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The world has encountered numerous global crises, including epidemics, military conflicts, and economic collapse. Innovative digital technologies, such as Industry 4.0 (I4.0), can undoubtedly help improve industries' operations during critical times. The dairy industry has seen an increment in technological adoption in the last few years. Adopting cutting-edge technologies is regarded as more feasible as compared to existing practices. The advancements achieved through the white revolution became game changers for the Indian dairy industry, establishing it as a top producer. The key challenges faced by the Indian dairy industry include safety, quality, transparency, and sustainability. The Indian dairy sector needs a revolution to address these challenges, and digital technologies can play a big role. This study critically demonstrates the emergence of technological transformations in the Indian dairy industry. A conceptual framework, White Revolution 2.0, which indicates the digital revolution, is introduced. This proposed framework presents the three dimensions of White Revolution 2.0, i.e., technological dimension, external factors, and applications of I4.0. The proposed framework will significantly improve dairy operations by effectively addressing the identified challenges throughout every aspect of the dairy industry. The findings indicate that adopting the proposed concept can ensure effective supply chain integration and a sustainable future for the dairy industry by integrating all the stakeholders. Practical implementation of this concept includes improvements in food safety, security, and quality sustainably. This study will assist practitioners and researchers in understanding the fundamentals and necessity of the White Revolution 2.0 and can serve as a roadmap for integrated dairy digitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the virome of olive trees with symptoms of leaf mottling by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) revealed the presence of a new virus. Full coding genome sequences of two isolates were determined and consisted of a single RNA segment of 16,516 nt and 16,489, respectively. The genomic organization contained 10 open reading frames (ORFs) from 5′ to 3′: ORF1a, ORF1b (RdRp), ORF2 (p22), ORF3 (p7), ORF4 (HSP70h), ORF5 (HSP90h), ORF6 (CP), ORF7 (p19), ORF8 (p12), ORF9 (p23) and ORF10 (p9). Phylogenetic analyses clustered this virus in the genus Olivavirus, family Closteroviridae, with the closest species being Olivavirus flaviolae, commonly named olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV). However, amino acid sequences of all taxonomically relevant proteins showed, in all cases, a divergence higher than 25% between OLYaV and the new virus, indicating that it represents a new species in the genus Olivavirus for which the common name of olive leaf mottling virus (OLMV) is proposed. This study represents an advance in the genus Olivavirus and provides new insights into the olive virome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that disturbances in gut microbial composition, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the resulting inflammation can lead to DNA damage, driving the pathogenesis and progression of CRC. Notably, bacterial metabolites can either protect against or contribute to oxidative stress by modulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes and influencing signaling pathways that govern ROS-induced inflammation. Additionally, microbiota byproducts, when supplemented through probiotics, can affect tumor microenvironments to enhance treatment efficacy and selectively mediate the ROS-induced destruction of CRC cells. This review aims to discuss the mechanisms by which taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota and related metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and trimethylamine-N-oxide influence ROS concentrations to safeguard or promote the onset of inflammation-mediated CRC. Additionally, we focus on the role of probiotic species in modulating ROS-mediated signaling pathways that influence both oxidative status and inflammation, such as Nrf2-Keap1, NF-κB, and NLRP3 to mitigate carcinogenesis. Overall, a deeper understanding of the role of gut microbiota on oxidative stress may aid in delaying or preventing the onset of CRC and offer new avenues for adjunct, CRC-specific therapeutic interventions such as cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the transformative potential of fourth industrial revolution (called Industry 4.0) technologies in the context of poverty elimination, with a particular focus on Africa. Given the multidimensional nature of poverty, which spans economic, social, and environmental aspects, there is a critical need for innovative and sustainable solutions. