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103. The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Author

Université de Lausanne, Swiss National Science Foundation, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Davis, Basil A. S., Chevalier, Manuel, Sommer, Philipp, Carter, Vachel A., Finsinger, Walter, Mauri, Achille, Phelps, Leanne N., Zanon, Marco, Abegglen, Roman, Åkesson, Christine M., Alba Sánchez, Francisca, Valsecchi, V., Zanina, Oksana G., Zimny, Marcelina, Scott Anderson, R., Antipina, Tatiana A., Atanassova, Juliana R., Beer, Ruth, Belyanina, Nina I., Blyakharchuk, Tatiana A., Borisova, Olga K., Bozilova, Elissaveta, Bukreeva, Galina, Bunting, M. Jane, Clò, Eleonora, Colombaroli, Daniele, Combourieu-Nebout, N., Desprat, Stéphanie, Rita, Federico di, Djamali, Morteza, Edwards, Kevin J., Fall, Patricia L., Feurdean, Angelica, Fletcher, William J., Florenzano, Assunta, Furlanetto, Giulia, Gaceur, Emna, Galimov, Arsenii T., Galka, Mariusz, García-Moreiras, Iria, Giesecke, Thomas, Grindean, Roxana, Guido, Maria A., Gvozdeva, Irina G., Herzschuh, Ulrike, Hjelle, Kari L., Ivanov, Sergy, Jahns, Susanne, Jankovska, Vlasta, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, Karpińska‐Kołaczek, Monika, Kitaba, Ikuko, Kolaczek, Piotr, Lapteva, Elena G., Latalowa, Malgorzata, Lebreton, Vincent, Leroy, Suzanne A. G., Leydet, Michelle, Lopatina, Darya A., López Sáez, José Antonio, Lotter, A. F., Marinova, Elena, Matthias, Isabelle, Mavridou, Anastasia, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Mesa-Fernández, Jose Manuel, Mikishin, Yuri A., Milecka, Krystyna, Montanari, Carlo, Morales-Molino, César, Mrotzek, Almut, Muñoz Sobrino, C., Naidina, Olga D., Nakagawa, Takeshi, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Novenko, Elena Y., Panajiotidis, Sampson, Panova, Nata K., Papadopoulou, María, Pardoe, Heather S., Pędziszewska, Anna, Petrenko, Tatitana I., Ramos-Román, María J., Ravazzi, Cesare, Rösch, Manfred, Ryabogina, Natalia, Sabariego Ruiz, Silvia, Salonen, J. Sakari, Sapelko, Tatyana V., Schofield, James E., Seppä, Heikki, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, Stivrins, Normunds, Stojakowits, Philipp, Svobodova Svitavska, Helena, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Tantau, Ioan, Tinner, Willy, Tobolski, Kazimierz, Tonkov, Spassimir, Tsakiridou, Margarita, Université de Lausanne, Swiss National Science Foundation, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Davis, Basil A. S., Chevalier, Manuel, Sommer, Philipp, Carter, Vachel A., Finsinger, Walter, Mauri, Achille, Phelps, Leanne N., Zanon, Marco, Abegglen, Roman, Åkesson, Christine M., Alba Sánchez, Francisca, Valsecchi, V., Zanina, Oksana G., Zimny, Marcelina, Scott Anderson, R., Antipina, Tatiana A., Atanassova, Juliana R., Beer, Ruth, Belyanina, Nina I., Blyakharchuk, Tatiana A., Borisova, Olga K., Bozilova, Elissaveta, Bukreeva, Galina, Bunting, M. Jane, Clò, Eleonora, Colombaroli, Daniele, Combourieu-Nebout, N., Desprat, Stéphanie, Rita, Federico di, Djamali, Morteza, Edwards, Kevin J., Fall, Patricia L., Feurdean, Angelica, Fletcher, William J., Florenzano, Assunta, Furlanetto, Giulia, Gaceur, Emna, Galimov, Arsenii T., Galka, Mariusz, García-Moreiras, Iria, Giesecke, Thomas, Grindean, Roxana, Guido, Maria A., Gvozdeva, Irina G., Herzschuh, Ulrike, Hjelle, Kari L., Ivanov, Sergy, Jahns, Susanne, Jankovska, Vlasta, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, Karpińska‐Kołaczek, Monika, Kitaba, Ikuko, Kolaczek, Piotr, Lapteva, Elena G., Latalowa, Malgorzata, Lebreton, Vincent, Leroy, Suzanne A. G., Leydet, Michelle, Lopatina, Darya A., López Sáez, José Antonio, Lotter, A. F., Marinova, Elena, Matthias, Isabelle, Mavridou, Anastasia, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Mesa-Fernández, Jose Manuel, Mikishin, Yuri A., Milecka, Krystyna, Montanari, Carlo, Morales-Molino, César, Mrotzek, Almut, Muñoz Sobrino, C., Naidina, Olga D., Nakagawa, Takeshi, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Novenko, Elena Y., Panajiotidis, Sampson, Panova, Nata K., Papadopoulou, María, Pardoe, Heather S., Pędziszewska, Anna, Petrenko, Tatitana I., Ramos-Román, María J., Ravazzi, Cesare, Rösch, Manfred, Ryabogina, Natalia, Sabariego Ruiz, Silvia, Salonen, J. Sakari, Sapelko, Tatyana V., Schofield, James E., Seppä, Heikki, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, Stivrins, Normunds, Stojakowits, Philipp, Svobodova Svitavska, Helena, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Tantau, Ioan, Tinner, Willy, Tobolski, Kazimierz, Tonkov, Spassimir, and Tsakiridou, Margarita

