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Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of business intelligence (BI) in startups competitiveness, contributing to a gap in literature as this relationship is normally more focused on stablished businesses. The mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) was taken in to account in the proposed research model.Design/methodology/approach The model was tested using structural equation modeling. A total of 228 valid questionnaires were collected from a research sample comprised of incubated startups from several European countries.Findings The results point to significant mediating role of EO in the impact of BI on competitiveness. The direct impact of BI on competitiveness was not confirmed.Research limitations/implications The results highlight the importance that BI can have in startups competitiveness, namely, reinforcing the role of pro-activeness, innovativeness and risk taking – the traditional dimensions of EO, providing the information needed for more supported decisions.Originality/value Although there are several approaches to BI, namely, in a more technical perspective, this paper addresses the topic in a managerial and decisional point of view, and studies it regarding his impact in startups competitiveness, thru the mediating effect of EO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterprises from different economic sectors play a fundamental role in furthering a sustainable development in the region where it is inserted. However, it is the environmental practices of these organizations which determine the prompt impacts on environmental sustainability. In this sense, Cleaner Production is responsible for the decrease in natural and material resources’ consumption and energy, as well as for the systematic decrease in waste and pollutants emission. Thus, it is important to identify the strategical guides which came before Cleaner Production and, consequently, lead the enterprises to achieve a Sustainable Competitive Advantage before their competitors. In this context, this research aims at analysing the influence of strategic drivers (Entrepreneurial Orientation, Market Orientation and Knowledge Management Orientation) on Cleaner Production and the Sustainable Competitive Advantage. This research was about a survey applied to 1774 small and medium enterprises in Southern Brazil, in the sectors of transformation industry, commerce and services, and it was analysed by the Structural Equation Modelling, typifying it as a quantitative and descriptive research. The results show there is an intense previous influence of strategic drivers over Cleaner Production, pointing out that the correlations among the three antecedents have a high intensity, showing that the enterprises researched use the strategic drivers separately, and that, when they are combined, there is a higher chance of Cleaner Production success, with a significant increase in Sustainable Competitive Advantage for the small and medium enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial failure and exit are critical components of the venturing process of social entrepreneurs. Failing and abandoning the pursuit of opportunities that seek to create social good affect also multiple stakeholders, whose well-being depends on the (public/social) value that the social enterprise provides. Given the nature of social entrepreneurship, this type of entrepreneur may present essential dissimilarities with their traditional counterpart in the way they cope with potential failure and exit. Because of the fact that researching failure in the context of SE is rather new, this paper uses a qualitative approach and bases on semi-structured interviews as a research method. With a lack of academic and case-based research on social enterprises that have failed, the goal of this research paper is to investigate and report on the underlying reasons why social entrepreneurs fail and to provide some insights into why talking about failure is beneficial to both current and future social entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to verify the mediating effect of a proactive market orientation capability in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and service innovation in micro and small companies in the food-away from home sector. We analyzed the mediating effect of a marketing capability (proactive market capability) because, according to Morgan et al. (2009), a capability is an ability developed from a strategic orientation, and capabilities and orientations together contribute to organizational performance. Originality/Value: The article verifies the mediating effect of a specific marketing capability, the proactive market orientation (PMO) in the proposed relationship. Most studies on market orientation (OM) treat the construct as a business strategic orientation, but few studies investigate market orientation based on the perspective of dynamic capabilities (Hou, 2008). Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative survey was carried out using a non-probabilistic sampling technique for convenience with 168 establishments. The research was carried out in micro and small companies of the food-way from home sector of Curitiba PR, and the respondents were the managers and owners of the establishments. Findings: The results indicate the existence of the mediating effect of PMO in the relationship between EO and service innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case presents the story of two young people who, after a trip to Europe, decided to give up the upper courses and undertake a new business for their county based on the beers they tried during the trip. After overcoming several obstacles, typical of entrepreneurship, there is the consolidation of the enterprise that is currently characterized as one of the most promising businesses in the segment. Still, the venture begins to structure a tourist route aggregating the other players of the market. In this way, it is expected that those interested in the subject can have real experience for teachings, debates and reflections aimed at entrepreneurship orientation. In addition, teaching notes for teachers will be presented, along with suggestions for discussions and guiding questions, to contribute to the applicability in the educational environment. Finally, a theoretical basis is presented, which may support discussions on the theme linked to the case for teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entrepreneurial involvement of educational institutions at the elementary and the secondary educational levels has not been systematically analyzed in the existing body of literature, although the decentralization and autonomy of educational institutions have been emphasized