319 results on '"Evrard, O."'
Search Results
102. Rainfall erosivity in subtropical catchments and implications for erosion and particle-bound contaminant transfer: a case-study of the Fukushima region
- Author
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Laceby, J. P., primary, Chartin, C., additional, Evrard, O., additional, Onda, Y., additional, Garcia-Sanchez, L., additional, and Cerdan, O., additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. Terre, portrait d'une planète: 2ème édition française
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Marshak, Stephen, Evrard, O., Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), De Boeck Supérieur, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology - Abstract
International audience; Nouvelle édition de cet ouvrage de référence en sciences de la Terre. Pédagogique et richement illustré, il permet de comprendre l'origine de la Terre, la diversité de ses ressources et de ses paysages, et aussi d'appréhender les défis futurs.Pédagogique et richement illustré, Terre, Portrait d'une planète permet de comprendre l'origine de la Terre, la diversité de ses ressources et de ses paysages, mais aussi de retracer son passé et de mieux appréhender les défis à venir pour la planète. Chaque chapitre s'articule autour de deux théories-clef qui ont émergé en sciences de la Terre au XXème siècle, c'est-à-dire la tectonique des plaques et le concept de système Terre caractérisé par des interactions complexes entre le milieu physique et la vie.Chaque chapitre propose ainsi un Géotour qui utilise Google Earth pour emmener le lecteur autour du monde et illustrer les notions abordées par des exemples concrets et visibles en « direct ». Le lecteur est également invité à se poser des questions (Géopuzzle) et à faire des liens avec sa vie de tous les jours. L'ouvrage permet aussi d'aller plus loin pour ceux qui désirent approfondir certaines notions, grâce à de nombreux encadrés thématiques.Terre, Portrait d'une planète est une référence inédite en français, il se démarque des autres ouvrages par son approche didactique et la présence de centaines d'illustrations issues du monde entier et de nombreux schémas et graphiques explicatifs. La quatrième édition américaine a fait l'objet d'une mise à jour minutieuse de la part de son auteur. Il traite ainsi de catastrophes naturelles récentes (comme le séisme qui a durement affecté Haïti en 2010, ou encore le tsunami et l'accident nucléaire qui ont frappé le Japon en mars 2011). Il intègre également une présentation des enjeux liés à l'exploitation du gaz de schiste.
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- 2010
104. Estimation of erosion and sediment export from an agricultural catchment (1960 – 2000) confronting the outputs of an expert-based model and Cs-137 inventories
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Evrard, O., Nord, Guillaume, Cerdan, Olivier, Souchere, Veronique, Le Bissonnais, Yves, Bonté, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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normandie ,sédiment ,remembrement ,Geography ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,utilisation du territoire ,HYDROLOGIE ,érosion ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,modèle ,spatialisation ,bassin versant ,environnement ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,europe ,eau de ruissellement ,saison ,Géographie ,france - Abstract
International audience; Soil erosion leads to important environmental problems (e.g. muddy floods, reservoir sedimentation) in cultivated areas of the European loess belt. This study aimed to quantify erosion and to determine the impact of rainfall seasonality and land use change on soil erosion over the last 40 years in a 94-ha cultivated catchment of Nor-mandy (France). To this end, scenarios representative of the different land use conditions were simulated using the STREAM expert-based erosion model. A 13-yrs long sequence of rainfall events was run with this model. Results showed that erosion increased dramatically after land consolidation (+168% on average). Interannual variability of erosion is important. After land consolidation, 79% of erosion was observed in summer and autumn, even though these seasons only accounted for 58% of annual rainfall kinetic energy. The bulk of erosion was hence produced by a few intense thunderstorms during this period. Thunderstorms correspond to 5% of rainfall events, but they generate 51% of total annual erosion after land consolidation (and up to 57% of erosion before land consolidation). Confrontation of the model outputs with the erosion rates derived from Cs-137 measurements suggested that soil redistribution within the catchment was very high but that sediment exports from the catchment remained limited (sediment delivery ratio between 1-10%). Erosion rates derived from Cs-137 measurements showed an important and organised spatial variability, but erosion rates integrated over larger areas remained in the same order of magnitude than those simulated by the model or were slightly higher. Water erosion would hence not be the only process generating erosion within this catchment. In this context, tillage erosion cannot be neglected to calculate the sediment budget over several decades. These findings show the necessity to simulate sequences of rainfall events to obtain reliable erosion predictions. They also demonstrate the interest of developping expert-based models simulating both water and tillage erosion at the catchment scale to conduct erosion studies over several decades.
- Published
- 2010
105. Estimation of erosion and sediment export from an agricultural catchment
- Author
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Evrard, O., Guillaume Nord, Olivier Cerdan, Véronique Souchère, Yves Le Bissonnais, Philippe Bonté, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), EGU, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environment Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
HYDROLOGIE ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Soil erosion leads to important environmental problems (e.g. muddy floods, reservoir sedimentation) in cultivated areas of the European loess belt. This study aimed to quantify erosion and to determine the impact of rainfall seasonality and land use change on soil erosion over the last 40 years in a 94-ha cultivated catchment of Normandy (France). To this end, scenarios representative of the different land use conditions were simulated using the STREAM expert-based erosion model. A 13-yrs long sequence of rainfall events was run with this model. Results showed that erosion increased dramatically after land consolidation (+168% on average). Interannual variability of erosion is important. After land consolidation, 79% of erosion was observed in summer and autumn, even though these seasons only accounted for 58% of annual rainfall kinetic energy. The bulk of erosion was hence produced by a few intense thunderstorms during this period. Thunderstorms correspond to 5% of rainfall events, but they generate 51% of total annual erosion after land consolidation (and up to 57% of erosion before land consolidation). Confrontation of the model outputs with the erosion rates derived from Cs-137 measurements suggested that soil redistribution within the catchment was very high but that sediment exports from the catchment remained limited (sediment delivery ratio between 1 – 10%). Erosion rates derived from Cs-137 measurements showed an important and organised spatial variability, but erosion rates integrated over larger areas remained in the same order of magnitude than those simulated by the model or were slightly higher. Water erosion would hence not be the only process generating erosion within this catchment. In this context, tillage erosion cannot be neglected to calculate the sediment budget over several decades. These findings show the necessity to simulate sequences of rainfall events to obtain reliable erosion predictions. They also demonstrate the interest of developping expert-based models simulating both water and tillage erosion at the catchment scale to conduct erosion studies over several decades.
