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101. The transmission spectrum of Earth-size transiting planets

Author

Ehrenreich, David, Tinetti, Giovanna, Etangs, Alain Lecavelier Des, Vidal-Madjar, Alfred, and Selsis, Franck

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

A variety of terrestrial planets with different physical parameters and exotic atmospheres might plausibly exist outside our Solar System, waiting to be detected by the next generation of space-exploration missions. Some of these planets might transit their parent star. We present here the first study of atmospheric signatures of transiting Earth-size exoplanets. We focus on a limited number of significant examples, for which we discuss the detectability of some of the possible molecules present in their atmospheres, such as water, carbon dioxide, ozone or molecular oxygen. To this purpose, we developed a model to simulate transmission spectra of Earth-size exoplanets from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. According to our calculations, the signatures of planetary atmospheres represent an absorption of a few parts-per-million (ppm) in the stellar flux. The atmospheres of a few Earth-like planets can be detected with a 30-40m telescope. The detection of the extensive atmospheres of tens of small satellites of giant exoplanets and hundreds of hypothetical ocean-planets can be achieved with 20-30m and 10-20m instruments, respectively, provided all these planets are frequent and they are efficiently surveyed. We also found that planets around K stars are favored, mainly because these stars are more numerous and they are smaller compared to G or F stars. While not addressed in this study, limitations might come from the stellar photometric micro-variability., Comment: Accepted in A&A (29/09/2005)

Published
2005
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102. Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape in HD 189733 b: Signatures of Carbon and Hydrogen Measured with the Hubble Space Telescope

Author

Dos Santos, Leonardo A., primary, García Muñoz, Antonio, additional, Sing, David K., additional, López-Morales, Mercedes, additional, Alam, Munazza K., additional, Bourrier, Vincent, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Henry, Gregory W., additional, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, additional, Mikal-Evans, Thomas, additional, Nikolov, Nikolay K., additional, Sanz-Forcada, Jorge, additional, and Wakeford, Hannah R., additional

Published
2023
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103. Two temperate earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ 1002

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Junta de Andalucía, Swiss National Science Foundation, Gobierno de Canarias, Suárez Mascareño, A., González-Álvarez, E., Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Faria, J. P., Passegger, V.M., González Hernández, Jonay I., Figueira, Pedro, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Rebolo López, Rafael, Pepe, F., Santos, Nuno C., Cristiani, Stefano, Lovis, Christophe, Silva, André, Ribas, Ignasi, Amado, Pedro J., Caballero, J. A., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Reiners, Ansgar, Zechmeister, Mathias, Adibekyan, Vardan, Alibert, Y., Béjar, Victor J. S., Benatti, S., D'Odorico, Valentina, Damasso, M., Delisle, J. -B., Di Marcantonio, P., Dreizler, S., Ehrenreich, David, Hatzes, Artie P., Hara, N. C., Henning, Thomas, Kaminski, Adriaan, López González, Maria J., Martins, C.J.A.P., Micela, Giusi, Montes, D., Pallé, Enric, Pedraz, S., Rodríguez Martínez, Eloy, Rodríguez-López, Cristina, Tal-Or, L., Sousa, S. G., Udry, Stephane, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Junta de Andalucía, Swiss National Science Foundation, Gobierno de Canarias, Suárez Mascareño, A., González-Álvarez, E., Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Faria, J. P., Passegger, V.M., González Hernández, Jonay I., Figueira, Pedro, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Rebolo López, Rafael, Pepe, F., Santos, Nuno C., Cristiani, Stefano, Lovis, Christophe, Silva, André, Ribas, Ignasi, Amado, Pedro J., Caballero, J. A., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Reiners, Ansgar, Zechmeister, Mathias, Adibekyan, Vardan, Alibert, Y., Béjar, Victor J. S., Benatti, S., D'Odorico, Valentina, Damasso, M., Delisle, J. -B., Di Marcantonio, P., Dreizler, S., Ehrenreich, David, Hatzes, Artie P., Hara, N. C., Henning, Thomas, Kaminski, Adriaan, López González, Maria J., Martins, C.J.A.P., Micela, Giusi, Montes, D., Pallé, Enric, Pedraz, S., Rodríguez Martínez, Eloy, Rodríguez-López, Cristina, Tal-Or, L., Sousa, S. G., and Udry, Stephane

Abstract

We report the discovery and characterisation of two Earth-mass planets orbiting in the habitable zone of the nearby M-dwarf GJ 1002 based on the analysis of the radial-velocity (RV) time series from the ESPRESSO and CARMENES spectrographs. The host star is the quiet M5.5 V star GJ 1002 (relatively faint in the optical, V ~ 13.8 mag, but brighter in the infrared, J ~ 8.3 mag), located at 4.84 pc from the Sun. We analyse 139 spectroscopic observations taken between 2017 and 2021. We performed a joint analysis of the time series of the RV and full-width half maximum (FWHM) of the cross-correlation function (CCF) to model the planetary and stellar signals present in the data, applying Gaussian process regression to deal with the stellar activity. We detect the signal of two planets orbiting GJ 1002. GJ 1002 b is a planet with a minimum mass mp sin i of 1.08 ± 0.13 M⊕ with an orbital period of 10.3465 ± 0.0027 days at a distance of 0.0457 ± 0.0013 au from its parent star, receiving an estimated stellar flux of 0.67 F⊕. GJ 1002 c is a planet with a minimum mass mp sin i of 1.36 ± 0.17 M⊕ with an orbital period of 20.202 ± 0.013 days at a distance of 0.0738 ± 0.0021 au from its parent star, receiving an estimated stellar flux of 0.257 F⊕. We also detect the rotation signature of the star, with a period of 126 ± 15 days. We find that there is a correlation between the temperature of certain optical elements in the spectrographs and changes in the instrumental profile that can affect the scientific data, showing a seasonal behaviour that creates spurious signals at periods longer than ~200 days. GJ 1002 is one of the few known nearby systems with planets that could potentially host habitable environments. The closeness of the host star to the Sun makes the angular sizes of the orbits of both planets (~9.7 mas and ~15.7 mas, respectively) large enough for their atmosphere to be studied via high-contrast high-resolution spectroscopy with instruments such as the future spectrog

Published
2023

104. A full transit of v2 Lupi d and the search for an exomoon in its Hill sphere with CHEOP

Author

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), European Space Agency, European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Ehrenreich, David, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Barrado y Navascués, David, Ribas, Ignasi, Walton, N. A., National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), European Space Agency, European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Ehrenreich, David, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Barrado y Navascués, David, Ribas, Ignasi, and Walton, N. A.

Abstract

The planetary system around the naked-eye star v2 Lupi (HD 136352; TOI-2011) is composed of three exoplanets with masses of 4.7, 11.2, and 8.6 Earth masses (M⊕). The TESS and CHEOPS missions revealed that all three planets are transiting and have radii straddling the radius gap separating volatile-rich and volatile-poor super-earths. Only a partial transit of planet d had been covered so we re-observed an inferior conjunction of the long-period 8.6 M⊕ exoplanet v2 Lup d with the CHEOPS space telescope. We confirmed its transiting nature by covering its whole 9.1 h transit for the first time. We refined the planet transit ephemeris to P = 107.1361−0.0022+0.0019 days and Tc = 2459009.7759−0.0096+0.0101 BJDTDB, improving by ~40 times on the previously reported transit timing uncertainty. This refined ephemeris will enable further follow-up of this outstanding long-period transiting planet to search for atmospheric signatures or explore the planet’s Hill sphere in search for an exomoon. In fact, the CHEOPS observations also cover the transit of a large fraction of the planet’s Hill sphere, which is as large as the Earth’s, opening the tantalising possibility of catching transiting exomoons. We conducted a search for exomoon signals in this single-epoch light curve but found no conclusive photometric signature of additional transiting bodies larger than Mars. Yet, only a sustained follow-up of v2 Lup d transits will warrant a comprehensive search for a moon around this outstanding exoplanet.

Published
2023

105. Transiting Exoplanet Studies and Community Targets for JWST ʼs Early Release Science Program

Author

Stevenson, Kevin B., Lewis, Nikole K., Bean, Jacob L., Beichman, Charles, Fraine, Jonathan, Kilpatrick, Brian M., Krick, J. E., Lothringer, Joshua D., Mandell, Avi M., Valenti, Jeff A., Agol, Eric, Angerhausen, Daniel, Barstow, Joanna K., Birkmann, Stephan M., Burrows, Adam, Charbonneau, David, Cowan, Nicolas B., Crouzet, Nicolas, Cubillos, Patricio E., Curry, S. M., Dalba, Paul A., de Wit, Julien, Deming, Drake, Désert, Jean-Michel, Doyon, René, Dragomir, Diana, Ehrenreich, David, Fortney, Jonathan J., Muñoz, Antonio García, Gibson, Neale P., Gizis, John E., Greene, Thomas P., Harrington, Joseph, Heng, Kevin, Kataria, Tiffany, Kempton, Eliza M.-R., Knutson, Heather, Kreidberg, Laura, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Line, Michael R., Lopez-Morales, Mercedes, Madhusudhan, Nikku, Morley, Caroline V., Rocchetto, Marco, Schlawin, Everett, Shkolnik, Evgenya L., Shporer, Avi, Sing, David K., Todorov, Kamen O., Tucker, Gregory S., and Wakeford, Hannah R.

