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Copyright of Revista Espiga is the property of Revista Espiga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Litteraria Romanica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and objective: In addition to the evaluation of voiding symptoms, in the evaluation of patients with nocturia, one should also consider other related causes such as sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSAS), diabetes and heart failure. In this study, we have aimed to assess the current knowledge and implementation of the EAU guidelines regarding nocturia in common urological practice in the Netherlands. Setting and participants: In a national cross-sectional survey distributed among 450 urologists and urology residents in the Netherlands, the implementation of the recommendations of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on nocturia evaluation and management was studied. Results and limitations: This survey revealed that only some aspects of the EAU guidelines are applied in the daily clinical practice and that some important parts are not. For example, only a minority asks about alcohol consumption and symptoms suggestive for diabetes or OSAS. In addition, a majority reported to use a bladder diary for 1–3 days instead of for a minimum of 3 days as recommended by the EAU guidelines. In the management of nocturia, a trial of timed diuretic therapy is only reported by a minority, whereas the use of beta-3 antagonists, which is not mentioned in the guidelines, is applied by a large majority. Desmopressin recommended for nocturnal polyuria is prescribed by two-third of Dutch urologists. Conclusions: These observations mandate better education and campaigns to raise the awareness on the EAU-guideline recommendations for nocturia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La colonisation par Pseudomonas aeruginosa d'un point d'usage du réseau d'eau alimentant le service de réanimation du centre hospitalier de Haguenau a conduit à mesurer l'étendue de cette contamination en multipliant les prélèvements et à rechercher, en parallèle, les colonisations ou infections des patients hospitalisés dans le service. Chez neuf patients, sur une période de quatre mois, des souches de P. aeruginosa sont isolées puis comparées par électro- phorèse en champ pulsé avec les souches environnementales. L'objectif est de comprendre l'origine des contaminations et d'évaluer le risque de transmissions croisées de souches bactériennes à l'occasion des soins. L'analyse montre qu'une souche de P. aeruginosa isolée à partir de l'eau délivrée par le robinet d'une des chambres du service contamine successivement les patients qui seront hébergés dans cette chambre. Les comparaisons génotypiques des souches confirment l'absence de transmission croisée au sein du service, chaque patient colonisé ou infecté l'étant manifestement à partir de ses flores endogènes. Ces résultats ont apporté les arguments nécessaires au changement profond de l'architecture du réseau d'eau du service pour le simplifier et en faciliter l'entretien. Ils confortent l'équipe opérationnelle d'hygiène,et rassurent les soignants du service quant à la qualité des soins qu'ils prodiguent. Tap water Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in the intensive care unit of the hospital, invites us to measure the extent of this contamination by multiplying the samples. In parallel, hospitalised patients which should be colonized or infected by the same microorganism were prospectively detected.. Over a period of four months, isolate in nine patients strains of P. aeruginosa will be compared by pulsed-field electrophoresis with environmental strains to better understand the origin of contaminations and assess the risk of cross-transmission during nursing and cares. Finally a strain of P. aeruginosa isolated from the water delivered by the tap of one of the rooms successively contaminates the patients hospitalised in this room. The genotypic comparisons of the strains confirm the absence of cross-transmission within the service, each colonized or infected patient obviously has it from its endogenous flora. These results provided the necessary arguments for the profound change in the service's water network architecture to simplify it and simplify maintenance. They reinforce the hygiene team and reassure service providers about the quality of care they provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CEL prophylactically and therapeutically attenuated the experimental autoimmune uveitis. • CEL treatment effectively suppressed the pathological Th17 response by targeting STAT3-IL17 pathway. • CEL altered the gut microbial community of EAU rats by reducing the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria and simultaneously enriching the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. • CEL treatment reshaped the gut metabolites in the EAU rats. Extensive research has revealed the favorable effects of celastrol (CEL) against various diseases, but the role of CEL in autoimmune uveitis remains unexplored. We first assessed the prophylactical and therapeutical effects of CEL on autoimmune uveitis via rat experimental autoimmune uveitis model. After network pharmacology, functional enrichment and molecular docking analyses, we predicted the potential target of CEL and validated its effect on EAU by clinical and histopathological scores, Evans blue staining, immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. Then we evaluated the role of CEL in the gut environment by 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomic analysis. We confirmed that CEL treatment suppressed the pathological TH17 response, inhibited the migration of inflammatory cells, and preserved the integrity of BRB via targeting STAT3-IL17 pathway. Furthermore, CEL was found to reduce the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria including Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 , Parasutterella and GCA-900066575 , and enrich the relative abundance of beneficial Oscillospirales and Ruminococcus_torques_group in EAU rats by fecal 16S rRNA sequencing. Meanwhile, CEL treatment reshaped the gut metabolites in the EAU rats by increasing the relative concentrations of cholic acid, progesterone and guggulsterone, and decreasing the relative levels of isoproterenol, creatinine and phenylacetylglutamine. CEL exerts its ameliorative effects on the experimental autoimmune uveitis through the dual mechanisms of targeting STAT3 and reprofiling the gut microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le Partenariat européen pour l’innovation pour une agriculture productive et durable (PEI-AGRI) est un des instruments de l’Union européenne pour promouvoir l’innovation dans le secteur de l’agriculture en rapprochant plus étroitement la recherche et la pratique de terrain. Pascale Riccoboni, chargée de l’animation nationale du PEI-AGRI au sein du Réseau rural national, fait le bilan de cette initiative et des dynamiques de recherche partenariale qu’elle a créées dans le domaine de l’eau et l’agriculture en France et en Europe.