- Published
- 2010
106. Tracking the origin and dispersion of contaminated sediments transported by rivers draining the Fukushima radioactive contaminant plume
- Author
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Lepage, H., primary, Evrard, O., additional, Onda, Y., additional, Chartin, C., additional, Lefevre, I., additional, Sophie, A., additional, and Bonte, P., additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
107. Sources and export of particle-borne organic matter during a monsoon flood in a catchment of northern Laos
- Author
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Gourdin, E., primary, Huon, S., additional, Evrard, O., additional, Ribolzi, O., additional, Bariac, T., additional, Sengtaheuanghoung, O., additional, and Ayrault, S., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
108. Seasonal variability of suspended sediment transport in the Seine river catchment area (France)
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Christine Franke, Baati, S., Ayrault, S., Philippe Bonté, Evrard, O., Kissel, C., Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
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[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology - Abstract
International audience; This study consists in an innovative application of environmental physico-chemical techniques on fluvial sediments with the aim to trace the seasonal changes in suspended sediment transport of the complex Seine river catchment area in northern France. The aim of this project is to develop a detailed understanding for the discrimination of naturally triggered and anthropogenic induced processes and their temporal changes with weather conditions. With a focus on the heavy metal fraction, we determine the regional distribution of the suspended material and search for environmental fingerprints demonstrating the influence of fluvial transport mechanisms, changes in concentration related to discharge variations or different sediment sources, and in-situ alteration caused by variations in the geochemical conditions (oxy-redox, pH, Eh, etc.). To achieve these goals, we apply a combination of straightforward rock magnetic hysteresis measurements (performed using an AGM2900 at the LSCE) and advanced scanning electron microscopy analyses (SEM). This interdisciplinary approach allows refining the detailed analysis of sediment trap samples, originating from Tessier et al. (2003), as recently shown by Franke et al. (2009). In our preliminary results, we observe a general increase in magnetic concentrations from summer to winter conditions, coupled with a magneto-mineralogic change to rather reduced metallic mineral phases. However, each riversection of the Seine system shows its specific trend line depending on the regional initial input, weathering conditions, drainage area and potential pollution sources. A systematic analysis of the detailed results will allow highlighting the climatic/seasonal influence on the metallic particle assembly.
- Published
- 2010
109. Spatial and temporal dynamics of sediment in contrasted mountainous watersheds (Mexican transverse volcanic axis and French Southern Alps) combining river gauging, elemental geochemistry and fallout radionuclides
- Author
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Evrard, O., Navratil, O., Gratiot, Nicolas, Némery, Julien, Duvert, Clément, Ayrault, Sophie, Lefèvre, Irène, Esteves, Michel, Bonté, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-BLAN-0379,STREAMS,Sediment Transport and Erosion Across Mountains(2006), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
International audience; In mountainous environments, an excessive sediment supply to the rivers typically leads to an increase in water turbidity, pollution and a rapid filling of reservoirs. This situation is particularly problematic in regions where reservoirs are used to provide drinking water to large cities (e.g. in central Mexico) or where stream water is used to run hydroelectric power plants (e.g. in the French Southern Alps). Sediment source areas need first to be delineated and sediment fluxes between hillslopes and the river system must be better understood to implement efficient erosion control measures. In this context, the STREAMS (« Sediment Transport and Erosion Across MountainS ») project funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) aims at understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of sediment at the scale of mountainous watersheds (between 500 – 1000 km2) located in contrasted environments. This 4-years study is carried out simultaneously in a volcanic watershed located in the Mexican transverse volcanic axis undergoing a sub-humid tropical climate, as well as in a sedimentary watershed of the French Southern Alps undergoing a transitional climate with Mediterranean and continental influences. One of the main specificities of this project consists in combining traditional monitoring techniques (i.e. installation of river gauges and sediment samplers in several sub-catchments) and sediment fingerprinting using elemental geochemistry (measured by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis – INAA – and Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry – ICP-MS) and fallout radionuclides (measured by gamma spectrometry). In the French watershed, geochemical analysis allows outlining different sediment sources (e.g. the contribution of calcareous vs. marl-covered sub-catchments). Radionuclide ratios (e.g. Cs-137/Be-7) allow identifying the dominant erosion processes occurring within the watershed. Areas mostly affected by gully erosion, rill or sheet erosion have been delineated. Furthermore, the measurement of radionuclide content in suspended sediment after the snowmelt suggests that most of this sediment consists in resuspended material rather than on newly eroded soil. In the Mexican watershed, a different contribution of andosols and acrisols to erosion is suspected. Overall, the bulk of erosion is generated by rather small areas of the watershed. In this region characterised by a succession of wet and dry seasons, the Be-7 content in rainfall and sediment has been measured at the scale of a 2.5-km2 sub-watershed in order to better understand the erosion transfer between hillslopes and rivers during the wet season. This outlines the contribution of individual storms to seasonal erosion. Overall, this study brings important insights about sediment sources and fluxes within these watersheds located in contrasted environments. A further step consists in comparing experimental results with model outputs, and to evaluate the impact of on-going erosion mitigation measures.
