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Abstract In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) powders in two different morphologies, nanowire (NW) and nanoflower (NF), have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The eligibility of the pristine ZnO nanopowders as a photo-active material has been revealed by designing P-SC devices via the facile drop-casting method on both glass and plastic substrates in large-area applications. The impact of physical properties and especially defect structures on photo-supercapacitor (P-SC) performance have been explored. Although the dark Coulombic efficiency (CE%) of both NW and NF-based P-SC were very close to each other, the CE% of NW P-SC increased 3 times, while the CE% of NF P-SC increased 1.7 times under the UV-light. This is because the charge carriers produced under light excitation, extend the discharge time, and as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance, photoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy analyses, the performance of P-SCs made from NF powders was relatively low compared to those produced from NW due to the high core defects in NF powders. The energy density of 78.1 mWh kg−1 obtained for NF-based P-SCs is very promising, and the capacitance retention value of almost 100% for 3000 cycles showed that the P-SCs produced from these materials were entirely stable. Compared to the literature, the P-SCs we propose in this study are essential for new generation energy storage systems, thanks to their ease of design, adaptability to mass production for large-area applications, and their ability to store more energy under illumination.

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the clinical course of the disease and hematological data, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25 (OH) D₃), iron (Fe), total iron-binding capacity (UIBC), and D-dimer levels in calves with diarrhea in the neonatal period. Within the scope of the study, 10 healthy calves (group-I) and 30 diarrheal calves in the neonatal period of diff erent races, ages and genders were used. Calves with diarrhea were divided into mild (group-II, n=10), moderate (group-III, n=10) and severe (group-IV, n=10) groups. Blood samples were taken from calves in all groups at once. Hematological analyzes were performed using a veterinary-specific hematology analyzer device. In serum samples, 25 (OH) D3, Fe and UIBC levels were determined with an autoanalyzer, and D-dimer levels were determined with an automatic immunoassay analyzer. In the hematological analysis, an increase was observed in the number of LYMs (lymphocytes) in group-II (5.04±1.3) and III (5.2±3.3) compared to group-I (4.47±1.2), and a decrease was observed in group IV (2.76±0.9) (P

We aimed to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 disease on kidney functions and early prognosis.

Wilms tumor is rare in adults, constituting only 0.5% of all renal masses. Tumors in adults are diagnosed later than those in children, and survival after treatment is still low. Some reasons for this are considered as patients not receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and late initiation of treatment due to delays in receiving pathology results. In this paper, we present a 38-year-old male patient diagnosed with Wilms tumor after percutaneous biopsy and review the related literature.

Futbol sahalarının aydınlatılması yeni bir uygulama olmamakla birlikte ilerleyen teknoloji sayesinde yeni geliştirmelere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Özellikle nesnelerin interneti kavramı gün geçtikçe hayatımızda daha fazla yer edinirken aydınlatma ekipmanlarının da bu kapsamda daha teknolojik bir hale getirilmesi kaçınılmazdır. Futbol sahasının aydınlatma seviyesinin değiştirilmesi gereken durumlarda kontrol sinyalleri kablolu veya kablosuz olarak iletilebilir. Ancak futbol sahası aydınlatma projektörlerinde kullanılan LED sürücülerin kontrolü için sinyal kablosu kullanılmasının bazı dezavantajları vardır. Saha aydınlatmasında kullanılan LED sürücülerin sinyal kablolarıyla kontrol edilmesi durumunda, kablo maliyeti, işçilik ve ortamdaki elektriksel gürültülerden etkilenme açısından değerlendirilirse, güvenli ve düşük maliyetli kablosuz sinyal taşımanın önemi net olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada LoRa modülasyon tabanlı kontrol kartları geliştirilmiş ve Diyarbakır ilinde bulunan bir futbol sahasının aydınlatma sistemine uygulanmıştır. Bu sayede kontrol sinyallerinin kablo ile taşındığı sistemlere göre daha düşük maliyetli ve güvenli kablosuz bir sistem kurulmuştur.

Hem ülkesel hem de dünyanın önemli bir besin kaynağı olan domates bitkisinin hastalıklarının önceden belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada literatürdeki standart veri setlerine ilaveten toplanan saha verileri kullanarak yaygın olan alternaria ve mildiyö hastalıkların tespiti için bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Derin öğrenmede sıklıkla kullanılan Resnet50 mimarisi ile %97 oranında hastalıklar doğru olarak belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen mimari mobil cihaza uygulanmış sonuçları çiftçilerle paylaşılmıştır.