Abstract

The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60% from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019).

Published
2020

107. Neolithic land-use and environmental degradation: a study from the Western Isles of Scotland

Author

Mills, Coralie M., Armit, Ian, Edwards, Kevin J., Grinter, Pamela, and Mulder, Ymke

Subjects
Archaeology -- Research, Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Research
Abstract

Investigation of a partially waterlogged Neolithic site, on an islet in a Scottish Hebridean loch, showed that early strategies of exploitation were already environmentally damaging. Loss of soil fertility through intensive ploughing is well-documented, but stripping the turf can be equally damaging to the environment. Working on the lake settlement of Eilean Domhnuill in North Uist, the authors show that turf was cut for building material and used as fuel and that this practice contributed to a rapid degradation of the land surface through erosion. Keywords: Neolithic, Scotland, environment, fuel, erosion, AMS dates, Introduction The remarkable survival of partially waterlogged remains of a Neolithic settlement on an islet (Eilean Domhnuill) in Loch Olabhat, North Uist, Scotland, has allowed an integrated study of the [...]

Published
2004

108. Bronze Age fuel: the oldest direct evidence for deep peat cutting and stack construction?

Author

Branigan, Keith, Edwards, Kevin J., and Merrony, Colin

Subjects
Northern Europe -- Discovery and exploration, Bronze age, Peat -- Usage -- Discovery and exploration, Fuel -- Usage -- Discovery and exploration, Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Discovery and exploration, Usage
Abstract

Introduction Peat has been used as a fuel and as an additive to arable fields to aid fertility since prehistoric times in many parts of northern Europe (e.g. Fenton 1986; [...]

Published
2002

109. Geophysical and palynological investigations of the Tell El Dabaa archaeological site, Nile Delta, Egypt

Author

El Beialy, Salah Y., Edwards, Kevin J., and El-Mahmoudi, Ahmed S.

Subjects
Egypt -- History, Palynology -- Research, Excavations (Archaeology) -- Egypt, Geophysical research -- Egypt -- Research, Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Research, History
Abstract

The authors present preliminary results of geophysical and polynological reconnaissance at the Tell El Dabaa, eastern Nile Delta. The geophysical survey reveals the presence of floodbasins, levees and channel deposits. Low polynomorph concentrations probably result from the high sedimentation rate and mean that further work is needed on the methods for palynological study in the region. Key-words: Tell El Dabaa, Nile Delta, geophysical survey, pollen analysis, Egypt, Introduction The site of Tell El Dabaa, located in the northeastern Nile Delta (FIGURE 1), has been known since 1885. This part of the Nile Delta is generally characterized by [...]

