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Non-additive mixing plays a key role in the properties of molecular fluids and solids. In this work, the potential for athermal order–disorder phase transitions is explored in non-additive binary colloidal nanoparticles that form substitutionally ordered compounds, namely, for equimolar mixtures of octahedra + spheres, which form a CsCl lattice compound, and cubes + spheres, which form a NaCl crystal. Monte Carlo simulations that target phase coexistence conditions were used to examine the effect on compound formation of varying degrees of negative non-additivity created by component size asymmetry and by size-tunable indentations in the polyhedra's facets, intended to allow the nestling of neighboring spheres. Our results indicate that the stabilization of the compound crystal requires a relatively large degree of negative non-additivity, which depends on particle geometry and the packing of the relevant phases. It is found that negative non-additivity can be achieved in mixtures of large spheres and small cubes having no indentations and lead to the athermal crystallization of the NaCl lattice. For similarly sized components, athermal congruent transitions are attainable and non-additivity can be generated through indentations, especially for the cubes + spheres system. Increasing indentation leads to lower phase coexistence free energy and pressure in the cubes + spheres system but has the opposite effect in the octahedra + spheres system. These results indicate a stronger stabilizing effect on the athermal compound phase by the cubes' indentations, where a deeper nestling of the spheres leads to a denser compound phase and a larger reduction in the associated pressure-volume free-energy term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solutions are needed to address both hunger and the promotion of healthy and sustainable diets. Quinoa, a nutritious and sustainable Andean grain, is a versatile option for creating new foods. Over the years, several technological advancements have been made to include quinoa in various food products. However, there is still a need for solid scientific evidence on the impact of quinoa on the product's acceptance. To address this scientific knowledge gap, this work aims to analyze the scientific literature over the last three decades regarding the sensory and hedonic impact of adding quinoa to food products. To do so, bibliometric methods based on the Scopus and Annual Scientific Production databases were used. After selecting and screening using the PRISMA method, seventy-four articles from 1991 to 2024 were analyzed, identifying relationships between keywords in the analyzed studies, forming a co-occurrence and co-authorship network. Results showed that quinoa has great nutritional potential when added to different food products, but its instrumental and sensory properties are modified. The nine-point hedonic scale was used to measure product acceptability in 47% of the articles. Studies on bakery products have shown that increasing the concentration of quinoa in the product formulation decreases the acceptance of the final product in 67% of cases. It is recommended to include consumer demands from a sensory and hedonic perspective when developing new products. The scientific and industrial community is encouraged to develop new food products catering to a broader consumer range.

Abstract Background Foraging behavior in insects is optimised for locating scattered resources in a complex environment. This behavior can be exploited for use in pest control. Inhibition of feeding can protect crops whereas stimulation can increase the uptake of insecticides. For example, the success of a bait spray, depends on either contact or ingestion, and thus on the insect finding it. Methods To develop an effective bait spray against the invasive pest, Drosophila suzukii, we investigated aspects of foraging behavior that influence the likelihood that the pest interacts with the baits, in summer and winter morphotypes. We video-recorded the flies’ approach behavior towards four stimuli in a two-choice experiment on strawberry leaflets. To determine the most effective bait positioning, we also assessed where on plants the pest naturally forages, using a potted raspberry plant under natural environmental conditions. We also studied starvation resistance at 20 °C and 12 °C for both morphs. Results We found that summer morph flies spent similar time on all baits (agar, combi-protec, yeast) whereas winter morphs spent more time on yeast than the other baits. Both morphs showed a preference to feed at the top of our plant’s canopy. Colder temperatures enhanced survival under starvation conditions in both morphs, and mortality was reduced by food treatment. Conclusions These findings on feeding behavior support informed decisions on the type and placement of a bait to increase pest control.