Gazel, Türk mûsikîsinde sâzende ve hânendenin makāmın belli başlı kâidelerine bağlı kalarak uyum içerisinde icrâ ettikleri irticâlen yapılan, usûlsüz bir formdur. Özellikle XX. yüzyılın ilk yarısında mûsikî ortamlarının vazgeçilmez formlarından olan gazeller, yüzyılın son çeyreğiyle birlikte unutulmuştur. Çoğunlukla eşlikli olan gazel formunun en dikkat çeken özelliği tiz bölgelerde yapılan hançere harekelerinin lafızlarla işlenerek gazelhânın özgün müzik anlayışının nağmelerle vücûd bulmasıdır. Diğer önemli bir özelliği de eşlik eden icrâcının gazelhâna mihmandarlık (yol gösterici) yaparak birlikte oluşturdukları makam seyri ve form özelliğine âit biçim yapısıdır. Bu alanın önemli gazelhânları arasında Hâfız Sami, Hâfız Kemâl, Hâfız Burhan, Hâfız Yaşar ve birçok isim târihteki yerlerini almışlardır. Bu çalışmada, adı geçen gazelhânların eşlikli okuyuşlarında gazel formunu nasıl yapılandırdıklarının tesbîti üzerinde durulmuştur. Eşlik eden sâzende ve gazelhânın birlikte kurguladıkları makam yapısı, bölümler ve cümle taksîmatları da yukarıda adı verilen gazelhânların örnek gazellerinden hareketle incelenmiştir. Örnek olması bakımından Yorgo Bacanos’un eşliğinde Hâfız Kemâl’in okuduğu Hüzzam Gazel’in biçim yönünden tahlîli ayrıntılıca ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın evrenini, Türk mûsikîsi sözlü formlarından gazel formu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın iki örneklemi bulunmaktadır. Birinci örneklem gazel formunun genel özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla raslantısal olarak seçilmiş, alanda usta icrâcı olarak kabul edilen gazelhânların icralarından üç adet gazel örneğidir. İkinci örneklem ise gazel formundan seçilmiş bir gazel örneğinin biçim özellikleri açısından nasıl tahlil edilmesi gerektiğini anlatmaya yönelik olarak seçilen Yorgo Bacanos eşliğinde Hâfız Kemâl’in okuduğu Hüzzam Gazel örneğidir. Çalışmanın problemini: “Eşlikli gazel formunun biçim özellikleri nasıldır?” ve “Yorgo Bacanos eşliğinde Hâfız Kemâl’in okuduğu Hüzzam Gazel’in biçim özellikleri nasıldır?” soruları oluşturmaktadır. Hüzzam Gazel araştırmacılar tarafından notaya alınmış, bölüm ve cümle yapıları, cümle dağılımları, lâfız yapıları ve biçim özelliklerine âit gösterim tablosu hazırlanmış ve alt problemler dâhilinde anlatılmıştır. Farklı gazelhânların eşlikli gazellerinden verilen örnekler tablolaştırılmış ve farklı biçim özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur. “Lafız”ların “terennüm”lerle karıştırılmaması gerektiğine vurgu yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma, gazel formunun tekrar hayata geçirilmesi ve tahlil edilmesi bakımından önemlidir. Nitel araştırma olup, betimsel tarama ve kaynak tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Kaynak taraması yapılarak elde edilen veriler çalışmanın da temelini oluşturan “Gülçin Yahya Biçim Tahlîli” yöntemiyle tahlîl edilmiştir. Her gazelin kullanıldığı icrâ mekânına, amacına, içeriğine göre biçim özelliklerinin değiştiği, forma âit genel özelliklerinin olmasının yanı sıra gazelhâna bağlı cümle ve bölüm yapılarının olduğu, lafızların da bu özel kullanımlardan biri olarak icrâ edildiği sonuçlarına varılmıştır. Oluşturulan tabloların eşlikli gazellerin tesbîtinde ve tahlillerinde kullanılabilmesi üzerine öneride bulunulmuştur.

