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The State Employment Agency (SEA), the public employment service of Latvia, plays a crucial role in using active labour market policies (ALMPs) to connect people with jobs. This includes meeting the needs of jobseekers, as well as persons at risk of employment. This chapter assesses how the SEA's services and measures reach people in need of ALMPs and provide them with appropriate support. The chapter does this by analysing rich administrative microdata including detailed information on ALMP participation, unemployment histories, social insurance receipt, and earnings histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital tools can allow public employment services (PES) to be more effective and efficient. Such tools can enable PES to better meet the needs of their clients, including employers, jobseekers, and those at risk of unemployment. Indeed, such tools can free up resources for PES to support other areas of active labour market policies (ALMPs). This is particularly important in Latvia's context where spending on ALMPs is low compared to other OECD countries. This chapter describes and assesses the current digital tools used at Latvia's State Employment Agency (SEA). It focuses on the SEA's jobseeker profiling tool that helps identify jobseekers' distance from the labour market, the vacancy matching tool that supports employers and jobseekers, and the plans to introduce skills profiling tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latvia's State Employment Agency (SEA) plays a crucial role in connecting people with jobs. However, the SEA faces tight resource constraints, with Latvia spending little on active labour market policies compared to other countries. Modernising the digital infrastructure of the SEA could help it to better meet the needs of jobseekers, people at risk of unemployment and employers. The SEA should develop a clear digitalisation strategy to guide its modernisation pathway, fine-tune its operational IT system especially with respect to cyber security, and develop a modern data analytics system. Learning from other countries, the SEA could additionally increase the effectiveness and efficiency of its specific digital tools, such as those to profile jobseekers and their skills to generate a better understanding of their needs for support, as well as the algorithm to match jobseekers and vacancies to better meet the needs of a changing labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this chapter is to give a brief overview of the Latvian labour market and the role of the State Employment Agency (SEA), the public employment service (PES) of Latvia. The chapter briefly presents the latest labour market trends and highlights challenges that the SEA will need to address going forward. The chapter also discusses spending on active labour market policies (ALMPs) and needs for further investments in the SEA in order to address the labour market needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence-based policy-making has received increasing attention among governments in recent decades. However, comparative research examining patterns of evidence impact and administrative priorities for different forms of evidence remains scarce. In response, this article investigates the impact of different evidence types in two Danish ministries – the Ministry of Employment and the Ministry of Children and Education – characterized by similar analytical capacities but different strategies and criteria for prioritizing and using evidence. Applying a novel document matching method to analyze 1159 research publications and policy decisions from 2015–2021 about Danish active labor market policies and public school policies, the article shows how causal effect evidence has to a greater extent influenced policy decisions in the Ministry of Employment than in the Ministry of Children and Education. The article proposes that the observed variation between the policy domains can be attributed to ministerial evidence strategies, shaping administrative perceptions of the relevance and usefulness of different types of evidence. Based on the results, the article discusses the implications of prioritizing particular evidence types in ministries, considering variations between study designs and their appropriateness for different policy needs and purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the contested impact of financial sanctions on Australian employment services, with government evaluation relying on job‐search theory to justify sanctions while research from sociological and psychological perspectives suggests they exacerbate labour market disadvantages and poverty. The division in perspectives reflects both methodological differences and ethical stances within scholarship. Welfare conditionality scholars propose value pluralism as an approach to reach consensus on shared policy goals across disciplines. This article engages in a simulation of the value plural approach to identify evidence gaps in the research and evaluation of sanctions and conditionality in employment services. The article identifies a research and evaluation agenda for conditionality policy, emphasising the importance of reaching a consensus to advance ethically robust policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the digitalisation of employment services in the UK and Australia, countries that have been on similar policy trajectories with respect to the development of quasi‐markets and increased digitalisation. The article deploys comparative mixed methods comprising surveys of employment service providers and interviews with providers and technology developers in both countries to analyse the extent of, forms and challenges around digitalisation across both countries. The survey data analysis suggested considerable similarities in the UK and Australia regarding the drivers of digitalisation and the tasks which were digitalised. However, the interview data highlighted some differences between the two countries, including the persistence of face‐to‐face delivery in the UK compared with accelerated digitalisation