Published
2016

108. TOI-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf

Author

Hawthorn, Faith, primary, Bayliss, Daniel, additional, Wilson, Thomas G, additional, Bonfanti, Andrea, additional, Adibekyan, Vardan, additional, Alibert, Yann, additional, Sousa, Sérgio G, additional, Collins, Karen A, additional, Bryant, Edward M, additional, Osborn, Ares, additional, Armstrong, David J, additional, Abe, Lyu, additional, Acton, Jack S, additional, Addison, Brett C, additional, Agabi, Karim, additional, Alonso, Roi, additional, Alves, Douglas R, additional, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, additional, Bárczy, Tamas, additional, Barclay, Thomas, additional, Barrado, David, additional, Barros, Susana C C, additional, Baumjohann, Wolfgang, additional, Bendjoya, Philippe, additional, Benz, Willy, additional, Bieryla, Allyson, additional, Bonfils, Xavier, additional, Bouchy, François, additional, Brandeker, Alexis, additional, Broeg, Christopher, additional, Brown, David J A, additional, Burleigh, Matthew R, additional, Buttu, Marco, additional, Cabrera, Juan, additional, Caldwell, Douglas A, additional, Casewell, Sarah L, additional, Charbonneau, David, additional, Charnoz, Sébastian, additional, Cloutier, Ryan, additional, Cameron, Andrew Collier, additional, Collins, Kevin I, additional, Conti, Dennis M, additional, Crouzet, Nicolas, additional, Czismadia, Szilárd, additional, Davies, Melvyn B, additional, Deleuil, Magali, additional, Delgado-Mena, Elisa, additional, Delrez, Laetitia, additional, Demangeon, Olivier D S, additional, Demory, Brice-Olivier, additional, Dransfield, Georgina, additional, Dumusque, Xavier, additional, Egger, Jo Ann, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Eigmüller, Philipp, additional, Erickson, Anders, additional, Essack, Zahra, additional, Fortier, Andrea, additional, Fossati, Luca, additional, Fridlund, Malcolm, additional, Günther, Maximilian N, additional, Güdel, Manuel, additional, Gandolfi, Davide, additional, Gillard, Harvey, additional, Gillon, Michaël, additional, Gnilka, Crystal, additional, Goad, Michael R, additional, Goeke, Robert F, additional, Guillot, Tristan, additional, Hadjigeorghiou, Andreas, additional, Hellier, Coel, additional, Henderson, Beth A, additional, Heng, Kevin, additional, Hooton, Matthew J, additional, Horne, Keith, additional, Howell, Steve B, additional, Hoyer, Sergio, additional, Irwin, Jonathan M, additional, Jenkins, James S, additional, Jenkins, Jon M, additional, Jensen, Eric L N, additional, Kane, Stephen R, additional, Kendall, Alicia, additional, Kielkopf, John F, additional, Kiss, Laszlo L, additional, Lacedelli, Gaia, additional, Laskar, Jacques, additional, Latham, David W, additional, Etangs, Alain Lecavalier des, additional, Leleu, Adrien, additional, Lendl, Monika, additional, Lillo-Box, Jorge, additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Mékarnia, Djamel, additional, Massey, Bob, additional, Masters, Tamzin, additional, Maxted, Pierre F L, additional, Nascimbeni, Valerio, additional, Nielsen, Louise D, additional, O’Brien, Sean M, additional, Olofsson, Göran, additional, Osborn, Hugh P, additional, Pagano, Isabella, additional, Pallé, Enric, additional, Persson, Carina M, additional, Piotto, Giampaolo, additional, Plavchan, Peter, additional, Pollacco, Don, additional, Queloz, Didier, additional, Ragazzoni, Roberto, additional, Rauer, Heike, additional, Ribas, Ignasi, additional, Ricker, George, additional, Ségransan, Damien, additional, Salmon, Sébastien, additional, Santerne, Alexandre, additional, Santos, Nuno C, additional, Scandariato, Gaetano, additional, Schmider, François-Xavier, additional, Schwarz, Richard P, additional, Seager, Sara, additional, Shporer, Avi, additional, Simon, Attila E, additional, Smith, Alexis M S, additional, Srdoc, Gregor, additional, Steller, Manfred, additional, Suarez, Olga, additional, Szabó, Gyula M, additional, Teske, Johanna, additional, Thomas, Nicolas, additional, Tilbrook, Rosanna H, additional, Triaud, Amaury H M J, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, Van Grootel, Valérie, additional, Walton, Nicholas, additional, Wang, Sharon X, additional, Wheatley, Peter J, additional, Winn, Joshua N, additional, Wittenmyer, Robert A, additional, and Zhang, Hui, additional

Published
2023
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109. A full transit of v2 Lupi d and the search for an exomoon in its Hill sphere with CHEOPS

Author

Ehrenreich, David, Delrez, Laetitia, Akinsanmi, Babatunde, Wilson, Thomas G., Bonfanti, Andrea, Beck, Mathias, Benz, Willy, Hoyer, Sergio, Queloz, Didier, Alibert, Yann, Charnoz, Sébastien, Collier Cameron, Andrew, Deline, Adrien, Hooton, Matthew, Lendl, Monika, Olofsson, Göran, Sousa, Sérgio G., Adibekyan, Vardan, Alonso, Roi, and Anglada, Guillem

Subjects
planets and satellites: detection, planets and satellites: general, planets and satellites: individual: HD 136352, detection, planets and satellites: general [planets and satellites]
Abstract

The planetary system around the naked-eye star v2 Lupi (HD 136352; TOI-2011) is composed of three exoplanets with masses of 4.7, 11.2, and 8.6 Earth masses (M⊕). The TESS and CHEOPS missions revealed that all three planets are transiting and have radii straddling the radius gap separating volatile-rich and volatile-poor super-earths. Only a partial transit of planet d had been covered so we re-observed an inferior conjunction of the long-period 8.6 M⊕ exoplanet v2 Lup d with the CHEOPS space telescope. We confirmed its transiting nature by covering its whole 9.1 h transit for the first time. We refined the planet transit ephemeris to P = 107.13610.0022+0.0019 days and Tc = 2459009.77590.0096+0.0101 BJDTDB, improving by ~40 times on the previously reported transit timing uncertainty. This refined ephemeris will enable further follow-up of this outstanding long-period transiting planet to search for atmospheric signatures or explore the planet s Hill sphere in search for an exomoon. In fact, the CHEOPS observations also cover the transit of a large fraction of the planet s Hill sphere, which is as large as the Earth s, opening the tantalising possibility of catching transiting exomoons. We conducted a search for exomoon signals in this single-epoch light curve but found no conclusive photometric signature of additional transiting bodies larger than Mars. Yet, only a sustained follow-up of v2 Lup d transits will warrant a comprehensive search for a moon around this outstanding exoplanet., Astronomy & Astrophysics, 671, ISSN:0004-6361, ISSN:1432-0746

Published
2023
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110. Observations of Transiting Exoplanets with the James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST )

Author

Beichman, Charles, Benneke, Bjoern, Knutson, Heather, Smith, Roger, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Dressing, Courtney, Latham, David, Lunine, Jonathan, Birkmann, Stephan, Ferruit, Pierre, Giardino, Giovanna, Kempton, Eliza, Carey, Sean, Krick, Jessica, Deroo, Pieter D., Mandell, Avi, Ressler, Michael E., Shporer, Avi, Swain, Mark, Vasisht, Gautam, Ricker, George, Bouwman, Jeroen, Crossfield, Ian, Greene, Tom, Howell, Steve, Christiansen, Jessie, Ciardi, David, Clampin, Mark, Greenhouse, Matt, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Goudfrooij, Paul, Hines, Dean, Keyes, Tony, Lee, Janice, McCullough, Peter, Robberto, Massimo, Stansberry, John, Valenti, Jeff, Rieke, Marcia, Rieke, George, Fortney, Jonathan, Bean, Jacob, Kreidberg, Laura, Ehrenreich, David, Deming, Drake, Albert, Loïc, Doyon, René, and Sing, David

Published
2014
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111. The stable climate of KELT-9b

Author

Jones, Kathryn, Morris, Brett M., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Heng, Kevin, Hooton, Matthew J., Billot, Nicolas, Ehrenreich, David, Hoyer, Sergio, Simon, Attila E., Lendl, Monika, Demangeon, Oliver D.S., Sousa, Sérgio G., Bonfanti, Andrea, Wilson, Thomas G., Salmon, Sébastien, Csizmadia, Szilárd, Parviainen, Hannu, Bruno, Giovanni, Alibert, Yann, Alonso, Roi, and Queloz, Didier

Subjects
planets and satellites: atmospheres, techniques: photometric, instrumentation: photometers, occultations, photometric, planets and satellites: gaseous planets, eclipses, occultations [techniques]
Abstract