While Eurasianism as a political ideology has made a remarkable comeback to the Russian political scene following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, it has also attracted considerable interest among Turkish political and intellectual circles since the early 1990s. Yet, Eurasianism in the Turkish context has acquired different ideological meanings in time. In this regard, it is possible to highlight two main strands of Eurasianism in Turkey: one focusing on the prospects for advanced integration between Turkey and the Turkic republics of the Caucasus and Central Asia, and other concentrating on Turkeys strategic cooperation with Russia and China as an alternative to its long-standing ties with the West. While the first approach mainly appeals to nationalist-conservative groups in Turkey, the second is supported by the so-called national-patriotic groups. The article aims to discuss Turkeys role in two Eurasia-based international organizations - the Organization of Turkic States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization - as they respectively correspond to the two versions of Eurasianism in Turkey. By analyzing the Turkish governments policies towards these two organizations, it would also be possible to reveal the influence of Eurasianism as an ideology on Ankaras official approach to the idea of Eurasian integration, in which pragmatic political and economic concerns play an equally important role.

Van der Waals materials can exhibit strong coupling between the lattice and other degrees of freedom. Here, Ergeçen et al reveal the presence of bound states emerging from the strong interaction between the lattice vibrations and d-orbitals in the van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3.

Increased safety is one of the main motivations for traffic research and planning. The arduous task has two components: (i) improving the existing traffic policies based on a good understanding of risk factors related to trends in traffic accidents, and (ii) underpinning the emerging technologies that will advance the safety of vehicles. For the latter route, the introduction of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is a promising option as CAVs can potentially reduce the number of accidents. However, to reap their benefits, they need to be introduced in a safe manner and tested for their ability to safely deal with risky scenarios. Unfortunately, the identification of such test scenarios remains a key challenge for the industry. This study contributes to increased safety by (i) analyzing UK’s STATS19 accident data to identify patterns in past traffic accidents, and (ii) utilizing this information to systematically generate scenarios for CAV testing. For task (i), the patterns in the accidents were identified in terms of static and time-dependent internal and external factors. For this purpose, the study employed a clustering algorithm, COOLCAT, which is particularly suitable for dealing with high-dimensional categorical data. Six different clusters emerged naturally as a result of the algorithm. To interpret the clusters, we applied a frequency analysis to each cluster. The frequency tests showed that in each cluster, certain distinct real-world situations were represented more significantly compared to the non-clustered reference case, which are the markers of each cluster. The second task (ii) complemented the first task by synthesizing the relationships between attributes. This was done by association rule mining using the market basket analysis approach. The method enabled us to develop, drawing from the characteristics of the clusters, non-trivial test scenarios that can be used in the testing of CAVs, especially in virtual testing.

INTRODUCTION: Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that causes stomach infections. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in the population, and its relationship with HP infection is still controversial. Although there are some articles in the literature that support the onset of esophagitis in patients with HP, a clear causal relationship between GERD and HP infection has not yet been established. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between GERD and HP infection METHODS: The files and gastroscopy reports of 1549 patients who underwent upper GIS endoscopy in the Gastroenterology Unit were evaluated. In addition to clinical features, 536 patients endoscopically diagnosed with GERD were included in the study. Endoscopy and pathology reports of 536 patients diagnosed with GERD were evaluated and analyzed for HP, esophagitis and intestinal metaplasia. RESULTS: HP positivity was found in 229 (42,72%) of 536 patients diagnosed with GERD. Esophagitis was detected in 7,42% of patients with HP positive, and 13,35% of patients with HP negative had esophagitis. The frequency of esophagitis was found to be statistically significantly lower in those with positive HP (p=0,026). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We found that patients with negative HP had significantly frequent reflux-esophagitis. This finding was consistent with the literature supporting the opposite relationship between HP and reflux-esophagitis. In the light of the knowledge obtained from the literature, it is thought that HP eradication in all patients with GERD will not reduce symptoms or may increase it.

