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Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:27Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-04-02 A total of 640 one-day-old male Cobb chicks were used to evaluate the effects of early feed restriction and glutamine on villi density and tip surface of enterocytes in the small intestine of broilers. A two-factor factorial experimental design with glutamine and feed restriction as main factors was used. Treatments consisted of quantitative feed restriction at 30% of ad libitum intake from 7 to 14 days of age, and glutamine addition at 1% in the diet from 1 to 28 days of age. Sections of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) were collected at 14 and 21 days of age for analyses by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Villi density decreased with age and increased in cranial-caudal direction. Glutamine increased villi density in the small intestine. Microvilli density and height decreased with age. Glutamine increased microvilli width. The jejunum was the segment with the largest surface area of the tip of the enterocytes, followed by the duodenum and the ileum. Feed restriction decreased the surface area of the tip of the enterocytes in the small intestine at 14 and at 21 days of age. Glutamine supplemented in the feed increased the surface area of the tip of the enterocytes of the jejunum and ileum at 21 days of age. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007. Universidade Federal do Paraná Centro Politécnico Jardim das Américas, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, sn, 81530-000 Curitiba, PR Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e de Saúde Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná - UTP Departamento de Morfologia FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal Departamento de Morfologia FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T18:55:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 A trial was conducted to assess the effects of the dietary supplement Yucca schidigera extract on the performance of broilers subjected to different coccidiosis control methods. Six hundred male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 treatments with 4 replicates each. The treatments were as follows: T1, vaccinated against coccidiosis; T2, nonvaccinated, a dietary coccidiostat; T3, vaccinated against coccidiosis, diet supplemented with Y. schidigera extract (0.01%); T4, coccidiostat plus Y. schidigera extract added to feed (0.01%); and T5, nonvaccinated, nonsupplemented control. The parameters analyzed were bird performance and morphology of the intestinal mucosal surface. The intestinal villi were higher at 6 d of age in broilers treated with coccidiostats or vaccinated against coccidiosis and supplemented with Y. schidigera extract compared with groups receiving the vaccine only or no treatment. Addition of the Y. schidigera extract to the diet of vaccinated birds improved average daily gain and feed conversion rate at 42 d of age compared with the other treatments, suggesting there might be a beneficial, synergistic effect between the coccidiosis vaccine and the F. schidigera extract. © 2007 Poultry Science Association, Inc. School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo Federal University of Paraná, 80035-050 Curitiba, Paraná School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo

We recently reported a comparison of glycoprotein-encoding genes of different Marek's disease virus pathotypes (MDVs). One mutation found predominantly in very virulent (vv)+MDVs was a 12-bp (four-amino acid) deletion in the glycoprotein L (gL)-encoding gene in four of 23 MDV strains examined (three were vv+MDVs and one was a vvMDV). This mutation was noted in the gL of the TK (615K) strain, but not in the RL (615J) strain of MDV. These strains have identical mutations in the meq gene characteristic of vv+MDVs but can be distinguished by the mutation in the gL-encoding gene. The TK strain was originally isolated from vaccinated chickens and appeared to confer or enhance horizontal transmission of the vaccine virus, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT). Because the molecular basis for increased virulence of MDV field strains is unknown, we hypothesized that one mechanism might be by coreplication of MDV-1 strains with HVT and that it could be mediated by the mutation of gL, an essential component of the glycoprotein H/L complex. In this study, we compared the pathogenicity of TK (615K) and RL (615J) strains of MDV in the presence and absence of simultaneous HVT coinfection. MDV infections were monitored at the levels of viremia (for both MDV-1 and HVT), clinical signs of MD, tumor incidence, and mortality in 1) inoculated chickens, 2) chickens exposed at 1 day of age, 3) chickens exposed at 2 wk of age, and 4) chickens exposed to both TK/HVT- and RL/HVT-infected chickens at 6 wk of age. We found high incidences of clinical MD signs in all inoculated treatment groups and all chickens exposed to TK and RL viruses, regardless of the presence of HVT. The median time to death of chickens exposed to TK1HVT-infected chickens, however, was lower than the other treatment groups for contact-exposed chickens. Although this difference was not considered to be statistically significant to a rigorously interpreted degree because of the removal of chickens for sampling from the test groups, these data suggest that replication of the TK strain and HVT, when coadministered, might incrementally affect the virulence of MDV-1 strains. The strict correlation of this enhancement of virulence with the mutation in gL, however, requires additional experiments with genetically identical MDV background strains.