Even among the most irradiated gas giants, so-called ultra-hot Jupiters, KELT-9b stands out as the hottest planet thus far discovered with a dayside temperature of over 4500 K. At these extreme irradiation levels, we expect an increase in heat redistribution efficiency and a low Bond albedo owed to an extended atmosphere with molecular hydrogen dissociation occurring on the planetary dayside. We present new photometric observations of the KELT-9 system throughout 4 full orbits and 9 eparate occultations obtained by the 30 cm space telescope CHEOPS. The CHEOPS bandpass, located at optical wavelengths, captures the peak of the thermal emission spectrum of KELT-9b. In this work we simultaneously analyse CHEOPS phase curves along with public phase curves from TESS and Spitzer to infer joint constraints on the phase curve variation, gravity-darkened transits, and occultation depth in three bandpasses, as well as derive 2D temperature maps of the atmosphere at three different depths. We find a day-night heat redistribution efficiency of ∼0.3 which confirms expectations of enhanced energy transfer to the planetary nightside due to dissociation and ecombination of molecular hydrogen. We also calculate a Bond albedo consistent with zero. We find no evidence of variability of the brightness temperature of the planet, excluding variability greater than 1% (1σ)., Astronomy & Astrophysics, 666, ISSN:0004-6361, ISSN:1432-0746

Published
2022

116. The atmosphere and architecture of WASP-189 b probed by its CHEOPS phase curve

Author

Deline, Adrien, Hooton, Matthew J., Lendl, Monika, Morris, Brett, Salmon, Sébastien, Olofsson, Göran, Broeg, Christopher, Ehrenreich, David, Beck, Mathias, Brandeker, Alexis, Hoyer, Sergio, Sulis, Sophia, van Grootel, Valérie, Bourrier, Vincent, Demangeon, Olivier, Demory, Brice-Olivier, Heng, Kevin, Parviainen, Hannu, Serrano, Luisa Maria, Singh, Vikash, and Queloz, Didier

Subjects
planets and satellites: atmospheres, techniques: photometric, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, planets and satellites: individual: WASP-189 b, photometric, planets and satellites: individual: WASP-189 b [techniques], Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. Gas giants orbiting close to hot and massive early-type stars can reach dayside temperatures that are comparable to those of the coldest stars. These ‘ultra-hot Jupiters’ have atmospheres made of ions and atomic species from molecular dissociation and feature strong day-to-night temperature gradients. Photometric observations at different orbital phases provide insights on the planet’s atmospheric properties. Aims. We aim to analyse the photometric observations of WASP-189 acquired with the Characterising Exoplanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to derive constraints on the system architecture and the planetary atmosphere. Methods. We implemented a light-curve model suited for an asymmetric transit shape caused by the gravity-darkened photosphere of the fast-rotating host star. We also modelled the reflective and thermal components of the planetary flux, the effect of stellar oblateness and light-travel time on transit-eclipse timings, the stellar activity, and CHEOPS systematics. Results. From the asymmetric transit, we measure the size of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189 b, Rp = 1.600−0.016+0.017 RJ, with a precision of 1%, and the true orbital obliquity of the planetary system, Ψp = 89.6 ± 1.2deg (polar orbit). We detect no significant hotspot offset from the phase curve and obtain an eclipse depth of δecl = 96.5−5.0+4.5 ppm, from which we derive an upper limit on the geometric albedo: Ag < 0.48. We also find that the eclipse depth can only be explained by thermal emission alone in the case of extremely inefficient energy redistribution. Finally, we attribute the photometric variability to the stellar rotation, either through superficial inhomogeneities or resonance couplings between the convective core and the radiative envelope. Conclusions. Based on the derived system architecture, we predict the eclipse depth in the upcoming Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations to be up to ~165 ppm. High-precision detection of the eclipse in both CHEOPS and TESS passbands might help disentangle reflective and thermal contributions. We also expect the right ascension of the ascending node of the orbit to precess due to the perturbations induced by the stellar quadrupole moment J2 (oblateness)., Astronomy & Astrophysics, 659, ISSN:0004-6361, ISSN:1432-0746

Published
2022

117. Atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared : biosignatures, habitability, and diversity

Author

Quanz, Sascha P., Absil, Olivier, Benz, Willy, Bonfils, Xavier, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Defrère, Denis, van Dishoeck, Ewine, Ehrenreich, David, Fortney, Jonathan, Glauser, Adrian, Grenfell, John Lee, Janson, Markus, Kraus, Stefan, Krause, Oliver, Labadie, Lucas, Lacour, Sylvestre, Line, Michael, Linz, Hendrik, Loicq, Jérôme, Miguel, Yamila, Pallé, Enric, Queloz, Didier, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi, Rugheimer, Sarah, Selsis, Franck, Snellen, Ignas, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Udry, Stephane, Wyatt, Mark, Quanz, Sascha P., Absil, Olivier, Benz, Willy, Bonfils, Xavier, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Defrère, Denis, van Dishoeck, Ewine, Ehrenreich, David, Fortney, Jonathan, Glauser, Adrian, Grenfell, John Lee, Janson, Markus, Kraus, Stefan, Krause, Oliver, Labadie, Lucas, Lacour, Sylvestre, Line, Michael, Linz, Hendrik, Loicq, Jérôme, Miguel, Yamila, Pallé, Enric, Queloz, Didier, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi, Rugheimer, Sarah, Selsis, Franck, Snellen, Ignas, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Udry, Stephane, and Wyatt, Mark

Abstract

Exoplanet science is one of the most thriving fields of modern astrophysics. A major goal is the atmospheric characterization of dozens of small, terrestrial exoplanets in order to search for signatures in their atmospheres that indicate biological activity, assess their ability to provide conditions for life as we know it, and investigate their expected atmospheric diversity. None of the currently adopted projects or missions, from ground or in space, can address these goals. In this White Paper, submitted to ESA in response to the Voyage 2050 Call, we argue that a large space-based mission designed to detect and investigate thermal emission spectra of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared wavelength range provides unique scientific potential to address these goals and surpasses the capabilities of other approaches. While NASA might be focusing on large missions that aim to detect terrestrial planets in reflected light, ESA has the opportunity to take leadership and spearhead the development of a large mid-infrared exoplanet mission within the scope of the “Voyage 2050” long-term plan establishing Europe at the forefront of exoplanet science for decades to come. Given the ambitious science goals of such a mission, additional international partners might be interested in participating and contributing to a roadmap that, in the long run, leads to a successful implementation. A new, dedicated development program funded by ESA to help reduce development and implementation cost and further push some of the required key technologies would be a first important step in this direction. Ultimately, a large mid-infrared exoplanet imaging mission will be needed to help answer one of humankind’s most fundamental questions: “How unique is our Earth?”

Published
2022
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118. Atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared: biosignatures, habitability, and diversity

Author

ETH Zurich, Swiss National Science Foundation, Quanz, Sascha P., Absil, Olivier, Benz, Willy, Bonfils, Xavier, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Defrère, Denis, Dishoeck, Ewine van, Ehrenreich, David, Fortney, Jonathan J., Glauser, Adrian M., Linz, Hendrik, Loicq, Jerôme, Pallé, Enric, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi, Selsis, Franck, Snellen, Ignas A. G., Sozzetti, Alessandro, Udry, Stephane, Wyatt, Mark, ETH Zurich, Swiss National Science Foundation, Quanz, Sascha P., Absil, Olivier, Benz, Willy, Bonfils, Xavier, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Defrère, Denis, Dishoeck, Ewine van, Ehrenreich, David, Fortney, Jonathan J., Glauser, Adrian M., Linz, Hendrik, Loicq, Jerôme, Pallé, Enric, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi, Selsis, Franck, Snellen, Ignas A. G., Sozzetti, Alessandro, Udry, Stephane, and Wyatt, Mark

Abstract

Exoplanet science is one of the most thriving fields of modern astrophysics. A major goal is the atmospheric characterization of dozens of small, terrestrial exoplanets in order to search for signatures in their atmospheres that indicate biological activity, assess their ability to provide conditions for life as we know it, and investigate their expected atmospheric diversity. None of the currently adopted projects or missions, from ground or in space, can address these goals. In this White Paper, submitted to ESA in response to the Voyage 2050 Call, we argue that a large space-based mission designed to detect and investigate thermal emission spectra of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared wavelength range provides unique scientific potential to address these goals and surpasses the capabilities of other approaches. While NASA might be focusing on large missions that aim to detect terrestrial planets in reflected light, ESA has the opportunity to take leadership and spearhead the development of a large mid-infrared exoplanet mission within the scope of the “Voyage 2050” long-term plan establishing Europe at the forefront of exoplanet science for decades to come. Given the ambitious science goals of such a mission, additional international partners might be interested in participating and contributing to a roadmap that, in the long run, leads to a successful implementation. A new, dedicated development program funded by ESA to help reduce development and implementation cost and further push some of the required key technologies would be a first important step in this direction. Ultimately, a large mid-infrared exoplanet imaging mission will be needed to help answer one of humankind’s most fundamental questions: “How unique is our Earth?”