PURPOSEWe aimed to investigate the accuracy of density characteristics and washout values of lesions detected on computed tomography (CT) at the cutoff values obtained from the literature by taking the pathological results of adrenalectomy specimens as reference and to determine the cutoff values of parameters evaluated on CT for the differentiation of adenoma and nonadenoma lesions in the study group.METHODSHospital records and standard CT imaging data (noncontrast early phase [65 s] and late phase [15 min] ) of 84 patients with 87 lesions who underwent adrenalectomy between January 2012 and December 2018 were retrospectively reevaluated by two radiologists in consensus. The patients were categorized as having adenoma and nonadenoma lesions according to the pathology results. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of CT parameters (density values and washout percentages) were evaluated. Differences in the CT parameters (size, noncontrast and early-late enhancement density and absolute and relative washout values) were investigated. The optimal cutoff values of CT parameters were determined by ROC analysis.RESULTSNoncontrast CT had a specificity of 87.75% and 95.9%, sensitivity of 60% and 48.6%, diagnostic accuracy of 77.7% and 89.47% for adenomas, at the cutoff values of ≤10 HU and ≤0 HU, respectively. For absolute washout value ≥ 60%, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 64.7%, 52.38% and 56.75%, respectively; while these rates were 76.47%, 56.52% and 62.16%, respectively, for relative washout value ≥40%. Adenomas and nonadenomas showed significant difference in terms of size (p < 0.0001), unenhanced attenuation (p < 0.0001), relative washout (p = 0.020) and delay enhancement (p < 0.001). But there were no differences in terms of absolute washout (p = 0.230) and early enhancement (p = 0.264). The cutoff values for the differentiation of adenomas and nonadenomas were as follows: size ≤44 mm, noncontrast density

Abstract Although human activity constantly generates massive amounts of data, these data can only be analysed by mainly the private sector and governmental institutes due to data accessibility restrictions. However, neither migrants (as the producers of this data) nor migration scholars (as scientific experts on the topic) are in a position to monitor or control how governments and corporations use such data. Big Data analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are promoted as cutting-edge solutions to ongoing and emerging social, economic and governance challenges. Meanwhile, states increasingly rely on digital and frontier technologies to manage borders and control migratory movements, and the defence industry and military–intelligence sectors provide high-tech tools to support these efforts. Worryingly, during the design and testing of algorithmic tools, migrants are often portrayed as a security threat instead of human beings with fundamental rights and liberties. Thus, privacy, data protection, and confidentiality issues continue to pose risks and challenges to migrant communities and raise important questions for the public and decision-makers alike. This comment seeks to shed light on the lack of effective regulation of AI and Big Data as they are applied in migration ‘management’. Additionally, from the perspective of privacy issues and immigrant rights (seeking asylum as a human right, it aims at advocating improved access to Big Data for scientific research which might act as a social control function for the smart border and existing/ongoing migration governance practices of countries. We argue that the use of Big Data and AI for migration governance requires much better collaboration between migrants (including the civil society and grassroots organisations solidarity that represent them), data scientists, migration scholars and policymakers if the potential of these technologies is to be reached in a way that is reasonable and ethical. Numerous critical privacy questions arise are regarding the legal requirements, confidentiality, and rules of engagement as well as the ethical concerns of (mis)use of new technologies. When the secretive nature of the ongoing exploitation of migrant data by states and corporations is considered raising such questions is essential for progress.

The March 12th Memorandum can be considered as a preventive coup against a group of military officers who themselves aimed to establish a radical and authoritarian regime by a military coup which failed to take place on its planned date, March 9, 1970. The 12 March coup not only targeted this group within the army but also its civilian mentors who constituted the civilian initiative for establishing such a radical and authoritarian system. Even though the 12 March coup plotters initially moved against the civilian government in power causing for rejoicing among all opposition groups, it then went on to suppress the entire political spectrum of the Turkish left. After giving the March 12th Memorandum and forcing the prime minister to resign, the next step for the coup plotters was to force certain cadres within the army, which had leftist tendencies and had already showed signs of rejecting the army chain of command, into retirement with the signature of the resigned prime minister. This study examines the basic milestones of the road from the coup d’etat of May 27th 1960 to the March 12th Memorandum of 1970 by formulating new questions on the external dynamics of both coups and bringing alternative views.

Abstract Boron carbide powders were synthesized by mechanically activated annealing process using anhydrous boron oxide (B2O3) and varying carbon (C) sources such as graphite and activated carbon: The precursors were mechanically activated for different times in a high energy ball mill and reacted in an induction furnace. According to the Raman analyses of the carbon sources, the I(D)/I(G) ratio increased from ~ 0.25 to ~ 0.99, as the carbon material changed from graphite to active carbon, indicating the highly defected and disordered structure of active carbon. Complementary advanced EPR analysis of defect centers in B4C revealed that the intrinsic defects play a major role in the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor device once they have an electrode component made of bare B4C. Depending on the starting material and synthesis conditions the conductivity, energy, and power density, as well as capacity, can be controlled hence high-performance supercapacitor devices can be produced.