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- 2009
110. Les inondations boueuses dans la région limoneuse belge: Problèmes et solutions
- Author
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Evrard, O., Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Fonds pour la formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et l'Agriculture (FRIA), Fonds national de la recherche scientifique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bas van Wesemael, Charles L. Bielders, UCL - SC/GEO - Département de géologie et de géographie, van Wesemael, Bas, Bielders, Charles, Lambin, Eric, Vandaele, Karel, Vanacker, Veerle, and Cerdan, Olivier
- Subjects
Production sédimentaire ,Modélisation hydrologique ,Inondations boueuses ,Contrôle du ruissellement ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Runoff control ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,Catchment ,Ceinture loessique belge ,Muddy floods ,Belgian loess belt ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Hydrological modelling ,Bassin-versant ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Sediment delivery ,Coulées de boue - Abstract
The first part of this thesis aims at defining the conditions triggering muddy floods in the Belgian loess belt. On average, each municipality is confronted with 3.6 muddy floods each year. Annual costs associated with their off-site impacts are estimated at € 16-172 millions for the entire Belgian loess belt. A topographic threshold is derived to predict the source areas of muddy floods. Furthermore, the storms required to produce a flood are, on average, smaller in May and June (25 mm) than between July and September (46 mm). This difference is explained by the variability of soil surface characteristics that determine the runoff potential of cultivated soils (soil cover by crops and residues, soil surface crusting and roughness). Steady state infiltration rates of cropland and grassed areas were characterised in the field using a 0.5 m2-portable rainfall simulator. Overall, grassed areas have a lower infiltration rate (16-23 mm h-1) than croplands (25-52 mm h-1). Muddy floods are mostly observed between May-September because of the coincidence of critical soil surface conditions for runoff generation with the most erosive storms. After an adaptation of its decision rules to the local conditions, the STREAM expert-based model provides satisfactory runoff/erosion predictions at the catchment scale. The second part of the thesis aims at evaluating the effectiveness of measures to control muddy floods. A modelling case-study showed that peak discharge was reduced by more than 40% by installing a grassed waterway and a dam at the outlet of a 300 ha-catchment. Monitoring the same catchment (2002-2007) demonstrated that the grassed waterway as well as three dams prevented any muddy flood in the downstream village despite the occurrence of several extreme storms (with a maximum return period of 150 years). Peak discharge was reduced by 69%. Specific sediment yield dropped from 3.5 t ha-1 yr-1 to a mean of 0.5 t ha-1 yr-1 after the installation of the control measures, thereby reducing drastically sediment transfer to the alluvial plain. Finally, a methodology is provided to implement grassed waterways and earthen dams in other dry valleys in the Belgian loess belt and comparable environments.; La première partie de cette thèse vise à définir les conditions déclenchant les inondations boueuses dans la ceinture lœssique belge. En moyenne, chaque municipalité est confrontée à 3,6 inondations boueuses chaque année. Les coûts annuels associés à leurs impacts sont estimés à 16-172 millions d'euros pour l'ensemble de la ceinture lœssique. Un seuil topographique est calculé pour prévoir les zones sources des inondations boueuses. En outre, les pluies nécessaires pour produire une inondation sont, en moyenne, plus faibles en mai et juin (25 mm) qu'entre juillet et septembre (46 mm). Cette différence s'explique par la variabilité des caractéristiques de la surface des sols qui déterminent le potentiel de ruissellement des sols cultivés (couverture du sol par les cultures et les résidus, encroûtement et rugosité de la surface du sol). Les taux d'infiltration des terres cultivées et des zones enherbées ont été caractérisés sur le terrain à l'aide d'un simulateur de pluie portable de 0,5 m2. Dans l'ensemble, les zones enherbées ont un taux d'infiltration plus faible (16-23 mm h-1) que les terres cultivées (25-52 mm h-1). Les inondations boueuses sont surtout observées entre mai et septembre en raison de la coïncidence des conditions critiques de la surface du sol pour la production de ruissellement et de l'occurrence des pluies les plus érosives. Après une adaptation de ses règles de décision aux conditions locales, le modèle STREAM fournit des prévisions satisfaisantes de ruissellement et d'érosion à l'échelle du bassin versant. La deuxième partie de la thèse vise à évaluer l'efficacité des mesures de contrôle des inondations boueuses. Une étude de cas de modélisation a montré que le débit de pointe a été réduit de plus de 40% en installant un chenal enherbé et un barrage à l'exutoire d'un bassin versant de 300 ha. Le suivi hydro-sédimentaire du même bassin versant (2002-2007) a permis de démontrer que le chenal enherbé ainsi que trois barrages ont empêché toute inondation boueuse dans le village en aval malgré l'occurrence de plusieurs événements de pluie extrêmes (avec une période de retour maximale de 150 ans). Le débit de pointe a été réduit de 69 %. De plus, le taux de production de sédiments est passé de 3,5 t ha-1 an-1 à une moyenne de 0,5 t ha-1 an-1 après l'installation des mesures de contrôle, réduisant ainsi considérablement le transfert de sédiments vers la plaine alluviale. Enfin, une méthodologie est fournie pour mettre en place des chenaux enherbés et des digues dans d'autres vallées sèches de la ceinture lœssique belge et dans des environnements similaires.
- Published
- 2008
111. Modderoverlast in de Belgische Leemstreek: Problemen en oplossingen
- Author
-
Evrard, O., Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Fonds pour la formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et l'Agriculture (FRIA), Fonds national de la recherche scientifique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bas van Wesemael, and Charles L. Bielders
- Subjects
Production sédimentaire ,Modélisation hydrologique ,Inondations boueuses ,Contrôle du ruissellement ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Runoff control ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,Catchment ,Ceinture loessique belge ,Muddy floods ,Belgian loess belt ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Hydrological modelling ,Bassin-versant ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Sediment delivery ,Coulées de boue - Abstract
The first part of this thesis aims at defining the conditions triggering muddy floods in the Belgian loess belt. On average, each municipality is confronted with 3.6 muddy floods each year. Annual costs associated with their off-site impacts are estimated at € 16-172 millions for the entire Belgian loess belt. A topographic threshold is derived to predict the source areas of muddy floods. Furthermore, the storms required to produce a flood are, on average, smaller in May and June (25 mm) than between July and September (46 mm). This difference is explained by the variability of soil surface characteristics that determine the runoff potential of cultivated soils (soil cover by crops and residues, soil surface crusting and roughness). Steady state infiltration rates of cropland and grassed areas were characterised in the field using a 0.5 m2-portable rainfall simulator. Overall, grassed areas have a lower infiltration rate (16-23 mm h-1) than croplands (25-52 mm h-1). Muddy floods are mostly observed between May-September because of the coincidence of critical soil surface conditions for runoff generation with the most erosive storms. After an adaptation of its decision rules to the local conditions, the STREAM expert-based model provides satisfactory runoff/erosion predictions at the catchment scale. The second part of the thesis aims at evaluating the effectiveness of measures to control muddy floods. A modelling case-study showed that peak discharge was reduced by more than 40% by installing a grassed waterway and a dam at the outlet of a 300 ha-catchment. Monitoring the same catchment (2002-2007) demonstrated that the grassed waterway as well as three dams prevented any muddy