Published
2022

120. ESPRESSO Probes the Fine-structure Constant

Author

Murphy, Michael T., Molaro, Paolo, Schmidt, Tobias M., Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Da Fonseca, Vitor, Milaković, Dinko, Cupani, Guido, Cristiani, Stefano, D’Odorico, Valentina, Barreiro, Tiago, Génova Santos, Ricardo, Leite, Ana C. O., Marques, Catarina M. J., Nunes, Nelson J., Pepe, Francesco A., Rebolo, Rafael, Santos, Nuno C., Sousa, Sérgio G., Zapatero Osorio, Maria-Rosa, Amate, Manuel, Adibekyan, Vardan, Alibert, Yann, Allende Prieto, Carlos, Baldini, Veronica, Benz, Willy, Bouchy, François, Cabral, Alexandre, Dekker, Hans, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Ehrenreich, David, Figueira, Pedro, González Hernández, Jonay I., Landoni, Marco, Lovis, Christophe, Lo Curto, Gaspare, Manescau, Antonio, Mégevand, Denis, Mehner, Andrea, Micela, Giuseppina, Pasquini, Luca, Poretti, Ennio, Riva, Marco, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Suárez Mascareño, Alejandro, Udry, Stéphane, and Zerbi, Filippo

Abstract

The Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO) is the new high-resolution spectrograph of ESO’s Very Large Telescope. It was designed for ultra-high radial-velocity precision and extreme spectral fidelity with the aim of performing exoplanet research and fundamental astrophysical experiments with unprecedented precision and accuracy. The first precise ESPRESSO constraint on cosmological variations in the fine-structure constant has been obtained recently by using the laser frequency comb to provide a highly accurate wavelength scale. The target was the famous quasar HE 0515-4414, one of the brightest in the southern sky, with an intervening galaxy at z = 1.15 which imprints metal absorption lines onto the spectrum. The lack of velocity shifts between these lines is consistent with the absence of cosmological variation in the fine-structure constant at the level of about 1 part per million., Published in The Messenger vol. 188, pp. 15-19, September 2022.

Published
2022
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121. TOI-178: a window into the formation and evolution of planetary systems

Author

Hooton, Matthew J., Fisher, Chloe, Alibert, Yann, Hara, Nathan, Heng, Kevin, Leleu, Adrien, Palle, Enric, Wilson, Thomas G., Adibekyan, Vardan, Allart, Romain, Barros, Susana C. C., Billot, Nicolas, Boué, Gwenaël, Bourrier, Vincent, Brandeker, Alexis, Bruno, Giovanni, Correia, Alexandre C. M., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Ehrenreich, David, Espinoza, Néstor, Fossati, Luca, Fridlund, Malcolm, Haldemann, Jonas, Hoyer, Sergio, Kitzmann, Daniel, Lavie, Baptiste, Lendl, Monika, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Morris, Brett, Osborn, Hugh, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Persson, Carina, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Allende-Prieto, Carlos, Santos, Nuno, Schneider, Jean, Sozzetti, Alessandro, and Beaussier, Catherine

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

Laplacian resonant chains — where astronomical bodies are in mean motion resonance with two or more other bodies — are rare phenomena observed in systems such as the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets and the Galilean moons of Jupiter. Laplacian chains are an important tool to study the history of planetary systems occupying this configuration, as the fragility of the chain significantly constrains the possible pathways through which the planets can form and evolve. Whilst initial TESS observations suggested that TOI-178 — a nearby system of exoplanets orbiting a relatively cool K-dwarf — hosted the first known planets occupying a horseshoe-coorbital configuration, follow-up observations by CHEOPS, NGTS and SPECULOOS revealed a compact system of six transiting exoplanets all smaller than Neptune: five of which form a chain of Laplacian resonance. Precise measurements of the host's radial velocity using the ESPRESSO spectrograph revealed uncommon planet-to-planet density variations: a stark departure from the monotonic decrease in density with orbital separation common to most systems. JWST time awarded in Cycle 1 to acquire transmission spectroscopy of planets b, d and g promises to make the evolution of the TOI-178 planets amongst the best-understood of any planetary system for the foreseeable future.

Published
2022

123. Fundamental physics with ESPRESSO: Precise limit on variations in the fine-structure constant towards the bright quasar HE 0515−4414

Author

Murphy, Michael T., primary, Molaro, Paolo, additional, Leite, Ana C. O., additional, Cupani, Guido, additional, Cristiani, Stefano, additional, D’Odorico, Valentina, additional, Génova Santos, Ricardo, additional, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., additional, Milaković, Dinko, additional, Nunes, Nelson J., additional, Schmidt, Tobias M., additional, Pepe, Francesco A., additional, Rebolo, Rafael, additional, Santos, Nuno C., additional, Sousa, Sérgio G., additional, Zapatero Osorio, Maria-Rosa, additional, Amate, Manuel, additional, Adibekyan, Vardan, additional, Alibert, Yann, additional, Prieto, Carlos Allende, additional, Baldini, Veronica, additional, Benz, Willy, additional, Bouchy, François, additional, Cabral, Alexandre, additional, Dekker, Hans, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Figueira, Pedro, additional, González Hernández, Jonay I., additional, Landoni, Marco, additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Curto, Gaspare Lo, additional, Manescau, Antonio, additional, Mégevand, Denis, additional, Mehner, Andrea, additional, Micela, Giuseppina, additional, Pasquini, Luca, additional, Poretti, Ennio, additional, Riva, Marco, additional, Sozzetti, Alessandro, additional, Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, and Zerbi, Filippo, additional

Published
2022
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124. Detection of Ongoing Mass Loss from HD 63433c, a Young Mini-Neptune

Author

Zhang, Michael, primary, Knutson, Heather A., additional, Wang, Lile, additional, Dai, Fei, additional, dos Santos, Leonardo A., additional, Fossati, Luca, additional, Henry, Gregory W., additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Alibert, Yann, additional, Hoyer, Sergio, additional, Wilson, Thomas G., additional, and Bonfanti, Andrea, additional

Published
2022
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125. A pair of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 characterized with CHEOPS

Author

Wilson, Thomas G, primary, Goffo, Elisa, additional, Alibert, Yann, additional, Gandolfi, Davide, additional, Bonfanti, Andrea, additional, Persson, Carina M, additional, Collier Cameron, Andrew, additional, Fridlund, Malcolm, additional, Fossati, Luca, additional, Korth, Judith, additional, Benz, Willy, additional, Deline, Adrien, additional, Florén, Hans-Gustav, additional, Guterman, Pascal, additional, Adibekyan, Vardan, additional, Hooton, Matthew J, additional, Hoyer, Sergio, additional, Leleu, Adrien, additional, Mustill, Alexander James, additional, Salmon, Sébastien, additional, Sousa, Sérgio G, additional, Suarez, Olga, additional, Abe, Lyu, additional, Agabi, Abdelkrim, additional, Alonso, Roi, additional, Anglada, Guillem, additional, Asquier, Joel, additional, Bárczy, Tamas, additional, Barrado Navascues, David, additional, Barros, Susana C C, additional, Baumjohann, Wolfgang, additional, Beck, Mathias, additional, Beck, Thomas, additional, Billot, Nicolas, additional, Bonfils, Xavier, additional, Brandeker, Alexis, additional, Broeg, Christopher, additional, Bryant, Edward M, additional, Burleigh, Matthew R, additional, Buttu, Marco, additional, Cabrera, Juan, additional, Charnoz, Sébastien, additional, Ciardi, David R, additional, Cloutier, Ryan, additional, Cochran, William D, additional, Collins, Karen A, additional, Colón, Knicole D, additional, Crouzet, Nicolas, additional, Csizmadia, Szilard, additional, Davies, Melvyn B, additional, Deleuil, Magali, additional, Delrez, Laetitia, additional, Demangeon, Olivier, additional, Demory, Brice-Olivier, additional, Dragomir, Diana, additional, Dransfield, Georgina, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Erikson, Anders, additional, Fortier, Andrea, additional, Gan, Tianjun, additional, Gill, Samuel, additional, Gillon, Michaël, additional, Gnilka, Crystal L, additional, Grieves, Nolan, additional, Grziwa, Sascha, additional, Güdel, Manuel, additional, Guillot, Tristan, additional, Haldemann, Jonas, additional, Heng, Kevin, additional, Horne, Keith, additional, Howell, Steve B, additional, Isaak, Kate G, additional, Jenkins, Jon M, additional, Jensen, Eric L N, additional, Kiss, Laszlo, additional, Lacedelli, Gaia, additional, Lam, Kristine, additional, Laskar, Jacques, additional, Latham, David W, additional, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, additional, Lendl, Monika, additional, Lester, Kathryn V, additional, Levine, Alan M, additional, Livingston, John, additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Luque, Rafael, additional, Magrin, Demetrio, additional, Marie-Sainte, Wenceslas, additional, Maxted, Pierre F L, additional, Mayo, Andrew W, additional, McLean, Brian, additional, Mecina, Marko, additional, Mékarnia, Djamel, additional, Nascimbeni, Valerio, additional, Nielsen, Louise D, additional, Olofsson, Göran, additional, Osborn, Hugh P, additional, Osborne, Hannah L M, additional, Ottensamer, Roland, additional, Pagano, Isabella, additional, Pallé, Enric, additional, Peter, Gisbert, additional, Piotto, Giampaolo, additional, Pollacco, Don, additional, Queloz, Didier, additional, Ragazzoni, Roberto, additional, Rando, Nicola, additional, Rauer, Heike, additional, Redfield, Seth, additional, Ribas, Ignasi, additional, Ricker, George R, additional, Rieder, Martin, additional, Santos, Nuno C, additional, Scandariato, Gaetano, additional, Schmider, François-Xavier, additional, Schwarz, Richard P, additional, Scott, Nicholas J, additional, Seager, Sara, additional, Ségransan, Damien, additional, Serrano, Luisa Maria, additional, Simon, Attila E, additional, Smith, Alexis M S, additional, Steller, Manfred, additional, Stockdale, Chris, additional, Szabó, Gyula, additional, Thomas, Nicolas, additional, Ting, Eric B, additional, Triaud, Amaury H M J, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, Van Eylen, Vincent, additional, Van Grootel, Valérie, additional, Vanderspek, Roland K, additional, Viotto, Valentina, additional, Walton, Nicholas, additional, and Winn, Joshua N, additional