Este estudio analizó la distribución espacial y temporal de 13 plaguicidas en sedimento y tejido de lobina (Micropterus spp.), por técnicas de análisis espacial y multivariantes en la presa “Vicente Guerrero” (Tamaulipas, México). Los compuestos fueron detectados por HPLC-MS/MS siguiendo el procedimiento de extracción QuEChERS. La concentración media de plaguicidas varió en sedimento de 0.37 a 8.33 µg/kg y en lobina de 0.05 a 2.88 µg/kg. La variación espacial fue significativa en los cinco sitios muestreados tanto en sedimento como en pescado. La mayor concentración y diversidad de plaguicidas se dio en la zona de confluencia (centro y zona este) en el embalse y declinó hacia el vertedero. La variación temporal en sedimento fue significativa (p < 0.05) en todo el periodo muestreado, mientras que en lobina solo en diciembre y mayo. Los plaguicidas más frecuentes en los dos tipos de muestras fueron amitraz, etión, paratión, piriproxifen y propargita, este último con la mayor variación y presente solo en el centro de la presa. Los resultados sugieren bioacumulación de al menos cinco plaguicidas desde el sedimento hacia el pescado. El paratión ha sido señalado como extremadamente peligroso para la salud humana; junto con etión y propargita son altamente tóxicos para la vida acuática, por lo que se sugiere realizar monitoreo frecuente de la presa, a fin de detectar la presencia de plaguicidas de alto riesgo y conservar la sanidad del ecosistema.

The use of lignocellulosic residues as feedstocks for biofuels production represents an economic and ecofriendly option, since they are generated as byproducts or wastes from different industrial areas. Nevertheless, a pretreatment method aimed at eliminating the lignin content of these residues must be performed. This is required in order to increase cellulose bioavailability, which favors the production of reducing sugars through microbial or enzymatic attack. Some performed pretreatments can be classified as physical, chemical, and physicochemical methods. Although such methods are the most used pretreatments, they are expensive and generate or make use of harmful compounds. Biological methods, by the action of microorganisms or their enzymes for lignin content reduction, may be regarded as an alternative, being cheaper and more friendly to the environment than the aforementioned methods. However, until now, biological pretreatments have not shown the same yield as the previously mentioned methods in both sugar recovery and biofuel production. In that sense, the aim of this work is to review the efficiency of these methods, with the goal of clarifying their advantages and disadvantages for improvement of biofuel production.

The rhizospheric microorganisms of agricultural crops play a crucial role in plant growth and nutrient cycling. In this study, we isolated two Streptomyces strains, Streptomyces sp. LM32 and Streptomyces sp. LM65, from the rhizosphere of Vitis vinifera L. We then conducted genomic analysis by assembling, annotating, and inferring phylogenomic information from the whole genome sequences. Streptomyces sp. strain LM32 had a genome size of 8.1 Mb and a GC content of 72.14%, while Streptomyces sp. strain LM65 had a genome size of 7.3 Mb and a GC content of 71%. Through ANI results, as well as phylogenomic, pan-, and core-genome analysis, we found that strain LM32 was closely related to the species S. coelicoflavus, while strain LM65 was closely related to the species S. achromogenes subsp. achromogenes. We annotated the functional categories of genes encoded in both strains, which revealed genes involved in nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism. This suggests that these strains have the potential to enhance nutrient availability in the soil, promoting agricultural sustainability. Additionally, we identified gene clusters associated with nitrate and nitrite ammonification, nitrosative stress, allantoin utilization, ammonia assimilation, denitrifying reductase gene clusters, high-affinity phosphate transporter and control of PHO regulon, polyphosphate, and phosphate metabolism. These findings highlight the ecological roles of these strains in sustainable agriculture, particularly in grapevine and other agricultural crop systems.