O controle da umidade da cama na criação comercial de aves é essencial, especialmente no verão, quando há maior ingestão de água pelas aves e as fezes ficam muito liqüefeitas. Uma solução é incorporar substâncias adsorventes de água na dieta, como aluminossilicato, que reduz a água livre e proporciona menor umidade na cama. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar se o aluminossilicato pode melhorar o aspecto das fezes ao ser adicionado na ração de frangos. Foi realizado numa granja comercial em São José dos Pinhais-PR, utilizando-se dois tratamentos e quatro repetições com 25 aves cada. No primeiro tratamento adicionou-se 1% de aluminossilicato (SilvetÒ) à dieta, no segundo, o produto estava ausente. Dos 3 aos 40 dias de vida as aves receberam ração e água ad libitum, sendo pesadas aos 22 e 40 dias e avaliadas quanto consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Realizou-se também necropsia de 4 aves por tratamento, para observação de possíveis lesões macroscópicas e colheita dos conteúdos intestinais que foram enviados para análise de umidade total e cinzas. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA, não havendo diferenças significativas quanto ao desempenho das aves entre os tratamentos, entretanto, em ambas as idades as porcentagens de cinzas e umidade total foram maiores nas aves que receberam aluminossilicato. A inclusão do aluminossilicato na dieta não influencia no desempenho das aves, porém melhora o aspecto fecal, aumentando a quantidade de matéria seca e reduzindo a umidade livre nas fezes excretadas. The use of aluminossilicate (silvet®) as an adjuvant in broiler feces aspect and performance improvement Abstract The control of bed humidity in the creations of r commercial broiler chicken is essential, especially in the summer, when there is a larger ingestion of water the feces becoming more liquefied. The incorporation of water adsorptive substances to the diet, such as the aluminossilicate, reduces the free water and provides lower humidity in the bed. This study was carried out to evaluate the use of aluminossilicate on feces aspect. Two treatments and four repetitions with 25 chicks each were performed in a commercial farm in São José dos Pinhais-PR. At the first treatment 1% of aluminossilicate was added (SilvetÒ) to the diet, while the product was absent in the other. From 3 to 40 days of life the chicks received ration and water ad libitum and were weighted at days 22 and 40 and evaluated over ration consumption, bodyweight gain and alimentary conversion. Necropsy of 4 chicks per treatment was carried out in order to detect possible macroscopic lesions, collect intestinal contents and analyze total humidity and ashes content in the feces. The results submitted to the statistical method ANOVA, did not show expressive differences between the treatments for animal performance. However, in both ages the total humidity and ash percentage were higher on broiler that received aluminossilicate. Aluminossilicate inclusion on diet did not influence in the broiler performance, although it improved the feces aspect by increasing the drought matter quantity and reducing the feces free humidity.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:08:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf: 117236 bytes, checksum: f3d34e8fe939ca390ae5c6848fadce16 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:08:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf: 117236 bytes, checksum: f3d34e8fe939ca390ae5c6848fadce16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:13:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf: 117236 bytes, checksum: f3d34e8fe939ca390ae5c6848fadce16 (MD5) S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf.txt: 16001 bytes, checksum: 403ca907b6c07f68f6a9e4c0492f3fb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:18:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf: 117236 bytes, checksum: f3d34e8fe939ca390ae5c6848fadce16 (MD5) S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf.txt: 16001 bytes, checksum: 403ca907b6c07f68f6a9e4c0492f3fb9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf: 117236 bytes, checksum: f3d34e8fe939ca390ae5c6848fadce16 (MD5) S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf.txt: 16001 bytes, checksum: 403ca907b6c07f68f6a9e4c0492f3fb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of broiler breeder age on the development of the digestive tract of embryos and chicks. Fertilized eggs Cobb from 30 and 60 week-old broiler breeder was utilized in this experiment. The results showed that eggs from older (60 weeks of age) broiler breeders were heavier (p = 0.001) than those from younger (30 weeks of age) broiler breeder. In addition, older broiler breeder had larger (p = 0.001) embryos showing a higher yolk sac (p = 0.001) and higher gastrointestinal tract relative weight (p = 0.007) than those from younger broiler breeder. The activities of pancreatic lipase and trypsin enzymes were also higher in embryos from older broiler breeder than those from younger broiler breeder (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Nevertheless, at the seven-day-old chick, no difference was observed in relative weight of gastrointestinal tract or pancreatic lipase and trypsin activities between older and younger broiler breeder age. However chicks from older broiler breeder were heavier than those from younger broiler breeder (p = 0.005). These data suggest that broiler breeder age is important on grower and on the development of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic lipase and trypsin activities of embryo. However after one week of hatching the morphophysiological difference disappear. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-01-01 This study was carried out to clarify the real role that was played by the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in the epidemiological plan, under the perspective as infection source of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). For this, they used specific-pathogen-free birds (SPF) that were housed with inoculated quails with a pathogenic strain (velogenic viscerotropic), of NDV (DIE50=108,15/0.1 ml), by the ocular-nasal via. Each group was composed by 6 SPF birds and 12 Japanese quails. After 4, 14 and 20 days since the inoculation of the quails with NDV, 6 SPF birds were put together with each group of quails, so that there was a direct contact among the species. After 5, 14 and 20 days since the challenge of the quails with NDV, the samples were collected through the vent swabs of the quails for the viral isolation (pathogenic virus) in SPF embryos. There was no clinical disease in the quails inoculated with NDV. Therefore, there was viral isolation from 5 to 14 days after the challenge with the NDV, demonstrating, this way the state of carrier of the quail NDV, which happened until 14 days of the experimental infection with this pathogen. So, 100% of the SPF birds which housed with the NDV infected quail, after 5 (group 1) and 14 days (group 2), died from 4 to 7 days after the direct contact among species. This way, the transmission of the pathogenic virus of the quail was evident until 14 days of the experimental infection with this pathogen (NDV) for the SPF birds that housed together, and that calls the attention to the importance of the quail from the epidemiological point of view as potential source of infection of the NDV to commercial birds that housed with these specie or near this breeding. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2004. UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP UFPR, Curitiba - PR LARA, Campinas - SP UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a eficácia da parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PCSC) como inibidor dos efeitos tóxicos da aflatoxina em frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 320 frangos distribuídos em quatro tratamentos com quatro repetições de 20 aves cada: T1- controle; T2 – 0.1% PCSC; T3 – 500 ppb de aflatoxina; T4 – 0.1% PCSC + 500 ppb de aflatoxina. Os parâmetros avaliados foram consumo de ração; ganho de peso; conversão alimentar; peso relativo de fígado, rins e bursa de Fabricius. O nível de Aflatoxina da dieta afetou (P0,05) outros parâmetros de desempenho aos 21 e 42 dias de idade. A PCSC melhorou a conversão alimentar das aves expostas ou não à aflatoxina aos 42 dias de idade. A aflatoxina e/ou PCSC da dieta não afetaram o peso relativo dos órgãos avaliados. Não foram observadas interações entre aflatoxina e PCSC. Os resultados demonstram que, nos níveis utilizados no presente estudo, a aflatoxina não causa efeitos deletérios às aves em condições experimentais. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CWSC) as an inhibitor of the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. A total of 320 broilers were distributed in four treatments with four replicates of 20 birds each: T1- control; T2 – 0.1% CWSC; T3 – 500 ppb of aflatoxin; T4 – 0.1% CWSC + 500 ppb of aflatoxin. The parameters evaluated were feed intake; weight gain, feed conversion; relative weights of liver, kidneys and bursa of Fabricius. Although aflatoxin has decreased (P0.05) other performance parameters when the birds were at 21 and 42 days of age. The CWSC improved the feed conversion of birds exposed or not to aflatoxin at 42 days of age. The aflatoxin and / or CWSC in the diet did not affect the relative weight of evaluated organs. No interaction between CWSC and dietary aflatoxin was found. These results demonstrate that, at the levels given in this study, aflatoxin do not cause deleterious effects in the performance of broilers when in experimental conditions.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782003000100019.pdf: 247730 bytes, checksum: ac2664acd434b1f57cc8b01456fe2e13 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782003000100019.pdf: 247730 bytes, checksum: ac2664acd434b1f57cc8b01456fe2e13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:56:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782003000100019.pdf: 247730 bytes, checksum: ac2664acd434b1f57cc8b01456fe2e13 (MD5) S0103-84782003000100019.pdf.txt: 14443 bytes, checksum: d5616850873060fae1d6f1c3f92d192e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782003000100019.pdf: 247730 bytes, checksum: ac2664acd434b1f57cc8b01456fe2e13 (MD5) S0103-84782003000100019.pdf.txt: 14443 bytes, checksum: d5616850873060fae1d6f1c3f92d192e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782003000100019.pdf: 247730 bytes, checksum: ac2664acd434b1f57cc8b01456fe2e13 (MD5) S0103-84782003000100019.pdf.txt: 14443 bytes, checksum: d5616850873060fae1d6f1c3f92d192e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Este experimento foi realizado para avaliar o emprego da microscopia eletrônica de varredura no estudo da reação respiratória pós-vacinal em epitélio traqueal de codornas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) imunizadas contra a doença de Newcastle. Foram utilizadas 36 codornas que foram distribuídas em quatro grupos, sendo: T1 ¾ grupo de aves controle (não vacinado), T2 ¾ grupo de aves vacinadas com a estirpe Ulster 2C, T3 ¾ grupo vacinado com a estirpe B1, T4 ¾ grupo de aves vacinadas com a estirpe LaSota. Independente do grupo experimental, as aves não apresentaram sinais clínicos detectáveis de reação respiratória pós-vacinal. Entretanto, na análise de fragmentos traqueais, ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura, observou-se que