Published
2001

111. The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Author

Davis, Basil A. S., primary, Chevalier, Manuel, additional, Sommer, Philipp, additional, Carter, Vachel A., additional, Finsinger, Walter, additional, Mauri, Achille, additional, Phelps, Leanne N., additional, Zanon, Marco, additional, Abegglen, Roman, additional, Åkesson, Christine M., additional, Alba-Sánchez, Francisca, additional, Anderson, R. Scott, additional, Antipina, Tatiana G., additional, Atanassova, Juliana R., additional, Beer, Ruth, additional, Belyanina, Nina I., additional, Blyakharchuk, Tatiana A., additional, Borisova, Olga K., additional, Bozilova, Elissaveta, additional, Bukreeva, Galina, additional, Bunting, M. Jane, additional, Clò, Eleonora, additional, Colombaroli, Daniele, additional, Combourieu-Nebout, Nathalie, additional, Desprat, Stéphanie, additional, Di Rita, Federico, additional, Djamali, Morteza, additional, Edwards, Kevin J., additional, Fall, Patricia L., additional, Feurdean, Angelica, additional, Fletcher, William, additional, Florenzano, Assunta, additional, Furlanetto, Giulia, additional, Gaceur, Emna, additional, Galimov, Arsenii T., additional, Gałka, Mariusz, additional, García-Moreiras, Iria, additional, Giesecke, Thomas, additional, Grindean, Roxana, additional, Guido, Maria A., additional, Gvozdeva, Irina G., additional, Herzschuh, Ulrike, additional, Hjelle, Kari L., additional, Ivanov, Sergey, additional, Jahns, Susanne, additional, Jankovska, Vlasta, additional, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, additional, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, additional, Kitaba, Ikuko, additional, Kołaczek, Piotr, additional, Lapteva, Elena G., additional, Latałowa, Małgorzata, additional, Lebreton, Vincent, additional, Leroy, Suzanne, additional, Leydet, Michelle, additional, Lopatina, Darya A., additional, López-Sáez, José Antonio, additional, Lotter, André F., additional, Magri, Donatella, additional, Marinova, Elena, additional, Matthias, Isabelle, additional, Mavridou, Anastasia, additional, Mercuri, Anna Maria, additional, Mesa-Fernández, Jose Manuel, additional, Mikishin, Yuri A., additional, Milecka, Krystyna, additional, Montanari, Carlo, additional, Morales-Molino, César, additional, Mrotzek, Almut, additional, Muñoz Sobrino, Castor, additional, Naidina, Olga D., additional, Nakagawa, Takeshi, additional, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, additional, Novenko, Elena Y., additional, Panajiotidis, Sampson, additional, Panova, Nata K., additional, Papadopoulou, Maria, additional, Pardoe, Heather S., additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Petrenko, Tatiana I., additional, Ramos-Román, María J., additional, Ravazzi, Cesare, additional, Rösch, Manfred, additional, Ryabogina, Natalia, additional, Sabariego Ruiz, Silvia, additional, Salonen, J. Sakari, additional, Sapelko, Tatyana V., additional, Schofield, James E., additional, Seppä, Heikki, additional, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, additional, Stivrins, Normunds, additional, Stojakowits, Philipp, additional, Svobodova Svitavska, Helena, additional, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, additional, Tantau, Ioan, additional, Tinner, Willy, additional, Tobolski, Kazimierz, additional, Tonkov, Spassimir, additional, Tsakiridou, Margarita, additional, Valsecchi, Verushka, additional, Zanina, Oksana G., additional, and Zimny, Marcelina, additional

Published
2020
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115. Archaeological assessment reveals Earth's early transformation through land use