in Australia. In both countries, there were clear differing motivations between stakeholder communities (policymakers and developers), which providers had to negotiate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research summary: We examine the efficacy of the California Fair Chance Act (CFCA) policy—legislative stipulations regarding employers' hiring of individuals with criminal records—on practices and outcomes in two Southern California counties during 2021. We rely on survey and experiment data with 542 hiring decision makers to investigate employer and personal compliance with the CFCA, whether applicant appeals affect employers' willingness to hire them, and heterogeneity in treatment effects across firms and industries. Close to 80% of hiring decision makers violate the CFCA by obtaining background information before they extend an offer, appeals have a minimal impact on hiring outcomes, and firm‐level characteristics continue to shape hiring practices to some extent. Policy implications: Although certain firms comply with the relatively new CFCA, most employers violate it by seeking applicant criminal background information, a practice that has profound consequences for those with criminal records as well as other disadvantaged groups. This finding underscores the discrepancy between de jure and de facto policy practices. Better statewide enforcement of the CFCA coupled with increased employer educational training could help reform it and improve policy adherence. Given it is a young policy, future research should continue to assess the CFCA's efficacy over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the era when Tun Hussein Onn served as the Prime Minister of Malaysia, economic ties began to move towards broader horizons, not only in the agricultural sector but also in the industrial sector, including petroleum and gas. Malaysian and Indonesian economic relations have also begun to cooperate in petroleum and natural gas and continue to cooperate in agriculture. Apart from that, security issues are also the main agenda of Tun Hussein Onn and Indonesia to ensure the stability and security of the Southeast Asian region. It is essential to ensure that foreign investment and trade are not affected. This research will describe Malaysia and Indonesia's economic relations, which form the core of economic cooperation between the two countries. The analysis also focuses on the economic policies of the two countries to see the extent of opportunities for economic cooperation between Malaysia and Indonesia. This research uses materials from primary and secondary sources obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia and National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia. The study found that during Tun Hussein Onn's era, there was a focus on Bumiputera development to address economic inequality as planned in the New Economic Policy. Additionally, the economic relationship between Malaysia and Indonesia also began to focus on cooperation in the petroleum and natural gas sectors, which became major contributors to national revenue. At the same time, cooperation in the agricultural and industrial sectors was also enhanced through research and manpower utilization between Malaysia and Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the one hand, unemployment is known to have detrimental effects on individuals' mental health. On the other hand, poor mental health reduces re‐employment chances quite drastically, creating a vicious cycle. Active labour market policies (ALMPs) such as training programs or wage subsidies have been shown to ameliorate negative effects on mental health and improve labour market integration on average for the general unemployed population. In the context of individuals with severe mental health issues, however, it is unclear whether these interventions can be expected to deliver similar positive effects. In fact, one may argue that they have the potential to worsen employment prospects of individuals by adding additional stress to their pre‐existing mental health problems. Hence, this paper estimates the long‐term causal effects of ALMPs on the labour market integration of individuals with self‐reported severe mental health issues and compares estimates to individuals without such issues using unique combined survey and administrative data. Effects are estimated using the innovative double machine learning method and show that ALMPs do not only improve labour market integration of unemployed individuals with severe mental health issues, but they do so more effectively than for other unemployed individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a systematic literature review of research articles (N = 72) to study the governance logic of integrated activation policies and the problems relating to reintegrating welfare benefits with services. The inductive study of the problems indicated in the literature demonstrates both the vertical and horizontal aspects of the governance of integrated activation at the street level: challenges are tied to the top‐down activation policy; requirements and strategies of delivering benefits and services; collaboration and coordination in delivery chains; and risks and inequality that streel‐level bureaucrats are trying to deal with in their work. The results point primarily to flaws in the vertical governance of activation, such as frontline work problems and collaborative practices between different actors and agencies. Moreover, some problems relating to collaboration and coordination, pointed towards the challenges in horizontal governance of activation. The article, however, demonstrates how the governance of integrated activation requires a coupling of these different streams of governance and understanding governance as a complex network of interdependencies and causal connections between institutions, organisations, and co‐production with end users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether social investment (SI) policies improve employment among single mothers. Design/methodology/approach: This paper analyzes the potential effects of SI