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The objective was to determine the effect of increasing levels of sunflower crushed in ruminant diets about the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DIVMS), organic matter (DIVMO), crude protein (DIVPB), the cinetics cumulative production gases, parameters ruminal fermentation, concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) and pH in vitro. Used Tifton hay and the concentrates were characterized by the presence of 0 g/kg 100 g/kg 200 g/kg and 300 g/kg of sunflower crushed inclusion in concentrated. There significant influence (p 0.05) by experimental diets, however, there was a decreasing linear effect (p

Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin deacetylation, present in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. Chitosan has been evaluated as rumen modulator and silage additive due to its antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of both chitosan and a bacterial additive on microbiological quality, chemical composition, nutrient in vitro degradation, fermentative profile, and total losses of whole-soybean plant silage (SS) harvested at R6 stage. Four treatments in a factorial arrangement were randomly assigned to 40 experimental minisilos as no additives (CON), 8 g/t fresh forage of microbial inoculant (INO; Kera SIL, Kera Nutricao Animal, Bento Goncalves, Brazil); 5 g/kg of fresh forage chitosan (CHI); and CHI + INO. Microbial inoculant was composed of Lactobacillus plantarum (4.0 × 1010 cfu/g) and Propionibacterium acidipropionici (2.6 × 1010 cfu/g). The CHI and INO alone increased counts of lactic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria and decreased counts of mold and yeast in SS. The CHI or INO alone increased in vitro degradation of dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber, and decreased nonfiber carbohydrate content of SS. Chitosan increased NH3-N and lactate concentrations and decreased ethanol concentration in SS. The CHI increased dry matter recovery from SS; INO increased silage aerobic stability. The combination of CHI+INO showed the lowest value of gas losses. In general, the combination of CHI and INO had small positive effects on gas losses of SS; however, both CHI or INO alone improved nutrient in vitro degradation and decreased mold and yeast in SS. Chitosan or INO utilization improves SS quality.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance, carcass characteristics and meat from feedlot lambs receiving sunflower crushed in the diet on partial replacement of soybean meal. The experimental design was randomized block with four levels of sunflower crushed in the diet (0, 10, 20, 30% DM). There was a linear reduction of 0.02; 0.003; 0.003 and 0.17% for each percentage unit of added sunflower crushed in the diet, respectively, for the intake of dry matter, crude protein, daily weight gain and feed conversion. There was a significant linear decrease of 0.15; 0.11 and 0.12% in slaughter weight, hot carcass and cold carcass, respectively when increased 1% in the inclusion of sunflower crushed in the diet. The use of sunflower crushed did not influence the biological yield and characteristics of marbling, texture and color of the meat. The use of sunflower crushed can be used in supplements for lambs in intensive production systems in partial replacement of soybean meal by up to 10%.

The objective of this study was to compare alternative devices and tissues for the determination of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) with the conventional method. Two tissues, nylon (50 μm) and TNT (100 g/m²), and two devices (fiber digester and autoclave) were used for the determination of NDF and ADF content compared to the conventional method. A completely randomized experimental design, which consisted of five treatments and 10 repetitions, was used. The NDF content obtained with TNT in the two devices differed from that obtained with the conventional method (P 0.01), indicating this combination as a possible alternative to the conventional method. There was no difference (P>0.01) between the alternative methods for the analysis of NDF. The content of ADF differed between the devices and tissues evaluated (P 0.01) and may be indicated as a practical alternative for the analysis of ADF. The NDF content obtained with nylon tissue, irrespective of the equipment used, and the ADF content obtained with nylon tissue in the fiber digester were similar to the conventional method.

The main objective of this study the Marandu grass using total dry matter (CS), hand-plucking sample (PS) and extrusa (EXT) in a completely randomized design. The samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein, ether extract, neutral (NDF) and acid-detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, ash, in vitro dry matter digestibility, total, and non fiber carbohydrates. The samples for PS presented DM, NDF and ADF values of 25.19, 65.31, and 28.91 %. The EXT values for NDF and ADF were 73.21 and 33.46 %, respectively, reflecting the selectivity of the animal. The ADF value for CS was 36.01 %, due to the high proportion of senescent material in the forage. The CS and hand plucked samples obtained did not represent the diet consumed by the animals. The chemical composition of the forage is influenced by the different sampling methods.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:32:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:32:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-86722016000400425.pdf: 195702 bytes, checksum: c2615a1d58e47e53a9a08e0b2a69d735 (MD5) Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho de cordeiros em confinamento recebendo dietas formuladas com fenos de diferentes genótipos de Cynodon spp. Ainda, comparar a digestibilidade da matéria seca das dietas usando diferentes métodos de avaliação (coleta total de fezes e óxido crômico). Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros, machos, não castrados, mestiços Suffolk, com média de idade de 90 dias e peso corporal médio de 21,5 kg ± 1,6. As dietas foram formuladas utilizando um concentrado padrão e feno dos seguintes genótipos de Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 e Russel, em uma razão volumoso concentrado de 60:40, constituindo os tratamentos, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, sendo 5 dietas e 2 métodos de avaliação de digestibilidade. Os animais que receberam feno do Vaquero apresentaram ingestão de matéria seca de 18,3; 16,9; 25,6; 20,7 e 24,2% superior aos animais alimentados com feno de Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 e Russel, respectivamente. Não foi verificada diferença entre as dietas para digestibilidade usando coleta total de fezes e óxido de cromo e peso final dos animais. As dietas a base de feno de Jiggs possibilitaram maior ganho de peso diário e melhor conversão alimentar. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot lambs fed diets formulated with hay of different genotypes of Cynodon spp. and to compare the dry matter digestibility of diets using different evaluation methods (total fecal collection and chromium oxide). Suffolk crossbred neutered male lambs (n=30), with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 21.5 kg ± 1.6. Diets were formulated using a standard concentrate and hay of the following genotypes of Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, in a 60:40 forage concentrate ratio, composing the treatments distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial 5 x 2 arrangement of 5 diets and 2 digestibility evaluation methods. Animals receiving Vaquero hay showed dry matter intake of 18.3; 16.9; 25.6; 20.7 and 24.2% higher than those fed hay of Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, respectively. There was no difference between diets for digestibility using total fecal collection, chromium oxide and final weight of animals. Jiggs hay based diets allowed greater daily weight gain and better feed conversion. Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia

The aimed of this work was to comparing the drying process in a microwave oven and forced air ventilation, as well as their effects on the chemical composition of different genotypes of the genus Cynodon (Tifton 85, Jiggs, Russell, Tifton 68 and Vaquero) collected at different ages cutting (28, 48, 63 and 79 days). The experimental design was a randomized block in a split-plot design, with 4 replicates. There was no difference (P>0.05) between the methods analyzed on the chemical composition of the genotypes studied. Increasing age cutoff negatively influenced (P

To evaluate the inclusion of common beans in the diet of cattle in feedlot on characteristics of productive performance, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation parameters, 15 bulls crossed were used in a completely randomized design. The animals were confined for 64 days, and 21 days of adaptation. We evaluated the inclusion common beans at levels of 0%, 13% and 26%. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous with a 45:55 forage: concentrate ratio. The addition of beans in the diet did not affect animal performance, dry matter intake and feed efficiency. Inclusion bean changed the nutrient digestibility of DM, CP, EE, TC and OM, where the best digestibility was observed with the inclusion 13% and the lowest concentration of ruminal NH3-N. The general behavior of ruminal pH in relation to levels of inclusion of beans was 6.2. The inclusion of up to 13% of beans in the diet of feedlot cattle did not alter the apparent digestibility, ruminal and animal performance.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Outra Agência This study aimed to evaluate the kinetics of dry matter degradation and neutral detergent fiber of banana peel treated with limestone. The banana peel has been acquired from a candy manufacturer that after washing with chlorinated water to 1% and pulp removal was discarded. The banana peel in nature was treated with 1, 2, 3 and 4% of limestone in the natural matter, homogenized and pre-dried in the sun for 120 hours. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments (0 (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4% inclusion of limestone) with 3 repetitions. The dry matter potential degradability, showed no difference (P>0.05) in the levels compared to the control with an average of 67.58%. The insoluble degradation fraction rate of dry matter and the fiber fraction did not differ (P> 0.05) between levels and control. In relation to effective degradability of neutral detergent fiber, there was an increase of 3.47% for each percentage unit increased limestone. In relation to the ruminal degradation parameters of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber is not recommended the utilization of limestone as an additive in the treatment of banana peel. Objetivou-se avaliar a cinética de degradação da matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro da casca de banana tratada com calcário. A casca de banana foi adquirida de uma indústria de doces que após lavagem com água clorada a 1% e retirada da polpa, era descartada. A casca de banana in natura foi tratada com 1, 2, 3 e 4% de calcário na matéria natural, homogeneizadas e pré-seca ao sol durante 120 horas. O experimento foi realizado em um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, sendo cinco tratamentos (0 (controle), 1, 2, 3 e 4% de inclusão de calcário) com 3 repetições. A degradabilidade potencial da matéria seca, não apresentou diferença (P>0,05) dos níveis em relação ao controle com média de 67,58%. A taxa de degradação da fração insolúvel da matéria seca e da fração fibrosa não diferiu (P>0,05) entre níveis e o controle. Em relação á degradabilidade efetiva da fibra em detergente neutro, houve incremento de 3,47% para cada unidade percentual de calcário aumentada. Em relação aos parâmetros da degradação ruminal da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro, recomenda-se a utilização 4% de inclusão de calcário na matéria natural da casca de banana.