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review to identify how recent advancements, such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, blockchain, big data, and 5G can be harnessed to address various facets of poverty. Drawing on insights from existing research and expert opinions, we propose a conceptual framework that integrates these technologies with strategic policy interventions, infrastructure development, and capacity building. The paper proposes a framework that illustrates the prerequisite requirements before adopting Industry 4.0 technologies in poverty elimination efforts. This framework aims to ensure that the benefits of technological innovations are accessible to the most vulnerable populations, thereby contributing to the broader goals of socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. The work shows that while Industry 4.0 presents a critical opportunity for sustainable development and poverty elimination in Africa, it needs to have essential capacities to optimize the use of observations, visualizations, and mindset management before or when adopting the first stage of Industry 4.0 solutions for poverty elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endophytic fungi can be used as a source of herbal antioxidants to overcome the limitations of low yield and lengthy growth cycles associated with using plants as raw materials for antioxidant production. Papaya fruit is often susceptible to infection by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides after harvest, leading to postharvest rot. Endophytic fungi were extracted with ethyl acetate, and the initial screening concentration was 100 mg/L. Seven strains were identified, with scavenging rates exceeding 50% and strong antioxidant activity. The IC50 values in DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays ranged from 19.72 to 84.06 mg/L and from 14.34 to 64.63 mg/L, respectively. Strain Y17 exhibited robust antioxidant activity (IC50 < 20 mg/L) and was identified as Penicillium rolfsii (MT729953) through ITS sequencing. Treatment of papaya fruit wounds with a fermentation broth of strain Y17 significantly inhibited the infection and colonization of anthracnose pathogens, resulting in a slowed disease incidence rate. This promoted the activity of protective enzymes, such as CAT, POD, and SOD, in the papaya fruit and slowed down the rate of MDA accumulation. This strain, which was found to have antioxidant activity in this study, has the potential to control anthracnose in papaya and has value in terms of further development and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic pressures such as over-urbanization, intensive agriculture/forestry practices, and the development of energy farms alter natural landscapes. Intensive urban development poses the greatest threat to natural ecosystems. Habitat degradation, fragmentation, and loss are among the key factors behind the current rise of biodiversity loss. In this study, we hypothesized that urbanization advances the adaptation of forest bird populations to relatively new urban ecosystems. The study was conducted in Kaunas, Lithuania, located in Eastern Europe. Genetic samples were collected in the city, representing urban landscapes, and its surrounding forests. In total, 160 nest boxes were erected, of which 80 were placed in the urban areas and 80 in the forests. Using a set of microsatellite markers, we investigated the genetic differentiation, genetic diversity, gene flow, and population structure of two common forest bird species of the Paridae family, the great tit (Parus major) and blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), in forests and urbanized areas. We observed low but significant differences between urban and forest great tit and blue tit populations, proving relatively high population genetic diversity. We determined that cities' spatial structure and fragmented natural habitats can influence the formation of small and isolated bird populations (subpopulations). Urban blue tits had higher genetic differentiation and a higher tendency to form subpopulations. In conclusion, forest birds can inhabit urbanized landscapes but both great tits and blue tits respond differently to urbanization-related changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional food printing (3DFP) has now emerged as the new paradigm shift in culinary arts and is leading to a dramatic transformation of traditional cuisine. This paper aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature associated with 3DFP research. In the Scopus database, an initial search provided 2188 documents. Applying the PRISMA criteria reduced these documents by narrowing the research to 545 articles. The bibliometric analysis confirmed the growth of research interest in the topic over the past ten years, demonstrating a substantial rise in publications between 2021 and 2023. We also investigated major journals and authors who play the most significant role in the field. The study also provides insight into how 3DFP is applied to deliver delicious, healthy, and visually appealing meals and mitigate food waste. It also highlights and strengthens the argument for design possibilities to manufacture such shapes and include other raw materials. This bibliometric analysis not only visualizes 3DFP's research trend but also provides future research directions, focusing on its role in the food industry and gastronomy as well as its contribution to sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The development of HER2-inhibitors for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer represented a breakthrough in targeted tumor therapy. However, as for other targeted therapeutics, drug resistance remains a serious challenge to the treatment of HER2+ BC. Recent research has identified critical biomarkers for HER2-inhibitor resistance and explored more effective treatment regimens in HER2+ breast cancer to overcome drug resistance; however, research on several potential biomarkers and promising alternative therapies remains incomplete. HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, including breast, lung, gastric, and pancreatic cancers. Its amplification is linked to poor