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In the past decade a stream of studies has analyzed the determinants of eco‐innovation. Four main clusters of drivers have been identified in the literature: “technology push,” “market pull,” “regulatory push‐pull,” and “firm specific factors.” Nevertheless, the empirical quantitative and comparative analysis of those clusters is rare, scattered and inconclusive. This article aims to fill this gap by analyzing the determinants of eco‐innovation on the basis of a meta‐analytic study of quantitative empirical studies published over the period 2006 to 2017—a meta‐analysis which accounts for a total of 211,123 firms. The findings show that firms with collaborative networks and/or more environmental concern are more prone to eco‐innovate, emphasizing the role of “technology push” as the main cluster of determinants, regardless of whether a typology of eco‐innovation is included as a moderator in the meta‐analysis. Based on the results of the meta‐analytic study, the paper discusses several courses of action to foster eco‐innovation and achieve environmental benefits.

Ikerketa lan honen helburua Araba eta Bizkaiarekin batera Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa osatzen duen Gipuzkoa Herrialdearen errealitatearen ezagutzan sakontzea da. Horretarako Gipuzkoako udalerri guztientzat eskuragarri dauden datu estatistikoez baliaturik sozio-ekonomia eta ingurumenari loturiko ezaugarri nagusienen aurkezpen sintetiko bat egingo da lehenik eta ondoren aldagai anitzeko teknika estatistiko batez baliaturik Gipuzkoako Herrialde osora hedatuko den iraunkortasunari buruzko azterketa bat garatuko da. Hau da, Udalmap delakoan aurki daitezkeen adierazleetan oinarrituko garaeta Osagai Nagusien Analisia (ONA) metodologiaz baliatuz Gipuzkoako udalerrien sailkapena egingo da iraunkortasunean erreparatuta.

This work has calculated the organisational environmental and social footprint of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) in 2016. First, input and output data flows of the UPV/EHU activity were collected. Next, the environmental and social impacts of the academic activity were modelled, using the Ecoinvent 3.3 database with the PSILCA-based Soca v1 module in openLCA software. In order to evaluate the environmental impacts, CML and ReCiPe LCIA methods were used. The Social Impact Weighting Method was adjusted for the assessment of specific social impacts. The modelling has identified some hotspots in the organisation. The contribution of transport (8,900 km per user, annually) is close to 60% in most of the environmental impacts considered. The life cycle of computers stands out among the impacts derived from the consumption of material products. More than half of environmental impacts are located outside the Basque Country. This work has also made it possible to estimate some of the impacts of the organisational social footprint, such as accidents at work, only some of which occur at the UPV/EHU. Traces of child labour and illiteracy have also been detected in the social footprint that supports the activity of the UPV/EHU. Some of the social and environmental impacts analysed are not directly generated by the UPV/EHU, but they all demand attention and co-responsibility. Based on the modelling performed, this work explores alternative scenarios and recommends some improvement actions which may reduce (in some cases over 30%) the environmental and social impacts of the UPV/EHU's activity. These scenarios and improvement actions will feed a process with stakeholders in the UPV/ EHU based on the Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodology. To the Sustainability Directorate and the Educational Advisory Service, both belonging to the Vice-Chancellor's Office for Innovation, Social Commitment and Social Action of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, in the context of the Campus Bizia Lab programme (2017/18, 18/19 and 19/20 calls) for the financing of the EHU-Aztarna project. This research has also been supported by 'Ekopol: Iraunkortasunerako Bideak' research group, recognised by the Basque Government (IT1365-19) and the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (GIC-18/22).

Groupers are an important part of the world-wide catch of finfish and are of great importance to artisanal and sport fisheries. Their biological characteristics, including very large size, slow growth, longevity, late age-at-maturity and the tendency to form spawning aggregations makes them particularly vulnerable to overfishing. In Baja California, Mexico, the lack of robust historical catch data and fishery independent estimates of abundance hinders the assessment of temporal trends in population size and the evaluation of grouper population dynamics, as well the development and implementation of adequate management plans. Using an interdisciplinary approach that included (1) the review of non-scientific historical documents, (2) analysis of official catch records, (3) interviews with three generations of fishermen and (4) visual censuses to estimate abundance and the current size distribution, we reconstructed the historical abundance and maximum sizes of six species of Serranids of the genera Epinephelus and Mycteroperca as well as Stereolepis gigas in the Magdalena-Almejas Bay lagoonal complex in northwestern Mexico. Although catch volumes increased by 225% during the last 13 years, fishermen perception indicated a 30% decrease in the estimated maximum size and 57% decrease in the maximum weight captured over the past four decades. Based on insight gained from the four approaches, the general trend suggested an overall decrease in the abundance of some species. However, these changes were not perceived equally by the three generations of interviewed fishers; only older fishermen (>55 years of age) perceived a drastic decrease in population size. It is therefore important to involve young fishers in educational programs to avoid incurring in a shifting baseline syndrome. The limited quantitative data available for the region coupled with a trend toward lower abundance and smaller maximum sizes makes the implementation of specific monitoring and management measures for these species imperative.