policies on vulnerable individuals and workers at the macro level by using the employment position of single mothers as a dependent variable. Time-series cross-national data from 18 OECD countries between 1998 and 2017 are analyzed. Multilevel model analysis is also used for robustness check. Findings: I find that public spending on education and family support is positively associated with the employment rates of single mothers. In contrast, active labor market policy (ALMP) spending is negatively associated. ALMP's negative effects stand out particularly with public spending on job training. Of all family support policies, family allowances are positively associated with single mothers' employment, which runs counter to the conventional argument that family allowances are a disincentive for women's or mothers' employment. Paid leave (length and generosity) is also associated with higher employment for single mothers. There is also some tentative evidence that public spending on maternity leave benefits (spending level) may raise the odds of single mothers being employed, when individual-level factors are controlled for in multilevel analysis we implement for robustness check. Research limitations/implications: This paper does not analyze the effects of the qualitative properties of SI policies. Future research is necessary in this respect. Originality/value: The effects of SI policies on employment among single mothers have not yet been examined in the literature. This paper seeks to be a first cut at measuring the effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of China's low-carbon city policy on employment using a quasi-natural experiment approach based on microdata from A-share listed companies (2007–2021). The findings indicate a statistically significant positive effect on employment levels, with an average increase of 7.27% in pilot compared to non-pilot cities. This boost in employment is primarily linked to green innovation, improved financing conditions, and increased sales activities. The policy disproportionately benefits high-skilled workers and positively affects employment in sales, research and development, and management while having a lesser impact on low-skilled and production workers. The employment gains are particularly significant in non-polluting sectors, regions with high marketization, and in the eastern areas of China. This study underscores the complex interplay between environmental policies and labor markets, emphasizing the need for skill differentiation in policy frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews, reanalyzes, and extends to the long run the estimated effects of integration polices on the employment probability and earnings of refugees in Denmark. We first describe the dynamics of labor market outcomes of refugees in Denmark. We then find that increased language training and initial placement in strong labor markets improved refugees' long-run labor market outcomes, while cutting initial welfare payments and placing refugees near other refugees did not improve them. Policies focused on matching refugees with occupations experiencing shortages have positive short-run effects, but we cannot yet assess their long-run effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terms of European public administration, we can certainly talk about a specific and perhaps unfairly rarely spotlighted topic, which may be mainly behind it. That with regard to employment policy, the Union primarily transfers responsibility and authority to the governments of the member states, the common legislation emerging in this area is also of extreme importance. The objectives of the European employment strategy defined in the field of the common employment policy go back to 1997, which implemented "soft coordination" between the member states through the elaborated follow-up process and financing instruments. The most important objective of Europe 2020 was to improve the number and quality of jobs. Among the goals to be achieved by 2030, the focus is placed on the area of skills and social protection (EU Briefings on employment policy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the intricate relationship between the evolution of Argentina's labor market, particularly the historical inclusion of women, and the contours of contemporary social welfare policies for female recipients. Set against the backdrop of a decades-long crisis in employment and income, especially affecting low-income families and women tasked with caregiving responsibilities, the article posits the hypothesis that the trend of feminization in social welfare policies partly stems from the pauperization of Argentina's labor market in the latter part of the 20th century and the historically subordinate role of women within patriarchal capitalist societies. Employing an empirical-historical methodology, it scrutinizes the shifts and dynamics of the labor market over the 20th century as well as the features of the welfare policy framework at the beginning of the 21st century. The article is a contribution to Argentina's labor market and social policy literature and portrays current socio-welfare programs as an adaptation to the employment and income crisis, further entrenching women's subordinate status within the social fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a welcome message for the Conference Proceedings of the 38th Annual Pacific Rim International Conference on Disability & Diversity 2023 organized by the Center on Disability Studies, College of Education, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comparative Economic Research is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Manar Alsharq Journal for Education & Instructional Technology is the property of Manar Elsharq for Studies & Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the framing of ethno-racial inequalities within policy discourses. In particular, it sets out a typology to characterise different policy frames concerning ethno-racial (in)equality within Belgian employment policies. The typology conceptualises 'ethno-racial (in)equality policy frames' along two