clinical outcomes. At the genetic level, HER2 is encoded by the ERBB2 gene (v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2), which is frequently mutated or amplified in cancers, thus spurring extensive research into HER2 modulation and inhibition as viable anti-cancer strategies. An impressive body of FDA-approved drugs, including anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), and HER2-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have demonstrated success in enhancing overall survival (OS) and disease progression-free survival (PFS). Yet, drug resistance remains a persistent challenge and raises the risks of metastatic potential and tumor relapse. Research into alternative therapeutic options for HER2+ breast cancer therefore proves critical for adapting to this ever-evolving landscape. This review highlights current HER2-targeted therapies, discusses predictive biomarkers for drug resistance, and introduces promising emergent therapies—especially combination therapies—that are aimed at overcoming drug resistance in the context of HER2+ breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the commutation transients of MOSFET and GaN FET devices in motor drive applications during hard-switching and soft-switching commutations at dead time operation. This study compares the switching behaviors of MOSFETs and GaN FETs, focusing on their performance during dead time in inverter legs for voltage source inverters. Experimental tests at various phase current levels reveal distinct switching characteristics and energy dissipation patterns. A validated simulation model estimates the experimental energy exchanged and dissipated during switching transients. The results demonstrate that GaN FETs exhibit lower overall losses at shorter dead times compared to MOSFETs, despite higher reverse conduction voltage drops. The study provides a quantitative framework for selecting optimal dead times to minimize energy losses, enhancing the efficiency of GaN FET-based inverters in low-voltage motor drive applications. Finally, a dead time optimization strategy is proposed and described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growth of the worldwide population and depletion of natural resources, the sustainable development of food systems cannot be ignored. The demand for agri-food waste valorization practices like high-value compounds production has received widespread attention; however, numerous challenges still exist. The present study aims to identify those challenges of agri-food waste valorization and propose effective solutions based on smart technologies. Based on a systematic review of the literature, the study combs existing challenges of agri-food waste valorization and constructs a six-dimension conceptual model of agri-food waste valorization challenges. Moreover, the study integrates a Fermatean fuzzy set (FFS) with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods including stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA), decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory-interpretative structural modeling method (DEMATEL-ISM), and quality function deployment (QFD) to evaluate the weights of each dimension, find causal interrelationships among the challenges and fundamental ones, and rank the potential smart solutions. Finally, the results indicate that the "Government" dimension is the severest challenge and point out five primary challenges in agri-food waste valorization. The most potential smart solution is the "Facilitating connectivity and information sharing between supply chain members (S8)", which may help government and related practitioners manage agri-food waste efficiently and also facilitate circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) have attracted widespread concern due to their environmental persistence and potential toxicity. This study aims to examine the association between BFRs exposure and hypertension. Methods: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005 to 2016 for the cross-sectional analysis. To evaluate the individual and combined impacts of BFRs exposure on hypertension, we utilized multivariate models, including generalized additive models, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. Results: 9882 individuals (48% male) aged ≥ 20 were included in the final analysis, of whom 4114 had hypertension. After controlling for potential covariates, higher serum concentrations of PBDE100 (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.57) and PBDE153 (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.88) were significantly associated with hypertension. A nonlinear relationship between PBDE28 and hypertension was observed (P = 0.03). Moreover, BFRs mixture were positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension in both the WQS (β:1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17; P = 0.02) and BKMR models. Conclusion: Our study suggested that BFRs exposure is positively associated with hypertension in the general population. To confirm this association and elucidate the mechanisms, further research is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit juices can be enriched with plant extracts to enhance the nutritional and biological value of the product. Plant extracts are rich sources of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols with potential health benefits for consumers. In the present study, alginate microcapsules containing Eryngium billardieri (EB) extract (derived from aerial parts) were prepared and