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The article discusses research on how emphysematous pyelonephritis can lead to end-stage renal failure. It references a study by John A. Sayer of the Institute of Human Genetics of Newcastle University in Newcastle Upon Tyne, published in the February 14, 2008 issue of "NDT Plus." The researchers studied a 63-year-old woman, whose health deteriorated developing respiratory failure and anuric kidney injury. They found that managing this condition requires various methods like nephrectomy.

Background/objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease that results in airflow limitation and respiratory distress, also having many nonrespiratory manifestations that affect both function and mobility. Preliminary evidence suggests that balance deficits constitute an important secondary impairment in individuals with COPD. Our objective was to investigate balance performance in two groups of COPD patients with different body compositions and to observe which of these groups are more likely to experience falls in the future., Methods: We included 27 stable COPD patients and 17 healthy individuals who performed a series of balance tests. The COPD patients were divided in two groups: emphysematous and bronchitic. Patients completed the activities balance confidence scale and the COPD assessment test questionnaire and afterward performed the Berg Balance Scale, timed up and go, single leg stance and 6-minute walking distance test. We analyzed the differences in the balance tests between the studied groups., Results: Bronchitic COPD was associated with a decreased value when compared to emphysematous COPD for the following variables: single leg stance (8.7 vs 15.6; P<0.001) and activities balance confidence (53.2 vs 74.2; P=0.001). Bronchitic COPD patients had a significantly higher value of timed up and go test compared to patients with emphysematous COPD (14.7 vs 12.8; P=0.001)., Conclusion: Patients with COPD have a higher balance impairment than their healthy peers. Moreover, we observed that the bronchitic COPD phenotype is more likely to experience falls compared to the emphysematous phenotype.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a gaseous necrotizing renal infection with high mortality and morbidity. In most of the cases, patients have the history of diabetes mellitus. The disease usually presents with pyelonephritis unresponsive to treatment and is diagnosed with CT scan. Treatment usually requires surgery and antibiotics. In rare cases, patients have unusual presentation of the disease. Here, we report two patients with inguinal hernia symptoms and emphysematous pyelonephritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with pelvic and sacral emphysematous osteomyelitis caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. This infection was cured following four surgical procedures and 4 weeks of intravenous then 4 weeks of oral antibiotics. We review our case alongside the 24 previously reported cases of emphysematous osteomyelitis in the literature. The 25 cases include 15 monomicrobial and 10 polymicrobial infections. The causative organism(s) in all but three cases included an anaerobe or a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. A significant underlying comorbidity was reported in 18 cases. At least 15 cases required one or more surgical procedures. There was a significant associated mortality with eight (32%) patients dying in hospital at 7 to 56 days after the diagnosis of emphysematous osteomyelitis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Emphysematous gastritis is a rare variant of gastritis that is characterised by the presence of gas in the wall of the stomach with CT scan being the procedure of choice for diagnosis. It is a potentially fatal disease that is caused by gas forming organisms and usually presents with systemic toxicity. Predisposing factors include corrosive ingestion, alcohol abuse, abdominal surgery, diabetes, and immunosuppressant. Antimicrobial therapy with antibiotics covering gram-negative organisms and anaerobes, and surgery in appropriate cases may enhance survival. We report a new case of emphysematous gastritis following pelvic surgery, diagnosed with a CT scan that showed gas in both stomach wall and liver portal venous distribution and recovered with conservative management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A 62-yr-old woman with an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of intermittent fever, nausea and left flank discomfort. The computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a gas-forming, infectious cyst of approximately 8.1 cm in size in left kidney lower pole. Escherichia coli was identified from the cyst fluid culture examination. Her symptoms improved only after the concomitant use of intravenous ciprofloxacin and an intracystic irrigation of ciprofloxacin through a percutaneous cystostomy drainage. Our case presents the successfully treated emphysematous cyst infection with combination of intravenous antibiotics and intracystic antibiotic therapy instead of surgical management.

Objective: Emphysematous cholecystitis is a severe form of acute cholecystitis and can be rapidly fatal. We present the imaging features of nine patients with proven emphysematous cholecystitis.