as codornas vacinadas com as estirpes B1 e LaSota desenvolveram descamação epitelial da traquéia, enquanto as aves vacinadas com a estirpe Ulster 2C não desenvolveram tal alteração, mostrando um epitélio traqueal íntegro, semelhante ao grupo controle. This study aimed at evaluating the use of scanning electron microscopy in the study of the post-vaccinal respiratory reaction of the tracheal epithelium of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) immunized against Newcastle disease. A number of 36 quails were distributed into four groups: T1 ¾ control birds (non-vaccinated); T2 ¾ birds vaccinated with Ulster 2C strain; t3 ¾ birds vaccinated with B1 strain; t4 ¾ birds vaccinated with LaSota strain. Regardless the experimental group, birds did not show detectable clinical signs of post-vaccinal respiratory reaction. However, the analysis of tracheal fragments by scanning electron microscopy showed that birds vaccinated with B1 and LaSota strains developed epithelial sloughing of the trachea, whereas those vaccinated Ulster 2C strain did not develop this change, demonstrating intact tracheal epithelium, similar to the control group. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Patologia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Patologia Veterinária

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T09:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-01-01 A study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) as an inhibitor of aflatoxicosis in broilers. Clinic, pathologic, immune and productive aspects of broilers fed with aflatoxin in the diets were studied. The results showed that the feed intake and weight gain were negatively affected (P < 0.01) for aflatoxin in diet (1000 ppb). The SC (0, 20%) added to diet did not ameliorated the negatively aflatoxin effect at broiler weight gain, however the SC improve the feed conversion in this birds. The humoral immune response of broilers vaccinated against Newcastle virus disease (NDV) was reduced for aflatoxin in diet, as also the liver, kidneys and bursa of Fabricius were negatively affected for this toxin at diet. The SC did not improve the hemagglutination inhibiting antibody titers in birds fed with aflatoxin in diet, however improve the immune response of broilers at challenge with strain velogenic of NDV. © Asian Network for Scientific Information 2003. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Politécnico/Universidade Federal do Paraná Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:56:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-01-01 Several studies demonstrate that environmental temperature can influence the immune response of poultry. The objective of this research was to determine at which stage in the life of a bird this effect is greatest. In experiment 1, broiler breeder eggs were incubated at three different temperatures (36.8 ± 0.2, 37.8 ± 0.2, and 38.8 ± 0.2°C) from the 13th day of incubation to hatching. After hatching, birds were raised in thermoneutral temperature. In experiment 2, 144 1-d-old broiler chicks were distributed into three environmental chambers with different temperatures (18 ± 2, 24 ± 2, and 32 ± 2°C). In both experiments, the humoral immune responses to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease (IBDV) were evaluated. NDV and IBDV antibody titers were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Depto. de Patol. Veterinária Faculdade Cie. Agrarias Veterinarias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP Depto. de Patol. Veterinária Faculdade Cie. Agrarias Veterinarias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:08:06Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:08:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-05-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-05-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:55Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-05-01 Esse experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a ação de produto de exclusão competitiva (EC) sobre os efeitos da ocratoxina A (OA). As aves alimentadas com 2 ppm de OA na dieta reduziram significativamente o consumo de ração e ganho de peso, além de apresentarem pior conversão alimentar quando comparadas às aves não expostas à OA na dieta. O emprego da EC no primeiro dia de vida não minimizou esses efeitos, bem como não afetou os parâmetros zootécnicos estudados. Aves alimentadas com OA apresentaram diminuição nos títulos vacinais contra o vírus da doença de Newcastle, evidenciando-se assim a interferência dessa micotoxina na resposta imune humoral de frangos de corte. de outra forma, a EC não interferiu na resposta imune humoral de frangos de corte vacinados contra a doença de Newcastle. Tanto a AO como a EC não alteraram os dados de altura de vilo, profundidade de cripta e relação vilo:cripta nas aves aos sete dias de idade quando comparados àqueles do grupo controle na mesma idade This experiment aimed at evaluating the action of competitive exclusion (CE) on the effects of ochratoxin A (OA). Birds fed 2ppm OA in the diet had significant lower feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion than birds not exposed to OA in the diet. The use of CE on the first day of age did not minimize these effects nor the performance parameters studied. Birds fed OA has lower vaccinal titers of Newcastle disease virus, showing the interference of this mycotoxin on the humoral immune response of broilers. CE did not interfere in the humoral immune response of broilers vaccinated for Newcastle disease. OA and CE did not influence villus height, crypt depth, nor villus:crypt ratio in seven-day-old birds as compared to control broilers of the same age. UNESP FCAV UNESP FCAV