The European Innovation Partnership for Productive and Sustainable Agriculture (EIP-AGRI) is a European Union instrument for promoting innovation in agriculture by bringing research and field practice closer together. Pascale Riccoboni, in charge of the national implementation of EIP-AGRI within the National Rural Network, assesses this initiative and, the research strategy it has created in water and agriculture in France, and Europe.

Human uveitis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by ocular inflammation with the involvement of uveitogenic Th1 and Th17 responses. In experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), the animal model for human uveitis, both responses are proven to be critical in disease development. Therefore, targeting both Th1 and Th17 cells has therapeutic implication for disease resolution. IL-27 is a multifunctional cytokine that can either promote or inhibit T cell responses and is implicated in both autoimmune and infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to characterize the role of IL-27/IL-27R signaling in regulating uveitogenic Th1/Th17 responses in EAU. By immunizing IL-27Rα−/− mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates for EAU, we demonstrated that IL-27 signaling deficiency exacerbated EAU with severe ocular inflammation and impairment of visual function. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the eye-infiltrating Th1 and Th17 cells in IL-27Rα−/− EAU mice compared to WT. Their retinal antigen-specific Th1 and Th17 responses were also significantly increased, as represented by the elevation of their signature cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-17A, respectively. We also observed the upregulation of another pathogenic cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), from effector T cells in IL-27Rα−/− EAU mice. Mechanistic studies confirmed that IL-27 inhibited GM-CSF production from Th17 cells. In addition, the induction of IL-10 producing type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells was impaired in IL-27Rα−/− EAU mice. These results identified that IL-27 signaling plays a suppressive role in EAU by regulating multiple CD4+ cell subsets, including the effector Th1 and Th17 cells and the regulatory Tr1 cells. Our findings provide new insights for therapeutic potential in controlling uveitis by enhancing IL-27 signaling.

En 2009, le ministère en charge du développement durable lance la prospective « Eau, Milieux aquatiques et territoires durables 2030 », dit Aqua2030. Conduit à l’échelle nationale, cet exercice avait pour ambition d’offrir une méthodologie à l’usage des décideurs des territoires intéressés par la prospective pour élaborer leur politique locale de l’eau et des milieux aquatiques. Il visait en outre à produire un certain nombre de recommandations pour accompagner tous les niveaux de la décision publique dans ce domaine. Trois ans après la fin de l’exercice, cet article s’attache, après avoir retracé brièvement les grands objectifs de ce projet, à présenter et analyser les résultats produits. Il tente enfin de déterminer l’impact d’Aqua2030 sur les acteurs concernés et la construction des politiques publiques à différentes échelles de la décision.

Depuis une dizaine d'années, les démarches de prospective environnementale mobilisant une approche par les services écosystémiques se sont multipliées à travers les territoires. Dans cet article, l'auteur retrace le processus générique ayant vu les considérations environnementales s’affirmer dans la production des futurs territoriaux, en exposant plus spécifiquement les évolutions en matière d’anticipations dans le domaine de l’eau et des milieux aquatiques, puis en précisant ce qu’une approche par les services écosystémiques offre comme opportunités et soulève comme questionnements pour la prospective.

L’évaluation des pressions d’azote et de phosphore et de leurs impacts sur les masses d’eau continentales constitue un enjeu écologique et réglementaire majeur pour les acteurs de l’eau. Cet article présente l'intérêt de la boîte à outils Nutting pour estimer les flux et la rétention de ces substances au sein des bassins versants et du réseau hydrographique. Après avoir présenté la démarche de modélisation, il montre comment le modèle est utilisé, quelles données d’entrée sont nécessaires, et quelles possibilités, limites et perspectives offrent la boîte à outils Nutting aux acteurs de la gestion de l’eau.

