoter under hypoxia, subsequently diminishing NFκB-dependent transcription of HIF-1α under hypoxia., Innovation: Our results indicate for the first time that the overexpression of β3-endonexin can decrease hypoxic induction and activation of HIF-1α and can prevent hypoxic endothelial proliferation and angiogenic responses., Conclusion: β3-endonexin can act as a novel anti-angiogenic factor specifically in the response to hypoxia due to its negative impact on the activation of HIF-1.
- Published
- 2014
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142. The unfolded protein response controls induction and activation of ADAM17/TACE by severe hypoxia and ER stress.
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Rzymski T, Petry A, Kračun D, Rieß F, Pike L, Harris AL, and Görlach A
- Subjects
- ADAM17 Protein, Activating Transcription Factor 4 metabolism, Activating Transcription Factor 6 metabolism, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized pharmacology, Bevacizumab, Cell Hypoxia, Cell Line, Tumor, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Female, Humans, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit metabolism, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, MAP Kinase Signaling System physiology, Male, Mice, Mice, SCID, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I metabolism, Thapsigargin pharmacology, ADAM Proteins biosynthesis, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Neoplasms enzymology, Unfolded Protein Response
- Abstract
The family of ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) proteins has been implicated in tumor initiation and progression. ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-converting enzyme (TACE) has been initially recognized to release TNFα as well as its receptors (TNFRs) from the membrane. ADAM17, TNFα and TNFR have been found upregulated in cancer patients, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. As hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer that can lead to severe stress conditions accumulating in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), we investigated the role of these stress conditions in the regulation of ADAM17 and release of TNFR1.We found that severe hypoxia induced ADAM17 expression and activity. Although hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) was important to maintain basal ADAM17 mRNA levels during moderate hypoxia, it was not sufficient to induce ADAM17 levels under severe hypoxia. Instead, we found that ADAM17 induction by severe hypoxia can be mimicked by ER stressors such as Thapsigargin and occurs as a consequence of the activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) arms of UPR in several tumor cell lines. ADAM17 expression was also increased in xenografts displaying ER stress because of treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitory antibody Bevacizumab. Additionally, severe hypoxia and ER stress activated ADAM17 and ectodomain shedding of TNFR1 involving mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Collectively, these results show that ADAM17 is a novel UPR-regulated gene in response to severe hypoxia and ER stress, which is actively involved in the release of TNFR1 under these conditions. These data provide a novel link between severe hypoxic stress conditions and inflammation in the tumor environment.
- Published
- 2012
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143. Hetero-oligomeric cell wall channels (porins) of Nocardia farcinica.
- Author
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Kläckta C, Knörzer P, Riess F, and Benz R
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Blotting, Western, Cell Wall metabolism, Cloning, Molecular, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lipid Bilayers chemistry, Lipid Bilayers metabolism, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Nocardia genetics, Porins genetics, Porins metabolism, Protein Structure, Quaternary, Protein Subunits chemistry, Protein Subunits genetics, Protein Subunits metabolism, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Sequence Analysis, Protein, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Nocardia metabolism, Porins chemistry, Protein Multimerization
- Abstract
The cell wall of Nocardia farcinica contains a cation-selective cell wall channel, which may be responsible for the limited permeability of the cell wall of N. farcinica for negatively charged antibiotics. Based on partial sequencing of the protein responsible for channel formation derived from N. farcinica ATTC 3318 we were able to identify the corresponding genes (nfa15890 and nfa15900) within the known genome of N. farcinica IFM 10152. The corresponding genes of N. farcinica ATTC 3318 were separately expressed in the Escherichia coli BL21DE3Omp8 strain and the N-terminal His10-tagged proteins were purified to homogeneity using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The pure proteins were designated NfpANHis and NfpBNHis, for N. farcinica porin A and N. farcinica porin B. The two proteins were checked separately for channel formation in lipid bilayers. Our results clearly indicate that the proteins NfpANHis and NfpBNHis expressed in E. coli could only together form a channel in lipid bilayer membranes. This means that the cell wall channel of N. farcinica is formed by a heterooligomer. NfpA and NfpB form together a channel that may structurally be related to MspA of Mycobacterium smegmatis based on amino acid comparison and renaturation procedure., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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144. Contrasting behavior in octupole structures observed at high spin in 220Ra and 222Th.
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Smith JF, Cocks JF, Schulz N, Aïche M, Bentaleb M, Butler PA, Hannachi F, Jones GD, Jones PM, Julin R, Juutinen S, Kulessa R, Lubkiewicz E, Plochocki A, Riess F, Ruchowska E, Savelius A, Sens JC, Simpson J, and Wolf E
- Published
- 1995
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145. Search for the I pi =1(-) state in 218Ra.
- Author
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Wieland M, Fernández Niello J, von Fromberg B, Riess F, Aïche M, Chevallier A, Chevallier J, Schulz N, Sens JC, Briançon C, and Ruchowska E
- Published
- 1992
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146. Sidebands in 219Ra.
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Wieland M, Fernández Niello J, Riess F, Aïche M, Chevallier A, Chevallier J, Schulz N, Sens JC, Briançon C, Kulessa R, and Ruchowska E
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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