Abstract Neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles provide efficient gene transfection of nigral dopaminergic neurons when intracerebrally injected in preclinical trials of Parkinson’s disease because they do not cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, this study aimed to open BBB with focused ultrasound (FUS) on the substantia nigra to attain systemic and intranasal transfections and evaluate its detrimental effect in rats. Systemically injected Evans Blue showed that a two-pulse FUS opened the nigral BBB. Accordingly, 35 μL of neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles encompassing the green fluorescent protein plasmid (79.6 nm mean size and + 1.3 mV Zeta-potential) caused its expression in tyrosine hydroxylase(+) cells (dopaminergic neurons) of both substantiae nigrae upon delivery via internal carotid artery, retro-orbital venous sinus, or nasal mucosa 30 min after FUS. The intracarotid delivery yielded the highest transgene expression, followed by intranasal and venous administration. However, FUS caused neuroinflammation displayed by infiltrated lymphocytes (positive to cluster of differentiation 45), activated microglia (positive to ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1), neurotoxic A1 astrocytes (positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement component 3), and neurotrophic A2 astrocytes (positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein A10), that ended 15 days after FUS. Dopaminergic neurons and axonal projections decreased but recuperated basal values on day 15 after transfection, correlating with a decrease and recovery of locomotor behavior. In conclusion, FUS caused transient neuroinflammation and reversible neuronal affection but allowed systemic and intranasal transfection of dopaminergic neurons in both substantiae nigrae. Therefore, FUS could advance neurotensin-polyplex nanotechnology to clinical trials for Parkinson’s disease.

Numerous studies suggest that speakers of some tone languages show advantages in musical pitch processing compared to non-tone language speakers. A recent study in adults (Jasmin et al., 2021) suggests that in addition to heightened pitch sensitivity, tone language speakers weight pitch information more strongly than other auditory cues (amplitude, duration) in both linguistic and nonlinguistic settings compared to non-tone language speakers. The current study asks whether pitch upweighting is evident in early childhood. To test this, two groups of 3- to 5-year-old children—tone-language speakers (n = 48), a group previously shown to have a perceptual advantage in musical pitch tasks (Creel et al., 2018), and non-tone-language speakers (n = 48)—took part in a musical “word learning” task. Children associated two cartoon characters with two brief musical phrases differing in both musical instrument and contour. If tone language speakers weight pitch more strongly, cue conflict trials should show stronger pitch responding than for non-tone speakers. In contrast to both adult speakers’ stronger pitch weighting and child and adult pitch perception advantages, tone-language-speaking children did not show greater weighting of pitch information than non-tone-language speaking children. This suggests a slow developmental course for pitch reweighting, contrasting with apparent early emergence of pitch sensitivity.

Entomological research studies on mosquito vector biology, vector competence, insecticide resistance, dispersal, and survival (using mark-release-recapture techniques) often rely on laboratory-reared mosquito colonies to produce large numbers of consistently reared, aged, and sized mosquitoes. We developed a low-cost blood feeding apparatus that supports temperatures consistent with warm blooded animals, using commonly available materials found in low resource environments. We compare our system ("Caserotek") to Hemotek and glass/membrane feeding methods. Two experiments were conducted with Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus 1762) and one with Anopheles darlingi (Root 1926) (Diptera: Culicidae); 3 replicates were conducted for each experiment. Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes were provided chicken blood once per week for 30 min (Experiment #1) for 14 days or 1 hour (Experiment #2) for 21 days. Anopheles darlingi were fed once for 1 hour (Experiment #3). Blood-feeding rates, survival rates, and egg production were calculated across replicates. Caserotek had a significantly higher 30-min engorgement rate (91.1%) than Hemotek (47.7%), and the glass feeder (29.3%) whereas for 1-hour feeding, Hemotek had a significantly lower engorgement rate than either of the other two devices (78% versus 91%). Thirty-day survival was similar among the feeding devices, ranging from 86% to 99%. Mean egg production was highest for the Caserotek feeder (32 eggs per female) compared to the glass feeder and Hemotek device (21-22 eggs per female). Our new artificial feeding system had significantly higher blood feeding rates than for more expensive artificial systems and was equivalent to other fitness parameters. Caserotek only requires the ability to boil water to maintain blood temperatures using a Styrofoam liner. It can be easily scaled up to large production facilities and used under austere conditions.