in educational policies since the 1980s. This study provides an empirical analysis of the entrepreneurial orientation, as related to the schools in Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina and their principals. The influence of this orientation is analyzed from the perspectives of principals' personal job satisfaction, perceived contribution to the society and the perception of the social role/influence of principalship. The empirical findings show that the entrepreneurial orientation of schools and their principals in Croatia and B&H are closely inter-related. More enterprising principals are also more satisfied with their jobs, and they feel to be contributing to the society more. However, the same does not apply to their perceived social standing/status, which could be attributed to their intrinsic motivation, but such a conclusion needs to be verified by further research. The results of this study show that the entrepreneurial orientation(s) of schools and school principals should be considered as useful descriptors of individual and institutional behaviour in the educational systems of SouthEast Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm growth and the moderating role of business environment for Russian and Finnish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For hypothesis testing, structural equation modeling is applied to the data set of 104 Russian and 117 Finnish privately owned SMEs. Results show that while in the Finnish market context EO dimensions are directly associated with firm growth, in the emerging Russian market the relationship is moderated by the dynamic and hostile environment. The results also provide evidence of the nature of EO for SMEs operating in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical framework for the relationship between empowerment and entrepreneurial orientation, in order to propose a conceptual model that can be applied to the hospitality sector in the Northern Region of Portugal. To this end, we used bibliographical sources for the theoretical presentation of the two concepts and to explore their relationship. It is hoped that this study contributes to the consolidation of empowerment as an explanatory variable of entrepreneurial orientation, particularly in the Portuguese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to test the role played by the entrepreneurial orientation in the success of SME's in the City of Skikda in Algeria. The sample consisted of (143) entrepreneur, where the questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. To analyze data, we have used the descriptive statistics, the correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA and T-test. The results of this study showed the existence of a statistically significant positive relationship between the entrepreneurial orientation and the success of SME, but it is low somehow. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences about the variable entrepreneurial orientation and its impact on the success of SME's according to demographic variables. The results reveal that the government must take into account the variables of creativity and proactivness to improve and optimize the competitiveness and performance of the SME, and the coordination between the experts in entrepreneurship and decisionmakers to overcome the problems faced the Algerian entrepreneur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to show the differentiated moderating role of integration between the headquarters and subsidiary companies to explain the potential of local innovations becoming global innovations. Throughout the framework and hypotheses, we propose two global innovation development processes. In order to test them, we analyzed a sample of 172 subsidiaries from the structural equations technique to test the hypotheses and multiple-groups comparison in order to evaluate the moderating effect of subsidiaries embeddedness. The results confirm the adherence of a presented process: entrepreneurial orientation is associated with local innovation when moderated by embeddedness. In turn, this local innovation has great potential to become a global innovation. Another result diverged from the one presented in the hypotheses, but it has an important contribution. The result shows that the entrepreneurial orientation is associated with the inclusion of the subsidiary in the network, which has the potential of developing global innovation, but to do so it would have to be a radical or disruptive innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The study of relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance leads to the improved competitive performance of organizations. The purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and occupational performance. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical applied research. As regards the type of collected data, the present study is quantitative with the standard questionnaire of Lumpkin and Dess for the measurement of entrepreneurial orientation and the standard questionnaire of Byrne and Conway for the measurement of occupational performance. One hundred and eight employees at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Student Health Center formed the sample of the study. Data analysis was done by using SPSS and SMART PLS in two parts: part of measurement model and structural part. Results: The results indicate a positive and meaningful relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions (innovation, risk-taking, and proactivity) and the staff members' occupational performance. Also, the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation have a high correlation with each other, but they do not have the same effect on occupational performance. Regarding the importance of each entrepreneurial orientation dimension, it is proposed that facility managers define activities that lead to the increase of occupational performance. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, taking measures to enhance the staff's entrepreneurial activities in health centers can lead to the increase of job performance in these centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves in the controversy about the nature and the sign of the effect of interorganizational relationships on entrepreneurial orientation. The paper analyses the effects of networks of interorganizational relationships at firm level. Specifically, we study the influence of closure of interorganizational relationships in entrepreneurial orientation and the mediating role of dynamic capabilities. The empirical analysis was developed on a sample of 292 Spanish agri-food firms. We detect a positive mediating effect of the closure of interorganizational relationships, mainly cooperative relationships, on entrepreneurial orientation through dynamic capabilities. It highlights the emergence of a suppression effect uncovering the dark side of closed interorganizational relationships in several dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation - proactiveness, autonomy and risk-taking -. This paper contributes to link three theoretical approaches - social capital, entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities - to probe further into the implications of interorganizational relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microbrewery industry has been gaining visibility and the taste of the Brazilian consumer of special beers, whose manufacturers are betting on artisanal or semiartesanal production, focusing on product innovation, on the quality of raw materials and in the use of rigid production standards. This qualitative research aimed at analyzing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and organizational learning capability (OLC) on the innovation and firm performance of a group of seven microbreweries located on five cities of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, applied to eight CEOs and production managers, using the content analysis technique to interpret research findings. Results pointed to the verification of the relationship between EO and OLC as antecedents of the innovative process and as facilitators of innovation and organizational performance. Also, it was observed that centralization of authority in the family firms, the typical organization of the Santa Catarina, slows the product innovation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate entrepreneurship remains a phenomenon under study due to the positive impact it has generated, first of all, over companies, strengthening their competitive advantages and increasing their value. Secondly, it contributes to the macroeconomic dynamism that occurs in nations in terms of growth, employment, income, innovation and competitiveness. Focusing on Theories of Corporate Entrepreneurship and Resources and Capabilities, the aim of this paper is to relate the entrepreneurial orientation as intention to corporate entrepreneurship as action, considering their differences and complementarities. The database used for empirical confrontation comes from the survey of 137 SME in the Colombian manufacturing sector. Multivariate analysis models and structural equations were estimated, and quantitative evidence of direct and positive relationships with both phenomena indirectly mediated by the capability to assess and manage projects will be presented. This capability has been little explored in previous studies and not proven in relation to the phenomenon analyzed. The results of the factor analysis suggest that this capability can be considered as a theoretical construct, adding theoretical developments with respect to previous studies which have included and analyzed other capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While considerable scholarly attention has been paid to firm performance and prosperity, the performance implications of network and entrepreneurial orientations of startups in emerging economies are admittedly under-explained. Based on the resource-based view (RBV) and strategic fit theory, this study develops a research model to examine the impact of network orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on startup performance in emerging economies. The model also examines how this relationship is mediated through exploratory and exploitative innovation and moderated by strategic flexibility. Using data from a survey of 273 startups, the findings suggest that, at the initial and growth stages, entrepreneurial orientation has a greater impact on startup performance than network orientation. Exploratory innovation has a mediating effect on network orientation and startup performance. Exploitative innovation has a mediating effect on entrepreneurial orientation, network orientation, and startup performance. In the initial stage, exploitative innovation has a greater impact on startup performance, while in the growth stage, exploratory innovation has a greater impact on startup performance. Strategic flexibility plays a positive moderating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation, and startup performance. These findings provide significant contributions to understanding the growth and performance of startups in emerging economies from a strategic and innovation-oriented perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article builds on the dynamic capability view of the firm in order to examine the role of marketing innovation in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and competitive marketing advantage. The mixed-methodology approach was used and data were collected from 70 SMEs that are owned or managed by a female in Egypt. Structural equation modelling was used to test the research framework. The results reveal that both pricing and promotional innovation have a strong and positive association with competitive marketing advantage. The study is cross-sectional in nature. The results may have been different if the study had focused on specific industries. Therefore, extrapolations without proper caution are discouraged. The study provides female entrepreneurs with useful information on how to create and sustain marketing competitive advantage when resources are limited. In particular, it helps them to identify situations in which marketing innovation practices are potentially more useful.The results contribute to the understanding of the drivers of competitive marketing advantage of SMEs owned by female entrepreneurs in the context of an emerging market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the South African government’s strategic policy interventions and huge investments into small business development over the past two decades, solid evidence of the transition of informal businesses to the formal sector is hard to encounter. Furthermore, the high rates of unemployment in the country point to the growing incapacity of small-scale, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) to address the chronic social ills of poverty, inequality and social deprivation ravaging the country. Building on mainstream literature on the government interventions designed to promote growth without equity among SMMEs and Sen’s capabilities approach, this theoretical study advances a poverty-reduction approach to entrepreneurship underpinned by a systematic integration of multiple-level conversion factors, sustainable resourcing (especially seed funding and managerial capacity development), commercialization of business activities, a strong entrepreneurial orientation and solid managerial capabilities. Such an integrated approach