Published
2022
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126. Atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared: biosignatures, habitability, and diversity

Author

Albrecht, Simon, Anglada-Escude, Guillem, Baraffe, Isabelle, Baudoz, Pierre, Beuzit, Jean-Luc, Biller, Beth, Birkby, Jayne, Boccaletti, Anthony, Van Boekel, Roy, de Boer, Jos, Buchhave, Lars, Carone, Ludmila, Claire, Mark, Claudi, Riccardo, Demory, Brice-Olivier, Desert, Jean-Michel, Desidera, Silvano, Gratton, Raffaele, Gillon, Michael, Guyon, Olivier, Henning, Thomas, Hinkley, Sasha, Huby, Elsa, Helling, Christiane, Heng, Kevin, Kasper, Markus, Keller, Christoph, Kenworthy, Matthew, Kreidberg, Laura, Madhusudhan, Nikku, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Launhardt, Ralf, Lenton, Tim, Lopez-Puertas, Manuel, Maire, Anne-Lise, Mayne, Nathan, Meadows, Victoria, Micela, Giuseppina, Milli, Julien, Min, Michiel, de Mooij, Ernst, Mouillet, David, D'Orazi, Valentina, Pagano, Isabella, Piotto, Giampaolo, Ruane, Garreth, Snik, Frans, Stam, Daphne, Stark, Christopher, Vigan, Arthur, de Visser, Pieter, Quanz, Sascha P., Absil, Olivier, Angerhausen, Daniel, Benz, Willy, Bonfils, Xavier, Berger, Jean-Philippe, Brogi, Matteo, Cabrera, Juan, Danchi, William C., Defrère, Denis, Van Dishoeck, Ewine, Ehrenreich, David, Ertel, Steve, Fortney, Jonathan, Gaudi, Scott, Girard, Julien, Glauser, Adrian, Grenfell, John Lee, Ireland, Michael, Janson, Markus, Kammerer, Jens, Kitzmann, Daniel, Kraus, Stefan, Krause, Oliver, Labadie, Lucas, Lacour, Sylvestre, Lichtenberg, Tim, Line, Michael, Linz, Hendrik, Loicq, Jérôme, Mennesson, Bertrand, Meyer, Michael R., Miguel, Yamila, Monnier, John, N'diaye, Mamadou, Palle, Enric, Queloz, Didier, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi, Rugheimer, Sarah, Selsis, Franck, Serabyn, Gene, Snellen, Ignas, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Triaud, Amaury, Udry, Stéphane, Wyatt, Mark, Quanz, Sascha P [0000-0003-3829-7412], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ETH Zurich, Swiss National Science Foundation, and Quanz, SP [0000-0003-3829-7412]

Subjects
Engineering, Habitability, Mid infrared, 010501 environmental sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, White paper, Direct imaging, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Mid-infrared, media_common, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), [PHYS]Physics [physics], STAR, Scope (project management), 520 Astronomy, HOSTS SURVEY, Exoplanet, Characterization (materials science), Extrasolar planets, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space interferometry, exoplanets, Physical Sciences, infrared, biosignatures, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FIBERS, Astronomical and Space Sciences, 530 Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Characterization, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, INTERFEROMETRY, 0103 physical sciences, 14. Life underwater, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, PERFORMANCE, 500 Science, 620 Engineering, SIGNS, Climate Action, Planetary atmospheres, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Terrestrial planet, business, PLANETS, Diversity (politics), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Exoplanet science is one of the most thriving fields of modern astrophysics. A major goal is the atmospheric characterization of dozens of small, terrestrial exoplanets in order to search for signatures in their atmospheres that indicate biological activity, assess their ability to provide conditions for life as we know it, and investigate their expected atmospheric diversity. None of the currently adopted projects or missions, from ground or in space, can address these goals. In this White Paper, submitted to ESA in response to the Voyage 2050 Call, we argue that a large space-based mission designed to detect and investigate thermal emission spectra of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared wavelength range provides unique scientific potential to address these goals and surpasses the capabilities of other approaches. While NASA might be focusing on large missions that aim to detect terrestrial planets in reflected light, ESA has the opportunity to take leadership and spearhead the development of a large mid-infrared exoplanet mission within the scope of the “Voyage 2050” long-term plan establishing Europe at the forefront of exoplanet science for decades to come. Given the ambitious science goals of such a mission, additional international partners might be interested in participating and contributing to a roadmap that, in the long run, leads to a successful implementation. A new, dedicated development program funded by ESA to help reduce development and implementation cost and further push some of the required key technologies would be a first important step in this direction. Ultimately, a large mid-infrared exoplanet imaging mission will be needed to help answer one of humankind’s most fundamental questions: “How unique is our Earth?”, Experimental Astronomy, 54 (2-3), ISSN:0922-6435, ISSN:1572-9508

Published
2021
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127. Characterizing Exoplanetary Atmospheres at High Resolution with SPIRou: Detection of Water on HD 189733 b

Author

Boucher, Anne, primary, Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, additional, Pelletier, Stefan, additional, Lafrenière, David, additional, Artigau, Étienne, additional, Cook, Neil J., additional, Allart, Romain, additional, Radica, Michael, additional, Doyon, René, additional, Benneke, Björn, additional, Arnold, Luc, additional, Bonfils, Xavier, additional, Bourrier, Vincent, additional, Cloutier, Ryan, additional, Gomes da Silva, João, additional, Deibert, Emily, additional, Delfosse, Xavier, additional, Donati, Jean-François, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Figueira, Pedro, additional, Forveille, Thierry, additional, Fouqué, Pascal, additional, Gagné, Jonathan, additional, Gaidos, Eric, additional, Hébrard, Guillaume, additional, Jayawardhana, Ray, additional, Klein, Baptiste, additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Martins, Jorge H. C., additional, Martioli, Eder, additional, Moutou, Claire, additional, and Santos, Nuno C., additional

Published
2021
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129. Atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared: biosignatures, habitability, and diversity

Author

Quanz, Sascha P., primary, Absil, Olivier, additional, Benz, Willy, additional, Bonfils, Xavier, additional, Berger, Jean-Philippe, additional, Defrère, Denis, additional, van Dishoeck, Ewine, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Fortney, Jonathan, additional, Glauser, Adrian, additional, Grenfell, John Lee, additional, Janson, Markus, additional, Kraus, Stefan, additional, Krause, Oliver, additional, Labadie, Lucas, additional, Lacour, Sylvestre, additional, Line, Michael, additional, Linz, Hendrik, additional, Loicq, Jérôme, additional, Miguel, Yamila, additional, Pallé, Enric, additional, Queloz, Didier, additional, Rauer, Heike, additional, Ribas, Ignasi, additional, Rugheimer, Sarah, additional, Selsis, Franck, additional, Snellen, Ignas, additional, Sozzetti, Alessandro, additional, Stapelfeldt, Karl R., additional, Udry, Stephane, additional, and Wyatt, Mark, additional

Published
2021
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130. Orbital misalignment of the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ 436b with the spin of its cool star

Author

Bourrier, Vincent, Lovis, Christophe, Beust, Herv, Ehrenreich, David, Henry, Gregory W., Astudillo-Defru, Nicola, Allart, Romain, Bonfils, Xavier, Sgransan, Damien, Delfosse, Xavier, Cegla, Heather M., Wyttenbach, Aurlien, Heng, Kevin, Lavie, Baptiste, and Pepe, Francesco

Subjects
Extrasolar planets -- Observations, Stars -- Observations, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Vincent Bourrier (corresponding author) [1]; Christophe Lovis [1]; Herv Beust [2]; David Ehrenreich [1]; Gregory W. Henry [3]; Nicola Astudillo-Defru [1]; Romain Allart [1]; Xavier Bonfils [2]; Damien Sgransan [...]