Author

Stephens, Lucas, Fuller, Dorian, Boivin, Nicole, Rick, Torben, Gauthier, Nicolas, Kay, Andrea, Marwick, Ben, Geralda, Chelsey, Armstrong, Denise, Barton, C. Michael, Denham, Tim, Douglass, Kristina, Driver, Jonathan, Janz, Lisa, Roberts, Patrick, Rogers, J. Daniel, Thakar, Heather, Altaweel, Mark, Johnson, Amber L., Sampietro Vattuone, Maria Marta, Aldenderfer, Mark, Archila, Sonia, Artioli, Gilberto, Bale, Martin T., Beach, Timothy, Borrell, Ferran, Braje, Todd, Buckland, Philip I., Jiménez Cano, Nayeli Guadalupe, Capriles, José M., Diez Castillo, Agustin, c Cilingirou glu, c Ciler, Negus Cleary, Michelle, Conolly, James, Coutros, Peter R., Covey, R. Alan, Cremaschi, Mauro, Crowther, Alison, Der, Lindsay, di Lernia, Savino, Doershuk, John F., Doolittle, William E., Edwards, Kevin J., Erlandson, Jon M., Evans, Damian, Fairbairn, Andrew, Faulkner, Patrick, Feinman, Gary, Fernandes, Ricardo, Fitzpatrick, Scott M., Fyfe, Ralph, Garcea, Elena, Goldstein, Steve, Goodman, Reed Charles, Dalpoim Guedes, Jade, Herrmann, Jason, Hiscock, Peter, Hommel, Peter, Horsburgh, K. Ann, Hritz, Carrie, Ives, John W., Junno, Aripekka, Kahn, Jennifer G., Kaufman, Brett, Kearns, Catherine, Kidder, Tristram R., Lanoë, Franc cois, Lawrence, Dan, Lee, Gyoung-Ah, Levin, Maureece J., Lindskoug, Henrik B., López-Sáez, José Antonio, Macrae, Scott, Marchant, Rob, Marston, John M., McClure, Sarah, McCoy, Mark D., Miller, Alicia Ventresca, Morrison, Michael, Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre, Müller, Johannes, Nayak, Ayushi, Noerwidi, Sofwan, Peres, Tanya M., Peterson, Christian E., Proctor, Lucas, Randall, Asa R., Renette, Steve, Robbins Schug, Gwen, Ryzewski, Krysta, Saini, Rakesh, Scheinsohn, Vivian, Schmidt, Peter, Sebillaud, Pauline, Seitsonen, Oula, Simpson, Ian A., Soltysiak, Arkadiusz, Speakman, Robert J., Spengler, Robert N., Steffen, Martina L., Storozum, Michael J., Strickland, Keir M., Thompson, Jessica, Thurston, T. L., Ulm, Sean, Ustunkaya, M. Cemre, Welker, Martin H., West, Catherine, Williams, Patrick Ryan, Wright, David K., Wright, Nathan, Zahir, Muhammad, Zerboni, Andrea, Beaudoin, Ella, Munevar Garcia, Santiago, Powell, Jeremy, Thornton, Alexa, Kaplan, Jed O., Gaillard, Marie-José, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ellis, Erle, Environmental Sciences, Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l'Asie Orientale (CRCAO), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Collège de France (CdF)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Sciences, Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Ege Üniversitesi

Subjects
Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Geociencias multidisciplinaria, land-use, hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, farmers, archeoglobe, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Arqueología, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], HUMANIDADES, Geoarchaeology, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Farmers, Agriculture, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Erosion, Land degradation, purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1 [https], CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Historia y Arqueología, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Pastoralism, Environmental archaeology, Human driven processes, 03 medical and health sciences, Anthropocene, Global archaeology, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/6 [https], [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, Pastoralists, Land use, Human use of land, Archaeological assessment, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, 13. Climate action, Hunter-gatherers
Abstract

EgeUn###, Environmentally transformative human use of land accelerated with the emergence of agriculture, but the extent, trajectory, and implications of these early changes are not well understood. An empirical global assessment of land use from 10,000 years before the present (yr B.P.) to 1850 CE reveals a planet largely transformed by hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists by 3000 years ago, considerably earlier than the dates in the land-use reconstructions commonly used by Earth scientists. Synthesis of knowledge contributed by more than 250 archaeologists highlighted gaps in archaeological expertise and data quality, which peaked for 2000 yr B.P. and in traditionally studied and wealthier regions. Archaeological reconstruction of global land-use history illuminates the deep roots of Earth's transformation and challenges the emerging Anthropocene paradigm that large-scale anthropogenic global environmental change is mostly a recent phenomenon., National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS 1125210], This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. CNS 1125210 awarded to E. C. E. in 2011. The full list of author, affiliations, and contributions is in the supplementary materials.