Para se avaliar o desempenho de novilhas Nelore suplementadas com torta de girassol em substituição ao farelo de soja em 0; 20; 40 e 60% foram utilizados 24 animais, durante a época seca, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os animais foram pesados e monitorados quanto à condição corporal a cada 21 dias. A inclusão de torta de girassol melhorou o ganho de peso diário em 45,8%. A eficiência do uso de concentrados foi de 12,26; 13,42 e 9,87kg/kg para os níveis de substituição de 20, 40 e 60% e o suplemento sem torta de girassol teve eficiência de 7,31kg/kg. A condição corporal dos animais melhorou com o fornecimento dos suplementos, sendo a condição corporal final 3,6; 4,0; 4,0 e 3,7 pontos; para os níveis de substituição de 00, 20, 40 e 60%. Para as características de carcaça não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre os níveis de substituição estudados para peso de abate, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria, perdas por resfriamento, rendimento de carcaça, comprimento de carcaça, traseiro, dianteiro, carne aproveitável total, cortes comerciais brasileiros, AOL/100kg, espessura de gordura, fígado. Verificou-se efeito para substituição da torta de girassol somente para acúmulo de gordura perirrenal-pélvica, onde o nível de 60% apresentou o maior valor (3,67kg). A substituição parcial do farelo de soja por torta de girassol melhorou o desempenho de novilhas terminadas a pasto, sem alterar as características de carcaça dos animais. To evaluate the performance of Nellore heifers supplemented with sunflower cake in partial substitution of soybean meal at 0; 20; 40 and 60% 24 animals were used during the dry season in a randomized design. The animals were weighed and monitored for body condition (BC) every 21 days. The inclusion of sunflower cake improved the average daily gain in 45.8%. The efficiency of the use of concentrated supplements was higher for supplements containing sunflower cake with values of 12.26; 13.42 and 9.87kg/kg for the replacement levels of 20; 40 and 60%. The supplement without sunflower cake had efficiencies of 7.31kg/kg. The BC of animals has improved with the supplementation, of 3.6; 4.0; 4.0 and 3.7 points, for replacement levels of 00; 20; 40 and 60%. For carcass characteristics there was no significant differences between the levels of substitution studied to slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, cooling losses, carcass yield, carcass length, back, front, yield estimated grade, Brazilian commercial cuts, AOL/100kg, fat thickness, liver. There was effect for replacement of sunflower cake just for the accumulation of perirenal pelvic fat, where the replacement level of 60% had the highest value (3.67 kilograms). Partial substitution of soybean meal by sunflower cake improved the performance of heifers finished on pastures without changing the characteristics of the carcass.

A representatividade econômica, social e ambiental da agricultura familiar é cada vez mais reconhecida pelos governos e pela sociedade. Os movimentos sociais a favor do meio ambiente recaem sobre a atividade agrícola, exigindo metodologias alternativas de produção sustentável. Apesar do cenário favorável à produção orgânica aos empreendimentos de agricultura familiar, vários problemas recaem sobre essa atividade. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar a situação e características do setor na cidade de Dourados (MS), e identificar o método de produção mais viável aos pequenos produtores, utilizando de um modelo de decisão multicritério, baseado em um estudo de caso junto a um grupo de produtores orgânicos da região. Os resultados indicam o método de produção orgânico como o mais adequado aos empreendimentos familiares, considerando os critérios “produção”, “mercado” e “logística”.

Avaliou-se a degradabilidade ruminal in situ, em ovinos dos grãos e coprodutos de girassol, soja e crambe, em três ovinos da raça Santa Inês com peso de 40 kg, fistulados e providos de cânulas ruminais, mantidos em baias individuais. Os alimentos foram incubados em ordem decrescente de 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 e 0h. A fração potencialmente degradável da MS para a torta de girassol foi 73,7% e da PB 34,6%, o que proporcionou média degradação ruminal para PB. O grão de girassol apresentou baixa degradabilidade ruminal para a MS e PB (33,55 e 25,98%). A torta de soja apresentou fração solúvel de 23,15 e 7,79%, para a MS e PB, com uma degradabilidade efetiva de 75,6 e 70,89%, enquanto que o grão de soja apresentou baixa fração solúvel para MS e PB (4,79 e 8,73%), acarretando baixa degradabilidade ruminal. O grão de crambe e a torta de crambe apresentaram os maiores teores de FDA, e baixa degradabilidade ruminal, tanto para a MS como para a PB. Os valores para a fração potencialmente degradável e fração solúvel foram semelhantes. Os alimentos avaliados apresentaram média degradabilidade ruminal, exceto a torta de soja que apresentou maior valor de degradabilidade ruminal.Ruminal degradability of crambe, sunflower and soybean grains and their by-products in sheep was evaluated by an “in situ” technique. Three 40 kg-Santa Ines fistulated sheep provided with ruminal cannula and kept in individual pens were analyzed. Feeds were incubated in the rumen in the following decreasing order 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 and 0h. The potentially degradable fraction for DM in sunflower meal amounted to 73.7%, whereas it reached 34.6% in the case of CP, with medium ruminal degradation. Sunflower grain had low ruminal degradability for DM and CP (33.55 and 25.98%). Crushed soybean grain had soluble fraction of 23.15 and 7.79% respectively for DM and CP, with an effective degradability of 75.6 and 70.89%. Further, soybean whole grain presented low soluble fraction for DM and CP, respectively 4.79 and 8.73%, with low ruminal degradability. Crambe whole grain and crushed meal had the highest ADF rates, with low ruminal degradability for DM and CP. Rates for potentially degradable and soluble fraction were similar. Evaluated feeds had medium ruminal degradability, except for soybean crushed meal with the highest rate in ruminal degradability.