incorporated into apple juice. EB extract as nonencapsulated (NE), encapsulated (E) in microcapsules, and the combination of nonencapsulated + encapsulated (NE + E) at different concentrations of 1, 3, and 5% (w/v) were added to apple juice. These sample groups were stored at 4°C, and quality characteristics were evaluated for 21 days with a week of regular intervals. The results showed that the prepared microcapsules were spherical shaped with a size of 150–170 μm. The highest (75.12%) and the lowest (70.63%) encapsulation efficiency (EE) on the first day of storage were obtained in microcapsules containing 5% and 1% extract, respectively. EE decreased during storage time, and the lowest EE (65.25%) was observed in samples with 1% extract on day 21. Incorporation of E and NE + E extract improved total anthocyanin, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of apple juice due to the protective effects of the encapsulation on polyphenol compounds in the extract. After 21 days of storage, the highest (10.21%) and the lowest (5.85%) ascorbic acid contents were observed in samples with 5% NE + E t and control samples, respectively. Addition of EB extract to apple juice prevented the growth of yeasts and molds till day 7, and encapsulation of extract could enhance inhibitory activity. In terms of sensory acceptability, apple juices containing encapsulated extract received higher scores by panelists as a result of masking the unpleasant color and flavor of the extract. These results indicate that the application of EB microcapsules has potential for use in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About one-third of the global food supply is wasted. Brewers' spent grain (BSG), being produced in enormous amounts by the brewery industry, possesses an eminence nutritional profile, yet its recycling is often neglected for multiple reasons. We employed integrated metagenomics and metabolomics techniques to assess the effects of enzyme treatments and Lactobacillus fermentation on the antioxidant capacity of BSG. The biotreated BSG revealed improved antioxidant capability, as evidenced by significantly increased (p < 0.05) radical scavenging activity and flavonoid and polyphenol content. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that Lactobacillus fermentation led to the prominent synthesis (p < 0.05) of 15 novel antioxidant peptides, as well as significantly higher (p < 0.05) enrichment of isoflavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. The correlation analysis demonstrated that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited strong correlation (p < 0.05) with aucubin and carbohydrate-active enzymes, namely, glycoside hydrolases 25, glycosyl transferases 5, and carbohydrate esterases 9. The fermented BSG has potential applications in the food industry as a culture medium, a functional food component for human consumption, and a bioactive feed ingredient for animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer is the second important cause of cancer-related adults that mostly affects female. There are different diagnostic methods for detecting breast lesions, the specificity and sensitivity of which are very important in identifying multifocal lesions, since very few studies have been done on this issue so far, this study was done with the aims to Comparison identifying imaging diagnosis methods in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The current systematic review was done based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observationally Studies in Epidemiology and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. The primary keywords were published in reliable databases such as Pubmed, Elsevier, SID, Wiley in English were searched until the end of 2022. Two authors independently examined the articles in terms of data extraction, inclusion criteria, and quality assessment of the articles. Results: The age range from 496 samples was 57.3. Using the results of 5 published articles for MG and CESM, the overall specificity and sensitivity were 89% and 85%, respectively and for MRI, the overall specificity and sensitivity were 81% and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: The MRI method is the most sensitive tool for diagnosing BC in patients, but if a combination of new methods is used together, we will definitely achieve better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogenic polyamines are ubiquitous compounds. Dysregulation of their metabolism is associated with the development of various pathologies, including cancer, hyperproliferative diseases, and infections. The canonical pathway of polyamine catabolism includes acetylation of spermine and spermidine and subsequent acetylpolyamine oxidase (PAOX)-mediated oxidation of acetylpolyamines (back-conversion) or their direct efflux from the cell. PAOX is considered to catalyze a non-rate-limiting catabolic step. Here, we show that PAOX transcription levels are extremely low in various tumor- and non-tumor cell lines and, in most cases, do not change in response to altered polyamine metabolism. Its enzymatic activity is undetectable in the majority of cell lines except for neuroblastoma and low passage glioblastoma cell lines. Treatment of A549 cells with N1,N11-diethylnorspermine leads to PAOX induction, but its contribution to polyamine catabolism remains moderate. We also describe two alternative enzyme isoforms and show that isoform 4 has diminished oxidase activity and isoform 2 is inactive. PAOX overexpression correlates