In this paper, we study the extent to which the enormous increase of cross-border holdings of capital impacts the manner in which the terms of trade affect a country's external balance. We find that the impact of a shock in the terms of trade on the external balance depends on whether the traditional rule or the new view for the current account dominates. If the new view for the current account holds, the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect holds for creditor countries: a deterioration of the terms of trade deteriorates the external balance. However, if the traditional rule dominates, changes in the terms of trade may not affect the external balance, and the effect fails to hold. The empirical evidence, based on a sample of 37 countries from 1970 to 2009, shows that when the ratio of the net foreign asset position is approximately between −15% and +15% as a share of domestic wealth, the new view dominates and the effect holds for creditor countries; however, in large creditor or debtor countries, the traditional rule dominates, and the effect ceases to hold.

Este Trabajo Fin de Máster tiene como objetivo estudiar cómo se aborda el estudio de la estadística en el alumnado de 3º de ESO. El trabajo se estructura en dos partes. En la primera parte se realiza un estudio longitudinal del currículo y en los libros de texto en el tercer ciclo de Primaria, en ESO y en Bachillerato con relación al tema indicado. En la segunda parte se propone un proceso de estudio sobre el aprendizaje de la estadística, que se ha puesto en marcha en un aula de 3º de ESO de matemáticas orientadas a las enseñanzas académicas en el marco del Practicum II del Máster. Los resultados extraídos de esta experimentación se fundamentan en un cuestionario construido ad hoc, teniendo en cuenta asimismo las restricciones institucionales. El trabajo concluye con una síntesis, unas conclusiones y unas cuestiones abiertas. Máster Universitario en Profesorado de Educación Secundaria por la Universidad Pública de Navarra Bigarren Hezkuntzako Irakasletzako Unibertsitate Masterra Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoan

This paper presents the analysis, control and implementation of the interleaved three-port boost converter. The scope of this paper is the interfacing of photovoltaic systems that include storage. A new symmetrical PWM modulation strategy that prevents unwanted switching states without requiring external circuitry is presented. This modulation allows for proper sampling of the measurements, increasing thus their accuracy. Large- and small-signal models of the interleaved and non-interleaved three port boost converters are presented and transfer functions are derived for control design purposes. The different currents in the converter are controlled using control loops that govern the behavior of the converter. These loops are intuitively designed by treating them independently. With the proper loop bandwidth selection, the converter achieves fast response and good reference tracking and is suitable to interface photovoltaic and storage systems with different kinds of loads. The presented models, modulation and control loops are validated through simulation and with experimental results., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

18 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, supporting information https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14630, Tuna are globally distributed species of major commercial importance and some tuna species are a major source of protein in many countries. Tuna are characterized by dynamic distribution patterns that respond to climate variability and long-term change. Here, we investigated the effect of environmental conditions on the worldwide distribution and relative abundance of six tuna species between 1958 and 2004 and estimated the expected end-of-the-century changes based on a high-greenhouse gas concentration scenario (RCP8.5). We created species distribution models using a long-term Japanese longline fishery dataset and two-step generalized additive models. Over the historical period, suitable habitats shifted poleward for 20 out of 22 tuna stocks, based on their gravity centre (GC) and/or one of their distribution limits. On average, tuna habitat distribution limits have shifted poleward 6.5 km per decade in the northern hemisphere and 5.5 km per decade in the southern hemisphere. Larger tuna distribution shifts and changes in abundance are expected in the future, especially by the end-of-the-century (2080–2099). Temperate tunas (albacore, Atlantic bluefin, and southern bluefin) and the tropical bigeye tuna are expected to decline in the tropics and shift poleward. In contrast, skipjack and yellowfin tunas are projected to become more abundant in tropical areas as well as in most coastal countries' exclusive economic zones (EEZ). These results provide global information on the potential effects of climate change in tuna populations and can assist countries seeking to minimize these effects via adaptive management, This research was funded by the Basque Government (Department Deputy of Agriculture, Fishing, and Food Policy) and Fundación Biodiversidad (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture and Fishing, Food and Environment; CLIREMAR project). M. Erauskin has benefited from a Basque Government scholarship through Economic Development and Infrastructures Department. [...] A. Cabre is grateful for the “Beatriu de Pinos” fellowship and the program Marie Curie Actions COFUND of the 7th Framework Program for Research and Technological Development of the European Union