This study aimed to determine the influence of sustained-release recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) injections on biometrics measures, bodyweight (BW), average BW gain, observed and predicted DM intake, accuracy of recent methods to estimate DM intake, blood metabolites, haematological profile and rectal temperature in dairy heifers. Thirty Holstein heifers (132 ± 27 kg BW and 6.2 ± 0.35 months of age) were used in a complete randomised design experiment. Heifers were assigned to treatments: (1) Control (CON), 250 mL of saline solution, or (2) rbST, 250 mg of sustained-release rbST every 15 days. Treatments were injected in the subcutaneous of ischiorectal fossa or subscapular region in a regular alternating manner (right and left side) every 15 days throughout a period of 90 days. Prediction of DM intake was calculated using either non-linear or linear models for heifers in tropical conditions. rbST injections increased the average values of thoracic perimeter, length, and rump width in heifers. rbST-treated heifers had higher average BW and BW gain than CON. Regardless of the model applied, both observed and predicted DM intake were higher for heifers rbST-treated in relation to CON. Non-linear model was accurate without significant bias. rbST injections elevated blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in heifers. No differences were detected on haematological profile and rectal temperature of heifers. rbST injections every 15 days to growing heifers promoted animal performance by increasing biometrics measures and BW gain. In addition, non-linear model was accurate to predict DM intake of heifers.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:01:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-01 Aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and ruminal degradation of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of the leaves and the industrialization of waste guariroba for their use in ruminant feed, using the completely randomized design with four treatments (Residue Cleaning 1 (RL1); Waste Cleanup 2 (RL2); Residue Cleaning 3 (RL3)) and three replications. The sheet showed better dry matter (34.43%) and crude protein (10.40%) compared to cleaning residues. The potential and effective degradability of dry matter was higher in leaf guariroba (44.44 and 34.24%), respectively. There was a significant difference (P

O trabalho foi realizado objetivando avaliar os efeitos energético e protéico em0 uplementos múltiplos sobre o ensaio de produção, concentração do N uréico no plasma e parâmetros econômicos de bovinos em fase de recria, manejados em pastagens, durante a época da seca. Foram utilizados 32 novilhos de corte divididos em 4 grupos de 8 animais e analisados por um delineamento de blocos ao acaso a 5% de significância. Cada grupo recebeu um tratamento com pastagem e acrescido de sal mineralizado + uréia + milho; sal mineralizado + uréia + farelo de soja; sal mineralizado + uréia + milho + farelo de soja. Não observou diferença (P>0,05) das suplementações no ganho de peso e o peso médio metabólico, o que pode ser justificado pela qualidade da pastagem aliada à disponibilidade de MS/ha e para a variável N-uréico no sangue indicou o maior teor protéico, oriundo dos 50,0% de participação do farelo de soja na composição do tratamento. A suplementação para animais em pastejo com misturas de natureza múltipla e de baixo consumo proporcionou ganhos de peso apreciáveis, e sua aplicação depende do preço dos insumos e o da arroba de carne.The research was carried out to evaluate the protein-energy effect of multiple supplements on animal production, N urea in plasmatic quantities and economic parameter of growing beef cattle in pasture during dry season. Thirty-two castrated beef cattle steers were divided into four groups of eight animals. They were analyzed according to a randomized block design at 5% of significance. Each group received one treatment to pasture with addition of mineral salt + urea + corn; mineral salt + urea + soybean meal; mineral salt + urea + corn + soybean meal. There was no difference (P>0.05) between supplements for daily LWG and for average metabolic weight. This can be justified by forage quality combined with availability of DM/ha. As for the variable N-urea in the blood, results indicated higher protein value as an effect of the 50 % addition of soybean meal in the treatment composition. The supplementation of animals in pasture with multiple supplements and low consumption allowed LWG benefits. Its use depends on the cost of the supplement and the price of the meat

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-18T15:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-01Bitstream added on 2015-03-18T16:28:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000340334200041.pdf: 635849 bytes, checksum: 4e12d64fa91df8b77894354cbe1f112a (MD5) It was aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of grass silage-mombasa associated with different additives in four times of opening the silo. The experiment was conducted in UFGD. After harvesting the forage, biomass in natura crushed, was taken to the lab, homogenized and enriched on the basis of natural mass, with the following additives: 5% wheat bran, 5% of waste (broken grain and soy ice cream cone) of soybean, 5% urea in natural matter and the witness (without additive). The silos were opened after (unprocessed material), 15, 30 and 45 days, for the analysis of chemical composition. The data obtained were analyzed through the statistical programme SISVAR and averages were compared to 5% of probability, by Skott-Knot. The grass silage-mombasa without additive presented major (P0.05) of grass silage- mombasa associated with 5 of urea in 15 days and 45 of silage. The grass silage-mombasa with 5% urea showed the highest crude protein content at time 0 and differed from other treatments. The silage of mombasa associated with 5% urea provided greater in vitro digestibility of dry matter to 15 days of silage. UFGD, Fac Ciencias Agr, Dourados, MS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil UFGD, Dourados, MS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Four steers in individual paddocks with Marandu grass (B. Brizantha) in 4x4 square design were used to evaluate sunflower crushed supplementation in pasture-grazing animals on nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis. Supplements at 6 g kg-1 body weight comprised corn, soybean meal, and mineral and soybean meal substituted at proportions 0, 20, 40 and 60%. Diet contained averages 6.79, 6.96, 7.10 and 6.87% nitrogen respectively for substitution levels 0, 20, 40 and 60%. The inclusion of sunflower crushed (SC) increased nitrogen intake and fecal excretion of nitrogen while providing a positive balance. Animals' plasma urea concentration supplemented with SC was 28.13% lower than that of supplemented animals without SC. SC inclusion did not change allantoin concentration, purine derivatives, microbial nitrogen, crude microbial protein and microbial efficiency microbial, with mean rates totaling 150.98 mmol day-1; 158.06 mmol day-1, 112.35 g day-1, 702.18 g day-1; 146.41 crude protein (CP) microbial kg-1 of TDN. Partial replacement of soybean meal by sunflower crushed improves nitrogen balance without altering microbial protein synthesis and excretion of urea and creatinine. Para se avaliar a suplementação de torta de girassol em novilhos mantidos a pasto, sobre o balanço de nitrogênio e a síntese de proteína microbiana, foram utilizados quatro animais em piquetes com capim Marandu (B. Brizantha), em quadrado latino 4x4. Os suplementos foram fornecidos na quantidade de 6 g kg-1 de peso vivo dia-1; constituídos de milho, farelo de soja e mineral, sendo o farelo de soja substituído nas proporções de 0, 20, 40, e 60%. A dieta disponível apresentava em média 6,79; 6,96; 7,10 e 6,87% de nitrogênio, para os níveis de substituição de 0, 20, 40 e 60%. A inclusão da torta de girassol (TG) elevou o N ingerido e o N fecal, proporcionando balanço positivo. A concentração plasmática de ureia dos animais suplementados com TG foi 28,13% inferior aos animais suplementados sem TG. A inclusão de TG não alterou a concentração de alantoína, os derivados de purina, o nitrogênio microbiano, proteína bruta microbiana e eficiência microbiana, apresentando valores médios de 150,98 mmol dia-1; 158,06 mmol dia-1; 112,35 g dia-1; 702,18 g dia-1; 146,41 proteína bruta microbiana kg-1 NDT. A substituição parcial do farelo de soja pela torta de girassol melhorou o balanço de nitrogênio, sem alterar a síntese de proteína microbiana e a excreção de ureia e creatinina.