was deemed to strengthen the capacity of SMMEs to survive the competition from established commercialised enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Corporate leaders are increasingly embracing entrepreneurial activity as a potential source of achieving a competitive advantage. Leaders adopting an entrepreneurial orientation (eo) at the firmlevelmust foster an entrepreneurial-mind-set employees. This article aims to expand understanding on how an entrepreneurial mind-set as well as transformational leadership impact levels of eo at firms in an emerging market context, South Africa. Following a survey, partial least squares structural equation modelling (pls-sem) analysis is used to test the study hypotheses. Findings reveal positive and significant interrelationships between the study variables, where path analysis supports the studymodel and where both transformational leadership and an entrepreneurial mind-set amongst share a reciprocal causal relationship with higher levels of eo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present case for teaching aims to contribute to the process of reflection about the role of the manager of the company, as a decision maker, in the food sector, considering the difficulties and barriers encountered by the manager, as well as the strategies and actions that the company formulated as a result of these conjunctures. The case presented tells the story of Circulu's Lanches, carried out by the manager of the company, João, who in mid1991 decided to enter into a partnership with a family member and start his work in snack bar. The course of the story brings to light the difficulties encountered by the manager over the years, as well as the main actions of the manager and his team, his innovations and creations, such as the famous "Xis Bebum" and Circulu's Mayonnaise, culminating in today it is a business of success and reference in the market in which it operates. In the sequence, teaching notes for teachers will be presented, with suggestions for discussions and applicability in the educational environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although behaving entrepreneurially has become increasingly important for many nonprofit organizations, research on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) lacks a clear understanding of the construct in the nonprofit context. This study examines how EO is shaped on the organizational level of a nonprofit organization and contributes to the creation of a social venture. With a qualitative research design, we explore the role of entrepreneurial elements manifested in the pre-start-up phase of social venture creation according to their importance for upstream and downstream processes. Our findings show how risk taking has a financial and a social dimension and we identify collaboration as a pivotal additional element for social EO along with proactiveness and innovativeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study's main objective was to assess value co-creation and new product success among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia by incorporating cultural orientations and relationship marketing perspectives. The samples were purposely selected in two sectors: handcraft and food and drink. They were approached through a door-to-door distribution of the questionnaires. The findings indicated that relationship quality can enhance value co-creation and new product success when SMEs have a favorable combination of learning, market, and entrepreneurial orientations. However, this study suggests that SMEs do not utilize their relationships as arenas for learning and learning orientation can affect relationship quality only when it is supported by the other orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This research has aimed to analyze the influence of the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) in the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) for Brazilian small-business men who have settled in the United States of America. The exploratory research or quantitative survey was based on a structural equation modeling, using SmartPLS (SEM-PLS). The sample was comprised of 107 Brazilian small-entrepreneurs who live in the United States. The results indicate the predominance of inducing technology factors in dimensions of optimism and innovativeness to the TRI, which suggests making use of new technologies. By excluding the dimensions of discomfort and insecurity on the TRI, it was revealed entrepreneurs feel more comfortable with technology and do not feel uncomfortable or insecure about using them. Regarding the entrepreneurial orientation, it was possible to perceive dimensions of risk propensity, proactive approach and innovativeness among those who participated in the survey. Concerning the relationship of both constructs, the TRI and the OE, the structural model has shown good fitting of 36%, which means the TRI explains the EO in 13%. In outline, it is to say the TRI fairly influences the entrepreneurial orientation of those Brazilian small-business men analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of how to improve green management (GM) is very important for the sustainable development of the world. While this topic has been extensively investigated at the single firm level in the developed countries, it was insufficiently examined in the context of interfirm alliances, especially in developing countries like China. The current study examines how different sources of resources (internal resource accumulation and external resource acquisition) affect the level of alliance green management (AGM). In addition, entrepreneurial orientation (EO) that represents the willingness of firms to adopt new practices has moderating effects on the above relationships. Moreover, the effect of AGM on alliance performance is also examined. We collected multisource data from 164 alliance firms in Chinese manufacturing industry. The results generally support the proposed hypotheses. This study contributes to both GM and alliance research by identifying the internal and external resource factors that influence firms from emerging economies to practice GM in their alliance operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today, customers want more value than value obtained everyday. Innovation is accepted as an important tool presenting new value permanently for business's customers. SMEs that consist most of the present businesses play a major role in the country's economy and development. For this reason, studies espacially for increasing innovation in SMEs in particular is of great importance. The aim of this study is to develop models revealing the impact on the types of innovation in SMEs by dealing with dimensions of