One of the crucial approaches to managing the low solubility and weak bioavailability of drugs is via nanocrystal technology. Through this technology, drug particles have an increased solubility and a faster dissolution rate due to high surface free energy, which requires an appropriate stabilizer(s) to prevent instabilities during the manufacturing process and storage of the nanosuspension. This study aimed to establish a scientific predictive system for properly selecting stabilizers or to reduce the attempts on a trial-and-error basis in the wet-milling method. In total, 42 experiments were performed to examine the effect of critical material attributes on the wettability of the drug, the saturation solubility in the stabilizer solutions or combinations thereof and the dynamic viscosity of stabilizer solutions. All data were evaluated by Minitab 19® and an optimization study was performed. The optimized formulation at a certain concentration of stabilizer combination was ground by Dyno Mill® with 0.3 mm beads for one hour. The optimized nanosuspension with a particle size of 204.5 nm was obtained in short milling time and offered 3.05- and 3.51 times better dissolution rates than the marketed drug product (Invokana® 100 mg) in pH 4.5 and pH 6.8 as non-sink conditions, respectively. The formulation was monitored for three months at room temperature and 4 °C. The parameters were 261.30 nm, 0.163, −14.1 mV and 261.50 nm, 0.216 and −17.8 mV, respectively. It was concluded that this approach might indicate the appropriate selection of stabilizers for the wet-milling process.

Automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms are used to classify a given synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image into one of the known target classes by using the information gleaned from a set of training images that are available for each class. Recently, deep learning methods have been shown to achieve state-of-the-art classification accuracy if abundant training data are available, especially if they are sampled uniformly over the classes and in their poses. In this paper, we consider the ATR problem when a limited set of training images are available. We propose a data-augmentation approach to incorporate SAR domain knowledge and improve the generalization power of a data-intensive learning algorithm, such as a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed data-augmentation method employs a physics-inspired limited-persistence sparse modeling approach, which capitalizes on the commonly observed characteristics of wide-angle synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Specifically, we fit over-parametrized models of scattering to limited training data, and use the estimated models to synthesize new images at poses and sub-pixel translations that are not available in the given data in order to augment the limited training data. We exploit the sparsity of the scattering centers in the spatial domain and the smoothly varying structure of the scattering coefficients in the azimuthal domain to solve the ill-posed problem of the over-parametrized model fitting. The experimental results show that, for the training on the data-starved regions, the proposed method provides significant gains in the resulting ATR algorithm’s generalization performance.

In real crash cases, simple bending behavior is not common. In this case, using the three-point bending test to examine the bending behavior provides a closer simulation in terms of the representation of the structure under loading. It is seen in the literature that products with tube sections are generally used as door im-pact beams. On the other hand, when examining the three-point bending behavior of developed high strength steels, it is seen that the studies on tube profiles are only evaluated in terms of hydroforming. In this study, dual-phase steel tubes used as door impact beams are investigated by means of bending loading with experimental and numerical studies. For this purpose, DP500 and DP600 steel grades are used as materials. Three-point bending tests are performed for both materials then force-stroke curves, and springback values are obtained experi-mentally. In the second stage of the study, finite element analyses are performed using Hill-48 plasticity model. Force-stroke curves, the amount of springback, and the product forms are compared with the experimental results. It is seen that force-stroke curves and product forms are obtained highly compatible with the experimental results however the amount of springback values in finite element analyses are determined higher than the experimental results.

Supercapacitor devices are interesting owing to their broad range of applicability from wearable electronics to energy storage in electric vehicles. One of the key parameters that affect the efficiency of supercapacitor devices is selecting the ideal electrode material for a specific application. Regarding this, recently developed metal oxides, specifically nanostructured ZnO, and MXenes with their defect structures, size effects, as well as optical and electronic properties have been presented as electrode material in supercapacitor devices. The discussion of MXenes along with ZnO, although different in chemistry, also highlights the differences in dimensionality when it comes to defect-driven effects, especially in carrier transport. The volume under the influence of the defect centers is expected to be different in bulk and 2D structures, regardless of composition. Hence, analysis and discussion of both materials provide a fundamental understanding regarding the manner in which 2D structures are impacted by defects compared to bulk. Such an approach would therefore serve the scientific community with the material design tools needed to fabricate the next generation of supercapacitor devices.