Published
2019

117. Archaeological assessment reveals Earth's early transformation through land use

Author

Environmental Sciences, Stephens, Lucas, Fuller, Dorian, Boivin, Nicole, Rick, Torben, Gauthier, Nicolas, Kay, Andrea, Marwick, Ben, Geralda, Chelsey, Armstrong, Denise, Barton, C. Michael, Denham, Tim, Douglass, Kristina, Driver, Jonathan, Janz, Lisa, Roberts, Patrick, Rogers, J. Daniel, Thakar, Heather, Altaweel, Mark, Johnson, Amber L., Sampietro Vattuone, Maria Marta, Aldenderfer, Mark, Archila, Sonia, Artioli, Gilberto, Bale, Martin T., Beach, Timothy, Borrell, Ferran, Braje, Todd, Buckland, Philip I., Jiménez Cano, Nayeli Guadalupe, Capriles, José M., Diez Castillo, Agustin, c Cilingirou glu, c Ciler, Negus Cleary, Michelle, Conolly, James, Coutros, Peter R., Covey, R. Alan, Cremaschi, Mauro, Crowther, Alison, Der, Lindsay, di Lernia, Savino, Doershuk, John F., Doolittle, William E., Edwards, Kevin J., Erlandson, Jon M., Evans, Damian, Fairbairn, Andrew, Faulkner, Patrick, Feinman, Gary, Fernandes, Ricardo, Fitzpatrick, Scott M., Fyfe, Ralph, Garcea, Elena, Goldstein, Steve, Goodman, Reed Charles, Dalpoim Guedes, Jade, Herrmann, Jason, Hiscock, Peter, Hommel, Peter, Horsburgh, K. Ann, Hritz, Carrie, Ives, John W., Junno, Aripekka, Kahn, Jennifer G., Kaufman, Brett, Kearns, Catherine, Kidder, Tristram R., Lanoë, Franc cois, Lawrence, Dan, Lee, Gyoung-Ah, Levin, Maureece J., Lindskoug, Henrik B., López-Sáez, José Antonio, Macrae, Scott, Marchant, Rob, Marston, John M., McClure, Sarah, McCoy, Mark D., Miller, Alicia Ventresca, Morrison, Michael, Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre, Müller, Johannes, Nayak, Ayushi, Noerwidi, Sofwan, Peres, Tanya M., Peterson, Christian E., Proctor, Lucas, Randall, Asa R., Renette, Steve, Robbins Schug, Gwen, Ryzewski, Krysta, Saini, Rakesh, Scheinsohn, Vivian, Schmidt, Peter, Sebillaud, Pauline, Seitsonen, Oula, Simpson, Ian A., Soltysiak, Arkadiusz, Speakman, Robert J., Spengler, Robert N., Steffen, Martina L., Storozum, Michael J., Strickland, Keir M., Thompson, Jessica, Thurston, T. L., Ulm, Sean, Ustunkaya, M. Cemre, Welker, Martin H., West, Catherine, Williams, Patrick Ryan, Wright, David K., Wright, Nathan, Zahir, Muhammad, Zerboni, Andrea, Beaudoin, Ella, Munevar Garcia, Santiago, Powell, Jeremy, Thornton, Alexa, Kaplan, Jed O., Gaillard, Marie-José, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Ellis, Erle, Environmental Sciences, Stephens, Lucas, Fuller, Dorian, Boivin, Nicole, Rick, Torben, Gauthier, Nicolas, Kay, Andrea, Marwick, Ben, Geralda, Chelsey, Armstrong, Denise, Barton, C. Michael, Denham, Tim, Douglass, Kristina, Driver, Jonathan, Janz, Lisa, Roberts, Patrick, Rogers, J. Daniel, Thakar, Heather, Altaweel, Mark, Johnson, Amber L., Sampietro Vattuone, Maria Marta, Aldenderfer, Mark, Archila, Sonia, Artioli, Gilberto, Bale, Martin T., Beach, Timothy, Borrell, Ferran, Braje, Todd, Buckland, Philip I., Jiménez Cano, Nayeli Guadalupe, Capriles, José M., Diez Castillo, Agustin, c Cilingirou glu, c Ciler, Negus Cleary, Michelle, Conolly, James, Coutros, Peter R., Covey, R. Alan, Cremaschi, Mauro, Crowther, Alison, Der, Lindsay, di Lernia, Savino, Doershuk, John F., Doolittle, William E., Edwards, Kevin J., Erlandson, Jon M., Evans, Damian, Fairbairn, Andrew, Faulkner, Patrick, Feinman, Gary, Fernandes, Ricardo, Fitzpatrick, Scott M., Fyfe, Ralph, Garcea, Elena, Goldstein, Steve, Goodman, Reed Charles, Dalpoim Guedes, Jade, Herrmann, Jason, Hiscock, Peter, Hommel, Peter, Horsburgh, K. Ann, Hritz, Carrie, Ives, John W., Junno, Aripekka, Kahn, Jennifer G., Kaufman, Brett, Kearns, Catherine, Kidder, Tristram R., Lanoë, Franc cois, Lawrence, Dan, Lee, Gyoung-Ah, Levin, Maureece J., Lindskoug, Henrik B., López-Sáez, José Antonio, Macrae, Scott, Marchant, Rob, Marston, John M., McClure, Sarah, McCoy, Mark D., Miller, Alicia Ventresca, Morrison, Michael, Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre, Müller, Johannes, Nayak, Ayushi, Noerwidi, Sofwan, Peres, Tanya M., Peterson, Christian E., Proctor, Lucas, Randall, Asa R., Renette, Steve, Robbins Schug, Gwen, Ryzewski, Krysta, Saini, Rakesh, Scheinsohn, Vivian, Schmidt, Peter, Sebillaud, Pauline, Seitsonen, Oula, Simpson, Ian A., Soltysiak, Arkadiusz, Speakman, Robert J., Spengler, Robert N., Steffen, Martina L., Storozum, Michael J., Strickland, Keir M., Thompson, Jessica, Thurston, T. L., Ulm, Sean, Ustunkaya, M. Cemre, Welker, Martin H., West, Catherine, Williams, Patrick Ryan, Wright, David K., Wright, Nathan, Zahir, Muhammad, Zerboni, Andrea, Beaudoin, Ella, Munevar Garcia, Santiago, Powell, Jeremy, Thornton, Alexa, Kaplan, Jed O., Gaillard, Marie-José, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, and Ellis, Erle