Summary Through the generation of humanized FUS mice expressing full-length human FUS, we identify that when expressed at near endogenous murine FUS levels, both wild-type and ALS-causing and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-causing mutations complement the essential function(s) of murine FUS. Replacement of murine FUS with mutant, but not wild-type, human FUS causes stress-mediated induction of chaperones, decreased expression of ion channels and transporters essential for synaptic function, and reduced synaptic activity without loss of nuclear FUS or its cytoplasmic aggregation. Most strikingly, accumulation of mutant human FUS is shown to activate an integrated stress response and to inhibit local, intra-axonal protein synthesis in hippocampal neurons and sciatic nerves. Collectively, our evidence demonstrates that human ALS/FTD-linked mutations in FUS induce a gain of toxicity that includes stress-mediated suppression in intra-axonal translation, synaptic dysfunction, and progressive age-dependent motor and cognitive disease without cytoplasmic aggregation, altered nuclear localization, or aberrant splicing of FUS-bound pre-mRNAs. Video Abstract, Graphical Abstract, Highlights • Toxicity, not loss of function, of ALS/FTD-linked mutant FUS drives disease • Intra-axonal protein synthesis is inhibited by ALS/FTD-causing mutants in FUS • Toxicity from ALS/FTD-linked mutants in FUS induces an integrated stress response • ALS/FTD mutants in FUS reduce synaptic activity without loss of nuclear FUS, Mutations in FUS are causative of ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). López-Erauskin et al. show that disease-causing mutant FUS inhibits intra-axonal protein synthesis and provokes hippocampal synaptic loss and dysfunction without loss of nuclear FUS function or FUS aggregation.

This paper employs a stochastic growth model to study the impact of international financial liberalization on the share of productive government expenditure in GDP. Financial liberalization is specified to take the form of reducing the costs of both lending to, and borrowing from, abroad. This is shown to impinge on the economy through (i) its interaction with the volatility of returns to domestic capital, and (ii) the impact on agents’ allocation of their portfolio across domestic and foreign assets, and its effect on domestic activity. Reduced foreign lending costs tend to divert resources from the domestic economy, requiring the government to compensate by increasing the share of domestic output allocated to productive activity. Reducing borrowing costs have the opposite effects. Empirical evidence, using a dataset of 97 countries over the period 1970 to 2015 provides convincing support for these findings and the underlying mechanism.

Application of feedback linearization control to interleaved three-port boost converter is presented. The control presents a fast transient response and is able to share the current between the two branches of the converter while controlling the output voltage for standalone operation. In order to extend its operation range and make it able to work in different operating points, an outer loop for the current reference generation is used. Simulation results are presented showing the proposed operation of the converter and its features are discussed.

In this paper, we show that the impact of a transitory income shock on the current account is equal to a combination of the traditional rule (i.e., the amount of savings) and the new view (i.e., the marginal unit of capital is equal to the average unit of capital), or a combination of the traditional rule and the new rule (i.e., the amount of savings multiplied by the net foreign asset position over domestic wealth) when growth rates are similar. The empirical evidence suggests that the support for the traditional rule and the new view or the new rule depends crucially on the size of the net foreign asset position of the country. For “moderate” net foreign asset positions the new view or the new rule dominate. However, for “large” creditor or debtor countries the traditional rule dominates, but the reaction is weaker for debtor countries.

In this note, we show that the two main concerns against the new rule for the current account are flawed. The new rule states that the impact of a transitory income shock on the current account is given by the savings generated by the shock multiplied by the ratio of the net foreign asset position to domestic wealth. First, we adapt the new rule to distinguish between gross and net foreign asset positions. Second, we demonstrate that the results for the new rule are driven neither by an accounting-based “approximate” regression nor a steady state.