PURPOSEWe aimed to evaluate the prostate volumes calculated as recommended in the PI-RADS v2 and PI-RADS v2.1 guidelines, intraobserver and interobserver variability, and the agreement between the two measurement methods.METHODSProstate mpMRI examinations of 114 patients were evaluated retrospectively. T2-weighted sequences in the axial and sagittal planes were used for the measurement of the prostate volume. The measurements were performed by two independent observers as recommended in the PI-RADS v2 and PI-RADS v2.1 guidelines. Both observers conducted the measurements twice and the average values were obtained. In order to prevent bias, the observers carried out measurements at one-week intervals. In order to assess intraobserver variability, observers repeated the measurements again at one-week intervals. The prostate volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula (W×H×L×0.52).RESULTSIntraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed almost perfect agreement between the first and second observers for the measurements according to both PI-RADS v2 (0.93) and PI-RADS v2.1 (0.96) guidelines. The measurements were repeated by both observers. According to the ICC values, there was excellent agreement between the first and second measurements with respect to both PI-RADS v2 and PI-RADS v2.1 for first (0.94 and 0.96, respectively) and second observer (0.94 and 0.97, respectively). For both observers, the differences had a random, homogeneous distribution, and there was no clear relationship between the differences and mean values.CONCLUSIONThe ellipsoid formula is a reliable method for rapid assessment of prostate volume, with excellent intra- and interobserver agreement and no need for expert training. For the height measurement, the recommendations of the PIRADS v2.1 guideline seem to provide more consistently reproducible results.

A significant decrease in late diagnosis and requirement for surgical treatment have been observed due to the implementation of the National Developmental Hip Dysplasia (DDH) Early Diagnosis and Treatment Program, which has been in existence for about 10 years. However, patients with delayed diagnosis are still admitted to our clinic for treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this program and reveal its deficiencies. Patients and methods: Sixty-one patients diagnosed or treated for ddh later than six months of life were included in the study. Patients born between 2011 and 2014 (Group 1) and between 2015 and 2018, during which time the early screening program was performed intensively (Group 2), were compared. The patients risk factors, whether a hip ultrasound (US) was performed, and the reasons for the delay in diagnosis and treatment were questioned retrospectively. The number of DDH patients in Group 2 decreased by approximately 3 times (45/16) (p = 0.0009). Although 37 (61%) patients had a hip US assessment within the first 6 months, their treatment was delayed, and normal USs were reported for 20 (33%) of them. Hip US was not performed in 24 (39%) patients within the first 6 months. The number of late-diagnosed and -treated babies with DDH decreased significantly in recent years, but this is not sufficient. Preventing late diagnoses should be the main goal. This study detected families negligence and lack of information, family physicians non-compliance with the program, and improper US assessment as the confounding reasons. [Med-Science 2020; 9(4.000): 1023-6]

Aim:The aim of this study was to investigate whether renal vein variations had an effect on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods:Images of 958 patients who underwent MRI between January 2017 and October 2018 were retrospectively evaluated for renal vein variations based on the records obtained from the image archive. Forty-six patients with renal vein variations and thirty patients of similar age and gender as the control group enrolled in the study. The ADC values of both kidneys were measured at low-high b values.Results:The ADC values in the left kidney were lower than in the right kidney in both groups (2.04x10-3± 0.22x10-3 mm2/sec, 1.96x10-3±0.17x10-3 mm2/sec, for the renal vein variation group; p=0.008 and 2.08x10-3±0.13x10-3 mm2/sec, 1.94x10-3±0.11x10-3 mm2/sec, for the control group; p=0.0001). However, no significant difference was found between the renal vein variation and control groups in terms of the ADC values in both kidneys.Conclusion:Renal vein variations had no effect on renal ADC values in asymptomatic patients. Further studies can provide additional information for symptomatic patient groups.