Trichoderma spp. are ubiquitous rhizosphere fungi capable of producing several classes of secondary metabolites that can modify the dynamics of the plant-associated microbiome. However, the bacterial-fungal mechanisms that mediate these interactions have not been fully characterized. Here, a random barcode transposon-site sequencing (RB-TnSeq) approach was employed to identify bacterial genes important for fitness in the presence of Trichoderma atroviride exudates. We selected three rhizosphere bacteria with RB-TnSeq mutant libraries that can promote plant growth: the nitrogen fixers Klebsiella michiganensis M5aI and Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1, and Pseudomonas simiae WCS417. As a non-rhizosphere species, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was also included. From the RB-TnSeq data, nitrogen-fixing bacteria competed mainly for iron and required the siderophore transport system TonB/ExbB for optimal fitness in the presence of T. atroviride exudates. In contrast, P. simiae and P. putida were highly dependent on mechanisms associated with membrane lipid modification that are required for resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). A mutant in the Hog1-MAP kinase (Δtmk3) gene of T. atroviride showed altered expression patterns of many nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) biosynthetic gene clusters with potential antibiotic activity. In contrast to exudates from wild-type T. atroviride, bacterial mutants containing lesions in genes associated with resistance to antibiotics did not show fitness defects when RB-TnSeq libraries were exposed to exudates from the Δtmk3 mutant. Unexpectedly, exudates from wild-type T. atroviride and the Δtmk3 mutant rescued purine auxotrophic mutants of H. seropedicae, K. michiganensis and P. simiae. Metabolomic analysis on exudates from wild-type T. atroviride and the Δtmk3 mutant showed that both strains excrete purines and complex metabolites; functional Tmk3 is required to produce some of these metabolites. This study highlights the complex interplay between Trichoderma-metabolites and soil bacteria, revealing both beneficial and antagonistic effects, and underscoring the intricate and multifaceted nature of this relationship.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el compromiso organizacional y la satisfacción laboral de médicos que atendieron pacientes con COVID-19 en el Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, en el periodo 2020-2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y analítico donde participaron 194 médicos. Se evaluaron la satisfacción y el compromiso organizacional mediante los instrumentos “Satisfacción laboral de Minnesota” y “Compromiso organizacional de Meyer & Allen”. Con el puntaje obtenido y con la escala de Likert se categorizaron las variables en alto, medio y bajo. Resultados: El 71 % tuvo satisfacción intrínseca y el 93 % presentó un compromiso organizacional afectivo y de continuidad en el hospital. Según sea el sentido de logro que obtiene el médico, tiene una probabilidad de 2,71 veces de satisfacción laboral y logra sentirse orgulloso de trabajar en la institución (IC: 1,05-7,03). Los médicos estuvieron satisfechos con el trato del jefe y deseaban permanecer en la institución (OR 3,26 [IC: 1,50-7,24]). También estuvieron de acuerdo con las políticas aplicadas y sentían lealtad a la institución (OR 3,25 [IC: 1,40-17,23]). Fueron autodidactas y su satisfacción laboral se asoció con el pensamiento de que le debían mucho a la institución (OR 2,55 [IC: 1,31-4,94]). El análisis multivariado mostró mayor satisfacción laboral en el sexo masculino (OR 2,40 [IC: 1,15-5,0]), ya que contaron con un equipo de protección individual completo (OR 9,68 [IC: 3,01-31,12]) y recibieron un incentivo económico oportuno (OR 4,52 [IC: 1,76-11,53]). Conclusiones: El nivel de satisfacción laboral es directamente proporcional al nivel de compromiso organizacional según sean sus dimensiones; a mayor satisfacción laboral de los empleados, mayor es el compromiso con su institución. Asimismo, ser médico varón, recibir el equipo de protección personal completo y tener un incentivo económico oportuno fueron los factores con mayor fuerza de asociación con la satisfacción laboral.