market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and inter-firm collaboration as a whole to determine the variables that will increase innovation in SMEs. Research was carried out on the SMEs who are members of the Ankara Ostim sectoral clustering. The data collected by the survey method was tested by multivariate regression analysis. According to the results of the analysis, innovativeness dimension affect process innovation, product innovation and organisational innovation while dimension of collaboration with suppliers influence process innovation, organisational innovation and marketing innovation. Additionally, dimensions of competitive orientation and collaboration with other businesses affect marketing innovation while risk-taking and interfunctional coordination dimensions affect both organizational innovation and marketing innovation. Dimension of collaboration with Customer businesses only affects product innovation. From this perspective, it has concluded that competitive orientation, interfunctional coordination, innovativeness, risk-taking, collaboration with Customer businesses and collaboration with suppliers is important in order to enhance innovation in SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative work behavior has been one of the essential attribute of high performing firms, and the roles of entrepreneurial orientation and self-leadership have been important for promoting innovative work behavior. This study advances research on innovative work behavior by examining the mediating role of self-leadership in the relationship between perceived entrepreneurial orientation and innovative work behavior. Structural equation modelling is employed to analyze data from a survey of 404 employees in banking sector. The results of reliability measures and confirmatory factor analysis strongly support the scale of the study. The results from an empirical survey study in the deposit banks reveal that participants' perceptions about high levels of entrepreneurial orientation have a positive impact on innovative work behavior. The results also provide support for the full mediating role of self-leadership in the relationship between participants' perceptions of entrepreneurial orientation and innovative work behavior. Additionally, this study provides some implications for practitioners in the banking sector to facilitate innovative work behavior through entrepreneurial orientation and self- leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides empirical evidence for the relationship between the market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and collaboration of external actors in the processes of incremental and radical innovations in rural enterprises. The research tested two sets of assumptions: first, the relation between contributions of strategic orientation and innovation processes; and second, collaborations of external stakeholders in the implementation of innovation processes. Data were collected from 208 rural enterprises and analyzed with the use of techniques of partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results showed that the market orientation contributes to the development of incremental innovation, and that the entrepreneurial orientation contributes to the implementation of the incremental and radical innovations. Specific agents (buyers, suppliers of goods and services, consultants, and others producers), collaborate positively in implementing incremental innovation; however, generic agents do not. The generic agents (universities and specialized public organizations) are the ones that most intervene in radical innovations. The use of consistent theory in the areas of strategy, marketing and management in identifying that some of their causal relationships are confirmed for rural businesses unlike others, due to the structure of the market and the products produced by them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this comparative study is to explore the differences in the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) between micro versus small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We have selected three dimensions of EO (proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy) for our analysis. We have analyzed the data collected from 1141 respondents during the period of 2015 from 14 regions of the Czech Republic, which consists of 740 micro firms and 401 small and medium firms. Empirical results of our paper show significant differences between micro versus small and medium enterprises in terms of proactiveness and autonomy. However, we can only partially confirm that micro firms are statistically different from the SMEs in terms of competitive aggressiveness. Thus, our paper enables better understanding of the EO from the firm size perspective, when they have different levels of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship and innovation are the basis to regional and national development. Therefore, entrepreneurs and startups are protagonists in this scenario. However, a new paradigm emerges in innovation studies: Open Innovation. But the relationship between Open Innovation and entrepreneurship is few explored. Thus, our work aims to fill this gap. Using case studies we check the hypotheses presented by Carvalho and Sugano (2016). At end, a framework and new hypotheses were presented to future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several authors have pointed out a concern of organizations with an adoption of corporate strategies oriented to entrepreneurship, projecting lights to the concept of environment to influence it. One of its extensions, one associated with mobile information technologies (TIMs), however, still seems to be unexplored in the literature. This article, of a theoreticalconceptual nature, is inserted in this context. Based on five dimensions of the entrepreneurial effort (OE) - innovation, proactivity, risk assumption, autonomy and competitive aggressiveness - this article seeks to identify as concepts of relations between OE and business mobility, an exploratory approach Theoretical-conceptual, based on bibliographical research. As result, a table was presented that presents reflections on mobility on the dimensions of OE. In addition, OE elements are synthesized that can be used as a basis for an empirical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This empirical research investigates the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation in the relationships between organizational ambidexterity and sustainable development engagement and firm performance. The data were collected from 339 small and medium enterprises using a time-lagged approach and further analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results confirm the mediation of entrepreneurial