Four steers in individual paddocks with Marandu grass (B. Brizantha) in 4x4 square design were used to evaluate sunflower crushed supplementation in pasture-grazing animals on nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis. Supplements at 6 g kg-1 body weight comprised corn, soybean meal, and mineral and soybean meal substituted at proportions 0, 20, 40 and 60%. Diet contained averages 6.79, 6.96, 7.10 and 6.87% nitrogen respectively for substitution levels 0, 20, 40 and 60%. The inclusion of sunflower crushed (SC) increased nitrogen intake and fecal excretion of nitrogen while providing a positive balance. Animals’ plasma urea concentration supplemented with SC was 28.13% lower than that of supplemented animals without SC. SC inclusion did not change allantoin concentration, purine derivatives, microbial nitrogen, crude microbial protein and microbial efficiency microbial, with mean rates totaling 150.98 mmol day-1; 158.06 mmol day-1, 112.35 g day-1, 702.18 g day-1; 146.41 crude protein (CP) microbial kg-1 of TDN. Partial replacement of soybean meal by sunflower crushed improves nitrogen balance without altering microbial protein synthesis and excretion of urea and creatinine. Four steers in individual paddocks with Marandu grass (B. Brizantha) in 4x4 square designwere used to evaluate sunflower crushed supplementation in pasture-grazing animals on nitrogen balanceand microbial protein synthesis. Supplements at 6 g kg-1 body weight comprised corn, soybean meal, andmineral and soybean meal substituted at proportions 0, 20, 40 and 60%. Diet contained averages 6.79, 6.96,7.10 and 6.87% nitrogen respectively for substitution levels 0, 20, 40 and 60%. The inclusion of sunflowercrushed (SC) increased nitrogen intake and fecal excretion of nitrogen while providing a positive balance.Animals’ plasma urea concentration supplemented with SC was 28.13% lower than that of supplementedanimals without SC. SC inclusion did not change allantoin concentration, purine derivatives, microbialnitrogen, crude microbial protein and microbial efficiency microbial, with mean rates totaling 150.98 mmolday-1; 158.06 mmol day-1, 112.35 g day-1, 702.18 g day-1; 146.41 crude protein (CP) microbial kg-1 of TDN.Partial replacement of soybean meal by sunflower crushed improves nitrogen balance without alteringmicrobial protein synthesis and excretion of urea and creatinine