Micotoxinas são metabólitos tóxicos produzidos por fungos, de natureza heterogênea e com variados princípios farmacológicos, que podem atuar sobre o organismo animal prejudicando o seu desempenho e desenvolvendo alterações patológicas graves. Nos últimos anos, as micotoxicoses têm recebido especial atenção devido às enormes perdas que vem causando na avicultura mundial. Fungos do gênero Fusarium são descritos como produtores de diversos tipos de toxinas. Assim sendo, as intoxicações causadas por essas micotoxinas, dificilmente ocorrerão devido a uma substância isolada, de forma que se faz necessário obter maiores informações sobre o efeito interativo dessas toxinas. Mycotoxins are fungi toxic metabolites, heterogeneous in their nature and with varied pharmacological actions. They can cause injuries to animals, resulting in decreased performance and serious pathologic lesion. In the last years, the mycotoxicosis has received special attention worldwide due to losses in poultry industry. Fusarium fungi are reported as producers of diverse mycotoxin. Therefore, intoxication caused by Fusarium mycotoxins will hardly be due to one separate substance and more information is needed about the interaction effect of these.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:56:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-01-01 Use of antibiotics as an additive in poultry diets to improve growth has been discussed in relation to bacterial resistance and the development of new products and management practices. This study was carried out to test the efficacy of a new substance (Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls, var. Calsberg- SCCW) obtained from the brewery industry, added (at 0.1 and 0.2%) to broiler chicken diets (based on corn and soybean meal), on performance and intestinal mucosa development In Experiment 1 (carried out in litter-floor pens) the results revealed higher body weight gain for the total experimental period and higher villus height at 7 d of age for the birds fed 0.2% SCCW. In a field test using 44,000 broilers that received feed containing 0.2% SCCW, the results also showed higher body weight gain and better feed conversion for SCCW-supplemented birds. The present findings show that SCCW improved body weight gain in broiler chickens and that this effect can be attributed to the trophic effect of this product on the intestinal mucosa, because it increases villus height, particularly during the first 7 d of a chicken's life. Depto. de Morfol. e Fisiol. Animal Faculdade Cie. Agrarias Veterinarias Campus de Jaboticabal-Unesp, Cep: 14870-000 Jaboticabal, SP Cooperativa Holambra, Holambra, SP Prodesa Alimentos S.A., Campinas, SP Frango Sertanejo S.A., Guapiaçu, SP Depto. de Morfol. e Fisiol. Animal Faculdade Cie. Agrarias Veterinarias Campus de Jaboticabal-Unesp, Cep: 14870-000 Jaboticabal, SP

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:08:06Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:08:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:46Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-01-01 Foi investigado o efeito da substituição de antibióticos por prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico em dietas para frangos de corte de 1 a 45 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 750 pintos de 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em cinco tratamentos, sendo: T1-sem aditivos, T2-antibiótico (Olaquindoxâ e Nitrovinâ ), T3-prebiótico (0,2% de parede celular de S. cerevisiae), T4-probiótico (300 ppm de B. subtilis) e T5-simbiótico (T3 + T4). O desempenho dos frangos de 1-45 dias de idade foi influenciado pelos diferentes tratamentos, sendo o melhor ganho de peso observado em aves que receberam o simbiótico, seguido daquelas com antibiótico, prebiótico e probiótico. O pior ganho de peso foi observado nas aves que não receberam qualquer tipo de aditivo na dieta. A conversão alimentar, no período de 1 a 45 dias de idade, também foi influenciada pelo tipo de aditivo. As aves que não receberam suplementação apresentaram pior conversão alimentar quando comparadas com as aves dos demais tratamentos. Os resultados deste experimento permitem concluir que a substituição de antibióticos por simbióticos na ração de frangos é uma alternativa viável, pois não compromete o desempenho das aves, contudo a ausência de aditivos na dieta piora o desempenho das mesmas. This study was carried out with the objective to test the substitution of antibiotics by prebiotics, probiotics or symbiotics in broiler chickens diet up to 45 days of age. Day-old chicks (n=750) were divided in five treatments, as follow: T1-no additives, T2-antibiotics (Olaquindoxâ e Nitrovinâ ), T3-prebiotic (0.2% de S. cerevisiae cell wall), T4-probiotics (300ppm B.subtilis) and T5-symbiotic (T3+ T4). The performance of broilers up to 45 days of age was influenced by treatments, with better weight gain observed in the birds fed with symbiotics, followed by antibiotcs, prebiotics and probiotics. The worse body weight gain was obtained by the broilers whose diet was not supplemented by any additive. During this period, feed conversion was also affected depending on the additive used, since the birds not supplemented showed the worse results when compared to the birds of the other treatments. The findings of this study suggest that the substitution of antibiotics by symbiotics in broiler chicken diets is an alternative to poultry industry, since no negative effect was found on performance. However, the total absence of additives in the diets worsened the broiler chicken performance. UNESP FCAV Depto. de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal UNESP FCAV Depto. de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal

O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar níveis de ácido fólico e nicotínico sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 400 pintos de corte de l dia de idade, machos, da linhagem Hubbard em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial 2x2, com 2 vitaminas (ácido fólico e ácido nicotínico), 2 níveis (alto e baixo), sendo cada unidade experimental constituída de 20 aves. Os níveis utilizados das vitaminas ácido fólico (AF) e ácido nicotínico (AN) foram oriundos da média utilizada pelas grandes integrações avícolas do sul do Brasil, sendo o nível denominado alto igual a 120% da média das empresas e o nível baixo igual a 80% da média. As dietas foram calculadas para serem isonutritivas, variando apenas as vitaminas em estudo. No término do período experimental, foram colhidos dados para análise dos seguintes parâmetros: consumo de ração, ganho médio de peso, conversão alimentar e viabilidade criatória. Também se avaliaram dados de índice de eficiência produtiva, -rendimento de carcaça, gordura abdominal e peso de fígado. Os resultados sugerem que o s níveis considerados baixos não acarretam prejuízo no que se refere aos parâmetros zootécnicos analisados.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782000000300022.pdf: 40854 bytes, checksum: 2157a6b081754184b9c2051b90c5fda8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782000000300022.pdf: 40854 bytes, checksum: 2157a6b081754184b9c2051b90c5fda8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782000000300022.pdf: 40854 bytes, checksum: 2157a6b081754184b9c2051b90c5fda8 (MD5) S0103-84782000000300022.pdf.txt: 15570 bytes, checksum: 70c9d909c181bdb7cb7e5a176d78ef6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782000000300022.pdf: 40854 bytes, checksum: 2157a6b081754184b9c2051b90c5fda8 (MD5) S0103-84782000000300022.pdf.txt: 15570 bytes, checksum: 70c9d909c181bdb7cb7e5a176d78ef6e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782000000300022.pdf: 40854 bytes, checksum: 2157a6b081754184b9c2051b90c5fda8 (MD5) S0103-84782000000300022.pdf.txt: 15570 bytes, checksum: 70c9d909c181bdb7cb7e5a176d78ef6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-06-01 Desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de ácidos orgânicos adicionados à dieta de aves de postura. Foram utilizadas 75 frangas Isa Brown de 4 meses de idade, divididas em três grupos experimentais (I, II e III) de 25 aves cada e avaliadas por um período de 8 semanas. O grupo I recebeu ração tratada com ácidos orgânicos por quatro semanas, enquanto que o grupo II recebeu ração com ácidos orgânicos por oito semanas, permanecendo o grupo III sem a suplementação de ácidos orgânicos durante todo o período experimental, sendo definido como grupo controle. Ao final do experimento, foram observados dados de produção de ovos, peso das aves, qualidade e peso de ovos. Os resultados demonstraram que a produção de ovos foi melhor nas aves tratadas com o aditivo acidificante (grupos I e II), sendo que os acidificantes também proporcionaram um melhor peso corporal nas aves (P0.05) but the egg weight and egg quality were not affected. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto Biológico Laboratório de Patologia Avícola de Bastos IGI Vinaland Laboratories Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Patologia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto Biológico Laboratório de Patologia Avícola de Bastos Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Patologia Veterinária

O crescimento fúngico e a subsequente contaminação de produtos destinados à alimentação animal ehumana por toxinas produzidas pelos fungos representam não só risco econômico, ao influenciarnegativamente no desenvolvimento dos cereais e não apresentar o valor nutritivo adequado e, comotambém, para a saúde, podendo ocasionar micotoxicoses nos animais pela ingestão de cereais, contaminadose nos seres humanos expostos, tanto pelo consumo de cereais quanto pelo consumo de produtos animaiscontaminados, como leite, carne e ovos. As fumonisinas, produzidas pelos fungos Fusarium moniliforme e F.proliferatum, são uma família de micotoxinas que podem contaminar os alimentos, predominantemente àbase de milho. Nas espécies aviárias, as fumonisinas têm associação, principalmente, com redução nodesempenho, mas podem causar severa imunossupressão, afetando células e órgãos do sistema imune.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:42:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-01-01 We studied the effect of feed and water deprivation on gastrointestinal tract and intestinal mucosa development of chicks at 24, 48, and 72 h posthatching. The treatments were water and feed ad libitum, water ad libitum and no feed, no water but feed ad libitum, and no water and no feed. The relative weight of the yolk sac was not influenced by the treatments. However, at 48 and 72 h posthatching, the relative weight of the liver increased, and the gizzard + proventriculus weight decreased in birds receiving feed ad libitum. An increase in jejunum and ileum relative weights and lengths was observed when the birds were supplied with feed and water. The lack of water produced the same effect as the lack of feed, both causing a higher number of villi per area with reduction in villus size, when compared with feed and water ad libitum treatments. The results of this study revealed that feed and water are able to affect intestinal villus development after hatching, indicating that both feed and water must be supplied to the chicks immediately after hatching. Faculdade Cie. Agrarias V. Depto. de Morfol. e Fisiol. Animal, Jaboticabal, São Paulo