Published
2019

119. The Reading Palaeofire database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records.

Author

Harrison, Sandy P., Villegas-Diaz, Roberto, Cruz-Silva, Esmeralda, Gallagher, Daniel, Kesner, David, Lincoln, Paul, Shen, Yicheng, Sweeney, Luke, Colombaroli, Daniele, Ali, Adam, Barhoumi, Chéïma, Bergeron, Yves, Blyakharchuk, Tatiana, Bobek, Přemysl, Bradshaw, Richard, Clear, Jennifer L., Czerwiński, Sambor, Daniau, Anne-Laure, Dodson, John, and Edwards, Kevin J.

Subjects
CHARCOAL, GEOLOGICAL time scales, DATABASES, READING
Abstract

Sedimentary charcoal records are widely used to reconstruct regional changes in fire regimes through time in the geological past. Existing global compilations are not geographically comprehensive and do not provide consistent metadata for all sites. Furthermore, the age models provided for these records are not harmonised and many are based on older calibrations of the radiocarbon ages. These issues limit the use of existing compilations for research into past fire regimes. Here, we present an expanded database of charcoal records, accompanied by new age models based on recalibration of radiocarbon ages using INTCAL2020 and Bayesian age-modelling software. We document the structure and contents of the database, the construction of the age models, and the quality control measures applied. We also record the expansion of geographical coverage relative to previous charcoal compilations and the expansion of metadata that can be used to inform analyses. This first version of the Reading Palaeofire Database contains 1681 records (entities) from 1477 sites worldwide. The database (DOI: 10.17864/1947.319) is available from https://researchdata.reading.ac.uk/id/eprint/319. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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120. William Su Ting – China's forgotten palynologist.

Author

Edwards, Kevin J. and Mao, Limi

Subjects
*PALYNOLOGY, *POLLEN, *PALEOECOLOGY, *ARCHIVAL materials, BRITISH colonies
Abstract

Palynology is a relatively young science in China. It is accepted conventionally that the earliest papers are those by Jen Hsü, regarded as 'the pioneer of palynology in China', from 1950 onwards. This is clearly not so – geographer Su Ting (1913–2000) published an earlier paper on Chinese pollen grains in 1949, having included pollen-analytical research in a largely geomorphological doctoral thesis in 1937 – the first PhD by a Chinese citizen at the University of Glasgow. Caught-up in the civil war between Communist and Nationalist forces, Ting had left China for the then British colony of Hong Kong in 1949 and arrived in Los Angeles in 1957 where he termed himself William Su Ting. In Los Angeles he conducted palynological and other research, initially with Daniel Axelrod, eventually retiring as Professor of Geography from California State University in 1979. Ting maintained a long correspondence with Gunnar Erdtman which informs this account along with additional archival and family material. Although Ting was the first Chinese palynologist to work in mainland China, an added element is represented by the Japanese workers Misaburo Shimakura and Genkei Masamune, who performed pollen-analytical investigations in Mainland China and Taiwan respectively in the early 1940s, when this territory was under Japanese control. Ting's unpublished research on sites in Orkney and the Isle of Bute mark him as one of the UK's pioneer workers in palynology. His North American publications reflect a willingness to grapple with issues as diverse as Quaternary and pre-Quaternary palaeoecology, pollen morphology, microscopy and statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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125. Vikings

Author

Nordeide, Saebjorg Walaker, primary and Edwards, Kevin J., additional

Published
2019
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126. Industrial-era lead and mercury contamination in southern Greenland implicates North American sources