flood in the downstream village despite the occurrence of several extreme storms (with a maximum return period of 150 years). Peak discharge was reduced by 69%. Specific sediment yield dropped from 3.5 t ha-1 yr-1 to a mean of 0.5 t ha-1 yr-1 after the installation of the control measures, thereby reducing drastically sediment transfer to the alluvial plain. Finally, a methodology is provided to implement grassed waterways and earthen dams in other dry valleys in the Belgian loess belt and comparable environments.; La première partie de cette thèse vise à définir les conditions déclenchant les inondations boueuses dans la ceinture lœssique belge. En moyenne, chaque municipalité est confrontée à 3,6 inondations boueuses chaque année. Les coûts annuels associés à leurs impacts sont estimés à 16-172 millions d'euros pour l'ensemble de la ceinture lœssique. Un seuil topographique est calculé pour prévoir les zones sources des inondations boueuses. En outre, les pluies nécessaires pour produire une inondation sont, en moyenne, plus faibles en mai et juin (25 mm) qu'entre juillet et septembre (46 mm). Cette différence s'explique par la variabilité des caractéristiques de la surface des sols qui déterminent le potentiel de ruissellement des sols cultivés (couverture du sol par les cultures et les résidus, encroûtement et rugosité de la surface du sol). Les taux d'infiltration des terres cultivées et des zones enherbées ont été caractérisés sur le terrain à l'aide d'un simulateur de pluie portable de 0,5 m2. Dans l'ensemble, les zones enherbées ont un taux d'infiltration plus faible (16-23 mm h-1) que les terres cultivées (25-52 mm h-1). Les inondations boueuses sont surtout observées entre mai et septembre en raison de la coïncidence des conditions critiques de la surface du sol pour la production de ruissellement et de l'occurrence des pluies les plus érosives. Après une adaptation de ses règles de décision aux conditions locales, le modèle STREAM fournit des prévisions satisfaisantes de ruissellement et d'érosion à l'échelle du bassin versant. La deuxième partie de la thèse vise à évaluer l'efficacité des mesures de contrôle des inondations boueuses. Une étude de cas de modélisation a montré que le débit de pointe a été réduit de plus de 40% en installant un chenal enherbé et un barrage à l'exutoire d'un bassin versant de 300 ha. Le suivi hydro-sédimentaire du même bassin versant (2002-2007) a permis de démontrer que le chenal enherbé ainsi que trois barrages ont empêché toute inondation boueuse dans le village en aval malgré l'occurrence de plusieurs événements de pluie extrêmes (avec une période de retour maximale de 150 ans). Le débit de pointe a été réduit de 69 %. De plus, le taux de production de sédiments est passé de 3,5 t ha-1 an-1 à une moyenne de 0,5 t ha-1 an-1 après l'installation des mesures de contrôle, réduisant ainsi considérablement le transfert de sédiments vers la plaine alluviale. Enfin, une méthodologie est fournie pour mettre en place des chenaux enherbés et des digues dans d'autres vallées sèches de la ceinture lœssique belge et dans des environnements similaires.
- Published
- 2008
112. Muddy floods in the Belgian loess belt : problems and solutions
- Author
-
Evrard, O. and Evrard, Olivier
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,Production sédimentaire ,[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,Modélisation hydrologique ,Inondations boueuses ,Contrôle du ruissellement ,Runoff control ,Catchment ,[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Ceinture loessique belge ,Muddy floods ,Belgian loess belt ,Hydrological modelling ,Bassin-versant ,[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,Sediment delivery ,Coulées de boue - Abstract
The first part of this thesis aims at defining the conditions triggering muddy floods in the Belgian loess belt. On average, each municipality is confronted with 3.6 muddy floods each year. Annual costs associated with their off-site impacts are estimated at € 16-172 millions for the entire Belgian loess belt. A topographic threshold is derived to predict the source areas of muddy floods. Furthermore, the storms required to produce a flood are, on average, smaller in May and June (25 mm) than between July and September (46 mm). This difference is explained by the variability of soil surface characteristics that determine the runoff potential of cultivated soils (soil cover by crops and residues, soil surface crusting and roughness). Steady state infiltration rates of cropland and grassed areas were characterised in the field using a 0.5 m2-portable rainfall simulator. Overall, grassed areas have a lower infiltration rate (16-23 mm h-1) than croplands (25-52 mm h-1). Muddy floods are mostly observed between May-September because of the coincidence of critical soil surface conditions for runoff generation with the most erosive storms. After an adaptation of its decision rules to the local conditions, the STREAM expert-based model provides satisfactory runoff/erosion predictions at the catchment scale. The second part of the thesis aims at evaluating the effectiveness of measures to control muddy floods. A modelling case-study showed that peak discharge was reduced by more than 40% by installing a grassed waterway and a dam at the outlet of a 300 ha-catchment. Monitoring the same catchment (2002-2007) demonstrated that the grassed waterway as well as three dams prevented any muddy flood in the downstream village despite the occurrence of several extreme storms (with a maximum return period of 150 years). Peak discharge was reduced by 69%. Specific sediment yield dropped from 3.5 t ha-1 yr-1 to a mean of 0.5 t ha-1 yr-1 after the installation of the control measures, thereby reducing drastically sediment transfer to the alluvial plain. Finally, a methodology is provided to implement grassed waterways and earthen dams in other dry valleys in the Belgian loess belt and comparable environments., La première partie de cette thèse vise à définir les conditions déclenchant les inondations boueuses dans la ceinture lœssique belge. En moyenne, chaque municipalité est confrontée à 3,6 inondations boueuses chaque année. Les coûts annuels associés à leurs impacts sont estimés à 16-172 millions d'euros pour l'ensemble de la ceinture lœssique. Un seuil topographique est calculé pour prévoir les zones sources des inondations boueuses. En outre, les pluies nécessaires pour produire une inondation sont, en moyenne, plus faibles en mai et juin (25 mm) qu'entre juillet et septembre (46 mm). Cette différence s'explique par la variabilité des caractéristiques de la surface des sols qui déterminent le potentiel de ruissellement des sols cultivés (couverture du sol par les cultures et les résidus, encroûtement et rugosité de la surface du sol). Les taux d'infiltration des terres cultivées et des zones enherbées ont été caractérisés sur le terrain à l'aide d'un simulateur de pluie portable de 0,5 m2. Dans l'ensemble, les zones enherbées ont un taux d'infiltration plus faible (16-23 mm h-1) que les terres cultivées (25-52 mm h-1). Les inondations boueuses sont surtout observées entre mai et septembre en raison de la coïncidence des conditions critiques de la surface du sol pour la production de ruissellement et de l'occurrence des pluies les plus érosives. Après une adaptation de ses règles de décision aux conditions locales, le modèle STREAM fournit des prévisions satisfaisantes de ruissellement et d'érosion à l'échelle du bassin versant. La deuxième partie de la thèse vise à évaluer l'efficacité des mesures de contrôle des inondations boueuses. Une étude de cas de modélisation a montré que le débit de pointe a été réduit de plus de 40% en installant un chenal enherbé et un barrage à l'exutoire d'un bassin versant de 300 ha. Le suivi hydro-sédimentaire du même bassin versant (2002-2007) a permis de démontrer que le chenal enherbé ainsi que trois barrages ont empêché toute inondation boueuse dans le village en aval malgré l'occurrence de plusieurs événements de pluie extrêmes (avec une période de retour maximale de 150 ans). Le débit de pointe a été réduit de 69 %. De plus, le taux de production de sédiments est passé de 3,5 t ha-1 an-1 à une moyenne de 0,5 t ha-1 an-1 après l'installation des mesures de contrôle, réduisant ainsi considérablement le transfert de sédiments vers la plaine alluviale. Enfin, une méthodologie est fournie pour mettre en place des chenaux enherbés et des digues dans d'autres vallées sèches de la ceinture lœssique belge et dans des environnements similaires.