with the resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic antitumor drugs, indicating that PAOX may be a useful therapeutic target. Finally, PAOX is dispensable for the replication of various viruses. These data suggest that a decrease in polyamine levels is achieved predominantly by the secretion of acetylated spermine and spermidine rather than by back-conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Derived from industrial processing waste, peanut skins contain polyphenols that delay oxidative food spoilage. However, these compounds are susceptible to light, heat, and oxygen exposure. Microencapsulation provides a solution by offering protection from these factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of peanut skin extract microcapsules on the chemical, microbiological, and sensory property and shelf life of sunflower seeds during storage. Five roasted sunflower seed samples were prepared: control (S‐C); added with butylhydroxytoluene (S‐BHT); coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (S‐CMC); coated with CMC and the addition of peanut skin crude extract (S‐CMC‐CE); coated with CMC and the addition of microcapsules (S‐CMC‐M20). Sensory acceptability was determined using hedonic testing. Chemical (peroxide value, conjugated dienes, hexanal and nonanal content, and fatty acid profile), microbiological, and descriptive analyses were carried out on samples stored for 45 days at room temperature. Shelf life was calculated using a simple linear regression. All samples were microbiologically fit for human consumption and accepted by consumer panelists, scoring above five points on the nine‐point hedonic scale. S‐CMC‐M20 exhibited the lowest peroxide value (6.59 meqO2/kg) and hexanal content (0.4 µg/g) at the end of the storage. Estimated shelf life showed that S‐MC‐M20 (76.3 days) extended its duration nearly ninefold compared to S‐C (8.3 days) and doubled that of S‐CMC‐CE (37.5 days). This indicates a superior efficacy of microencapsulated extract compared to its unencapsulated form, presenting a promising natural strategy for improving the shelf life of analogous food items. Practical Application: Incorporating peanut skin extract microcapsules in coating sunflower seeds presents a promising strategy to extend the shelf life of lipid‐rich foods, capitalizing on the antioxidant properties of polyphenols. This innovative approach not only enhances nutritional quality but also addresses sustainability concerns by repurposing agro‐industrial byproducts, such as peanut skins. By meeting consumer demand for functional foods with added health benefits, this technique offers potential opportunities for the development of novel, value‐added food products while contributing to circular economy principles and waste management efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus aurantium fruit peel is a substantial source of polyphenols and flavonoids. An ultrasound-assisted procedure was used in this work for the extraction of these compounds from Citrus aurantium peels and additional steps of purification were carried out to yield flavonoid-enriched extract. Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to obtain a flavonoid-enriched extract with the highest yields of polyphenols and flavonoids and the lowest yield of tannins. The optimal conditions of extraction were a solid-to-liquid ratio of 2.4 g/100 mL, an acetone concentration of 80%, and a sonication time of 34.7 min, yielding an extract with polyphenols yield of 33.76 ± 5.63 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of dry matter (DM), flavonoids yield of 75.50 ± 5.59 mg of naringin equivalent per g of DM, and tannins yield of 19.85 ± 1.67 mg of tannic acid equivalent per g of DM. The optimized extract exhibited significantly higher yields of polyphenols and flavonoids along with a greater DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 30.7 ± 3.21 µg/mL) than the conventional extract prepared by maceration instead of UAE. These results prove the usefulness of UAE as an efficient and time-saving technique for the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids from C. aurantium peel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts a comprehensive review following the PRISMA methodology to explore the evolution and necessity of quality management in the era of Society 5.0, covering publications from 2017 to 2022. Through a meticulous process involving planning, conducting and reporting the review, along with a theory-driven selection and analysis of content, it aims to construct a theoretical model for quality management in Society 5.0. This model underscores the integration of quality management with Society 5.0's principles, focusing on human-centric technological advancement and addressing social challenges to enhance life quality. The findings reveal a framework that could drive the transition to Society 5.0 by leveraging key inputs for tangible outcomes. The paper's originality lies in its in-depth analysis and the proposed model's potential to guide industries and governments towards sustainable development in the context of Society 5.0, marking a valuable contribution to future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ZnMn2O4/V2CTx composites with a lamellar rod-like bond structure were successfully synthesized through high-temperature calcination at 300 °C, aiming to enhance the Li storage properties of spinel-type ZnMn2O4 anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, even though the electrode of the composites