Amaç: Primer perkutan koroner girişim (pPKG), ST elevasyonlu miyokard infarktüsünde (STEMI) ölüm başta olmak üzere klinik sonuçları fibrinolitik tedaviye kıyasla daha iyi olması üzerine, önerilen ve gittikçe daha yaygın kullanılan tedavi yöntemidir. Amacımız hastanemizde bir yıl içinde yapmış olduğumuz pPKG işlemlerinin ve hastane içi klinik sonuçlarının istatistiksel analizini yapmaktır. Gereç ve yöntem: Ocak 2018 ile Aralık 2018 arasında pPKG ile tedavi edilmiş STEMI hastaları retrospektif olarak hastane kayıtlarından belirlendi, anjiyografi görüntüleri izlendi, hastane içi mortalite ve iskemik-kanama-prosedürel komplikasyon oranları analiz edildi. Bulgular: Acil pPKG tedavisi amacıyla kateter laboratuvarına alınmış olan 982 hasta belirlendi. İşlem başarısı oranı %96.9 idi. Ortalama (Ort.) yaş kadın hastalarda (69±11) erkeklere (59±12) göre daha fazlaydı. Ortalama kapı-balon zamanı (KBZ) 60.0±18 dk. olup, hastaların %94.5’inde lt;90dk. KBZ hedefine ulaşıldı. Ponksiyon yeri ile ilişkili komplikasyon oranına bakıldığında radyal ponksiyon femoral ponksiyona göre daha güvenli bulundu (%1.4 v.s. % 3.5, p=0.037). Kardiyojenik şokta olan hastaların mortalite oranı %76.0’dı. STEMI hastane içi mortalite oranı %8.6 saptandı. Mortal seyreden grupta yaş ort.’sı daha yüksekti (69±14 v.s. 60±12, p lt;0.001) ve kadın cinsiyette ölüm oranı (%15.0 v.s. % 6.8, p lt;0.001) erkeklerdeki ölüm oranına göre anlamlı olarak daha fazla saptandı. Sonuç: Verilerimiz neticesinde, STEMI hastalarında mortalite özellikle kardiyojenik şok tablosundaki hastalar ile, ileri yaş ve kadınlarda daha yüksek saptanmıştır. STEMI hastalarında pPKG kliniğimizde yüksek başarı oranı ile uygulanmaktadır.

Abstract Background Various techniques are used to detect intraoperative bleeding points in thyroid surgery. We aimed to assess the effect of increasing peak airway pressure to 30, 40 and 50 cm H2O manually in detecting intraoperative bleeding points. Methods One hundred and 34 patients scheduled for total thyroidectomy were included to this prospective randomised controlled clinical study. We randomly assigned patients to increase peak airway pressure to 30, 40 and 50 cm H2O manually intraoperatively just before surgical closure during hemostasis control. The primary endpoint was the rate of bleeding points detected by the surgeon during peak airway pressure increase. Results The rate of detection of the bleeding points was higher in 50 cm H2O Group than the other two groups (15.9 vs 25.5 vs 40%, P = 0.030), after pressure administration, the HR, SpO2, and P peak were similar between groups (P = 0.125, 0.196, 0.187, respectively). The median duration of the bleeding point detection after the pressure application was 21.82 s in 30 cm H2O, 25 s in 40 cm H2O, and 22.50 s in 50 cm H2O groups. Postoperative subcutaneous hematomas or hemorrhages requiring surgery were not seen in any patient. Conclusions Manually increasing peak airway pressure to 50 cm H2O during at least 22.50 s may be used as an alternative way to detect intraoperative bleeding points in thyroid surgery. Clinical trial registration NCT03547648 . Registered 6 June2018

Fibulae which are started to be use in end of Late Bronze Age is an important artifact group. Although our knowledge is not clear about emergence of fibulae, which were used at the same time in different regions, researches shows that Near East and Europe were starting points of the usage of the fibulae. Fibulae, which are evaluated under a specific typology and terminology by making extensive studies, come to the fore with their dating features within the scope of archeology. However, the use of fibulae, which we can compare with today's safety pins, also shows regional and temporal differences, just like their types. Fibulae are detected in dwellings suitable for daily use and mostly in graves in connection with the shroud. However, it is also known that the Anatolian-Phrygian type fibula, which we include in our study, have a religious meaning in Western Anatolia and beyond. In this study, a total of 29 fibulae, which are in the Tire Museum will be examined. The fibulae from Tire Museum can be examined in six subgroups. The fibulae in the Tire Museum are generally dating to the 11th -6th century BC. The museum is rich in Anatolian-Phrygian type fibulae.