Le bocage constitue un des éléments essentiels du paysage dans la préservation de la ressource en eau, tant sur le plan qualitatif que quantitatif. Dans cet article, les auteures font le point des connaissances scientifiques sur le fonctionnement et le rôle des haies sur l'eau. Leur analyse concerne surtout l'Ouest de la France, une région à réseau hydrographique dense et nappes affleurant au niveaux des talwegs.

Autoimmune diseases are a physiological state wherein immune responses are directed against and damage the body's own tissues. Cytokines secreted by infiltrated inflammatory cells contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. TIPE2, one of the four family members of Tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein-8 (TNFAIP8), is a negative regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and plays essential roles in the maintenance of immune tolerance. However, studies on the role of TIPE2 during the development of autoimmune diseases have generated contradictory results. In the current study, we sought to determine the role of TIPE2 during the development of IMQ-induced psoriasis and Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU) in mice. Our study revealed that, while TIPE2-deficiency alleviates psoriasis, it exacerbates the development of EAU. Further studies demonstrated that, although TIPE2-deficient T cells produced more IL-17A, they do not migrate efficiently to the local inflammatory site, i.e., the skin. This in turn led to the decreased IL-17A production in the skin and consequently reduced the severity of psoriasis in TIPE2-deficient mice. However, although TIPE2-deficient T cells still produced more IL-17A in EAU model, they migrate into the inflamed eye as efficient as TIPE2-sufficient T cells, and consequently exacerbates the development of EAU in TIPE2-deficient mice. Taken together, these results indicate that TIPE2 may either promote or suppress autoimmunity depending on the specific inflammatory microenvironment in different types of autoimmune diseases.

Retinal vascular diseases have distinct, complex and multifactorial pathogeneses yet share several key pathophysiological aspects including inflammation, vascular permeability and neovascularisation. In non-infectious posterior uveitis (NIU), retinal vasculitis involves vessel leakage leading to retinal enlargement, exudation, and macular oedema. Neovascularisation is not a common feature in NIU, however, detection of the major angiogenic factor—vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)—in intraocular fluids in animal models of uveitis may be an indication for a role for this cytokine in a highly inflammatory condition. Suppression of VEGF-A by directly targeting the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor (BLT1) pathway indicates a connection between leukotrienes (LTs), which have prominent roles in initiating and propagating inflammatory responses, and VEGF-A in retinal inflammatory diseases. Further research is needed to understand how LTs interact with intraocular cytokines in retinal inflammatory diseases to guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting both inflammatory mediator pathways.

Background: Coliform bacteria are majorly introduced into water bodies (river and wastewater) as a result of faecal pollution, agricultural run-offs and several anthropogenic activities. Despite the effectiveness of water treatment methods, pathogens still persist in water; hence the relevance of assessing the ability of these pathogens to survive the lethal actions of physical stresses and the possible impact on antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the organisms. Methodology: The survivability of Escherichia coli strains (NCM3722, FAP1 and ST2747), Enterobacter cloacae GGT036 and Shigella sonnei 53G was assessed in environmental and waste waters for 21 days. The effect of three treatment regimens (UV radiation, solar radiation and boiling) on the survival of the coliforms was evaluated. Also, the antibiogram of the isolates post-UV exposure was assayed. Results: Although there was significant reduction (= 3-log) in the population of the bacteria overtime, all the coliforms survived in the waters for 21 days. The effect of UV radiation was significant on all organisms (> 3 log reductions). Solar radiation for 60 minutes had significantly lesser effect than boiling for 15 minutes. Surviving cells of all isolates demonstrated multiple drug-resistance post exposure to UV radiation. Conclusion: This study revealed the ability of coliforms to persist in waters after treatment and proves that UV radiation may not be effective in attenuation of antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Autoimmune diseases are a physiological state wherein immune responses are directed against and damage the body's own tissues. Cytokines secreted by infiltrated inflammatory cells contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. TIPE2, one of the four family members of Tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein-8 (TNFAIP8), is a negative regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and plays essential roles in the maintenance of immune tolerance. However, studies on the role of TIPE2 during the development of autoimmune diseases have generated contradictory results. In the current study, we sought to determine the role of TIPE2 during the development of IMQ-induced psoriasis and Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU) in mice. Our study revealed that, while TIPE2-deficiency alleviates psoriasis, it exacerbates the development of EAU. Further studies demonstrated that, although TIPE2-deficient T cells produced more IL-17A, they do not migrate efficiently to the local inflammatory site, i.e., the skin. This in turn led to the decreased IL-17A production in the skin and consequently reduced the severity of psoriasis in TIPE2-deficient mice. However, although TIPE2-deficient T cells still produced more IL-17A in EAU model, they migrate into the inflamed eye as efficient as TIPE2-sufficient T cells, and consequently exacerbates the development of EAU in TIPE2-deficient mice. Taken together, these results indicate that TIPE2 may either promote or suppress autoimmunity depending on the specific inflammatory microenvironment in different types of autoimmune diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores water's capacities as a vibrant matter with specific properties that generates passions, attachments and a sense of belonging, and which enrols bodies in new connections, socialities, alliances and politics in unpredictable ways. Based on research into practices and engagements with water in a large urban public space the paper builds on studies of blue space. It concludes that water has the capacity to enhance a sense of well-being in those that swim in it and to mobilise a very particular sense of embodiment which gives this form of public space its distinctiveness constituting new forms of sociality and connections amongst diverse individuals. It seeks to do this by paying attention to the experiences of things themselves and the active participation of nonhuman forces in events and the 'vital materiality' that runs through and across bodies both human and non-human. The article also explores water's capacity to be constituted and defined by experts as dangerous and risky matter, and to thus engender political associations and connections amongst diverse groups who seek to oppose such expert interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