- Published
- 2008
113. Supplementary material to "Depth distribution of radiocesium in Fukushima paddy fields and implications for ongoing decontamination works"
- Author
-
Lepage, H., primary, Evrard, O., additional, Onda, Y., additional, Lefèvre, I., additional, Laceby, J. P., additional, and Ayrault, S., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
114. Depth distribution of radiocesium in Fukushima paddy fields and implications for ongoing decontamination works
- Author
-
Lepage, H., primary, Evrard, O., additional, Onda, Y., additional, Lefèvre, I., additional, Laceby, J. P., additional, and Ayrault, S., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
115. Sources and export of particle-borne organic matter during a monsoon flood in a catchment of northern Laos
- Author
-
Gourdin, E., primary, Huon, S., additional, Evrard, O., additional, Ribolzi, O., additional, Bariac, T., additional, Sengtaheuanghoung, O., additional, and Ayrault, S., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
116. Procédé de synthèse par voie solide de ferrates de métaux alcalins ou alcalino-terreux et ferrates ainsi obtenus
- Author
-
KANARI, Ndue, Gaballah, I., Evrard, O., Neveux, N., Laboratoire Environnement et Minéralurgie (LEM), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de chimie du solide minéral (LCSM), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and KANARI, Ndue
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,[CHIM] Chemical Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry - Abstract
Procédé pour la synthèse des ferrates de métaux alcalins ou alcalino-terreux par la voie solide, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à faire réagir: un sel de fer, un hydroxyde des métaux alcalins ou alcalino-terreux et du chlore gazeux. L'invention a également pour objet les ferrates ainsi obtenus.
- Published
- 2001
117. Developments for Radiation Hard Silicon Detectors by Defect Engineering: Results by the CERN RD48 (ROSE) Collaboration
- Author
-
Lindström, G, Ahmed, M, Albergo, S, Allport, P P, Anderson, D, Andricek, L, Angarano, M M, Augelli, V, Bacchetta, N, Bartalini, P, Bates, R, Biggeri, U, Bilei, G M, Bisello, D, Boemi, D, Borchi, E, Botila, T, Brodbeck, T J, Bruzzi, Mara, Budzynski, T, Burger, P, Campabadal, F, Casse, G L, Catacchini, E, Chilingarov, A G, Ciampolini, P, Cindro, V, Costa, M, Creanza, D, Clauws, P, Da Vià, C, Davies, G, de Boer, Wim, Dell'Orso, R, De Palma, M, Dezillie, B, Eremin, V V, Evrard, O, Fallica, G, Fanourakis, G K, Feick, H, Focardi, E, Fonseca, L, Fretwurst, E, Fuster, J A, Gabathuler, K, Glaser, M, Grabiec, P, Grigoriev, E, Hall, G, Hanlon, M, Hauler, F, Heising, S, Holmes-Siedle, A G, Horisberger, R P, Hughes, G, Huhtinen, M, Ilyashenko, Yu S, Ivanov, A, Jones, B K, Jungermann, L, Kaminski, A, Kohout, Z, Kramberger, G, Kuhnke, M, Kwan, S, Lemeilleur, F, Leroy, C, Letheren, M F, Li, Z, Ligonzo, T, Linhart, V, Litovchenko, P G, Loukas, D, Lozano, M, Luczynski, Z, Lutz, Gerhard, MacEvoy, B C, Manolopoulos, S, Markou, A, Martínez, C, Messineo, A, Mikuz, M, Moll, Michael, Nossarzhevska, E, Ottaviani, G, O'Shea, V, Parrini, G, Passeri, D, Petre, D, Pickford, A, Pintilie, I, Pospísil, S, Potenza, R, Radicci, V, Raine, C, Rafí, J M, Ratoff, P N, Richter, R H, Riedler, P, Roe, S, Roy, P, Ruzin, A, Ryazanov, A I, Santocchia, A, Schiavulli, L, Sícho, P, Siotis, I, Sloan, Terence, Slysz, W, Smith, K, Solanky, M, Sopko, B, Stolze, K, Avset, B S, Svensson, B, Tivarus, C, Tonelli, G, Tricomi, A, Tzamarias, S, Valvo, G, Vasilescu, A, Vayaki, Anna, Verbitskaya, E, Verdini, P G, Vrba, V, Watts, S, Weber, E R, Wegrzecki, M, Wegrzecka, I, Weilhammer, Peter, Wheadon, R, Wilburn, C, Wilhelm, I, Wunstorf, R, Wüstenfeld, J, Wyss, J, Zankel, K, Zabierowski, P, and Zontar, D
- Subjects
Detectors and Experimental Techniques - Published
- 2000
118. Kinetics of dehydration of FeSO4.7H2O under different atmospheres
- Author
-
KANARI, Ndue, Gaballah, I., Mathieu, C., Neveux, N., Evrard, O., KANARI, Ndue, Laboratoire Environnement et Minéralurgie (LEM), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de chimie du solide minéral (LCSM), and Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[CHIM] Chemical Sciences ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,[SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials - Abstract
International audience; Hydrated ferrous sulfate is a by-product of titanium and surface treatment industries. The majority of this product has to be disposed as a waste. Disposal is a significant extra cost for these industries. Recently, the ferrous sulfate partially dehydrated was successfully used for the synthesis of a new superoxidant material containing iron in hexavalent state (Fe-VI).The kinetics of dehydration of FeSO4. 7H2O under neutral, oxidizing and chlorinating atmospheres were studied by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The obtained products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The effects of temperature, gas velocity, type of sulfate, etc, on the dehydration rate were defined.