This study aims to investigate the potential for improving New Zealand small-and-medium sized enterprises’ (SMEs) digital marketing strategies by learning the different approaches from their Chinese counterparts. Digital marketing is an important topic, especially after the pandemic of the last two years, as online shopping has gained further ground. On the other hand, original digital marketing practices in a dynamic and large market such as China still has not received enough attention within academic literature. Therefore, this study is seeking to answer the following two research questions: 1) How are SMEs in China adopting digital marketing strategies and platforms? 2) Can local SMEs learn from Chinese SMEs’ adoption of digital marketing for SMEs in New Zealand? Survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted with Chinese participants to gain insights of digital marketing applications by Chinese SMEs. After acquiring data from Chinese participants and building the framework of online marketing strategies and platforms in China based on data analysis, semi-structured interview questions were designed and conducted with New Zealand experts. Findings from this study reveals that Chinese SMEs increase their online customer traffic through three main sources: e-commerce platform, social media, and private traffic, which is a controllable traffic pool of loyal customers or the brands’ social media followers. In addition, digital marketing technologies from China have the potential of being transferred to New Zealand. However, the process can be long-term, due to cultural and attitude barriers. This study also suggests a tentative model examining the likelihood of transferring (LOT) based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

Introduction: In this study, it is aimed to present a very rare liver subcapsular accumulation of a patient after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery who was diagnosed with Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome with progressive sight loss. Case: The patient is a 38-year-old female who was diagnosed with lomber spondylose and later operated with stabilization and fusion surgery. Seven days after the operation her headaches became clear and blackout in her left eye was seen and she was observed with medical treatment. CSF pressure of her was measured to be 25 cm/ water, so she was diagnosed as pseudotumour cerebri and taken to the operation immediately. On the 3rd day of post-operation, there occurred to be intense stomach ache and abdominal sensitivity of the case. After the scanning of abdominal CT, 7 cm of liquid collection was detected in the shunt distal of liver subcapsular area. Discussion: Liver pseudocyst should be considered, even if it is a rare complication when back striking abdominal pain and high liver enzymes are seen in patients with shunt dysfunction. USG and abdominal bt tests should be made for these patients. The drainage of the cyst and then the removal of the abdominal catheter should be applied.

Skin is the largest epithelial surface of the human body, with a surface area of 2 m2 for the average adult human. Being an external organ, it is susceptible to more than 3000 potential skin diseases, including injury, inflammation, microbial and viral infections, and skin cancer. Due to its nature, it offers a large accessible site for administrating several medications against these diseases. The dermal and transdermal delivery of such medications are often ensured by utilizing dermal/transdermal patches or microneedles made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. These tools provide controlled delivery of drugs to the site of action in a rapid and therapeutically effective manner with enhanced diffusivity and minimal side effects. Regrettably, they are usually fabricated using synthetic materials with possible harmful environmental effects. Manufacturing such tools using green synthesis routes and raw materials is hence essential for both ecological and economic sustainability. In this review, natural materials including chitosan/chitin, alginate, keratin, gelatin, cellulose, hyaluronic acid, pectin, and collagen utilized in designing ecofriendly patches will be explored. Their implementation in wound healing, skin cancer, inflammations, and infections will be discussed, and the significance of these studies will be evaluated with future perspectives.

Microplastic (MP) pollution is rising at an alarming rate, imposing overwhelming problems for the ecosystem. The impact of MPs on life and environmental cycles has already reached a point of no return; yet global awareness of this issue and regulations regarding MP exposure could change this situation in favor of human health. Detection and separation methods for different MPs need to be deployed to achieve the goal of reversing the effect of MPs. Microfluidics is a well-established technology that enables to manipulate samples in microliter volumes in an unprecedented manner. Owing to its low cost, ease of operation, and high efficiency, microfluidics holds immense potential to tackle unmet challenges in MP. In this review, conventional MP detection and separation technologies are comprehensively reviewed, along with state-of-the-art examples of microfluidic platforms. In addition, we herein denote an insight into future directions for microfluidics and how this technology would provide a more efficient solution to potentially eradicate MP pollution.