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106. Development of an ombrotrophic peat bog (low ash) reference material for the determination of elemental concentrations

Author

Yafa , C., Farmer, J. G., Graham, M. C., Bacon, J. R., Barbante, C., Cairns, W. R. L., Bindler, Richard, Renberg, Ingemar, Cheburkin, A., Emons, H., Handley, M. J., Norton, S. A., Krachler, M., Shotyk, W., Li, X. D., Martinez-Cortizas, A., Pulford, I. D., MacIver, V., Schweyer, J., Steinnes, E., Sjøbakk, T. E., Weiss, D., Dolgopolova , A., Kylander, M., Yafa , C., Farmer, J. G., Graham, M. C., Bacon, J. R., Barbante, C., Cairns, W. R. L., Bindler, Richard, Renberg, Ingemar, Cheburkin, A., Emons, H., Handley, M. J., Norton, S. A., Krachler, M., Shotyk, W., Li, X. D., Martinez-Cortizas, A., Pulford, I. D., MacIver, V., Schweyer, J., Steinnes, E., Sjøbakk, T. E., Weiss, D., Dolgopolova , A., and Kylander, M.

Abstract

Given the increasing interest in using peat bogs as archives of atmospheric metal deposition, the lack of validated sample preparation methods and suitable certified reference materials has hindered not only the quality assurance of the generated analytical data but also the interpretation and comparison of peat core metal profiles from different laboratories in the international community. Reference materials play an important role in the evaluation of the accuracy of analytical results and are essential parts of good laboratory practice. An ombrotrophic peat bog reference material has been developed by 14 laboratories from nine countries in an inter-laboratory comparison between February and October 2002. The material has been characterised for both acid-extractable and total concentrations of a range of elements, including Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Ti, V and Zn. The steps involved in the production of the reference material (i.e. collection and preparation, homogeneity and stability studies, and certification) are described in detail.

Published
2004
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119. Fatigue in persons with subacute spinal cord injury who are dependent on a manual wheelchair.

Author

Nooijen, C F J, Vogels, S, Bongers-Janssen, H M H, Bergen, M P, Stam, H J, and van den Berg-Emons, H J G

Subjects
ACCELEROMETERS, CONFIDENCE intervals, CYCLING, FATIGUE (Physiology), REGRESSION analysis, RESEARCH funding, SPINAL cord injuries, T-test (Statistics), WHEELCHAIRS, DISEASE prevalence, CROSS-sectional method, SEVERITY of illness index, PHYSICAL activity, DATA analysis software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DISEASE complications
Abstract

Study design:Cross-sectional.Objectives:To determine the prevalence and severity of fatigue in persons with subacute spinal cord injury (SCI), assess whether demographic and lesion characteristics are related to fatigue and determine the relationship with physical fitness and physical behavior.Setting:Measurements were performed 2 months before discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.Methods:Thirty-six persons with subacute SCI, dependent on a manual wheelchair, mean age 43±15 and 83% men, completed the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). FSS scores >4 indicated fatigue. We recorded age and lesion characteristics, measured body mass index, measured peak power output and peak oxygen uptake during a maximal handcycling test and determined physical behavior using an accelerometer-based activity monitor. T-tests were used to test for differences in fatigue between subgroups based on age and lesion characteristics, and regression analyses to assess the relationship with physical fitness and physical behavior.Results:Mean FSS was 3.3±1.3. Fatigue, including severe fatigue, was prevalent in 31% (95% confidence interval: 16-46) of participants compared with 18% in the general population. Furthermore, mean fatigue was significantly higher in persons with incomplete compared with complete lesions (t=2.22, P=0.03). Mean scores between other subgroups did not differ significantly. Of the physical fitness and physical behavior measures, only peak oxygen uptake tended to be related to more fatigue (B=−1.47, P=0.05).Conclusion:Fatigue was prevalent and is of concern in persons with subacute SCI. Those with incomplete lesions seem to be at higher risk. Because fatigue is known to persist among persons with SCI, interventions to reduce fatigue seem necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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126. Development of an ombrotrophic peat bog (low ash) reference material for the determination of elemental concentrations

Author

Yafa, C., primary, Farmer, J. G., additional, Graham, M. C., additional, Bacon, J. R., additional, Barbante, C., additional, Cairns, W. R. L., additional, Bindler, R., additional, Renberg, I., additional, Cheburkin, A., additional, Emons, H., additional, Handley, M. J., additional, Norton, S. A., additional, Krachler, M., additional, Shotyk, W., additional, Li, X. D., additional, Martinez-Cortizas, A., additional, Pulford, I. D., additional, MacIver, V., additional, Schweyer, J., additional, Steinnes, E., additional, Sjøbakk, T. E., additional, Weiss, D., additional, Dolgopolova, A., additional, and Kylander, M., additional

Published
2004
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144. Preface

Author

Emons, H., primary, Wakeford, B., additional, and Wise, S.A., additional

Published
1997
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