Author

Pérez-Rodríguez, Marta, Silva-Sánchez, Noemí, Kylander, Malin E., Bindler, Richard, Mighall, Tim M., Edward Schofield, J., Edwards, Kevin J., Martínez Cortizas, Antonio, Pérez-Rodríguez, Marta, Silva-Sánchez, Noemí, Kylander, Malin E., Bindler, Richard, Mighall, Tim M., Edward Schofield, J., Edwards, Kevin J., and Martínez Cortizas, Antonio

Abstract

To study the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants from lower latitude industrial areas to the Arctic, we analysed a peat core spanning the last similar to 700 cal. yr (similar to 1300-2000 CE) from southern Greenland, an area sensitive to atmospheric pollution from North American and Eurasian sources. A previous investigation conducted in the same location recorded atmospheric lead (Pb) pollution after similar to 1845, with peak values recorded in the 1970s, and concluded that a North American source was most likely. To confirm the origin of the lead, we present new Pb isotope data from Sandhavn, together with a high-resolution record for mercury (Hg) deposition. Results demonstrate that the mercury accumulation rate has steadily increased since the beginning of the 19th century, with maximum values of 9.3 mu g m(-2) yr(-1) recorded similar to 1940. Lead isotopic ratios show two mixing lines: one which represents inputs from local and regional geogenic sources, and another that comprises regional geogenic and pollution sources. Detrending the Pb isotopic ratio record (thereby extracting the effect of the geogenic mixing) has enabled us to reconstruct a detailed chronology of metal pollution. The first sustained decrease in Pb isotope signals is recorded as beginning similar to 1740-1780 with the lowest values (indicating the highest pollution signature) dated to similar to 1960-1970. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio of excess Pb (measuring 1.222, and reflecting pollution generated Pb), when compared with the Pb isotopic composition of the Sandhavn peat record since the 19th century and the timing of Pb enrichments, clearly points to the dominance of pollution sources fromNorth America, although it did not prove possible to further differentiate the emissions sources geographically.

Published
2018
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130. Erratum to: The European Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) project

Author

Davis, Basil A. S., Zanon, Marco, Collins, Pamella, Mauri, Achille, Bakker, Johan, Barboni, Doris, Barthelmes, Alexandra, Beaudouin, Celia, Birks, H. John B., Bjune, Anne E., Bozilova, Elissaveta, Bradshaw, Richard H. W., Brayshay, Barbara A., Brewer, Simon, Brugiapaglia, Elisabetta, Bunting, Jane, Connor, Simon E., de Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis, Edwards, Kevin J., Ejarque, Ana, Fall, Patricia, Florenzano, Assunta, Fyfe, Ralph, Galop, Didier, Giardini, Marco, Giesecke, Thomas, Grant, Michael J., Guiot, Jöel, Jahns, Susanne, Jankovská, Vlasta, Juggins, Stephen, Kahrmann, Marina, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, Kołaczek, Piotr, Kühl, Norbert, Kuneš, Petr, Lapteva, Elena G., Leroy, Suzanne A. G., Leydet, Michelle, Sáez, José Antonio López, Masi, Alessia, Matthias, Isabelle, Mazier, Florence, Meltsov, Vivika, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Miras, Yannick, Mitchell, Fraser J. G., Morris, Jesse L., Naughton, Filipa, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Novenko, Elena, Odgaard, Bent, Ortu, Elena, Overballe-Petersen, Mette Venås, Pardoe, Heather S., Peglar, Silvia M., Pidek, Irena A., Sadori, Laura, Seppä, Heikki, Severova, Elena, Shaw, Helen, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Theuerkauf, Martin, Tonkov, Spassimir, Veski, Siim, van der Knaap, Pim (W. O.), van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F. N., Woodbridge, Jessie, Zimny, Marcelina, and Kaplan, Jed O.

Published
2013
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140. IBG Study Groups' Annual Reports 1993

Author

Millington, Andrew, Simon, David, Sadler, David, Edwards, Kevin J., Matthews, Hugh, Ogborn, Miles, Phillips, Martin, Curtis, Sarah, Walker, G. P., Painter, Joe, Stillwell, John, Smith, Fiona M., Lovett, Andrew, Martin, Steven, Pile, Steve, Smith, Jose, Larkham, Peter J., and Bondi, Liz

