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Based on official statistical sources, this article presents a long-term criminological analysis of the situation with land mismanagement in Ukraine spanning the period from 2002 to 2023. The author determines absolute, average and relative indicators, in particular, the rate and dynamics of crimes in this category. The total number of recorded crimes in the category under study (1,240 crimes), their average annual occurrence (56 crimes), and the average growth rate (22.9 %) are calculated. Employing a 5th degree polynomial function, a trend depicting the dynamics of these crimes is constructed. The chosen model aptly captures the development trend of the process with high precision (coefficient of determination R² = 0.916) and facilitates the identification and characterization of four distinct periods, each reflecting the main trends of land mismanagement in Ukraine. A paradoxical situation is revealed by the analysis of the practical application of the criminal law provisions which have supplemented Art. 254 of the Ukrainian Criminal Code « Land Mismanagement» in accordance with Law of Ukraine No. 402-IX of December 19, 2019 « On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding Improvement of Legislation on Mining of Amber and Other Minerals». Notably, no crimes were recorded under Part 2 of Article 254 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (the primary corpus delicti). Conversely, 15 crimes were recorded under Parts 3 and 4 of Article 254 (qualifying elements of the crime). The author concludes that this correlation would be impossible in the case of objective recording of crimes, and it also underscores a noteworthy latent aspect of land mismanagement, in particular, deliberate evasion of mandatory reclamation of lands damaged in the course of pilot commercial development of amber deposits or amber mining under a special subsoil use permit, resulting in considerable damage. The conducted analysis holds an intrinsic value both for scientific research and for law enforcement, ensuring an appropriate information support base for countering land mismanagement, firstly, by providing a clear understanding of the current situation with this phenomenon. Furthermore, it lays the groundwork for the development of the relevant system of criminal preventive measures tailored to address this specific issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the concepts of information society, environmental information provision, information policy, environmental policy, establishes the importance of environmental information provision in implementing environmental and information safety measures, determines the place and role of environmental information provision in the mechanism of environmental and information policy of Ukraine. The development of a high-quality information society is impossible without appropriate legal regulators and should not happen by itself, without state support. At the same time, the formation of a conscious information society is the key to the functioning of a democratic state and its institutions. Also, the developed institute of environmental information provision is the basis of not only environmental, but also informational, and therefore national security. In the conditions of growing environmental problems and challenges, which have significantly worsened as a result of the war, it is important to understand the value for citizens of the right to environmental information, its role in guaranteeing environmental safety in the country and the potential of its provision for the further development of the state in any spheres. Environmental information provision is a category that can be used not only in environmental, but also in informational and other legal relations. Moreover, the peculiarities of its legal regime are determined by the norms of constitutional, international, informational, administrative, civil law and are regulated in detail by environmental legislation. However, despite the fact that the regulation of environmental and informational relations is carried out by the norms of various branches of law and is one of the basic foundations of both environmental and informational policy of Ukraine, it is necessary to distinguish their essence and substantive meaning in the context of certain measures. The article concludes that within the framework of environmental policy, environmental information provision is an element of the legal mechanism (tool) for the implementation of this policy. Whereas within the framework of information policy, it is a type of information, access to which is guaranteed by the state, that is, rather, the object to which such a policy is directed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To increase the level of environmental safety of enterprises by improving the quality of air purification from polydisperse dust in two-circuit closed systems, in particular, to obtain the basic design relations for the engineering calculation of such systems. Methodology. The aim of the study was realised by mathematical and numerical modelling of hydrodynamic processes in the elements of a closed double-circuit purification system. Findings. A methodology for hydraulic calculation of a closed two-circuit cleaning system was proposed by drawing up a pressure balance of individual circuits, and a dependence for the complex coefficient of hydraulic losses of the collection-return apparatus was determined. Originality. The hydraulic calculation of two-circuit closed cleaning systems is proposed to be carried out by compiling the pressure balance of individual circuits. To calculate a specific element of the system – the collection-return apparatus – the concept of a complex