dimensions, distinguishing between colour-blind and colour-conscious policy frames, on the one hand, and redistributive and non-redistributive policy frames, on the other hand. By bringing these two axes together, the typology allows highlighting how policy frames combine distinct ideas about the recognition of race or ethnicity and economic redistribution. The article builds on empirical data from a study on Belgian employment policies. Through a critical frame analysis of policy documents, it shows how the prevailing representations of ethno-racial (in)equality in the policy discourses of the federal, Flemish, and Walloon governments in Belgium can be captured by diverging types of policy frames. In this way, the article demonstrates how the typology can serve as an analytical tool for understanding and comparing the framing of ethno-racial inequalities across political-institutional contexts and provide new insights into how policy frames are positioned with regard to two important dimensions of social justice: recognition and redistribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations' Human Development Index remains a widely used and accepted measure of human development. Although it has been revised over the years to address various critiques, a remaining concern is the way the three dimensions are aggregated into the single index. A deterioration in one dimension can be compensated for by an improvement in another. Since compensability is inextricably linked with trade-offs and intensity of preferences, a non-compensatory (i.e., Condorcet) approach to aggregation is employed in this paper. Although non-compensatory approaches have been employed previously, this paper adds to the literature by undertaking an application of the Condorcet approach to the entire HDI. This approach, which does not use intensities of preferences, ensures that the degree of compensability connected with the aggregation model is at the minimum possible level. To achieve this, country level rankings are then compared to those for the 2020 Human Development Index which aggregates dimensions using a geometric mean. The findings demonstrated substantial changes in rank-order between the HDI and Condorcet approach. This outcome provides empirical evidence which demonstrates that the non-compensatory Condorcet approach can mitigate issues of compensation present within the geometric aggregation technique currently employed by the HDI. These findings have potential implications in aiding the identification and employment of potential policy priorities—specifically, the notion that policy should emphasise the development of a country as opposed to economic growth alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Better data are fundamental to improving the effectiveness of policies. Drawing on examples from nutrition, education, criminal justice and income support, I discuss how data access has contributed to policy improvements. Data linkage across departments can also help ensure that policymakers are focussed on the right policy goals, rather than merely those that are easiest to measure. As governments increase the rigour of evaluation, quality data will be crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: The role of labor market institutions and policies has received great attention throughout the history of labor economics. Labor market institutions are responsible for a wide range of policies, regulations, and organizations that affect the labor market, though their impact on employment can vary depending on the specific institutions and the economic context across countries. This entry attempts to provide an overview of five main labor market institutions and policies, i.e., the minimum wage, employment protection, the power of unions, active labor market policies, and unemployment insurance/unemployment benefits. It also presents theoretical expectations of their effects on employment outcomes and collates relevant results from the related literature, focusing mainly on the most recent empirical evidence. Finally, this entry provides insights regarding labor market institutions and offers proposals for shaping the labor market landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Rethinking Public Services in Rural Areas?" discusses the topic of public and private services and infrastructure in rural areas in Germany and other European countries. It discusses changes and challenges regarding the availability, quality, and accessibility of these services and facilities. The Territorial Agenda of the European Union emphasizes the need for measures to maintain public services in rural areas. Various approaches and strategies are discussed to achieve improvements in this area and learn from good examples and practices in other European countries. The text describes various approaches to ensure public services in rural areas. It is shown that state interventions and European funding policies are testing new approaches and launching pilot projects. However, many of these projects fail due to difficulties in implementation and the sustainable establishment of new solutions. The research project InDaLE examined 18 practical projects in different countries and developed theses for the permanent safeguarding of innovative solutions in public services. The main focus of the text presents the state of research on innovative approaches to public services in rural areas and addresses topics such as local supply, social logistics, and the energy transition. Various projects and their experiences are presented to develop new approaches. The article examines the institutional change in the field of fire prevention education and the importance of new cooperations and actor alliances. Based on case studies from Austria and Germany, five essential steps for the long-term establishment of innovative public service projects are identified. Another contribution compares good practices and success factors in after-school education in rural regions of Scotland and Sweden. It shows how rural communities can create attractive offers with limited resources. A third contribution argues that the labor market policy importance of fundamentally economic systems should be considered in the debate on public services. It emphasizes that strengthening these systems requires impulses from municipalities and higher authorities. The article contains a list of scientific publications on the topic of public services in rural areas. The publications address various aspects such as access to healthcare services, local supply, renewable energy, and infrastructure in rural areas. It also compares various countries and their strategies for ensuring public services. The publications provide insights into the challenges and solutions for the provision of services in rural areas. [Extracted from the article]