Published
2018
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131. The Hubble PanCET Program: Transit and Eclipse Spectroscopy of the Strongly Irradiated Giant Exoplanet WASP-76b

Author

Fu, Guangwei, primary, Deming, Drake, additional, Lothringer, Joshua, additional, Nikolov, Nikolay, additional, Sing, David K., additional, Kempton, Eliza M.-R., additional, Ih, Jegug, additional, Evans, Thomas M., additional, Stevenson, Kevin, additional, Wakeford, H. R., additional, Rodriguez, Joseph E., additional, Eastman, Jason D., additional, Stassun, Keivan, additional, Henry, Gregory W., additional, López-Morales, Mercedes, additional, Lendl, Monika, additional, Conti, Dennis M., additional, Stockdale, Chris, additional, Collins, Karen, additional, Kielkopf, John, additional, Barstow, Joanna K., additional, Sanz-Forcada, Jorge, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Bourrier, Vincent, additional, and dos Santos, Leonardo A., additional

Published
2021
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133. Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν2 Lupi d with CHEOPS

Author

Delrez, Laetitia, primary, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Alibert, Yann, additional, Bonfanti, Andrea, additional, Borsato, Luca, additional, Fossati, Luca, additional, Hooton, Matthew J., additional, Hoyer, Sergio, additional, Pozuelos, Francisco J., additional, Salmon, Sébastien, additional, Sulis, Sophia, additional, Wilson, Thomas G., additional, Adibekyan, Vardan, additional, Bourrier, Vincent, additional, Brandeker, Alexis, additional, Charnoz, Sébastien, additional, Deline, Adrien, additional, Guterman, Pascal, additional, Haldemann, Jonas, additional, Hara, Nathan, additional, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, additional, Sousa, Sergio G., additional, Van Grootel, Valérie, additional, Alonso, Roi, additional, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, additional, Bárczy, Tamás, additional, Barrado, David, additional, Barros, Susana C. C., additional, Baumjohann, Wolfgang, additional, Beck, Mathias, additional, Bekkelien, Anja, additional, Benz, Willy, additional, Billot, Nicolas, additional, Bonfils, Xavier, additional, Broeg, Christopher, additional, Cabrera, Juan, additional, Collier Cameron, Andrew, additional, Davies, Melvyn B., additional, Deleuil, Magali, additional, Delisle, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., additional, Demory, Brice-Olivier, additional, Erikson, Anders, additional, Fortier, Andrea, additional, Fridlund, Malcolm, additional, Futyan, David, additional, Gandolfi, Davide, additional, Garcia Muñoz, Antonio, additional, Gillon, Michaël, additional, Guedel, Manuel, additional, Heng, Kevin, additional, Kiss, László, additional, Laskar, Jacques, additional, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, additional, Lendl, Monika, additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Maxted, Pierre F. L., additional, Nascimbeni, Valerio, additional, Olofsson, Göran, additional, Osborn, Hugh P., additional, Pagano, Isabella, additional, Pallé, Enric, additional, Piotto, Giampaolo, additional, Pollacco, Don, additional, Queloz, Didier, additional, Rauer, Heike, additional, Ragazzoni, Roberto, additional, Ribas, Ignasi, additional, Santos, Nuno C., additional, Scandariato, Gaetano, additional, Ségransan, Damien, additional, Simon, Attila E., additional, Smith, Alexis M. S., additional, Steller, Manfred, additional, Szabó, Gyula M., additional, Thomas, Nicolas, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, and Walton, Nicholas A., additional

Published
2021
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134. Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE): I. Improved exoplanet detection yield estimates for a large mid-infrared space-interferometer mission

Author

Quanz, Sascha P., Ottiger, Marcel, Fontanet, E., Kammerer, Jens, Menti, Franziska, Dannert, Felix, Gheorghe, A., Absil, O., Airapetian, Vladimir S., Alei, Eleonora, Allart, Romain, Angerhausen, Daniel, Blumenthal, S., Buchhave, Lars, Cabrera, J., Carrión-González, Óscar, Chauvin, Gaël, Danchi, William C., Dandumont, Colin, Defrère, Denis, Dorn, Caroline, Ehrenreich, David, Ertel, Steve, Fridlund, Malcolm C.V., García Muñoz, Antonio, Gascón, C., Girard, Julien H., Glauser, Adrian, Grenfell, John Lee, Guidi, Greta, Hagelberg, Janis, Helled, Ravit, Ireland, M. J., Kopparapu, Ravi K., Korth, Judith, Kozakis, Thea, Kraus, Stefan, Léger, Alain, Leedjärv, Laurits, Lichtenberg, Tim, Lillo-Box, Jorge, Linz, Hendrik, Liseau, René, Loicq, Jérôme, Mahendra, Vishal, Malbet, Fabien, Mathew, J., Mennesson, Bertrand, Meyer, Michael R., Mishra, Lokesh, Molaverdikhani, K., Noack, Lena, Pallé, Enric, Parviainen, Hannu, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Rauer, Heike, Ribas, Ignasi, Rice, M., Romagnolo, A., Rugheimer, Sarah, Schwieterman, Edward W., Serabyn, Eugene, Sharma, S., Stassun, Keivan G., Szulágyi, Judit, Wang, H. S., Wunderlich, Fabian, and Wyatt, Mark C.

Subjects
interferometric, Infrared: planetary systems, Techniques: high angular resolution, Methods: numerical, Planets and satellites: detection, Planets and satellites: terrestrial planets [Telescopes, Techniques], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

One of the long-term goals of exoplanet science is the atmospheric characterization of dozens of small exoplanets in order to understand their diversity and search for habitable worlds and potential biosignatures. Achieving this goal requires a space mission of sufficient scale. We seek to quantify the exoplanet detection performance of a space-based mid-infrared nulling interferometer that measures the thermal emission of exoplanets. For this, we have developed an instrument simulator that considers all major astrophysical noise sources and coupled it with Monte Carlo simulations of a synthetic exoplanet population around main-sequence stars within 20 pc. This allows us to quantify the number (and types) of exoplanets that our mission concept could detect over a certain time period. Two different scenarios to distribute the observing time among the stellar targets are discussed and different apertures sizes and wavelength ranges are considered. Within a 2.5-year initial search phase, an interferometer consisting of four 2 m apertures covering a wavelength range between 4 and 18.5 μm could detect up to ~550 exoplanets with radii between 0.5 and 6 R⊕ with an integrated SNR≥7. At least ~160 of the detected exoplanets have radii ≤1.5 R⊕. Depending on the observing scenario, ~25-45 rocky exoplanets (objects with radii between 0.5 and 1.5 ⊕) orbiting within the empirical habitable zone (eHZ) of their host stars are among the detections. With four times 3.5 m aperture size, the total number of detections can increase to up to ~770, including ~60-80 rocky, eHZ planets. With four times 1 m aperture size, the maximum detection yield is ~315 exoplanets, including ≤20 rocky, eHZ planets. In terms of predicted detection yield, such a mission can compete with large single-aperture reflected light missions.

Published
2021

135. Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν² Lupi d with CHEOPS

Author

Delrez, Laetitia, Ehrenreich, David, Alibert, Yann, Bonfanti, Andrea, Borsato, Luca, Fossati, Luca, Hooton, Matthew J., Hoyer, Sergio, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Salmon, Sébastien, Sulis, Sophia, Wilson, Thomas G., Adibekyan, Vardan, Bourrier, Vincent, Brandeker, Alexis, Charnoz, Sebastien, Deline, Adrien, Guterman, Pascal, Haldemann, Jonas, Hara, Nathan, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Sousa, Sérgio G., Van Grootel, Valérie, Alonso Sobrino, Roi, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Bárczy, Tamás, Barrado, David, Barros, Susana C.C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Mathias, Bekkelien, Anja, Benz, Willy, Billot, Nicolas, Bonfils, Xavier, Broeg, Christopher, Cabrera Perez, Juan, Collier Cameron, Andrew, Davies, Melvyn. B., Deleuil, Magali, Delisle, Jean-Baptiste, Demangeon, Olivier D.S., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Erikson, Anders, Fortier, Andrea, Fridlund, Malcolm, Futyan, David, Gandolfi, Davide, Garcia Muñoz, Antonio, Gillon, Michael, Guedel, Manuel, Heng, Kevin, Kiss, Laszlo, Laskar, Jacques, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, Lendl, Monika, Lovis, Christophe, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Nascimbeni, Valerio, Olofsson, Göran, Osborn, Hugh P., Pagano, Isabella, Palle, Enric, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Rauer, Heike, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ribas, Ignasi, Santos, Nuno C., Scandariato, Gaetano, Ségransan, Damien, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M S, Steller, Manfred, Szabó, Gyula M., Thomas, Nicolas, Udry, Stephane, and Walton, Nicholas A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Published
2021

136. Atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared: biosignatures, habitability, and diversity

Author

Quanz, Sascha P. (author), Absil, Olivier (author), Benz, Willy (author), Bonfils, Xavier (author), Berger, Jean Philippe (author), Defrère, Denis (author), van Dishoeck, Ewine (author), Ehrenreich, David (author), Loicq, J.J.D. (author), Quanz, Sascha P. (author), Absil, Olivier (author), Benz, Willy (author), Bonfils, Xavier (author), Berger, Jean Philippe (author), Defrère, Denis (author), van Dishoeck, Ewine (author), Ehrenreich, David (author), and Loicq, J.J.D. (author)

Abstract

Exoplanet science is one of the most thriving fields of modern astrophysics. A major goal is the atmospheric characterization of dozens of small, terrestrial exoplanets in order to search for signatures in their atmospheres that indicate biological activity, assess their ability to provide conditions for life as we know it, and investigate their expected atmospheric diversity. None of the currently adopted projects or missions, from ground or in space, can address these goals. In this White Paper, submitted to ESA in response to the Voyage 2050 Call, we argue that a large space-based mission designed to detect and investigate thermal emission spectra of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared wavelength range provides unique scientific potential to address these goals and surpasses the capabilities of other approaches. While NASA might be focusing on large missions that aim to detect terrestrial planets in reflected light, ESA has the opportunity to take leadership and spearhead the development of a large mid-infrared exoplanet mission within the scope of the “Voyage 2050” long-term plan establishing Europe at the forefront of exoplanet science for decades to come. Given the ambitious science goals of such a mission, additional international partners might be interested in participating and contributing to a roadmap that, in the long run, leads to a successful implementation. A new, dedicated development program funded by ESA to help reduce development and implementation cost and further push some of the required key technologies would be a first important step in this direction. Ultimately, a large mid-infrared exoplanet imaging mission will be needed to help answer one of humankind’s most fundamental questions: “How unique is our Earth?”, Space Systems Egineering