Published
1993

143. Quantifying the effects of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation in Europe

Author

Marquer, Laurent, Gaillard, Marie-José, Sugita, Shinya, Poska, Anneli, Trondman, Anna-Kari, Mazier, Florence, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Fyfe, Ralph M., Jonsson, Anna Maria, Smith, Benjamin, Kaplan, Jed O., Alenius, Teija, Birks, H. John B., Bjune, Anne E., Christiansen, Jorg, Dodson, John, Edwards, Kevin J., Giesecke, Thomas, Herzschuh, Ulrike, Kangur, Mihkel, Koff, Tiiu, Latalowa, Maligorzata, Lechterbeck, Jutta, Olofsson, Jorgen, Seppa, Heikki, Marquer, Laurent, Gaillard, Marie-José, Sugita, Shinya, Poska, Anneli, Trondman, Anna-Kari, Mazier, Florence, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Fyfe, Ralph M., Jonsson, Anna Maria, Smith, Benjamin, Kaplan, Jed O., Alenius, Teija, Birks, H. John B., Bjune, Anne E., Christiansen, Jorg, Dodson, John, Edwards, Kevin J., Giesecke, Thomas, Herzschuh, Ulrike, Kangur, Mihkel, Koff, Tiiu, Latalowa, Maligorzata, Lechterbeck, Jutta, Olofsson, Jorgen, and Seppa, Heikki

Abstract

Early agriculture can be detected in palaeovegetation records, but quantification of the relative importance of climate and land use in influencing regional vegetation composition since the onset of agriculture is a topic that is rarely addressed. We present a novel approach that combines pollen-based REVEALS estimates of plant cover with climate, anthropogenic land-cover and dynamic vegetation modelling results. This is used to quantify the relative impacts of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation at a sub-continental scale, i.e. northern and western Europe north of the Alps. We use redundancy analysis and variation partitioning to quantify the percentage of variation in vegetation composition explained by the climate and land-use variables, and Monte Carlo permutation tests to assess the statistical significance of each variable. We further use a similarity index to combine pollen based REVEALS estimates with climate-driven dynamic vegetation modelling results. The overall results indicate that climate is the major driver of vegetation when the Holocene is considered as a whole and at the sub-continental scale, although land use is important regionally. Four critical phases of land-use effects on vegetation are identified. The first phase (from 7000 to 6500 BP) corresponds to the early impacts on vegetation of farming and Neolithic forest clearance and to the dominance of climate as a driver of vegetation change. During the second phase (from 4500 to 4000 BP), land use becomes a major control of vegetation. Climate is still the principal driver, although its influence decreases gradually. The third phase (from 2000 to 1500 BP) is characterised by the continued role of climate on vegetation as a consequence of late-Holocene climate shifts and specific climate events that influence vegetation as well as land use. The last phase (from 500 to 350 BP) shows an acceleration of vegetation changes, in particular during the last century, caused by new farming practic

Published
2017
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145. Les premiers agriculteurs du Groenland et leur impact sur la végétation

Author

Edwards, Kevin J, Gauthier, Emilie, Schofield, Edward, Gauthier, Emilie, Masson-Delmotte, V., Gauthier, E., Gremillet D., Huctin, J.M., Swingedouw (eds), University of Aberdeen, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Masson-Delmotte, V., Gauthier, E., Gremillet D., Huctin, J.M., Swingedouw (eds), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

146. Recensiones

Author

Edwards, Kevin J., Rolland Calvo, Jorge, Martínez Silva, Berta, de Balbín Behrmann, Rodrigo, Montero Ruiz, Ignacio, Le Roux, Charles-Tanguy, Fernández Götz, Manuel Alberto, Junyent, Emili, Armada Pita, Xosé-Lois, O’Connor, Brendan, Hunter, Fraser, Chapa Brunet, Teresa, and Izquierdo Peraile, Isabel

Subjects
lcsh:Archaeology, lcsh:CC1-960
Published
2008

147. Quantifying the effects of land use and climate on Holocene vegetation in Europe

Author

Marquer, Laurent, primary, Gaillard, Marie-José, additional, Sugita, Shinya, additional, Poska, Anneli, additional, Trondman, Anna-Kari, additional, Mazier, Florence, additional, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, additional, Fyfe, Ralph M., additional, Jönsson, Anna Maria, additional, Smith, Benjamin, additional, Kaplan, Jed O., additional, Alenius, Teija, additional, Birks, H. John B., additional, Bjune, Anne E., additional, Christiansen, Jörg, additional, Dodson, John, additional, Edwards, Kevin J., additional, Giesecke, Thomas, additional, Herzschuh, Ulrike, additional, Kangur, Mihkel, additional, Koff, Tiiu, additional, Latałowa, Małgorzata, additional, Lechterbeck, Jutta, additional, Olofsson, Jörgen, additional, and Seppä, Heikki, additional

Published
2017
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