obtained at 300 °C had a nominal specific capacity of 100 mAh g−1, it exhibited an impressive specific discharge capacity of 163 mAh g−1 after undergoing 100 cycles. This represents an approximate increase of 64% compared to that observed in the pure ZnMn2O4 electrode (99.5 mAh g−1). The remarkable performance of the composite can be credited to the collaborative impact between ZnMn2O4 and V2CTx, leading to a substantial improvement in its lithium ion storage capacity. Therefore, this study offers valuable insights into developing cost-effective, safe, and easily prepared anode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirocyclic scaffolds have received increasing interest because of their wide use in medicinal chemistry and the need for designing new effective drugs on their basis. Electroorganic synthesis is an environmentally friendly method for the preparation of organic compounds because hazardous and toxic redox reagents are replaced by electric current and the overall energy costs are reduced. Modern methods for the electrosynthesis of spiro compounds and the prospects of their development are analyzed. The review summarizes the data on the types of electrochemical and electrocatalytic methods. The potential practical applications of these methods for the preparation of individual classes of spirocycles are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in vegetable consumption has underlined the importance of minimizing the risks associated with microbiological contamination of fresh produce. The critical stage of the vegetable washing process has proven to be a key point for cross-contamination and the persistence of pathogens. In this context, the agri-food industry has widely adopted the use of disinfectants to reduce the bacterial load in the wash water. Therefore, we conducted laboratory-scale experiments in order to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of disinfectants used in the wash tank of agro-food industries. Different wash water matrices of shredded lettuce, shredded cabbage, diced onion, and baby spinach were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), and per-oxyacetic acid (PAA) at recommended concentrations. To simulate the presence of pathogenic bacteria, a cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated into the process water samples (PWW) to determine whether concentrations of disinfectants inhibit the pathogen or bring it to a viable non-culturable state (VBNC). Hereby, we used quantitative qPCR combined with different photo-reactive dyes such as ethidium monoazide (EMA) and propidium monoazide (PMA). The results indicated that concentrations superior to 20 ppm NaClO inhibit the pathogen E. coli O157:H7 artificially inoculated in the process water. Concentrations between 10–20 ppm ClO2 fail to induce the pathogen to the VBNC state. At concentrations of 80 ppm PAA, levels of culturable bacteria and VBNC of E. coli O157:H7 were detected in all PWWs regardless of the matrix. Subsequently, this indicates that the recommended concentrations of ClO2 and PAA for use in the fresh produce industry wash tank do not inhibit the levels of E. coli O157:H7 present in the wash water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews the application of artificial intelligence (AI) throughout the food value chain and how it can be leveraged to help companies become more sustainable. A literature review across different parts of the food value chain was conducted to provide an overview of the main themes of current and future AI applications throughout the food industry. Moreover, the paper focuses on the benefits and challenges of change management when integrating AI. A documentary Systematic Review using PRISMA research was conducted to find and analyze the aforementioned applications. The key insight is that change progress varies significantly. Today's applications are primarily found within food inspection and quality assurance due to relatively straightforward AI applications in the value chain. Such technology is mainly image-based. Companies can use the interconnectedness of AI and sustainability by becoming more efficient through AI and simultaneously saving emissions and resources through optimizing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Patients with cancer are at high risk of blood clots in the arteries, leading to complications, such as stroke and heart attack. In this review, we discuss the risk factors associated with arterial blood clots in cancer patients, provide explanations on the cause of the arterial blood clots, and report on the current strategies for the prevention and treatment of arterial blood clots in cancer patients. Patients with cancer are at increased risk of arterial thromboembolic disease due to the presence of risk factors common to both the development of cancer and arterial thrombosis, the cancer itself, and the treatments provided to treat cancer. We review here the epidemiology and pathophysiology of arterial thromboembolic disease in cancer, along with its prevention and treatment strategies. We also propose a generalized approach for the management of arterial thromboembolic disease in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prominence of climate change, geopolitical crises, and global economic slowdown highlights the challenges and structural deficiencies of traditional cross-border agro-food supply chains. As a result, there has been a growing consensus on the need to leverage digital technology to rebuild and innovate a safe, stable, and