orientation in the relationships between organizational ambidexterity and firm performance and sustainable development engagement. Institutional support also strengthens the entrepreneurial orientation relationship with firm performance and sustainable development practices. This study provides detailed theoretical and managerial implications by effectively using institutional support to increase firm performance and sustainable development engagement. • The study explored the mediating role of EO in the relationships of OA with SDE and firm performance. • We also examined the moderation of institution support in EO linked with SDE and firm performance. • The time-lagged primary data was collected from the SME sector of the emerging economy of Pakistan. • Institutional support is crucial for the relationship between EO with firm performance and SDE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the entrepreneurial dimension in local authorities. We use intervention research conducted at the Lorraine Regional Council in France (Conseil Régional de Lorraine), which decided to develop its health care and biotechnologies network, to show that the notion of entrepreneurial orientation is highly relevant in the local authority context. We also conclude that while this particular local authority demonstrates a tendency for innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking, the social dimension is a key feature of its entrepreneurial orientation, and consequently argue that particular attention be paid to this feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management literature draws attention to the gap of strategic alliances (SA) in the paradigm of entrepreneurial orientation (EO). The aim of this paper is to propose a model where EO is associated with SA, this relationship being influenced by its predecessor (top management), and EO working as a multidimensional construct. Data collected from 101 Brazilian firms were analyzed using structural equation modeling and supported those hypotheses. Improving firms' EO, particularly risk taking (RT), is important in order to promote SA. Obviously, top management can influence SA, but firms with an RT competence are more likely to promote SAs and conduct their implementation. Therefore, the present study offers the following contributions: (1) consolidating the EO construct by using it in a multidimensional way in a reflexive model, particularly the risk dimension; (2) advancing studies relating EO and SA by showing that top management has a significant influence on the EO-SA relationship; (3) the model used is robust and representative of the field of strategy and entrepreneurship as it explained 25.5% of the EO-SA relationship; (4) we suggest that EO should be used to increase SA and firm performance, which can reduce entrance barriers and business risks, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial characteristics and organisational culture have an impact on the innovative capability of a company. Therefore, our research tries to examine the influence of different individual entrepreneurial characteristics and organisational culture dimensions on corporate innovativeness and any direct subsequent company growth. This paper proposes the classification and measurement of five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation; risk taking, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness, autonomy and customer orientation and 3 dimensions of organisational culture; power distance, uncertainty/avoidance and individualism/collectivism with the objective of explaining service innovation performance. Specifically, we try to show the differences between the importance of different entrepreneurial characteristic and each organisational culture dimension on a product/service innovation. To this end, a survey was performed on a sample of tourism companies in Slovenia. The data was analysed by employing univariate and multivariate data analyses techniques. Data gathered fromthe survey suggests that entrepreneurial orientation and organisational culture dimensions positively influence innovativeness in tourism companies. Empirical evidence supports the view that a company with more developed entrepreneurial characteristics and organisational culture will be more innovative. This paper is one of the first to find empirical support for the role of entrepreneurial characteristics and organisational culture in tourism companies in Slovenia. Despite a number of limitations, it offers a picture of how these dimensions should be developed in order to enhance innovation. It also presents managerial implications, as managers are responsible for the forming of these dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we study hybrid organizations, namely those practicing social entrepreneurship and those practicing durable entrepreneurship. These organizations do not choose between the contradictory requirements fostered by the objectives that they pursue, be they double objectives (social and economic) or triple (social, economic and environmental). Rather, they choose to accept the tensions inherent in the pursuit of contradictory objectives. This study is based on a cluster analysis of 244 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It identifies and distinguishes between three main types of organization, commercial SMEs, social entrepreneurship SMEs and sustainable SMEs. These types of SMEs, even though they resemble each other in their structural characteristics (size, age, revenue), differ in terms of the actualization of their entrepreneurial and market orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among micro, small, and medium-sized firms located in Hungary, I conducted a survey examining the effects of entrepreneurial and learning orientations, and that of perceived environment on firm performance. I studied the perceptions of environmental turbulence and environmental hostility. Three dimensions were examined both in the case of entrepreneurial orientation (i.e., innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking) and in the case of learning orientation (i.e., commitment to learning, shared visions, and open-mindedness). The effects of such dimensions on firm performance were analyzed with the path analysis (PLS-SEM) method. In the course of the research, firm performance was divided into three dimensions: efficiency, growth, and profit. The possible effect of available financial resources was also taken into consideration. Results show that the availability of financial resources is relatively important, although it is connected only to the growth dimension of performance. Strategic orientations should be interpreted as multi-dimensional, and they have an effect on different performance dimensions. The