Analisar o aspecto fecal de frangos pode revelar de modo precoce, alterações que poderão ser relacionadas a problemas entéricos, que em grande parte das vezes ocorrem devido ao desequilíbrio da microbiota intestinal (disbiose). Deste modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo utilizar análises de metagenômica para analisar a relação entre o aspecto morfológico de fezes de frangos e sua respectiva composição bacteriana. O estudo foi composto por um total de oito grupos, os grupos 1, 2 e 3 analisaram fezes com passagem de ração (PR), nos escores 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Os grupos 4, 5 e 6 analisaram fezes com muco avermelhado (MA), nos escores 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. O grupo 7 analisou fezes ileais normais (FIN) e o grupo 8 analisou descargas cecais (DC). Cada grupo foi composto por seis amostras, totalizando 48 amostras. As amostras tiveram o DNA total extraído, e na sequência, se amplificou a região V4 do gene 16S rRNA. O sequenciamento foi realizado no sistema MiSeq e as reads produzidas foram de 2x250 pb. O programa DADA2 fez a modelagem e a correção de erros de amplicons sem a construção de OTUs. As diversidades alfa e beta, assim como, a abundância relativa dos filos e gêneros permitiram entender um pouco mais do comportamento das comunidades bacterianas em seus respectivos aspectos fecais. A diversidade alfa mostrou, através de curvas de rarefação, que as amostras atingiram seu máximo potencial de revelação gênica. E o index de Shannon revelou que o grupo DC apresentou maior diversidade, sendo estatisticamente diferente dos grupos PR-2, PR-3 e MA-1. A diversidade beta mostrou que somente as amostras do grupo DC foram homogêneas. A abundância relativa de filos revelou oito diferentes filos, sendo Firmicutes o mais abundante em todos os grupos, Proteobacteria o segundo mais abundante nos grupos que estudaram fezes ileais normais e suas alterações. Já o filo Bacteroidetes foi o segundo mais abundante no grupo DC. A abundância relativa dos gêneros revelou 136 diferentes gêneros bacterianos. Nos grupos que estudaram fezes ileais normais e suas alterações, os gêneros mais abundantes foram Lactobacillus e Escherichia/Shigella, com exceção do grupo PR-1 que teve essa ordem invertida. Diferente dos demais, o grupo DC teve maior abundância dos gêneros Bacteroides e Faecalibacterium. As análises estatísticas foram feitas com Teste t de Studant (P

Setenta e seis amostras intestinais de lotes de perus apresentando ou não sinais clínicos de enterite foram avaliadas quanto à presença de adenovírus grupo 1 (TAV), vírus da enterite hemorrágica dos perus (HEV), astrovírus tipo 1 e 2 (TAstV-1 e TAstV-2), coronavírus dos perus (TCoV), reovírus, rotavírus e vírus da nefrite aviária (ANV) através da reação em cadeia da polimerase. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados quanto à região geográfica de origem das amostras, idade das aves e presença de sinais clínicos nos lotes. Foi detectada elevada positividade das amostras para pelo menos um vírus (93,4%), e grande número de amostras com associações de mais de um vírus (69,7%). Santa Catarina foi o estado com maior média de número de vírus detectados em associação nas amostras (3,14) e Goiás o estado com menor média (1,73). As amostras provenientes de aves em fase inicial de criação (1 a 4 semanas de idade) tiveram média de 3,20 vírus detectados por amostra, e 85% de detecção de TAstV-1 e TCoV (os mais frequentes), enquanto que na fase de terminação (5 a 18 semanas) foi observada menor média de vírus associados nas amostras (2,41), e os agentes mais detectados foram TAstV-1 (57,1%) e rotavírus (51,8%), no entanto, todos os vírus apresentaram menor frequência na fase de terminação do que na inicial, com exceção do TAV e reovírus. Quando os sinais clínicos estavam presentes todos os vírus foram detectados em maior percentual (sendo TAstV-1, TAstV-2 e TCoV os mais frequentes) do que nos lotes sem sinais clínicos, onde TAstV-1 e rotavírus foram os mais frequentes. Estudos posteriores são necessários para a compreensão do papel de cada vírus no desenvolvimento de enterites. Intestinal samples from seventy-six Brazilian turkey flocks affected or not with intestinal disorders were evaluated for the presence of Adenovirus group 1 (TAV), hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), Astrovirus type 1 and 2 (TAstV-1 e TAstV-2), turkey Coronavirus (TCoV), Reovirus, Rotavirus and avian nephritis virus (ANV) using the polimerase chain reaction. Geographic location, age of the flocks and the presence of clinical signs were analyzed in order to find a relationship with the viral detection. A high frequency of positive samples for at least one virus was observed (93,4%) and 69,7% of the samples showed an association of more than one agent. The highest average number of viruses detected in association (3,14) was found in the state of Santa Catarina and Goias showed the lowest average (1,73). An average of 3,20 viruses per sample was detected in poults in initial phase of the production cycle (1 to 4 weeks of age), and TAstV-1 and TCoV were detected in 85% of the samples (the most frequent viruses), while the terminanting phase (5 to 18 weeks) showed lower average number of viruses in association (2,41), and the most frequent viruses were TAstV-1 (57,1%) and rotavírus (51,8%). However, all the viruses were detected more frequently in the initial phase rather than in the terminating phase, in exception of TAV and reoviruses. A higher detection of the viruses was observed in poults with clinical signs (as TAstV-1, TAstV-2 and TCoV were the most frequent) compared to normal birds (as TAstV-1 and rotavirus were the most frequent). Furher researches should focus on the description and comprehension of the role of each virus, and the different combinations of viruses, in the development of enteric disease.

Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos sistêmicos da contaminação por micotoxinas, enfatizando aspectos imunológicos e morfológicos, dois experimentos foram realizados. No primeiro experimento, 24 leitões de 5 semanas de idade foram divididos em 4 grupos, cada um recebendo dieta controle, dieta contaminada com 2,8 mg/Kg DON ou 5,9 mg/Kg FB ou 6,5 mg/Kg DON+FB. Os animais foram imunizados com ovalbumina no 4º e 16º dia e amostras de sangue foram coletadas. Após 35 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados. Amostras de tecidos foram coletadas e fixadas em formol 10% e em nitrogênio líquido a -80ºC. Com as amostras de sangue, realizaram-se exames hematológicos, bioquímicos e imunológicos. As amostras de tecidos fixadas em formol 10% foram submetidas a processamento histológico e imunoistoquímico, enquanto que as amostras congeladas foram submetidas a Western Blot e PCR para avaliação da expressão de proteínas de junção e citocinas. No segundo experimento foram utilizados dois modelos experimentais. No modelo in vivo, 24 leitões de 4 semanas de idade foram distribuídos em 2 grupos. Durante 28 dias, um grupo recebeu dieta controle e o outro dieta contaminada com 2,3 mg/Kg DON. Ao término do experimento, seis animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados e amostras de jejuno e íleo foram coletadas e fixadas em formol a 10% e em nitrogênio líquido a -80ºC. Para realização do modelo ex vivo foram eutanasiados seis animais de 4 semanas de idade para a obtenção dos explantes jejunais, os quais foram expostos a 5 e 10µmol/L de DON durante 4 horas, sob agitação constante a 39ºC. Após a incubação, estes foram fixados em formol 10% ou nitrogênio líquido a -80ºC. Com as amostras obtidas nos 2 modelos experimentais foram realizadas as técnicas de Western Blot e histopatologia, para avaliação da expressão de MAPK’s e morfologia intestinal. A ingestão de dietas contaminadas com 2,8 mg/Kg de DON induziu ao aumento da expressão de citocinas de jejuno e íleo, enquanto que a ingestão de dietas contaminadas com 5,9 mg/Kg de FB aumentou a expressão de citocinas no íleo. Nos animais que ingeriram dietas contaminadas com 6,5 mg/Kg DON+FB houve uma diminuição na resposta imune sistêmica. Alterações morfológicas em fígado, pulmão, rins e intestinos foram observadas em animais que ingeriram as micotoxinas de forma isolada ou em associação. A expressão das proteínas de junção E-caderina e Ocludina diminuiu significativamente nos animais que ingeriram dietas contaminadas com 2,8 mg/Kg DON e 6,5 mg/Kg DON+FB. No segundo experimento, os dados obtidos no modelo ex vivo demonstraram a capacidade de DON, nas doses de 5 e 10 µmol/L, de provocar lise de enterócitos, edema intersticial e fusão de vilosidades. Em ambos os modelos experimentais, verificou-se que DON ativou a expressão das MAPK’s p44/42 ERK ½ e phospho p38, não sendo observada a ativação de SAPK/JNK. Em conclusão, os dados obtidos indicam que a ingestão de dietas mono ou co-contaminadas induziram alterações morfológicas e imunológicas que podem predispor os animais a infecções secundárias. Two experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the systemic effects of mycotoxin contamination, emphasizing morphological and immunological aspects. In the first study, 24 5-week-old piglets were divided into four groups, each group receiving a diet: one diet negative control and 3 diets contaminated with 2.8 mg/Kg DON, 5.9 mg/Kg FB and 6.5 mg/Kg DON + FB respectively. The animals were immunized with ovalbumin on the 4th and 16th days and blood samples were collected. After 35 days, the animals were euthanized. Tissue samples were collected and fixed in 10% formalin and in liquid nitrogen at -80 °C. The blood samples were used in hematological, biochemical and immunological tests. The tissue samples fixed in formaldehyde 10% were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical processing while the frozen samples were subjected to Western Blot and PCR to evaluate the expression of junction proteins and cytokines. In the second experiment, an in vivo study, twenty four 4-weeks-old piglets were distributed into two groups. For 28 days, one group received a control diet and the other a diet contaminated with 2.3 mg/Kg DON. At the end of the experiment, six animals from each group were euthanized. Samples of jejunum and ileum were collected and fixed in 10% formalin and in liquid nitrogen at -80°C. Using the ex vivo model , six 4-week-old animals were euthanized to obtain jejunal explants, which were exposed to 5 and 10μmol/L of DON for 4 hours, under constant stirring at 39°C. After incubation, these were fixed in 10% formalin and in liquid nitrogen at -80°C. The samples obtained from the two experimental models were analyzed with western blot techniques and histopathology, to evaluate the expression of MAPK's and intestinal morphology. Ingestion of diets contaminated with 2.8 mg /Kg DON induced increased expression of cytokines in the jejunum and ileum, whereas the intake of diets contaminated with 5.9 mg/Kg FB increased the expression of cytokines in the ileum. In animals fed diets contaminated with 6.5 mg/Kg DON + FB there was a decrease in systemic immune response. Morphological changes in liver, lung, kidneys and intestines were observed in animals fed mycotoxins in isolation or in combination. The expression of junction protein e-cadherin and ocludin decreased significantly in animals fed diets contaminated with 2.8 mg/Kg DON and 6.5 mg/Kg DON + FB. In the second experiment, the data obtained in the ex vivo model demonstrated the ability of DON, at doses of 5 and 10 μmol/L, to cause lysis of enterocytes, interstitial edema and fusion of villi. In both experimental models, it was observed that DON activated the expression of MAPK’s p44/42 ERK ½ and phospho p38, with no observed activation of SAPK/JNK. In conclusion, these data indicate that intake of mono or co-infected diets induced morphological and immunological changes that may predispose animals to secondary infections.