This paper examines the determinants of early school leaving (ESL) in a panel of 371 regions of OECD countries observed between 1998 and 2019. The empirical analysis includes both local factors previously emphasized by micro‐economic studies and national‐level factors such as education policies. We find that labor market opportunities for young people, as captured by the youth unemployment rate or the size of low‐skill sectors, can pull students out of school. Conversely, late access to a large number of vocational education tracks, high preprimary enrollment and continuous training for teachers are strongly and negatively correlated with ESL rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: En este artículo se examina el impacto de la reserva de puestos de trabajo en el rendimiento empresarial del sector público en la India. Tras analizar datos de todas las empresas públicas manufactureras de 2014 a 2017 con técnicas de variables instrumentales, se corrobora la hipótesis de que las reservas benefician el rendimiento empresarial si se implementan en puestos de todos los niveles jerárquicos. También se constata que las categorías reservadas están desproporcionadamente representadas en el extremo inferior de la jerarquía organizativa. Este desequilibrio se debe principalmente a limitaciones sistemáticas en las notificaciones de vacantes y a prácticas discriminatorias de las organizaciones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: Las respuestas del mercado de trabajo en anteriores recesiones económicas han sido contradictorias y paradójicas, con reacciones procíclicas y anticíclicas según los países. A falta de redes de protección social, como el seguro de desempleo, las tasas de ocupación anticíclicas pueden evidenciar dificultades económicas, más que oportunidades de ocupación productiva. Tras cotejar los datos de ocupación‐desocupación de los hogares de la India con las recomendaciones de la 19.a Conferencia Internacional de Estadísticos del Trabajo sobre la subutilización de la fuerza de trabajo, en este artículo se critican las deficiencias y se aboga por revisar los métodos de recopilación de datos para fundamentar mejor las políticas del mercado laboral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noncompete law stands at the intersection of competition, equality, innovation, and employment policy. While the Uniform Restrictive Employment Agreements Act (UREAA or the Act) is a positive step forward in curtailing the use of restrictive covenants, the Act is limited in its scope because it adopts a partial noncompete ban rather than a comprehensive ban. Because noncompetes harm not only workers by suppressing mobility and wages but also innovation, entrepreneurship, competition, equality, and market growth, enforcing noncompetes for higher-skilled workers can be particularly harmful from an economic policy perspective. The research on noncompetes-which has become robust in recent years-supports a national, absolute ban on all nonconipetes at all employment levels. This Article, written for the University of Florida Levin College of Law's Journal of Law & Public Policy symposium on U REAA, argues that an absolute ban on noncompetes is superior to the standard of reasoiiableness that the UR-EAA would adopt for higherskilled employees. At the same time, it explains why the Act rightfully tackles not only noncompetes but also the family of restrictive covenants that limit workers' ability to compete post-employment. This Article describes a growing body of academic, empirical, experimental, and theoretical research that demonstrates that the common use of boilerplate employment contracts, which bundle restrictive clauses-including noncompete, non-disclosure, non-solicit, non-poaching, non-dealing, and non-disparagement clauses, with choice-of-law, choice-of-forum, and severability clauses-have detrimental effects on mobility and innovation. This Article concludes that a national solution is superior to a uniform act adopted by states because the research shows that state variation, choice-of-law and choice-of-forum clauses, and misinformation among workers have led to noncompetes and other restrictive covenants being highly prevalent even in states that do not enforce them. Therefore, this Article commends the Federal Trade Commission's recent action in implementing the rule to ban all noncompetes and de facto noncompetes in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to assess the impact of informal land transactions on the risk of house demolitions. A combination of theoretical and empirical tools as well as data obtained from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS, Enquêtes Démographiques et de Santé. Cameroun, 2011), have made it possible to arrive at two significant conclusions: (i) the completion of an informal land transaction increases by 9.4% the risk of the demolition of housing and (ii) the risks of house demolitions are higher in urban areas within poor households with a low level of education, with the tendency towards informal land transactions on average increase by 49%. These results suggest the implementation of inclusive public policies in terms of land supply and housing. They also suggest placing the problem of informal land transactions in a more global perspective including income, enlightenment on land matters and employment policies to reduce the vulnerability of the disadvantaged strata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article