research was cross-sectional and has implications for long-term strategic decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of capability and alliance arising from the internet of things (IoT), specifically in the relationships between strategic orientations (entrepreneurial and market foci) with product and process innovations. In addition, it investigates the direct relationship between IoT capability and alliance. Improving these relationships assist in ensuring that new knowledge from the IoT can be translated into tangible business innovations that contribute to economic development. Design/methodology/approach – Data from 207 new high-technology IoT ventures in China were obtained after three-wave mailing (i.e. two reminders). Following a rigorous process to purify and validate the measurement scale items, the study used structural equation modeling to test the conceptual model. Findings – Findings demonstrate that an IoT capability only enhances product innovation, however, with the addition and support from IoT alliance, both product and process innovation can be achieved in new high-tech IoT ventures. This nuanced insight suggests that new high-tech IoT ventures should focus on building their IoT capability, and at the same time, develop IoT alliances with value chain partners in order to fully take advantage of IoT and gain a better position to formulate more novel offerings. Originality/value – The study is first to contribute with a much needed framework of IoT and entrepreneurship by examining the role of IoT capability further in the relationships between: entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation with product and process innovations arising from IoT; and the role of IoT alliance (interfirm relations, partnerships, etc.) on the relationship above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To help address enrollment and financial challenges institutions of higher learning may benefit by having a better understanding of entrepreneurial leadership orientations, or skills, of academic deans. This study revealed several significant correlations between the self-reported entrepreneurial orientations of academic deans in upstate New York, working in independent colleges and universities, and certain demographic characteristics of their positions. Academic deans reported 'team builder' and 'proactive' as their two highest ranked, self-reported entrepreneurial characteristics, while 'risk taking' was ranked as the lowest characteristic. The results indicated a significant correlation between certain variables applicable to academic deans' positions, such as years of experience and job expectations, with the self-reported entrepreneurial orientations of such deans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and learning orientation (LO) in the financial success of forest contracting firms. Both EO and LO have previously been understood to positively affect a firm's financial performance, but extant literature has not considered those links in a transition economy. Partially addressing this gap, we execute this study in a Polish context. Using data obtained through a mail survey of 101 owners of forest contracting firms (34% response rate), we found that both EO and LO have a positive and significant effect on financial performance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has been widely recognized in the strategic management field, because it represents a key factor to obtain a better performance. Entrepreneurial oriented firms are monitoring its environment, making innovations, taking risks, searching for opportunities, anticipating to the customer needs and responding to the aggressive actions from its competence. The object of this research is to analyze the relationship between the EO and the firm performance in the Mexican handcraft sector. Method: This research was cross-sectional with the application of a survey to 170 Mexican artisans from Oaxaca, Guerrero, Puebla and Tlaxcala. The exploratory factorial analysis was used to test the validity of the scale; the reliability was test by the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. In order to test the five hypothesis of the research model, a bivariate correlation analysis and a linear regression analysis was made among all the research variables. Results: Results show that innovativeness, proactiveness and aggressive competitiveness are the variables that are related positively and directly with the financial and non-financial performance of the handcraft business in Mexico. Discussion or Conclusion: This paper could be one of the first research in analyze the performance in handcraft businesses under the EO focus. It gives some opportunities in the research field: a deeper analysis of each variable, to test the EO scale in other kind of businesses and sectors, a better conceptualization and operationalization of variables in order to make much more detailed statistical analysis, and determinate exactly the effect of the OE variables in the firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship is linked to the perception of opportunities, to orientation, to attitudes, to the fear of failure and to entrepreneurial motivations. Entrepreneurial orientation is a fundamental construct for understanding the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. What is more, it is multidimensional and has attracted considerable attention from researchers in recent years. The objective of this study was to adapt the original 12-item English scale to Spanish and to analyze its psychometric properties. The participants in the present study were 925 Spanish employees (48.2% men, 51.5% women, M age = 42.49 years, SD age = 11.25) from the Autonomous Communities of Catalonia and Castilla-León. After applying an ESEM (RMSEA = .06; CFI = .97 and TLI = .95) a structure was determined made up of four factors which corroborated the structure of the original scale: Autonomy (α = .71 and CI = .68 - .73), Innovativeness (α = .70 and CI = .67 - .73), Risk Taking (α = .72 and CI = .68 - .74) and Competitive Aggressiveness (α = .70 and CI = .67 - .73). The four factors displayed suitable reliability. The study also found evidences of validity in relation to a series of external correlates and various scales which refer to workaholism, irritation and burnout. The scale presented here may prove useful for satisfactorily identifying, in Spanish, the entrepreneurial orientation of the working population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempt to appropriately measure student perception about the performance their lecturers/teacher in higher education by means of entrepreneurship orientation construct. In this study, efforts are made to evaluate the students perception with three factors of