- Published
- 1999
119. Remanence of lead pollution in an urban river system: a multi-scale temporal and spatial study in the Seine River basin, France
- Author
-
Ayrault, S., primary, Le Pape, P., additional, Evrard, O., additional, Priadi, C. R., additional, Quantin, C., additional, Bonté, P., additional, and Roy-Barman, M., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
120. VERDI-3: A versatile readout ASIC for different families of radiation detectors
- Author
-
Celani, A., primary, Quaglia, R., additional, Bombelli, L., additional, Fiorini, C., additional, Frizzi, T., additional, Pavlick, J., additional, Zakrzewski, B., additional, Bradbury, J., additional, Cherukuri, C., additional, and Evrard, O., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
121. Using Chernobyl‐derived 137Cs to document recent sediment deposition rates on the River Plava floodplain (Central European Russia)
- Author
-
Belyaev, V. R., primary, Golosov, V. N., additional, Markelov, M. V., additional, Evrard, O., additional, Ivanova, N. N., additional, Paramonova, T. A., additional, and Shamshurina, E. N., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
122. Edgeless silicon sensors for Medipix-based large-area X-ray imaging detectors
- Author
-
Bosma, M J, primary, Visser, J, additional, Evrard, O, additional, Moor, P De, additional, Munck, K De, additional, Tezcan, D Sabuncuoglu, additional, and Koffeman, E N, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
123. VERDI: A versatile readout ASIC for radiation detectors
- Author
-
Celani, A, primary, Bombelli, L, additional, Fiorini, C, additional, Frizzi, T, additional, Nava, R, additional, Pavlick, J, additional, Kastner, M, additional, Morichi, M, additional, Roberson, B, additional, Zakrzewski, B, additional, Evrard, O, additional, Cherukuri, C, additional, and Assouak, S, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. A comparison of management approaches to control muddy floods in central Belgium, northern France and southern England
- Author
-
Evrard, O., primary, Heitz, C., additional, Liégeois, M., additional, Boardman, J., additional, Vandaele, K., additional, Auzet, A.-V., additional, and van Wesemael, B., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
125. Rainfall erosivity in subtropical catchments and implications for erosion and particle-bound contaminant transfer: a case-study of the Fukushima region.
- Author
-
Laceby, J. P., Chartin, C., Evrard, O., Onda, Y., Garcia-Sanchez, L., and Cerdan, O.
- Abstract
The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in a significant fallout of radiocesium over the Fukushima region. After reaching the soil surface, radiocesium is almost irreversibly bound to fine soil particles. Thereafter, rainfall and snow melt run-off events transfer particle-bound radiocesium downstream. Erosion models, such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), depict a proportional relationship between rainfall and soil erosion. As radiocesium is tightly bound to fine soil and sediment particles, characterizing the rainfall regime of the fallout-impacted region is fundamental to modelling and predicting radiocesium migration. Accordingly, monthly and annual rainfall data from ~60 meteorological stations within a 100 km radius of the FDNPP were analysed. Monthly rainfall erosivity maps were developed for the Fukushima coastal catchments illustrating the spatial heterogeneity of rainfall erosivity in the region. The mean average rainfall in the Fukushima region was 1387 mm yr
-1 (σ230) with the mean rainfall erosivity being 2785 MJ mm ha-1 yr-1 (σ 1359). The results indicate that the majority of rainfall (60%) and rainfall erosivity (86%) occurs between June and October. During the year, rainfall erosivity evolves positively from northwest to southeast in the eastern part of the prefecture, whereas a positive gradient from north to south occurs in July and August, the most erosive months of the year. During the typhoon season, the coastal plain and eastern mountainous areas of the Fukushima prefecture, including a large part of the contamination plume, are most impacted by erosive events. Understanding these rainfall patterns, particularly their spatial and temporal variation, is fundamental to managing soil and particle-bound radiocesium transfers in the Fukushima region. Moreover, understanding the impact of typhoons is important for managing sediment transfers in subtropical regions impacted by cyclonic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
126. Synthèse d'un sulfatoferrate de potassium et son efficacité dans le traitement des eaux
- Author
-
Aubertin, N., primary, Neveux, N., additional, Gerardin, R., additional, and Evrard, O., additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
127. High-performance x-ray silicon detector for reliable industrial and research XRF applications
- Author
-
Paepen, J., primary, Osorio, V., additional, Van Espen, P., additional, Evrard, O., additional, Van Buul, L., additional, Keters, M., additional, Jordanov, V. T., additional, and Burger, P., additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
128. VERDI: A versatile readout ASIC for radiation detectors.
- Author
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Celani, A., Bombelli, L., Fiorini, C., Frizzi, T., Nava, R., Pavlick, J., Kastner, M., Morichi, M., Roberson, B., Zakrzewski, B., Evrard, O., Cherukuri, C., and Assouak, S.
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- 2010
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129. A novel photodiode array structure for gamma camera applications
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Evrard, O., primary, Keters, M., additional, Van Buul, L., additional, and Burger, P., additional
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- 2003
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130. Spatial and temporal variability of 7Be and 210Pb wet deposition during four successive monsoon storms in a catchment of northern Laos.
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Gourdin, E., Evrard, O., Huon, S., Reyss, J.-L., Ribolzi, O., Bariac, T., Sengtaheuanghoung, O., and Ayrault, S.
