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The article focuses on various evidence-based pediatrics involving proxy outcome, surrogate measure and process measure. Topics discussed include treatment based on proxy measure where one cannot measure exactly what is needed, focus on the measurement surrogate measure which exemplifies the case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and treatment based on process measure might or might not be associated with the outcome.

The article presents a case study of a 19-month-old patient admitted to the hospital for a severe cough and dyspnea which ultimately required intubation. After learning the patient had played with a talc dispenser and after performing a computed tomography (CT) scan and bronchoscopy, it was determined that the patient had inhaled large amounts of talc and was treated with intravenous antibiotics and steroids with good effect.

The article discusses the public health challenges brought about by unintentional injuries in children. It summarizes the major preventive measures, as well as identifies the broad range of available evidence-based countermeasures. It also offers suggestions on what can paediatrician do to prevent children injury both in their professional practice and with the assistance of others.

The author reflects on the use of statins as a drug therapy for children and youth with hypercholesterolemia in the U.S. He argues that even if the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended the use of statins, there is a limited evidence that proves its efficacy. He also points out that the long-term safety and risk factors of the medicine should be definitely established. He proposes the implementation of assessment programs on the long-term use of statins and the use of alternative medicine.

A response by Joseph L. Mathew to a letter to the editor about his article "Evidence Based Child Health: Fly But With Feet on the Ground" in the February 2008 issue is presented.

The article focuses on the significance of the need of pediatricians to integrate highest-quality scientific evidence-based answers and medicines in order to provide the best care to patients and families. These scientific evidence-based answers, which are answers to practical clinical questions are significant for practicing clinicians and pediatricians and are at the core of their practice. These are presented in a clinical setting followed by a structured clinical question and answers.

The article offers evidence based answers by means of a column titled "Archimedes" to clinical questions related to paediatrics in order to provide the best care to patients and families. The column seeks to provide the assistance to the practicing clinicians by providing evidence based answers to some common questions which are not at the forefront of the research but are at the core of the practice. It is also reported that the online electronic edition of this journal contains extra information to each of the published "Archimedes" topics.

This section reviews a study by J. Massie et al, published in Archives of Disease in Children, which aimed to evaluate a systemic and coordinated approach to the development and implementation of evidence-based asthma guidelines for a pediatric hospital. This was a comparative study conducted at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Victoria. The Royal Children's Hospital best-practice guidelines for the care of asthma were established after careful review of established national/international guidelines and consideration of evidence-based reviews in the literature. The implementation of evidence-based guidelines made no difference in readmission to the hospital, return visits to the emergency department, asthma morbidity, or quality of life but did increase the provision of asthma-management plans. The authors concluded that future efforts to improve asthma management should target specific components of asthma care.

Presents various resources for Evidence-based Practice. Interactive tool; Books; Web sites.

The article reports on the electronic version of "Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines." This electronic resource aims to provide physicians with fast and easy access to practical guidelines linked to the best available research evidence. It covers a wide range of medical conditions and is aimed at general practitioners and outpatient departments. The first electronic version was published in 1989 as a joint venture of The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim and Duodecim Medical Publications Ltd and is updated regularly. The editorial team is made up of experienced physicians, who work in cooperation with about 20 specialist coordinators and 300 authors.

Background: To date, the Cochrane Child Health Field has published 18 overviews of reviews in our journal, Evidence-based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. In this article, we highlight some of the logistical and methodological challenges of producing such syntheses. As this is a new and evolving publication type, we hope that our experience will benefit others who engage in this process. Current Methods: We discuss the process we have developed to produce overviews of reviews relevant to our mandate, including identification of the research question, establishment of the author team, selection of outcomes and included SRs, and presentation of findings. Ongoing Development: We discuss the lessons we have learned, outstanding challenges for overview authors, and the limitations of overviews., Conclusions: Overviews of reviews are only as good as the SRs and primary studies on which they are based; gaps or lack of currency in this evidence will weaken the overview of reviews. Future directions in this work must address questions of bias and loss of information. Methods for overviews of reviews targeted for specific groups, such as children, need more elaboration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., (Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)