entrepreneurship orientation construct i.e. innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking. Using the data collected from Finland and Pakistan on the questionnaire developed on the basis of the previous entrepreneurship orientation construct. We find evidence that students' perception can be explained with use of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk taking attributes of the lecturer/ teacher in Finland and Pakistan. Leadership in higher education can leverage their role by including lecturers/teachers. Inferences are made of the finding along with the recommended prospect studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the mediating effect of a company's social responsibility on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance in agricultural cooperatives. This objective constitutes a major contribution in itself. The second contribution made by this paper is the use of three sources of data: a questionnaire on entrepreneurial orientation mailed to agricultural cooperatives in Spain between January and April 2015 (112 valid questionnaires), an analysis of sustainability reports (68 reports), and financial data from the SABI database. The SmartPLS 3.2.3 structural equations program was used to test the data. The key finding of this research is that CSR has a mediating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors sought to assess the entrepreneurial behavior of the organic vegetable farmers in the Badulla District of Sri Lanka. The primary data were collected through use of a structured questionnaire that was used to interview 231 farmers. The study found that there are three main agribusiness models operating in the district. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of the farmers fitted into three business models was measured following the method suggested by Covin and Slevin and by Lumpkin and Dess. The study revealed that the highest EO was exhibited by the Member Farmers of Organic Association (2.4 of 5) followed by the Contract Organic Farmers (2.24 of 5), and the lowest EO was exhibited by the Independent Organic Farmers (1.8 of 5). The analysis of variance revealed that the EO is significantly different across the three business models, and mean separation revealed that the Member Farmers’ of Organic Organizations model exhibited the highest EO followed by the Contract Farmers model and then the Independent Farmers’ model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs are fashionable concepts in Spain. Governments and various public authorities promote initiatives that seek to boost, recognise or support entrepreneurs. This paper seeks to clarify the situation of entrepreneurship in Spain, particularly social entrepreneurship. It distinguishes between models of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship, led by social enterprises and social economy organisations, which have different characteristics to traditional business enterprises. It undertakes a critical analysis of the impact, consequences and opportunities afforded by legislative reforms (national and some regional) in supporting or stimulating entrepreneurs and the impact of these reforms on social economy entities, the principal architects of social entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the effect of corporate entrepreneurship on innovation productivity of spin-off firms. Results show that spin-off firms, supported by parent firms, with superior absorptive capacity and entrepreneurial orientation are more likely to yield a higher productivity derived from innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study advances research on the return from entrepreneurial orientation by examining how a firm's internal system (i.e. strategic human resource management) and the external environment (i.e. technical turbulence) within which a firm operates interact in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation performance. Using a matched sample of 151 chief executive officers and other top executives from Chinese manufacturing firms, this study finds that entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to product innovation performance and that this relationship is stronger among firms implementing strategic HRM practices to a greater extent. Furthermore, the three-way interaction test indicates that the interactive effect of entrepreneurial orientation and strategic HRM practices on product innovation performance is stronger for firms operating in a less turbulent environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some compnies seek to retain the most talented employees by giving them the opportunity to become intrapreneurs and develop their ideas without having to leave the company. Despite the incentives and freedom, not all employees want to become intrapreneurs and end up leaving their jobs to form their own businesses. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of a company that has taken advantage of this phenomenon to use their intrapreneurs as a way to expand the business turning them into entrepreneurs of their own businesses. In this research, the studied company operates in the tourism sector and is entrepreneurial oriented. We analyzed the trajectory of five of its former employees who set up their own businesses connected to the employer business. The results indicate that even with an organizational environment that fosters the entrepreneurial spirit in people, organizations need to admit that the business itself is the natural way of their best intrapreneurs. Rather than lose these employees, to encourage them to create new companies directly or indirectly linked to the organization's business can be a good way to reinvent organizational structures through the creation of a network of companies created by former employees that we call here External Entrepreneurial Orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between international entrepreneurship of exporters in Turkey and their export market performance. In respect, the research inquires two general questions; "Is there a link between firms' entrepreneurial behaviors and their success in export markets?" and "Does the level of internationalization make any difference in export market performance?". The study, which considers international entrepreneurship within the resource - based perspective, is assumed original in terms of research design, since the observations are independent of any industry or geographical region in Turkey. The findings reveal that firms' entrepreneurial orientation and behaviors in international markets have positive effects on their export performance and there is a significant difference in export market success between internationalized firms and others [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]