Given the critical need for effective communication for individuals with locked-in syndrome (LIS), significant efforts have been made to develop assistive technologies that minimize error margins and enhance reliability. In this work, we present a Python-based interface specifically designed to assist individuals with LIS, utilizing the face mesh library to reduce variability in facial illumination and background, thereby improving the detection of key facial points. The interface captures the spatial position of each iris center, along with other points of interest in the patient's eyes (30 points in total), calculating 54 Euclidean distances. Data from 10 individuals were used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) capable of identifying and classifying four gestures: vertical eye movements (looking up and looking down), closed eyes, and open eyes (no movement), achieving an accuracy of 99.8%. This ANN model was integrated into the developed interface, allowing the user to navigate through a vertical menu with five options. The user can position over an option using eye movements and select the desired option by closing their eyes. The interface was validated with five individuals whose data were not used to train the ANN, achieving error-free selection of all five options. The proposed system demonstrates superior performance compared to other systems, with the added advantage of being a simple, robust solution that does not require calibration for new users.

Pepper is a crop of great economic importance in Mexico. However, it is affected by multiple diseases. The aim of this research was to identify through morphological and molecular methods the causal agent of both foliar and root wilting in jalapeño pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.), and the ability of Trichoderma asperellum to control these diseases in vitro. The causal agent of the disease was isolated from soil and foliar samples of jalapeño pepper fields in Delicias, Chihuahua, Mexico. The fungus was cultured on solid PDA medium to study its morphology. The CTAB method was used to extract DNA from Fusarium sp. The ITS1 and ITS4 primer pair was used to amplify a 850 bp DNA fragment by PCR. The sequence was deposited in Genbank (acc. no. OR801070) and used for phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference. The analysis revealed five clades and the isolate was placed in clade 4, which showed high genetic similarity with F. oxysporum (99.28% identity). Based on these molecular, morphological and phylogenetic data, the isolate was identified as Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. The biocontrol potential of T. asperellum (accession No. MN95047) against F. oxysporum was tested in vitro and it showed 40% to 87.5% inhibition of the pathogen. These findings are important for managing this pathogen and reducing the use of chemical fungicides.

Las crisis en la escuela son situaciones de dentro o fuera de la institución que representan un riesgo para la comunidad escolar. La investigación al respecto ha crecido significativamente en los últimos años. Este trabajo identifica las temáticas, enfoques y hallazgos a este respecto. A partir de la metodología PRISMA, se localizaron 584 artículos de los que, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión, quedaron 20 trabajos de revistas de alto impacto. Los resultados evidencian que los docentes son los sujetos primarios de investigación en este tema y que el contexto determina las tendencias en el estudio de las crisis. Estados Unidos, el país con mayor producción en el tema, presenta un amplio panorama de lo que se considera crisis, a diferencia de otros que se enfocan al potencial daño físico. Finalmente, la mayoría de los estudios son de opinión, por lo que la investigación debe trascender a la toma de decisiones y conductas exhibidas por los actores escolares para afrontar las crisis.

El presente artículo aborda el estudio de las representaciones sociales de universidades entre estudiantes del último semestre de la Licenciatura en Administración de cuatro instituciones de educación superior en Chihuahua, México, con el fin de comprender cómo estas representaciones afectan la identidad institucional y la percepción del éxito académico y profesional. Se trata de un estudio con enfoque cualitativo descriptivo, basado en la fenomenología y hermenéutica; se recolectaron datos a través de dibujos realizados por los estudiantes y de la filosofía institucional de las instituciones de educación superior (IES) estudiadas, analizada por medio de nubes de palabras. Se encontró que elementos como las instalaciones, el logotipo y la percepción del éxito son comunes en las representaciones sociales, mostrando una conexión con la filosofía institucional de cada universidad. Se destaca que las representaciones sociales pueden ser utilizadas para promover valores institucionales y mejorar la toma de decisiones en la educación superior. A pesar de algunas limitaciones en el tamaño de la muestra y la especificidad de la carrera estudiada, el uso de dibujos y nubes de palabras como técnicas de recolección de datos permitió reflexionar sobre las percepciones de los estudiantes, lo que puede conducir a estrategias de mejora institucional.