Inefficient renal excretion of uric acid is the main pathophysiological mechanism for hyperuricemia in gout patients. Polymorphisms of renal tubular transporters linked with sodium and monosaccharide transport have yet to be demonstrated. We intended to evaluate the impact of insulin resistance, evaluated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), through a transversal study of non-diabetic patients with gout, with normal renal function, not treated with any medication but colchicine as prophylaxis. One hundred and thirty-three patients were evaluated. Clearance of uric acid was inversely correlated with insulin resistance and directly correlated with fractional excretion of sodium. In multivariate analysis, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, in addition to insulin resistance and fractional excretion of sodium, were associated with renal clearance of uric acid. HOMA cutoff for efficient versus inefficient renal handling of uric acid was 2.72, close to that observed in studies of reference population. The impact of insulin resistance and renal handling of sodium on renal clearance of uric acid may help to explain why hyperuricemia is more commonly associated with diabetes and hypertension.

This paper analyzes the relationship between the net foreign asset position of a country, and government size and consumption–wealth ratio in a stochastically growing small open economy. The model suggests that more indebted countries are associated with bigger governments when utility-enhancing government spending is also volatility-reducing. More indebted countries would have a higher volatility originating from domestic sources, thus encouraging government to increase its size. Consumption–wealth ratio would also be higher for more indebted countries. The empirical evidence based on a sample of 49 countries for the period 1970–2009 broadly supports the main results of the model across many different specifications.

Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a fatal hypomyelinating disorder characterized by early impairment of motor development, nystagmus, choreoathetotic movements, ataxia and progressive spasticity. PMD is caused by variations in the proteolipid protein gene PLP1, which encodes the two major myelin proteins of the central nervous system, PLP and its spliced isoform DM20, in oligodendrocytes. Large duplications including the entire PLP1 gene are the most frequent causative mutation leading to the classical form of PMD. The Plp1 overexpressing mouse model (PLP‐tg66/66) develops a phenotype very similar to human PMD, with early and severe motor dysfunction and a dramatic decrease in lifespan. The sequence of cellular events that cause neurodegeneration and ultimately death is poorly understood. In this work, we analyzed patient‐derived fibroblasts and spinal cords of the PLP‐tg66/66 mouse model, and identified redox imbalance, with altered antioxidant defense and oxidative damage to several enzymes involved in ATP production, such as glycolytic enzymes, creatine kinase and mitochondrial proteins from the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. We also evidenced malfunction of the mitochondria compartment with increased ROS production and depolarization in PMD patient's fibroblasts, which was prevented by the antioxidant N‐acetyl‐cysteine. Finally, we uncovered an impairment of mitochondrial dynamics in patient's fibroblasts which may help explain the ultrastructural abnormalities of mitochondria morphology detected in spinal cords from PLP‐tg66/66 mice. Altogether, these results underscore the link between redox and metabolic homeostasis in myelin diseases, provide insight into the pathophysiology of PMD, and may bear implications for tailored pharmacological intervention.

In this manuscript a new interleaved topology based on the three-port boost converter is presented. A new modulation scheme that works for the interleaved and non-interleaved 3-port boost converters is proposed as well. Models for interleaved and non-interleaved converters that describe the behavior in any of the different working modes are developed. These models can be easily averaged in order to obtain system dynamic response omitting the switching behavior. Simulations of the converters in different working points are shown together with the explanations of the advantages and drawbacks of the topology. Experimental results are included for some of the cases that exhibit low current ripple.

Resumen: Dada la gran capacidad de compra del sector público a todos los niveles, la compra y contratación pública sostenible posee grandes potencialidades en catalizar el desarrollo económico sostenible, en particular en el contexto de crisis global. El hecho de que las administraciones e instituciones públicas se decanten por compras y contrataciones sostenibles puede transformar el mercado, estimular el desarrollo de una gestión socialmente responsable y crear incentivos para invertir, innovar y ampliar las soluciones sostenibles a partir del impulso de demanda de las administraciones públicas. En la medida en que las instituciones y administraciones públicas son un buen ejemplo de prácticas sostenibles para los ciudadanos y, a su vez, impulsores de conciencia de sostenibilidad es importante que actúen de forma coherente con las políticas de sostenibilidad que promocionan. Esto, si cabe, es más importante para las instituciones públicas de enseñanza e investigación dado que tienen la responsabilidad de suscitar la conciencia de sostenibilidad entre sus estudiantes y personal. En este contexto, en el presente trabajo de investigación se va analizar el papel que ha desempeñado durante estos últimos años la Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU). De modo que, el objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y contabilizar, tanto en número como en importes adjudicados, las adjudicaciones y formalizaciones de contratos públicos de la UPV/EHU realizados con el universo de la Economía Social Vasca, durante el periodo 2012-2014. Para ello se estudiarán los contratos públicos difundidos en el perfil de contratante de la UPV/EHU.