Published
2021
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137. Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth nu(2) Lupi d with CHEOPS

Author

Delrez, Laetitia, Ehrenreich, David, Alibert, Yann, Bonfanti, Andrea, Borsato, Luca, Fossati, Luca, Hooton, Matthew J., Hoyer, Sergio, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Salmon, Sébastien, Sulis, Sophia, Wilson, Thomas G., Adibekyan, Vardan, Bourrier, Vincent, Brandeker, Alexis, Charnoz, Sébastien, Deline, Adrien, Guterman, Pascal, Haldemann, Jonas, Hara, Nathan, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Sousa, Sergio G., Van Grootel, Valérie, Alonso, Roi, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Bárczy, Tamás, Barrado, David, Barros, Susana C. C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Mathias, Bekkelien, Anja, Benz, Willy, Billot, Nicolas, Bonfils, Xavier, Broeg, Christopher, Cabrera, Juan, Collier Cameron, Andrew, Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Delisle, Jean-Baptiste, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Erikson, Anders, Fortier, Andrea, Fridlund, Malcolm, Futyan, David, Gandolfi, Davide, Garcia Muñoz, Antonio, Gillon, Michael, Guedel, Manuel, Heng, Kevin, Kiss, László, Laskar, Jacques, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, Lendl, Monika, Lovis, Christophe, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Nascimbeni, Valerio, Olofsson, Göran, Osborn, Hugh P., Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Rauer, Heike, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ribas, Ignasi, Santos, Nuno C., Scandariato, Gaetano, Ségransan, Damien, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M. S., Steller, Manfred, Szabó, Gyula M., Thomas, Nicolas, Udry, Stéphane, Walton, Nicholas A., Delrez, Laetitia, Ehrenreich, David, Alibert, Yann, Bonfanti, Andrea, Borsato, Luca, Fossati, Luca, Hooton, Matthew J., Hoyer, Sergio, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Salmon, Sébastien, Sulis, Sophia, Wilson, Thomas G., Adibekyan, Vardan, Bourrier, Vincent, Brandeker, Alexis, Charnoz, Sébastien, Deline, Adrien, Guterman, Pascal, Haldemann, Jonas, Hara, Nathan, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Sousa, Sergio G., Van Grootel, Valérie, Alonso, Roi, Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Bárczy, Tamás, Barrado, David, Barros, Susana C. C., Baumjohann, Wolfgang, Beck, Mathias, Bekkelien, Anja, Benz, Willy, Billot, Nicolas, Bonfils, Xavier, Broeg, Christopher, Cabrera, Juan, Collier Cameron, Andrew, Davies, Melvyn B., Deleuil, Magali, Delisle, Jean-Baptiste, Demangeon, Olivier D. S., Demory, Brice-Olivier, Erikson, Anders, Fortier, Andrea, Fridlund, Malcolm, Futyan, David, Gandolfi, Davide, Garcia Muñoz, Antonio, Gillon, Michael, Guedel, Manuel, Heng, Kevin, Kiss, László, Laskar, Jacques, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, Lendl, Monika, Lovis, Christophe, Maxted, Pierre F. L., Nascimbeni, Valerio, Olofsson, Göran, Osborn, Hugh P., Pagano, Isabella, Pallé, Enric, Piotto, Giampaolo, Pollacco, Don, Queloz, Didier, Rauer, Heike, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Ribas, Ignasi, Santos, Nuno C., Scandariato, Gaetano, Ségransan, Damien, Simon, Attila E., Smith, Alexis M. S., Steller, Manfred, Szabó, Gyula M., Thomas, Nicolas, Udry, Stéphane, and Walton, Nicholas A.

Abstract

Exoplanets transiting bright nearby stars are key objects for advancing our knowledge of planetary formation and evolution. The wealth of photons from the host star gives detailed access to the atmospheric, interior and orbital properties of the planetary companions. nu(2) Lupi (HD 136352) is a naked-eye (V = 5.78) Sun-like star that was discovered to host three low-mass planets with orbital periods of 11.6, 27.6 and 107.6 d via radial-velocity monitoring(1). The two inner planets (b and c) were recently found to transit(2), prompting a photometric follow-up by the brand new Characterising Exoplanets Satellite (CHEOPS). Here, we report that the outer planet d is also transiting, and measure its radius and mass to be 2.56 +/- 0.09 R-circle plus and 8.82 +/- 0.94 M-circle plus, respectively. With its bright Sun-like star, long period and mild irradiation (similar to 5.7 times the irradiation of Earth), nu(2) Lupi d unlocks a completely new region in the parameter space of exoplanets amenable to detailed characterization. We refine the properties of all three planets: planet b probably has a rocky mostly dry composition, while planets c and d seem to have retained small hydrogen-helium envelopes and a possibly large water fraction. This diversity of planetary compositions makes the nu(2) Lupi system an excellent laboratory for testing formation and evolution models of low-mass planets.

Published
2021
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138. An Ultra-short Period Rocky Super-Earth with a Secondary Eclipse and a Neptune-like Companion around K2-141

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Malavolta, Luca, Mayo, Andrew W., Louden, Tom, Rajpaul, Vinesh M., Bonomo, Aldo S., Crossfield, Ian Jm, Buchhave, Lars A., Kreidberg, Laura, Kristiansen, Martti H., Lopez-Morales, Mercedes, Mortier, Annelies, Vanderburg, Andrew, Coffinet, Adrien, Ehrenreich, David, Lovis, Christophe, Bouchy, Francois, Charbonneau, David, Ciardi, David R., Cameron, Andrew Collier, Cosentino, Rosario, Damasso, Mario, Dressing, Courtney D., Dumusque, Xavier, Everett, Mark E., Figueira, Pedro, Fiorenzano, Aldo F. M., Gonzales, Erica J., Haywood, Raphaëlle D., Harutyunyan, Avet, Hirsch, Lea, Howell, Steve B., Johnson, John Asher, Latham, David W., Lopez, Eric, Mayor, Michel, Micela, Giusi, Molinari, Emilio, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Pepe, Francesco, Phillips, David F., Piotto, Giampaolo, Rice, Ken, Sasselov, Dimitar, Ségransan, Damien, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Udry, Stéphane, Watson, Chris, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Malavolta, Luca, Mayo, Andrew W., Louden, Tom, Rajpaul, Vinesh M., Bonomo, Aldo S., Crossfield, Ian Jm, Buchhave, Lars A., Kreidberg, Laura, Kristiansen, Martti H., Lopez-Morales, Mercedes, Mortier, Annelies, Vanderburg, Andrew, Coffinet, Adrien, Ehrenreich, David, Lovis, Christophe, Bouchy, Francois, Charbonneau, David, Ciardi, David R., Cameron, Andrew Collier, Cosentino, Rosario, Damasso, Mario, Dressing, Courtney D., Dumusque, Xavier, Everett, Mark E., Figueira, Pedro, Fiorenzano, Aldo F. M., Gonzales, Erica J., Haywood, Raphaëlle D., Harutyunyan, Avet, Hirsch, Lea, Howell, Steve B., Johnson, John Asher, Latham, David W., Lopez, Eric, Mayor, Michel, Micela, Giusi, Molinari, Emilio, Nascimbeni, Valerio, Pepe, Francesco, Phillips, David F., Piotto, Giampaolo, Rice, Ken, Sasselov, Dimitar, Ségransan, Damien, Sozzetti, Alessandro, Udry, Stéphane, and Watson, Chris

Abstract

Ultra-short period (USP) planets are a class of low-mass planets with periods shorter than one day. Their origin is still unknown, with photo-evaporation of mini-Neptunes and in situ formation being the most credited hypotheses. Formation scenarios differ radically in the predicted composition of USP planets, and it is therefore extremely important to increase the still limited sample of USP planets with precise and accurate mass and density measurements. We report here the characterization of a USP planet with a period of 0.28 days around K2-141 (EPIC 246393474), and the validation of an outer planet with a period of 7.7 days in a grazing transit configuration. We derived the radii of the planets from the K2 light curve and used high-precision radial velocities gathered with the HARPS-N spectrograph for mass measurements. For K2-141b, we thus inferred a radius of 1.51 ±0.05 R and a mass of 5.08 ±0.41 M, consistent with a rocky composition and lack of a thick atmosphere. K2-141c is likely a Neptune-like planet, although due to the grazing transits and the non-detection in the RV data set, we were not able to put a strong constraint on its density. We also report the detection of secondary eclipses and phase curve variations for K2-141b. The phase variation can be modeled either by a planet with a geometric albedo of 0.30 ±0.06 in the Kepler bandpass, or by thermal emission from the surface of the planet at ∼3000 K. Only follow-up observations at longer wavelengths will allow us to distinguish between these two scenarios., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NNX15AC90G), United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NNX17AB59G)

Published
2021

139. The fresnel interferometric imager

Author

Koechlin, Laurent, Serre, Denis, Deba, Paul, Pelló, Roser, Peillon, Christelle, Duchon, Paul, Gomez de Castro, Ana Ines, Karovska, Margarita, Désert, Jean-Michel, Ehrenreich, David, Hebrard, Guillaume, Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain, Ferlet, Roger, Sing, David, and Vidal-Madjar, Alfred