Macrophages play a pivotal role in tissue homeostasis, pathogen defense, and inflammation resolution. M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes represent two faces in a spectrum of responses to microenvironmental changes, crucial in both physiological and pathological conditions. Neuraminidase 1 (Neu1), a lysosomal and cell surface sialidase responsible for removing terminal sialic acid residues from glycoconjugates, modulates several macrophage functions, including phagocytosis and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Current evidence suggests that Neu1 expression influences M1/M2 macrophage phenotype alterations in the context of cardiovascular diseases, indicating a potential role for Neu1 in macrophage polarization. For this reason, we investigated the impact of Neu1 deficiency on macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and peritoneal macrophages from Neu1 knockout (Neu1−/−) mice and wild-type (WT) littermate controls, we demonstrated that Neu1-deficient macrophages exhibit an aberrant M2-like phenotype, characterized by elevated macrophage mannose receptor 1 (MMR/CD206) expression and reduced responsiveness to M1 stimuli. This M2-like phenotype was also observed in vivo in peritoneal and splenic macrophages. However, lymph node (LN) macrophages from Neu1−/− mice exhibited phenotypic alterations with reduced CD206 expression. Further analysis revealed that peripheral LNs from Neu1−/− mice were highly fibrotic, with overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and hyperactivated TGF-β signaling in LN macrophages. Consistently, TGF-β1 was found to alter M1/M2 macrophage polarization in vitro. Our findings showed that Neu1 deficiency prompts macrophages towards an M2 phenotype and that microenvironmental changes, particularly increased TGF-β1 in fibrotic tissues such as peripheral LNs in Neu1−/− mice, further influence M1/M2 macrophage polarization, highlighting its sensitivity to the local microenvironment. Therapeutic interventions targeting Neu1 or TGF-β signaling pathways may offer the potential to regulate macrophage behavior across different diseases.

Deforestation and natural resource extraction are well-known threats to biodiversity conservation, environmental justice, livelihoods, ecosystem services and can even result in crimes to, and harassment of, environmental defenders. Such punitive actions against environmental defenders can influence both economic development and forest conservation efforts. Yet, little is known about this nexus and the complex relationships between environmental impacts, such as deforestation, and environmental crimes across space and time in many regions such as Latin America. We explored these complex relationships using a database of environmental crimes, threats, and harassment (ECTH) affecting environmental defenders, as well as forest loss data, and municipal-level socioeconomic indicators for nine Latin American countries over a period of eleven years. We found that as deforestation increased, there was a large increase in ECTH episodes related to agricultural activity, while in highly populated municipalities there were more ECTH episodes related to energy production, transportation, and urbanization activities. Overall, the percentage of annual deforestation had a strong influence, which varied according to municipal wealth, population density (PD), and geographical context. Statistically significant increases in violent crimes were found with increasing deforestation, but only in Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico, and in municipalities with lower population densities. Conversely, higher income, more populated municipalities were characterized by judicial harassment, as opposed to violent crimes, indicating a type of Environmental Crime Kuznets Curve relationship. A structural equation model where deforestation was driven by the number of ECTHs, as well as percent forest area, PD, latitude, and country showed that the number of ECTH events and country were significant drivers of deforestation. Understanding these complex social-ecological dynamics shows the profound effects that deforestation and unsustainable, and unjust, environmental impacts and conflicts can have across forests and ecosystems of the Global South in terms of social justice and conservation, and thus merits increased protection of environmental defenders in Latin America.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the Economic Policy Uncertainty impact on Small and Medium Enterprises’ financial performance, considering the role that sector plays and firm characteristics. Thus, a data sample of 80,620 Spanish SMEs was selected for 2012–2020. Using system Generalized Method of Moments estimators, the results show a negative impact, especially in the service sector. Industrial Spanish SMEs that are larger, younger, more indebted, with more growth opportunities and with higher asset turnover are the most resilient to EPU. The findings can help SMEs design better management strategies to deal with this uncertainty.

The control of mobile robots in dynamic environments poses unique challenges compared to traditional manipulators, particularly due to the influence of wheel configuration on robot dynamics. Despite extensive studies on pathfollowing algorithms, the inclusion of noise in simulations is often overlooked, which is critical for real-world applications. To address this gap, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of four popular control algorithms under various noise conditions, i.e., proportional-integral control, feedback linearization, Lyapunov-based control (LBC), and model predictive control (MPC). The algorithms were tested using a circular trajectory to ensure consistent and challenging conditions, and their performances were measured using the integral absolute error and mean squared error metrics. The results show that LBC and MPC offer superior robustness to noise, making them suitable for practical applications. This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the importance of considering noise in control algorithm evaluations and provides recommendations regarding the selection of appropriate controllers for mobile robots in noisy environments.

