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Winter respiratory pathogens account for a large burden of community respiratory illness each year (1-3). Increased illness can result in pressures on hospitals, which can lead to local incidents where [...]

Prior research has shown that for women viewing men, perceiving the color red can enhance attractiveness judgments in some contexts. Additionally, an association exists between the processing of color words and the perception of color stimuli. The present studies examined whether processing the word red would lead to similar psychological effects of perceiving color stimuli. Specifically, we tested whether reading a description of a man wearing a red shirt (relative to other colors) can enhance women's perceptions of the man's attractiveness. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 provided support for this effect for red-gray and red-green contrasts. The findings are discussed with regard to grounded theories of cognition, which suggest that knowledge about color and experience of perceiving color are integrated in a multimodal fashion. Practical implications of the red effect for interpersonal perception and interaction are discussed along with general implications in the domain of color psychology., Author(s): Adam D. Pazda [sup.1] , Andrew J. Elliot [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) 0000 0000 9205 7135grid.267160.4Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina - Aiken, 29801, Aiken, SC, USA (2) [...]

An important recent development in the achievement goal literature is to define achievement goals strictly as aims. In this overview, we argue that this restrictive definition of achievement goals paves the way for a systematic consideration of the autonomous and controlled reasons underlying individuals' achievement goals, a distinction central to self-determination theory. To stimulate work in this area, we formulated five propositions, arguing that consideration of the "why" (i.e., type of reasons) in addition to the "what" (i.e., type of aims) of achievement goals (a) provides an account for the regulatory basis of achievement goals, (b) opens the door for other motivation theories to be linked to the achievement goal literature, (c) matters in terms of predicting outcomes, (d) allows for a richer account of contextual forces influencing motivation, and (e) sets the stage for an enriched hierarchical model of achievement motivation. In closing, we discuss various future research directions.

Francis (2013) tested for and found evidence of publication bias in 1 of the 3 focal relations examined in Elliot et al. (2010), that between red and attractiveness. He then called into question the research as a whole and the field of experimental psychology more generally. Our reply has 3 foci. First, we attend to the bottom line regarding the red-attractiveness effect; it has already been replicated and extended by several independent laboratories. Second, we note that the test applied to our research is an exploratory test meant to be used cautiously and highlight ways in which the application to our research seems incautious. Third, we place the critique in the broader context of the prevailing norms and practices of the field and suggest that the preferred approach to reevaluating and revising the system currently in place is the frank, creative exchange of ideas already underway. (Contains 1 footnote.)