examines the phenomenon of homicide in Colombia and aims to understand the conditions of vulnerability that affect homicide in Colombian cities. Through a theoretical and methodological approach based on vulnerability, the relationship between homicidal violence and illegal markets, impoverished labor markets, and wealth distribution was analyzed. The sample consisted of the thirty-two departmental capital cities of Colombia. Multivariate statistical tools (PLS-SEM) were used to analyze the relationship between these factors and homicide. The findings suggest that low incomes, unemployment, inequality, and violence are associated with an increased risk of homicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policies aimed at upskilling, motivating and/or disciplining the unemployed have remained a cornerstone of most OECD countries' employment policies since the 1990s. Central to these policies is the idea of activation – i.e. the premise that benefit entitlement is conditional on one's participation in some kind of activity. This article seek to understand how this idea of activation has proven so enduring by analyzing the international development of Activation Policies since 1990 through the lens offered by the concept of ideational robustness. It is analyzed how the robustness of the idea of activation has been continuously challenged through critiques raised against the effects, the legitimacy and the relevance of activation policies. Yet, in each of these moments of contest, proponents of the idea of activation succeeded in keeping the idea relevant as a point of reference for policymaking. They did so by rebalancing disciplinary and enabling approaches to activation, adding a new scope of application for activation policies, and rearticulating the underlying assumption about client agency. The analysis further reveals how these robustness mechanisms succeeded in appropriating the critiques due to their inscription within the technical and seemingly de-political language concerning effect evaluations, implementation deficits, and new forms of governance. Policymakers were thereby able to downplay normative questions of the legitimacy, fairness, and justice of activation policies. The idea of activation has thus taken on a status as an objective to be implemented as effective and efficiently as possible rather than as an idea to be discussed or challenged. However, while the idea of activation remains robust, the same cannot be said of the governance and implementation structures of activation policies. Our study suggest that the near-constant reforms of these governance arrangements and implementation structures during the last 30 years are partly a consequence of critique being skewed from the idea of activation to these structures and arrangements. The robustness of the idea of activation has thus, rather paradoxically, come about by reducing the robustness of specific activation policies and governance arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the impact of job reservations on Indian public sector enterprises (PSEs) and discovers that, despite reservations being in existence since 1951, the majority of central government-owned manufacturing PSEs do not meet quotas. It states that the disproportionate representation of reserved categories in lower organizational tiers is the result of institutional constraints and discriminatory actions.

Purpose. On the basis of the analysis of legal problems and prospects of state policy (SP) in the field of employment (FE) under martial law to substantiate the direction of SP changes in this area; and the strategic necessity of the social orientation of the specified policy. To offer recommendations: improvement of legal provision of SP; and the addition of legal norms to expand the possibilities of supporting SP with a single information and analytical system (SIAS). Methodology. General scientific and special methods of cognition are used: statistical analysis – to study changes in employment under martial law; analysis and synthesis – to determine the main tasks of SP in FE under martial law conditions, induction and deduction – to determine an important goal of SP – stabilization of this sphere; critical analysis – to substantiate the strategic necessity of the social direction of SP in FE; logical abstraction – to use SIAS for legal support of SP; formal and legal – to develop amendments to legislative acts to eliminate legal problems of SP implementation. Findings. Factors of the influence of the war on the labor market are established, the directions of state policy, caused by the specified influences, are determined. The main tasks of the SP in the field of employment under martial law are defined. It is indicated that the legal non-demarcation of the powers of institutional structures leads to the dysfunction of operational measures in this area. It is noted that the lack of strategic orientation of the SP leads to the acquisition of permanent structural features in the disproportions of the labor market. The importance of combining operational measures and long-term measures to solve strategic tasks is indicated, even under existing military conditions. Originality. The strategic necessity of the social direction of state policy in the field of employment is substantiated, even under martial law conditions, and for this purpose changes in legislation are proposed. The use of SIAS for forecasting employment and legal support of SP is proposed. Additions to legislative acts have been developed for the proper legal support of SP. Practical value. The proposed additions to the Laws of Ukraine, proposals to expand the use of SIAS will allow resolving some legal problems in the field of employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document, titled "Health Keynesianism: Why Full Employment Policy Matters for Population Health," discusses the relationship between income and health and argues for the importance of full employment in improving income distribution and promoting health. The author explains that full employment improves worker bargaining power, leading to higher wages, decreased income inequality, and improved health outcomes. The document also discusses the principles of Health Keynesianism, which include using monetary and fiscal policy to pursue full employment and avoiding unemployment crises through financial sector regulation. The author concludes that full employment is a feasible way to improve health conditions and should be taken seriously in health equity discussions. [Extracted from the article]