Thirty-six experimental silos arranged in a completely randomized 4 x 3 factorial design were provided to evaluate the chemical changes of sunflower silage treated with soybean hulls, sunflower crushed and urea at 14, 21 and 28 days of ensilage. The additives were based on 5% natural matter, whereas control consisted of silage with 100% sunflower plant. OM, NDIP, and MM had average rates 911.2; 86.6 and 92.9 g kg-1 of dry matter respectively. The addition of soybean hulls and sunflower crushed increased DM rates after 28 and 21 days. Urea increased nitrogen fractions and the addition of soybean hulls increased total carbohydrate content of silage by 5.1%, whereas the addition of sunflower crushed decreased the same by 2.18%. NDF, ADF and hemicellulose average rates were 625.4, 460.3 and 165.2 g kg-1 of DM. The addition of soybean hulls and sunflower crushed reduced the in vitro dry matter digestibility by 8.3 and 5.97%. The addition of 5% sunflower crushed and soybean hulls improved the nutritional value of sunflower silage and the addition of urea improved the protein rates. Para se avaliar as alterações bromatológicas da silagem de girassol com casca de soja, torta de girassol e uréia com 14, 21 e 28 dias de ensilagem, foram confeccionados 36 silos experimentais, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado num esquema fatorial 4 x 3. Os aditivos foram adicionados, na base de matéria natural de 5%; e o controle foi a silagem de 100% da planta de girassol. Os teores de MO, PIDN e MM, apresentaram médias de 911,2; 86,6 e 92,9 g kg-1 de MS. A adição de casca de soja e torta de girassol elevou o teor de MS após 28 e 21 dias. A uréia incrementou as frações nitrogenadas e, a adição de casca de soja proporcionou aumento no teor de carboidratos totais em 5,1% e a adição de torta de girassol, redução de 2,18%. Os teores médios de FDN, FDA e hemicelulose, foram de 625,4; 460,3 e 165,2 g kg-1 de MS. A adição de casca de soja e torta de girassol reduziu a digestibilidade in vitro da MS em, 8,3 e 5,97%. A adição de 5% de torta de girassol e de casca de soja melhora o valor nutricional da silagem de girassol e a adição de uréia o perfil protéico.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho zootecnico e economico de cordeiros mesticos (½ Santa Ines + ½ Sulfolk), em confinamento, recebendo diferentes dietas a base de feno de genotipos de Cynodon dactylon , atraves do uso de indicadores financeiros considerando o periodo de confinamento, sem relaciona-lo com o manejo de ciclo completo. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros, machos, nao castrados, mesticos Suffolk, identificados com brinco na orelha, com media de idade de 90 dias e peso corporal medio de 21,5 kg. As dietas foram formuladas utilizando um concentrado padrao e feno dos seguintes genotipos de Cynodon dactylon : Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 e Russel, em uma relacao volumoso concentrado de 60:40, constituindo os tratamentos, distribuidos em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com 5 repeticoes. Houve diferenca significativa entre as dietas para as despesas totais com a alimentacao, sendo os maiores valores para o Jiggs (BRL 48,96/animal). Os animais que receberam dietas a base de feno de Tifton 68 apresentaram maior taxa de retorno (2,16%) e lucratividade (34,63%) em relacao as demais dietas. A utilizacao de dietas a base de feno de Tifton 68 para cordeiros em fase terminacao, em confinamento, permite obter maior rentabilidade economica em relacao as demais dietas.

To evaluate the grass B. brizantha cv. Marandu, under grazing, we use three sampling methods: total availability (TA), hand plucked (HP) and extrusa (EXT) in a completely randomized design with four replications. The hand plucked method was collected manually after observing the behavior of grazing animals. TA was determined by cutting at ground level, using a metallic square (0.25 m²) and EXT was collected by rumen evacuation. The values for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), were 27.20, 88.52 and 43.70% in the treatment and HP, and 25.53, 87.70 and 45.50% in TA. The extrusa had the lowest DM content (15.88%) and higher crude protein (CP) (15.22%), possibly due to the presence of saliva. The levels checked for extrusa NDF, ADF and in vitro digestibility of dry matter were 81.98, 36.90 and 79.10%, demonstrating the selectivity of the animals. The high levels of FDA for TA reflect the composition of the forage with the high proportion of senescent material. The samples obtained by the total availability were not representative of the diet consumed by cattle. The different sampling methods influence the chemical composition of B. Brizantha cv. Marandu. Objetivou-se avaliar o capim B. brizantha cv. Marandu, sob pastejo, utilizando-se os métodos de coleta: disponibilidade total (DT), pastejo simulado (PS) e extrusa (EXT). O pastejo simulado foi colhido manualmente após observação do comportamento de pastejo dos animais. A DT foi determinada por meio de corte rente ao solo, com uso de um quadrado metálico (0,25 m²) e a EXT foi coletada por esvaziamento ruminal. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os teores de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), foram de 27,20; 88,52 e 43,70% no tratamento PS e 25,53; 87,70 e 45,50% no tratamento DT. A extrusa apresentou o menor teor de MS (15,88%) e o maior teor de proteína bruta (PB) (15,22%), possivelmente em função da presença de saliva. Os teores verificados na extrusa para FDN, FDA e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca foram de 81,98; 36,90 e 79,10%, demonstrando a seletividade dos animais. Os altos teores de FDA no tratamento DT refletem a composição da forragem que apresentou elevada proporção de material senescente. As amostras obtidas pela disponibilidade total não foram representativas da dieta ingerida pelos bovinos. Os diferentes métodos de amostragem influenciam na composição bromatológica da B. Brizantha cv. Marandu.