« Écrire, c'est rêver. Là-bas, quand on arriverait à Onitsha, tout serait diffèrent, tout serait facile. Il y aurait les grandes plaines d'herbes que Geoffroy avait décrites, les arbres si hauts, et le fleuve si large qu'on pourrait croire la mer, l'horizon se perdant dans les mirages de l'eau et du ciel » (Le Clézio, 1991 : 31). Ces propos extraits de Onitsha du Nobel de Littérature de 2008, inscrivent l'écologie au cœur de l'œuvre de l'auteur. Parallèlement, un autre auteur, Camara Laye, conscient des rapports étroits qui existent entre la nature et la sagesse africaine, ne manqué pas de fournir un autre paradigme du rêve de l'homme africain dans le roman, L'Enfant noir (1966). Au-delà donc des aspects narratifs de ces deux romans, il s'agira dans cet article de chercher à comprendre l'importance de l'interaction des éléments de la nature dans une perspective de la quête de soi et de celle du milieu environnant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Histoire & Mesure is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Histoire & Mesure is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Histoire & Mesure is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The drought, a natural phenomenon typical of the Iberian Peninsula, is a climatic hazard with great repercussions on water supply systems for both urban and agricultural uses. The objective of this research is to analyze the effects of droughts, their management and the vulnerability of this hazard in the basin of Galicia-Costa (Northwest of Spain). Methodologically, a review of the past droughts in the study area, the consultation and analysis of hydrological planning were carried out and an analysis of the phases and measures implemented during the last drought (between 2016 and the beginning of 2018). The results show that, during the latter, the reduction of rainfall was around 500 mm (a decrease of 28-49%, depending on the observatory) but highlighting that the main problems occurred precisely in the areas where this reduction was smaller. To sum up it should be noted that there has been a notable advance in the planning of droughts in Galicia-Costa. However, different structural problems such as lack of infrastructures, maintenance and deficiency of supplies, among others, they make this region vulnerable to drought in compare with other regions with a lower rain coupled and taking in to account the possible future effects of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The quality of experimental VLE data for ammonia–water mixture was evaluated. • Existing models for correlation of enthalpy and entropy were analyzed. • A new correlation was established for calculation of enthalpy and entropy. • New equations can be used for pressures up to 100 bar and temperatures up to 535 °C. Abstract In this paper we have reexamined the published correlations for liquid and vapor enthalpy and entropy data in order to obtain statistical proof that the correlations are in accordance with the databanks found in the open literature. In this process few new correlations were found to be with better accordance with data banks. After reconsiderations we have concluded that new correlations proposed hereby have to be given the preference rather than the previously published correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • An in-tube vertical falling film absorber with counter-current gas was built. • Experimental characterization was carried out in single effect absorption heat pump. • A numerical model has been validated by the obtained experimental data. Abstract In the present study, an in-tube vertical falling film absorber with gas and falling film in counter-current flow arrangement, which utilizes N H 3 − H 2 O pair as the working fluid, has been built and is then integrated with a single effect absorption heat pump. Twelve sets of tests have been designed and conducted, taking into account the standard operating range of these types of heat pumps. The results obtained from performing a testing procedure on this experimental setup have been utilized to assess the accuracy of a developed mathematical model in simulating the corresponding absorption phenomenon. The obtained results demonstrate an acceptable agreement between the values simulated by the model and the experimental data, while addressing various heat duties. Furthermore, it has been shown that the transfer coefficients between the liquid film and the interface are order/s of magnitude higher than the ones between the gas and the interface and therefore, the absorption process is controlled by the heat and mass transfer coefficients between the film and the interface. Moreover, it has been revealed that in falling film absorber modelling, insignificant errors in the evaluation of rate of absorption can lead to a notable miscalculation of the absorber size. It is concluded that the effect of hydrodynamic of the film on the heat and mass transfer process should be considered for future enhancement of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Études Rurales is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Études Rurales is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)