sustainable global food system. This study assessed the knowledge progress and development trends in the sustainable development of cross-border agro-food supply chains enabled by digital technology. A total of 352 authoritative papers from the core Web of Science database were selected for analysis. The Citespace tool was utilized to visually examine research elements. The findings reveal that research outcomes in this territory experienced a significant period of rapid growth, particularly after 2020. Sustainability and IEEE Access are the journals with the highest and second-highest number of publications. China and the France National Institute are the countries and research institutions with the largest number of publications in this field. The research hotspots are mainly the application of digital technologies, food safety, and supply chain system model innovation. In the past ten years, the research in this territory has gone through three stages: precise timeliness orientation, intelligent strategic decision-making orientation, and model predictability orientation. We further construct the 'antecedent–practice–performance' conceptual framework of the sustainability of the digital technology-enabled cross-border agro-food supply chain. Finally, this paper presents the potential research directions in this territory, focusing on four aspects: research method, research mechanism, research topic, and research frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High thermostability and catalytic efficiency of α-amylase are required for the industrial applications. To improve catalytic parameters including Michaelis constant, maximum velocity, turnover number, enzyme half-life, and the catalytic efficiency of α-amylase, it was treated alone and/or simultaneously with Ca2+ ions (12.5 and 25 mM) and/or ultrasound (USN) (64.5 W, 25 + 40 kHz). The structural analysis of the enzyme (the enzyme's secondary structure and conformation) was carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. Moreover, the thermal properties of the enzyme were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). USN + 12.5 mM Ca2+ and 25 mM Ca2+, changed the maximum velocity (+ 6.5% and + 37.4%), turnover number (+ 6.6% and + 38.2%), enzyme half-life (+ 51.6% and + 113.7%), and catalytic efficiency (+ 18.1% and -3.3%) of α-amylase. The energy barriers of thermo-inactivation and inactivation enthalpy of α-amylase exposed to USN + 25 mM Ca2+ were increased by 25% and 5.8%, respectively, without affecting entropy of inactivation, showing how enzyme's thermal stability was improved after the treatments. The increase in midpoint temperature (35%) and α-helix (14%) values as well as the decrease in the β-sheet structure (39%) of the α-amylase after applying USN + Ca2+ (25 mM) confirmed the thermal stability enhancement of α-amylase after the treatment compared to control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oleogels, characterized by their semisolid matrix formed from liquid oil structured by gelators, are emerging as a pivotal innovation in food formulation, primarily due to their capacity to enhance the nutritional profile of products by incorporating healthier fats. This review explored the integration of oleogels into diverse food matrices, examining their impact on texture, mouthfeel, and overall sensory characteristics. Through an extensive analysis of current research, this paper illustrates the versatility of oleogels created with a variety of structuring agents across different food applications. It also addresses the challenges inherent in the use of oleogels, including the preservation of their stability and consistency through varying storage and processing conditions, navigating the regulatory landscape concerning oleogelator safety and acceptability, and confronting higher production costs. Overall, this comprehensive review highlights the potential of oleogels as a promising tool for achieving desirable textural and sensory attributes in food products while also identifying areas for future research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been worldwide growth in consumer nutrition awareness, which has resulted in a market-driven increase in the demand for "functional food", which, in addition to traditional nutrients, also contains ingredients with specific properties that have a beneficial effect on human health. One of the types of functional food is so-called "probiotic food", which includes, for example, frozen desserts. These products appear attractive to the consumer because of their sensory, nutritional and refreshing qualities. Due to progress in science, genetics, the acquisition of new sources of probiotic microorganisms and new plant varieties, the beneficial effects of the characteristic metabolites of the microbiome—so-called postbiotics—and also aspects of NGPs (Next Generation Probiotics), work is under way to optimize the technology used during the production of such products. At the same time, there is an observed market-based increase in the supply of new formulations based only on plant-origin materials with different technological modifications, including prebiotic enrichment, which allows for the production of a synbiotic product. Therefore, the objective of this study is a narrative review, in combination with the authors' own experiments, concerning the impact of various factors on functional, plant-origin frozen desserts, from the point of view of maintaining their quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]