Introducción: la polifarmacia inapropiada en adultos mayores con demencia es un problema de salud pública global. En este artículo se describen las indicaciones y se dan pautas para la deprescripción de potenciadores cognitivos (inhibidores de acetilcolinesterasa y memantina) y psicofármacos en pacientes con demencia. Materiales y métodos: esta es una revisión narrativa a partir del estado del arte sobre la deprescripción en el anciano con demencia. Resultados: la deprescripción no significa limitar esfuerzos terapéuticos, por el contrario, consiste en una estrategia de prevención cuaternaria para reducir el riesgo de reacciones adversas e identificar escenarios donde el beneficio clínico es marginal. Para esto, es necesario rastrear activamente a pacientes con demencia con indicación de deprescripción (falta de respuesta clínica adecuada, desaparición del beneficio con el uso prolongado, estadio de demencia grave o fase terminal). Discusión: los procesos de deprescripción varían según el grupo farmacológico e incluyen disminuciones progresivas de la medicación, así como el seguimiento y la monitorización para evitar el empeoramiento clínico. Se requiere de programas de educación médica en deprescripción para estudiantes y profesionales en ejercicio, especialmente en servicios de atención primaria en áreas rurales o dispersas, lo cual configura un llamado urgente a la neurología, la psiquiatría y la geriatría. Conclusión: el proceso de deprescripción en el paciente con demencia puede implementarse bajo criterios específicos y de una forma organizada.

The Pedregal de San Ángel Ecological Reserve (REPSA) is located within the central campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), in southwestern Mexico City. This area is known for its bird richness, which has been documented over time. However, this historical information has not been compiled, nor has it been assessed whether species composition has changed over time. In this study, we generated the historical checklist of avifauna in the REPSA by integrating data from systematic monitoring, bibliographic review and citizen science. Additionally, we calculated Jaccard’s dissimilarity Index (nestedness and species turnover) among bird checklists from each year and evaluated whether this index and its components changed over time. In addition, we estimate whether the proportion of species arriving and becoming extinct in the REPSA is influenced by time (census interval) and by the migratory status of the species. Finally, we identified the core species of the REPSA. Our results indicate that from 1967 to 2023, 258 bird species have been recorded in the REPSA. The Jaccard’s dissimilarity and turnover increased and reached an asymptotic trend over time while nestedness showed similar values throughout time. The time and species residency status did not have significant effect on the proportion of species that arrival and become extinct in the reserve. We identified 58 core species based on their persistence; 35 of these are residents, 22 have some migratory movement and one exotic species. Our results highlight the importance of the REPSA as a fundamental habitat for the avifauna of Mexico City, including a wide variety of migratory bird species.

Objetivo: identificar la participación comunitaria en actividades productivas y de transformación del maíz azul que revaloran conocimientos locales para conservar y aprovechar dicho grano. Metodología: con una muestra simple aleatoria de 93 productores, recorridos, revisión bibliográfica y estadísticas, se diseñan dos modelos logit. Se estima la probabilidad de participación con variables sociodemográficas y con variables laborales como predictoras. Resultados: la cadena de valor la conforman los eslabones de producción, acopio, transformación, distribución y consumo. Las variables edad, lengua indígena y escolaridad resultan significativas (p > 0.05), al igual que la incorporación al trabajo y las horas laboradas (p > 0.05). Limitaciones: el estudio aborda tres comunidades de veinte existentes. Valor: se examina un grano autóctono, conservado y aprovechado en esta región. Conclusiones: la cadena de valor y su dinámica social en la región son muy importantes, porque facilitan la participación de hombres y mujeres en el aprovechamiento del maíz pigmentado autóctono, con producción y empleo locales.