Avaliou-se a degradabilidade in situ, dos grãos de linhaça, canola, colza e milho, caroço de algodão, e dos concentrados casca e farelo de soja, em ovinos. Foram utilizados três animais da raça Santa Inês, fistulados e providos de cânulas ruminais, mantidos em baias individuais, recebendo diariamente capim picado e ração concentrada. Os alimentos foram incubados em ordem decrescente de 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 e 0h. O teor de proteína dos alimentos avaliados foram 34,77; 30,07; 23,70; 10,64; 26,12; 14,65 e 56,90% para canola, colza, linhaça, milho, caroço de algodão, casca de soja e farelo de soja, respectivamente. A canola e a colza apresentaram baixa degradabilidade efetiva para a MS, com valor médio de 33,68%. O grão de linhaça apresentou degradabilidade efetiva para a MS de 64,24%, com fração potencialmente degradável de 87,89%. O milho apresentou fração solúvel de 12,33% e uma degradação de 39,67% para a MS. O farelo de soja apresentou-se dentro dos parâmetros normais de degradação com 52,61% para a MS e 52,83% para PB. Para a linhaça, canola e colza a degradabilidade da proteína apresentou valor médio de 18,34%. Os grãos de avaliados apresentaram baixa degradabilidade efetiva para a matéria seca e proteína bruta. This study evaluated in situ ruminal degradability of grains of linseed, canola, rapeseed and corn, whole cottonseed, as well as soybean hulls and soybean meal, in sheep. Three Santa Inês sheep were fistulated and fitted with rumen cannulas. The animals were housed in individual stalls, receiving chopped grass and concentrated feed daily. Feeds were incubated in descending order of 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 and 0h. Protein content was 34.77% for canola, 30.07% for rapeseed, 23.70% for linseed, 10.64% for corn, 26.12% for cottonseed, 14.65% for soybean hulls, and 56.90% for soybean meal. Canola and rapeseed showed low effective degradability of DM, with mean value of 33.68%. Linseed grain had DM degradability of 64.24%, with 87.89% potential degradable fraction. Corn grain showed soluble fraction of 12.33% and 39.67% degradation for DM. Soybean meal was within normal parameters of degradation, with 52.61% for DM and 52.83% for CP. For linseed, canola and rapeseed, average protein degradability value was 18.34%. The evaluated grains showed low effective degradability for dry matter and crude protein.

Performance of Steers Supplemented in Pasture with Protein-energy Mineral Salt in dry season. The research was carried out to evaluate the protein-energy effect of multiple supplements on animal production, N urea in plasmatic quantities and economic parameter of growing beef cattle in pasture during dry season. Thirty-two castrated beef cattle steers were divided into four groups of eight animals. They were analyzed according to a randomized block design at 5% of significance. Each group received one treatment to pasture with addition of mineral salt + urea + corn; mineral salt + urea + soybean meal; mineral salt + urea + corn + soybean meal. There was no difference (P>0.05) between supplements for daily LWG and for average metabolic weight. This can be justified by forage quality combined with availability of DM/ha. As for the variable N-urea in the blood, results indicated higher protein value as an effect of the 50 % addition of soybean meal in the treatment composition. The supplementation of animals in pasture with multiple supplements and low consumption allowed LWG benefits. Its use depends on the cost of the supplement and the price of the meat.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T15:29:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-11-04T10:16:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000352019800035.pdf: 673643 bytes, checksum: bc8e0ef28c3247367b2d8b98222df731 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Objetivou-se avaliar a cinética ruminal de cinco genótipos do gênero Cynodon (Tifton 85, Jiggs, Russel, Tifton 68 e Vaqueiro), colhidos com idades de 28, 48, 63 e 79 dias com potencial para fenação. Para a degradabilidade in situ utilizaram três novilhos com cânulas ruminais, com tempos de incubação de 96, 72, 48, 12, 6 e 0 hora. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas (gramíneas como parcelas e idade ao corte como subparcelas) com três repetições. Houve redução (P

Este experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes suplementos minerais sobre a degradabilidade da MS, PB e FDN em bovinos a pasto, nas dependências da Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Cuiabá, MT, entre julho e novembro de 2001 e dividido em três períodos, com intervalos de 28 dias. Foram utilizados doze novilhos de corte, castrados, com idade e peso médio de 18 meses e 240 kg, respectivamente, com raças e graus de sangue diversos, fistulados no rúmen. Pelo manejo diferido da pastagem, dividiu-se a área em seis piquetes, providos de comedouro coberto e bebedouro. Utilizou-se o pastejo rotacionado com quatorze dias de ocupação, e a taxa de lotação de 1 animal/ha. Os tratamentos foram: T0 - pastagem sem minerais (Testemunha); T1 - pastagem com sal mineralizado; T2 - pastagem com sal mineralizado + uréia; T3 - pastagem com sal mineralizado + uréia + milho; T4 - pastagem com sal mineralizado + uréia + farelo de soja e T5 - pastagem com sal mineralizado + uréia + milho + farelo de soja. A forragem foi obtida pela técnica de simulação de pastejo, homogeneizada, sendo retirada uma amostra composta seca em estufa para moagem. A forragem utilizada no ensaio de degradabilidade apresentou média de 8,4% PB e 77,2% FDN, em base de MS e foi incubada in natura com 37,2% MS. Para a degradabilidade ruminal, foi utilizada a técnica do saco de náilon. As amostras de forragem foram colocadas nos sacos, obedecendo-se à relação de 20 mgMS/cm2 de superfície, incubados no rúmen durante 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 e 96 horas. A degradabilidade potencial e efetiva e a fração não degradável da MS, PB e FDN foram analisadas utilizando-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições pelo teste de Scott Knott. Os blocos foram organizados considerando cada animal fistulado. Pelos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que, para a degradabilidade efetiva da MS, houve diferença (P< 0,07) entre os tratamentos e as taxas de degradação da PB e FDN da forragem não houve influências (P>0,05) dos tratamentos. O fornecimento de fonte nitrogenada e/ou energética mostrou ser eficiente na degradabilidade efetiva da MS, em média, 6,8% maior do que os outros sem essas fontes. The experiment was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the effect of different mineral supplements on the degradability of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber in cattle on pasture, at Escola Agrotecnica Federal de Cuiabá - MT, from July to November, 2001. It was utilized 12 steers. Twelve steers aged 18 months and average weight of 240 kilograms, from several breedings and rumen fistulated, were utilized. From the differing management of the pasture, the area was divided into six padlocks, provided with covered drinker and feeder. The rotated grazing with 14 days occupation and the stocking rate of 1 animal/ha was utilized. The treatments were: T0 - pasture without minerals (control); T1 - pasture with mineralized salt; T2 - Pasture with mineralized salt plus urea; T3 - Pasture with mineralized salt plus urea plus corn; T4 - pasture with mineralized salt plus urea plus soybean meal; T5 - pasture with mineralized salt plus urea plus soybean meal plus corn. The sample of forage was obtained by the technique of simulated grazing and homogenized. The forage used in the degradability trial showed a mean of 8.4% of CP and 77.2% of NDF on the DM basis and was incubated in natura with 37.2% DM. The in situ ruminal degradability was obteined with the nylon bag technique. Each nylon bag contained 20 mg DM/cm² of surface and incubated in rumen for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The potential and effective degradability and the undegradable fraction of DM, CP and NDF were analyzed utilizing the Randomized Block Design with six treatments and six replicates and means compared by the Scott Knott test. The blocks were arranged by considering each fistulated animal. The results obtained showed that, for the effective degradability of DM, there was difference (P0.05) by the treatments. Feeding nitrogen and/or energy source in supplement provided efficient and effective degradability of DM, on average, 6.8% bigger than the others without these sources.