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- *
SPATIOTEMPORAL processes , *DATA analysis , *ESTIMATION theory , *RAINWATER , *WATER sampling - Abstract
Fallout radionuclides 7Be and 210Pb have been identified as potentially relevant temporal tracers for studying soil particles dynamics (surface vs. subsurface sources contribution; remobilization of in-channel sediment) during erosive events in river catchments. An increasing number of studies compared 7Be: 210Pb activity ratio in rainwater and sediment to estimate percentages of freshly eroded particles. However, the lack of data regarding the spatial and temporal variability of radionuclide wet deposition during individual storms has been identified as one of the main gaps in these estimates. In order to determine these key parameters, rainwater samples were collected at three stations during four storms that occurred at the beginning of the monsoon (June 2013) in the Houay Xon mountainous catchment in northern Laos. Rainwater 7Be and 210Pb activities measured using very low background hyperpure Germanium detectors ranged from 0.05 to 1.72 Bq L-1 and 0.02 to 0.26 Bq L-1, respectively. Water δ18O were determined on the same samples. Total rainfall amount of the four sampled storms ranged from 4.8 to 26.4 mm (51 mm in total) at the time-fractionated collection point. Corresponding cumulative 7Be and 210Pb wet depositions during the sampling period were 17.6 and 2.9 Bq m-2, respectively. The 7Be: 210Pb activity ratio varied (1) in space from 6 to 9 for daily deposition and (2) in time from 3 to 12 for samples successively collected. Intra-event evolution of rainwater 7Be and 210Pb activities as well as δ18O highlighted the progressive depletion of local infra-cloud atmosphere radionuclide stock with time (washout), which remains consistent with a Raleigh-type distillation process for water vapour. Intra-storm ratio increasing with time showed the increasing contribution of rainout scavenging. Implications of such variability for soil particle labelling and erosion studies are briefly discussed and recommendations are formulated for the collection of rainwater signature in studies based on the 7Be: 210Pb ratio method, especially in tropical areas under high erosive pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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131. ChemInform Abstract: A Cementitious Compound with Composition 3CaO×Al2O3×CaCO3 ×11H2O.
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FRANCOIS, M., primary, RENAUDIN, G., additional, and EVRARD, O., additional
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- 1998
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132. Characterization and comparative study of coal combustion residues from a primary and additional flue gas secondary desulfurization process
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Gomes, S., primary, François, M., additional, Pellissier, C., additional, and Evrard, O., additional
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- 1998
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133. A Cementitious Compound with Composition 3CaO.Al2O3.CaCO3.11H2O
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François, M., primary, Renaudin, G., additional, and Evrard, O., additional
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- 1998
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134. Analyse et caractérisation approfondies d’une scorie d’aciérie issue de fonte hématite
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Spannagel, Ph., primary, Gérardin, R., additional, Jeannot, F., additional, Evrard, O., additional, and Cristin, M., additional
- Published
- 1997
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135. Recent results obtained at IMEC on multicrystalline silicon solar cells
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Nijs, J., primary, Elgamel, H.E., additional, Szlufcik, J., additional, Sivoththaman, S., additional, Evrard, O., additional, De Clercq, K., additional, De Schepper, P., additional, Poortmans, J., additional, Ghannam, M., additional, Mertens, R., additional, Fath, P., additional, and Willeke, G., additional
- Published
- 1995
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136. Synthese et caracterisation d'une wustite tres oxydee stabilisee par des traces de calcium
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Tazi, A., primary, Gérardin, R., additional, Jeannot, F., additional, and Evrard, O., additional
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- 1995
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137. Influence du silicium sur les proprietes magnetiques de l'hematite effect of silicon on the magnetic properties of hematite
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Mathieu, C., primary, Bérardin, R., additional, and Evrard, O., additional
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- 1995
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138. Clonidine Prolongation of Epidural Blockade in Children
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Rochette, A., primary, Beauvoir, C., additional, Raux, O., additional, Canaud, N., additional, Evrard, O., additional, Ricard, C., additional, and DʼAthis, F., additional
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- 1994
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139. Using Chernobyl-derived 137Cs to document recent sediment deposition rates on the River Plava floodplain (Central European Russia).
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Belyaev, V. R., Golosov, V. N., Markelov, M. V., Evrard, O., Ivanova, N. N., Paramonova, T. A., and Shamshurina, E. N.
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SEDIMENTS ,FLOODPLAINS ,RIVERS ,AGGRADATION & degradation ,SURVEYS - Abstract
Floodplain sedimentation is one of the most dynamic geomorphic processes within plain and lowland landscapes. There is generally a good understanding of longer term floodplain evolution, but quantitative information on overbank deposition rates for recent shorter timescales is lacking. This paper describes the application of Chernobyl-derived
137 Cs to quantify floodplain aggradation rates for the River Plava (a small river draining a severely contaminated part of the upland region of Central European Russia), based on detailed sampling of four representative floodplain study sites. Two approaches have been employed for estimating post-Chernobyl (1986-2009) floodplain accumulation rates. The first was based simply on locating the Chernobyl fallout-associated137 Cs peak in overbank sediment sections. The second involved quantification of the increase in the total137 Cs inventory at individual sampling points associated with the post-Chernobyl deposition of contaminated suspended sediment. It has been shown that considerable local-scale variability of overbank deposition rates exists, with aggradation rates on the low level floodplain (6 ± 1.2-14 ± 2.8 mm year−1 ) exceeding by 1.5-3 times the values for the middle level floodplain (2 ± 0.4-9 ± 1.8 mm year−1 ) and by 3-6 times the values for the upper level floodplain (1 ± 0.2-5 ± 1.0 mm year−1 ) floodplain levels. Combining these estimates with information on the areas occupied by different floodplain levels within the 54 km long valley section, derived from detailed geomorphic surveys of the selected reaches, it has been estimated that about 9700 ± 1950 t of sediment have been stored on floodplain during the 1986-2009 period. The role of floodplain storage in the overall basin sediment budget and conveyance losses within the main channel system have been evaluated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
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140. Polycrystalline silicon solar cells with a mechanically formed texturization
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Bender, H., primary, Szlufcik, J., additional, Nussbaumer, H., additional, Palmers, G., additional, Evrard, O., additional, Nijs, J., additional, Mertens, R., additional, Bucher, E., additional, and Willeke, G., additional
- Published
- 1993
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141. Structure cristalline d'un mangano ferrite de lutetium; distribution du fer et du manganese dans les sites bipyramidaux a base triangulaire de la serie de ces oxydes mixtes
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Malaman, B., primary, Aqachmar, El.H., additional, Gérardin, R., additional, Evrard, O., additional, and Le Caer, G., additional
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- 1992
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142. Interaction between bulk and surface passivation mechanisms in thin film solar cells on defected silicon substrates.
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Vermeulen, T., Poortmans, J., Said, K., Evrard, O., Laureys, W., Caymax, M., Nijs, J., Mertens, R., and Vinckier, C.