Published
2009
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140. Transmission Spectroscopy of WASP-79b from 0.6 to 5.0 μm

Author

Sotzen, Kristin S., Stevenson, Kevin B., Sing, David K., Kilpatrick, Brian M., Wakeford, Hannah R., Filippazzo, Joseph C., Lewis, Nikole K., Hörst, Sarah M., López-Morales, Mercedes, Henry, Gregory W., Buchhave, Lars A., Ehrenreich, David, Fraine, Jonathan D., García Muñoz, Antonio, Jayaraman, Rahul, Lavvas, Panayotis, des Etangs, Alain Lecavelier, Marley, Mark S., Nikolov, Nikolay, Rathcke, Alexander Dybdahl, Sanz-Forcada, Jorge, Sotzen, Kristin S., Stevenson, Kevin B., Sing, David K., Kilpatrick, Brian M., Wakeford, Hannah R., Filippazzo, Joseph C., Lewis, Nikole K., Hörst, Sarah M., López-Morales, Mercedes, Henry, Gregory W., Buchhave, Lars A., Ehrenreich, David, Fraine, Jonathan D., García Muñoz, Antonio, Jayaraman, Rahul, Lavvas, Panayotis, des Etangs, Alain Lecavelier, Marley, Mark S., Nikolov, Nikolay, Rathcke, Alexander Dybdahl, and Sanz-Forcada, Jorge

Abstract

As part of the Panchromatic Exoplanet Treasury program, we have conducted a spectroscopic study of WASP-79b, an inflated hot Jupiter orbiting an F-type star in Eridanus with a period of 3.66 days. Building on the original WASP and TRAPPIST photometry of Smalley et al., we examine Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) (1.125–1.650 μm), Magellan/Low Dispersion Survey Spectrograph (LDSS)-3C (0.6–1 μm) data, and Spitzer data (3.6 and 4.5 μm). Using data from all three instruments, we constrain the water abundance to be −2.20 ≤ log(H2O) ≤ −1.55. We present these results along with the results of an atmospheric retrieval analysis, which favor inclusion of FeH and H− in the atmospheric model. We also provide an updated ephemeris based on the Smalley, HST/WFC3, LDSS-3C, Spitzer, and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) transit times. With the detectable water feature and its occupation of the clear/cloudy transition region of the temperature/gravity phase space, WASP-79b is a target of interest for the approved James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Director’s Discretionary Early Release Science (ERS) program, with ERS observations planned to be the first to execute in Cycle 1. Transiting exoplanets have been approved for 78.1 hr of data collection, and with the delay in the JWST launch, WASP-79b is now a target for the Panchromatic Transmission program. This program will observe WASP-79b for 42 hr in four different instrument modes, providing substantially more data by which to investigate this hot Jupiter.

Published
2020

141. High-resolution transmission spectroscopy of MASCARA-2 b with EXPRES

Author

Jens Hoeijmakers, H., Cabot, Samuel H.C., Zhao, Lily, Buchhave, Lars A., Tronsgaard, Rene, Davis, Allen B., Kitzmann, Daniel, Grimm, Simon L., Cegla, Heather M., Bourrier, Vincent, Ehrenreich, David, Heng, Kevin, Lovis, Christophe, Fischer, Debra A., Jens Hoeijmakers, H., Cabot, Samuel H.C., Zhao, Lily, Buchhave, Lars A., Tronsgaard, Rene, Davis, Allen B., Kitzmann, Daniel, Grimm, Simon L., Cegla, Heather M., Bourrier, Vincent, Ehrenreich, David, Heng, Kevin, Lovis, Christophe, and Fischer, Debra A.

Abstract

We report detections of atomic species in the atmosphere of MASCARA-2 b, using the first transit observations obtained with the newly commissioned EXPRES spectrograph. EXPRES is a highly stabilized optical echelle spectrograph, designed to detect stellar reflex motions with amplitudes down to 30 cm s-1, and has recently been deployed at the Lowell Discovery Telescope. By analyzing the transmission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter MASCARA-2 b using the cross-correlation method, we confirm previous detections of Fe※ I, Fe※ II, and Na※ I, which likely originate in the upper regions of the inflated atmosphere. In addition, we report significant detections of Mg※ I and Cr※ II. The absorption strengths change slightly with time, possibly indicating different temperatures and chemistry in the day- and nightside terminators. Using the effective stellar line-shape variation induced by the transiting planet, we constrain the projected spin-orbit misalignment of the system to 1.6 ± 3.1 degrees, consistent with an aligned orbit. We demonstrate that EXPRES joins a suite of instruments capable of phase-resolved spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres.

Published
2020

142. Fundamental physics with ESPRESSO: Towards an accurate wavelength calibration for a precision test of the fine-structure constant

Author

Schmidt, Tobias M., primary, Molaro, Paolo, additional, Murphy, Michael T., additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Cupani, Guido, additional, Cristiani, Stefano, additional, Pepe, Francesco A., additional, Rebolo, Rafael, additional, Santos, Nuno C., additional, Abreu, Manuel, additional, Adibekyan, Vardan, additional, Alibert, Yann, additional, Aliverti, Matteo, additional, Allart, Romain, additional, Allende Prieto, Carlos, additional, Alves, David, additional, Baldini, Veronica, additional, Broeg, Christopher, additional, Cabral, Alexandre, additional, Calderone, Giorgio, additional, Cirami, Roberto, additional, Coelho, João, additional, Coretti, Igor, additional, D’Odorico, Valentina, additional, Di Marcantonio, Paolo, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Figueira, Pedro, additional, Genoni, Matteo, additional, Génova Santos, Ricardo, additional, González Hernández, Jonay I., additional, Kerber, Florian, additional, Landoni, Marco, additional, Leite, Ana C. O., additional, Lizon, Jean-Louis, additional, Lo Curto, Gaspare, additional, Manescau, Antonio, additional, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., additional, Megévand, Denis, additional, Mehner, Andrea, additional, Micela, Giuseppina, additional, Modigliani, Andrea, additional, Monteiro, Manuel, additional, Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G., additional, Mueller, Eric, additional, Nunes, Nelson J., additional, Oggioni, Luca, additional, Oliveira, António, additional, Pariani, Giorgio, additional, Pasquini, Luca, additional, Redaelli, Edoardo, additional, Riva, Marco, additional, Santos, Pedro, additional, Sosnowska, Danuta, additional, Sousa, Sérgio G., additional, Sozzetti, Alessandro, additional, Suárez Mascareño, Alejandro, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, Zapatero Osorio, Maria-Rosa, additional, and Zerbi, Filippo, additional

Published
2021
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145. Measuring and modeling the Balmer series in hot gaseous giant exoplanets

Author

Wyttenbach, Aurélien, primary, Mollière, Paul, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Cegla, Heather, additional, Bourrier, Vincent, additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Pino, Lorenzo, additional, Allart, Romain, additional, Seidel, Julia, additional, Hoeijmakers, Jens, additional, Nielsen, Louise, additional, Lavie, Baptiste, additional, Pepe, Francesco, additional, Bonfils, Xavier, additional, and Snellen, Ignas, additional

Published
2020
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146. High-resolution transmission spectroscopy of MASCARA-2 b with EXPRES

Author

Hoeijmakers, H. Jens, primary, Cabot, Samuel H. C., additional, Zhao, Lily, additional, Buchhave, Lars A., additional, Tronsgaard, René, additional, Davis, Allen B., additional, Kitzmann, Daniel, additional, Grimm, Simon L., additional, Cegla, Heather M., additional, Bourrier, Vincent, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Heng, Kevin, additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, and Fischer, Debra A., additional

Published
2020
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147. Transits of Known Planets Orbiting a Naked-eye Star

Author

Kane, Stephen R., primary, Yalçınkaya, Selçuk, additional, Osborn, Hugh P., additional, Dalba, Paul A., additional, Nielsen, Louise D., additional, Vanderburg, Andrew, additional, Močnik, Teo, additional, Hinkel, Natalie R., additional, Ostberg, Colby, additional, Esmer, Ekrem Murat, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, Fetherolf, Tara, additional, Baştürk, Özgür, additional, Ricker, George R., additional, Vanderspek, Roland, additional, Latham, David W., additional, Seager, Sara, additional, Winn, Joshua N., additional, Jenkins, Jon M., additional, Allart, Romain, additional, Bailey, Jeremy, additional, Bean, Jacob L., additional, Bouchy, Francois, additional, Butler, R. Paul, additional, Campante, Tiago L., additional, Carter, Brad D., additional, Daylan, Tansu, additional, Deleuil, Magali, additional, Diaz, Rodrigo F., additional, Dumusque, Xavier, additional, Ehrenreich, David, additional, Horner, Jonathan, additional, Howard, Andrew W., additional, Isaacson, Howard, additional, Jones, Hugh R. A., additional, Kristiansen, Martti H., additional, Lovis, Christophe, additional, Marcy, Geoffrey W., additional, Marmier, Maxime, additional, O’Toole, Simon J., additional, Pepe, Francesco, additional, Ragozzine, Darin, additional, Ségransan, Damien, additional, Tinney, C. G., additional, Turnbull, Margaret C., additional, Wittenmyer, Robert A., additional, Wright, Duncan J., additional, and Wright, Jason T., additional

Published
2020
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