This study aimed to evaluate body morphometry and qualitative traits of carcasses and meat of lambs in a feedlot, fed hay Cynodon genotypes: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast -Cross, Tifton 85 and Russel. The diets had forage to concentrate ratio of 60:40 for all levels of performance. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 5 animals per treatment, randomly assigned according to body weight. There was no significant difference in slaughter weight, yield of carcass muscle and hot, with average values of 33.67 kg, 42.74 and 53.20%, respectively. There was a significant difference for heart girth and length of carcass, where the animals of the treatment Jiggs had greater in vivo measurements (78.40 and 67.60 cm, respectively). To the perimeter of leg, carcasses relating to Russel and Vaquero treatments had lesser extent. Lambs supplemented with hay Cynodon had potential for production of carcasses and meat quality.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:08:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-86722014000300015.pdf: 591230 bytes, checksum: 727f35c86f75cab982727d256ab79225 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O presente experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de suplementações sobre o desempenho produtivo e parâmetros econômicos de novilhos de corte, em fase de recria, manejados em pastagens durante a época da seca. Foram utilizados 24 novilhos castrados, com idade e peso médios de 18 meses e de 269 kg, respectivamente. Foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos: pastagem sem minerais (P); pastagem e sal mineralizado (PSM) e pastagem e sal mineralizado mais ureia (PSMU). A composição bromatológica caracterizou-se por baixos conteúdos de proteína bruta e altos valores de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido para forragens amostradas na forma de coleta completa comparada com a técnica de simulação de pastejo. Os animais sob os tratamentos com suplementação mineralizada mais ureia apresentaram ganhos de peso diários médios superiores (p < 0,05) ao daquele submetido apenas à pastagem. No entanto, quando o peso médio foi expresso em peso metabólico apenas o tratamento com ureia apresentou superioridade nos dados (p < 0,05). A suplementação de animais em pastejo mostrou-se uma técnica economicamente rentável, sendo que a utilização de sal mineralizado com ureia no período seco possibilita melhor desempenho a custos viáveis. The present study evaluated the effects of supplements on the productive performance and economical parameters of beef steers on pastures during the dry season. Twenty-four castrated steers with average age and weight of eighteen months and 269 kg, respectively, were evaluated in the following treatments: pasture without minerals (P); pasture and mineral salt (PMS) and pasture and mineral salt plus urea (PMSU). The chemical composition showed low contents of crude protein and high values of neutral and acid detergent fiber for forages sampled in the form of complete collection compared with the grazing simulation technique. The supplementation with mineral salt plus urea led to a higher average daily gain (p < 0.05) than the animals on pasture without mineral. However, when the average daily gain was expressed per metabolic weight, the supplementation with mineral salt plus urea was superior (p < 0.05). The supplementation of animals on pasture proved economically profitable, and the use of mineral salt with urea in the dry season enables a better performance at viable costs. Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal de Lavras Departamento de Zootecnia Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Mato Grosso Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia

Ruminal degradability of crambe, sunflower and soybean grains and their by-products in sheep was evaluated by an “in situ” technique. Three 40 kg-Santa Ines fistulated sheep provided with ruminal cannula and kept in individual pens were analyzed. Feeds were incubated in the rumen in the following decreasing order 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 and 0h. The potentially degradable fraction for DM in sunflower meal amounted to 73.7%, whereas it reached 34.6% in the case of CP, with medium ruminal degradation. Sunflower grain had low ruminal degradability for DM and CP (33.55 and 25.98%). Crushed soybean grain had soluble fraction of 23.15 and 7.79% respectively for DM and CP, with an effective degradability of 75.6 and 70.89%. Further, soybean whole grain presented low soluble fraction for DM and CP, respectively 4.79 and 8.73%, with low ruminal degradability. Crambe whole grain and crushed meal had the highest ADF rates, with low ruminal degradability for DM and CP. Rates for potentially degradable and soluble fraction were similar. Evaluated feeds had medium ruminal degradability, except for soybean crushed meal with the highest rate in ruminal degradability.