Based on empirical evidence, we argue that recent declines in the basic skills of German pupils are highly concerning from a labour market policy perspective. High-quality schooling is crucial for meeting the demands of a changing labour market, as it provides new cohorts of workers with basic and self-productive skills and facilitates the acquisition of more complex skills and lifelong meta-competences. Therefore, education policy must be seen as an integral part of labour market policy. However, there is a distinct lack of communication and coordination between labour and education policy in Germany, due to misaligned incentives and fragmented responsibilities. Recent reforms provide hope that the necessary capacity building can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a book by Professor Toshiaki Hirai, a Japanese economist, which examines the work of economist John Maynard Keynes. The book is divided into three parts, with the first part focusing on the evolution of Keynes's economic theories. The second part explores Keynes's activities during World War II and his proposals for international economic relief and postwar reconstruction. The third part delves into the intellectual context in which Keynes developed his ideas. The author praises the book for its thoroughness and methodology, although they express some disagreement with certain interpretations. [Extracted from the article]

In the book review "Marketization: How Capitalist Exchange Disciplines Workers and Subverts Democracy" by Ian Greer and Charles Umney, the authors argue that marketization processes serve as a form of class discipline for front-line workers, leading them to accept unsatisfactory working conditions. The authors conducted an interview-based study over 10 years in several European countries, focusing on welfare-to-work systems, hospitals, and the live music industry. They found that marketization strips workers of agency and democratic opportunities to improve their working conditions. The authors suggest counteracting marketization through small-scale localism, restoring labor class power, and increasing solidaristic activity. [Extracted from the article]

The document is the cover and front matter of the June 2024 issue of Management and Organization Review, a journal that focuses on management and organizations in China and global comparative contexts. The issue includes articles on topics such as cross-border acquisitions, Chinese investment in Africa, and the influence of social risk on corporate social responsibility reporting. The journal is sponsored by the International Association for Chinese Management Research and features contributions from scholars and researchers in the field. [Extracted from the article]

This contribution poses the problem of the popular fascination for the civil service and its problematic link with the employment policy. It starts from an observation: generally, at the favour of the launching of administrative competitive exams and recruitments giving access to the public service, we systematically witness a massive and popular rush of young people who apply for a position as a public official or civil servant. On observation, this fascination of young people for the public service is linked with the perceptions and social representations that are built around the public agent and more particularly the civil servant. However, this popular fascination for the public service has perverse effects as much on the professional training and employment policy as well as on on the performance and efficiency of the public service.

This study aims to analyze the mediating role of employee engagement and the green work environment in the relationship between motivation and the performance of logistics company employees in Jakarta, Indonesia. Employing a causal quantitative research approach, we distributed 222 questionnaires among logistics employees from four surrounding cities in Jakarta, namely Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. These questionnaires were adapted from past studies. The data were processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares. The results showed that employee performance in logistics companies was positively and significantly influenced by motivation. Furthermore, a green work environment and employee engagement were found to significantly mediate the relationship between motivation and performance. These findings underscore the importance of a green work environment and employee engagement in enhancing motivation and performance in logistics companies. The study implies that employee performance in logistics companies can be elevated through the provision of a green work environment, alongside fostering employee motivation and engagement.

Background: Despite the importance of employment on individual well-being, the literature on the positive impact of work participation, specifically for individuals with Down syndrome, is scant. Aim: We conducted in-depth interviews to explore how people with Down syndrome perceive employment benefits in Malaysia. Method: Forty-five participants were interviewed, including six individuals with Down syndrome, ten family members, six employers and co-workers, 22 community members, and a policy maker. Result: Three themes emerged from reflexive thematic analysis: (1) personal growth, (2) employer incentives, and (3) improving social acceptance. Conclusion: The findings emphasise that fostering a positive attitude towards the employment of individuals with Down syndrome would benefit them and contribute to society. Relevant bodies could utilise the findings to develop effective employment policies for the community.