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- 1996
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143. Synthese et structure cristalline de Lu3MnFe3O10, un nouveau ferrite a caractere bidimensionnel
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Malaman, B., primary, Aqachmar, El.H., additional, Gérardin, R., additional, and Evrard, O., additional
- Published
- 1991
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144. Iron affinity for the bixbyite structure type Mössbauer spectroscopy study of (ln1−xFex)2O3 and (Sc1−xFex)xO3
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Gérardin, R, primary, Alebouyeh, A, additional, and Evrard, O, additional
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- 1991
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145. A Cementitious Compound with Composition 3CaO.Al2O3.CaCO3.11H2O.
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François, M., Renaudin, G., and Evrard, O.
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- 1998
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146. Order and disorder in the lamellar hydrated tetracalcium monocarboaluminate compound
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Renaudin, G., Francois, M., and Evrard, O.
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- 1999
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147. Quantification of the sediment budget of a river basin, based on reconstruction of the post-fallout redistribution of Chernobyl particle-bound 137Cs
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Belyaev, V., Evgeniya Shamshurina, Markelov, M., Golosov, V., Ivanova, N., Bondarev, V., Paramonova, T., Evrard, O., Ottlé, C., Lefèvre, I., and Bonté, P.
148. Variabilité saisonnière du transport des matières en suspension dans le bassin versant de la Seine
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Christine Franke, Baati, S., Martine Audiguier, Ayrault, S., Philippe Bonté, Evrard, O., Kissel, C., Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
- Subjects
[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology
149. Complex assessment of particle-bound radionuclide redistribution in the Plava River basin (Central European Russia)
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Vladimir Belyaev, Ivanova, N. N., Evrard, O., Markelov, M. V., Shamshurina, E. N., Bonte, P., and Lefevre, I.
150. Sediment delivery from interfluve slopes into river valley
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Valeriy Bondarev, Belyaev, V. R., Ivanova, N. N., Evrard, O., Université d'État Lomonossov de Moscou = Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Moscow State Lomonossov University, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger ,Hydrology ,Radionuclide ,Radioactive tracer ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Drainage basin ,Sediment ,15. Life on land ,Structural basin ,Crop rotation ,law.invention ,Current (stream) ,Geography ,law ,Erosion ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Traduction anglaise sur le site éditeur. (Doi); International audience; A complex approach for estimating sediment delivery from drainage basin slopes into river valley is proposed. The method includes morphometric analysis of drainage basin, mathematical modelling and radioactive isotope tracers application. The approach effectiveness is demonstrated by analysis of the River Lokna drainage basin slopes (Central Part of the European Russia). Total area of the drainage basin is 174.8 km$^2$.Morphometric characteristics of 1293 elementary slopes (facets) were collected from the 1:100 000 scale topographic map and analysed. Average soil erosion rate from facet under conditions of bare fallow is 46.2$\pm$31.9 t/ha/year. For a range of locally typical crop rotations this value varies from 17.2$\pm$13.0 to 33.3$\pm$19.1 t/ha/year.Mapping of drainage basin slopes allowed distinguishing areas with highest potential erosion rates. About 33% of elementary slopes of the studied drainage basin are characterized by the LS-factor value exceeding 1.5. In hypothetical case of cultivation of all basin slopes under bare fallow, 77% of elementary slopes will be characterized by very high and catastrophic potential erosion rates (>20 t/ha/year). For a range of locally typical crop rotations this percentage is reduced to 44%.Application of radioactive isotopic tracer allowed us to obtain an independent evaluation of the model validity. Comparison of soil loss rates obtained independently by the model and the $^{137}$Cs radioactive tracer for the morphologically simple short runoff-dissipating slope has shown high degree of coincidence. However for the more complex long convex slope the model produced higher values of soil loss rates (sometimes more than twice) than the $^{137}$Cs-based estimates. It can be explained by the fact that the model takes no account of within-slope sediment redeposition which cannot be estimated by its current version.; Количественная оценка перемещения наносов со склонов в русла рек остается одной из актуальных проблем флювиальной геоморфологии. Возможность реалистич-но оценить величину этого перемещения может способствовать решению довольно большого количества теоретических и практических задач экологической геоморфо-логии: оценка эрозионного потенциала территории, интенсивность заиления русел рек, деформация первичного поля различных загрязнителей в пределах водосборного бассейна и т.д. В последние годы появляется все больше количественных данных о темпах смыва почвы со склонов. Однако их все еще недостаточно для достоверного расчета коэффициента доставки наносов в речные русла. В связи с этим в настоящей работе авторами предлагается комплексная методика определения коэффициентов доставки наносов со склонов малой реки с использова-нием морфометрических методов, математического моделирования и прослеживания радиоизотопных трассеров для количественной оценки перераспределения наносов и связанных с ними загрязняющих веществ. В основе исследования лежит несколько важных положений. Во-первых, это пред-ставления Р. Хортона, который выявил наличие закономерностей строения речной сети от самых малых ее элементов до наиболее крупных, придавая большое значе-ние самым малым неразветвленным элементарным притокам. Во-вторых, положения о единстве эрозионно-аккумулятивных процессов в пределах всего речного бассей-на, начиная с приводораздельных территорий и заканчивая руслом реки, которые были сформулированы Н.И. Маккавеевым. Кроме того, были учтены представления С.М. Шумма, Р.Дж. Чорли, Ю.Г. Симонова о том, что водосборный бассейн является геоморфологической системой с прямыми и обратными связями, имеющей сложную структуру и характеризующейся особенностями функционирования, на которые ока-зывают влияние природные и антропогенные условия и факторы. В рамках изучения водосборных бассейнов, как сложных иерархических систем, можно выделить, как минимум, четыре пространственных иерархических уровня, каждому из которых соответствует свой комплекс процессов, развивающийся в ха-рактерном масштабе времени. При этом, склоновому уровню придается особый ста-тус базового, с которого целесообразно начинать бассейновый анализ территории [1]. Именно этому вопросу и будет посвящен приведенный ниже анализ. 1 Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проекты РФФИ-НЦНИ 09-05-91057, РФФИ 10-05-00385, РФФИ 10-05-00357), программы Президента РФ для поддержки мо-лодых ученых-кандидатов наук (проект МК-8023.2010.5) и программы Президента РФ для поддержки ведущих научных школ (проект НШ-3284.2010.5). ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЯ № 1 январь-март 2014
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