hydraulic loss coefficient is introduced, which takes into account both local pressure losses and losses along the length, and also indirectly reflects the effect of flow swirl on the hydraulic resistance of this element. For the complex coefficient of hydraulic losses, the quantitative results necessary for engineering calculations were obtained by numerical modelling of hydrodynamic processes of the swirling flow in an annular pressure channel. Practical value. The obtained results make it possible to design two-circuit closed cleaning systems for different production conditions, which, in turn, makes it possible to replace typical and inefficient direct-flow systems with a system in which the efficiency of polydisperse dust capture is significantly increased due to separate cleaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To propose a modern methodological approach to determine the energy efficiency of passenger transportation by city buses by establishing the relationship between fuel consumption and the number of stops on the route, as well as an environmental assessment of the introduction of an express mode of bus traffic in the conditions of a modern metropolis. Methodology. The fuel balance equation of the vehicle was used to build a model for researching the energy resource efficiency of buses in different driving modes. Determining the criteria and limitations that determine the effectiveness of the express mode of bus traffic was carried out by methods of system analysis. Information about the number of stops (where passenger exchange takes place) and additional dynamic loads which are related to the level of occupancy of the bus cabin were used as input data for modelling. These indicators were determined on the basis of a survey of passenger flows. The values of the angles of the laterallongitudinal slope of the road and the distances of the sections between the stops were determined with the help of the Internet resources Google Earth Pro and Google maps, respectively. The number of additional stops at traffic lights was calculated as a weighted average value according to the Bernoulli distribution. Elements of functional analysis were used to justify the introduction of the combined mode of movement in the considered example. The economic evaluation was carried out in accordance with the Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU 2009/33/EU. Findings. In the conducted studies, an ecological and economic evaluation of the introduction of an express mode of bus traffic in the conditions of a modern metropolis was provided. The results of the conducted research made it possible to determine the dependence of the energy resource efficiency of bus operation in different driving modes. Increasing the energy efficiency of transportation is achieved through the introduction of more productive and less expensive modes of bus traffic on city routes. It has been proven that the most effective one is the combined mode using regular and express connections. Originality. The authors believe that one of the effective measures to reduce the environmental consequences of the operation of urban public automobile transport is to increase the energy efficiency of transportation. This conclusion is based on the fact that one of the main quantitative indicators of the operation of vehicles is fuel consumption, which directly affects the mass of pollutant emissions and depends on the bus driving mode. Practical value. The proposed methodological approach is a universal algorithm that is proposed to be used by interested parties to assess the possibilities of reducing the negative impact of transport on the environment. The use of the developed approach in practice allows transport departments of city halls and akimats of megacities together with specialists of transport companies (developers of public transport routes) to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air, achieving a minimal negative impact on the environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals can play an important biological role as micronutrients but also as potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Understanding the natural concentrations of PTEs-Pb and Zn included-in soils allows for the identification and monitoring of contaminated areas and their role in environmental risk assessment. In this study, we aim to determine semi-total or natural and available concentrations of Pb and Zn in topsoils (0–20 cm depth) from 337 samples under native vegetation in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Additionally, we sought to interpret the spatial geochemical variability using geostatistical techniques and quality reference values for these elements in soils were established. The semi-total concentrations were determined by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption after microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion method. The available concentrations were extracted using the Mehlich-I extractor and determined by atomic absorption spectrometer. Spatial variability was modeled using semivariance estimators: Matheron's classic, Cressie and Hawkins' robust, and Cressie median estimators, the last two being less sensitive to extreme values. This allowed the construction of digital maps through kriging of semi-total Pb and Zn contents using the median estimator, as well as other soil properties by the robust estimator. The dominance of acidic pH and low CEC values reflects highly weathered low-fertility soils. Semi-total Pb contents ranged from 2.1 to 278 mg kg−1 (median: 9.35 mg kg−1) whereas semi-total Zn contents ranged from 2.7 to 495 mg kg−1 (median: 7.7 mg kg−1). The available Pb contents ranged from 0.1 to 6.92 mg kg−1 (median: 0.54 mg kg−1) whereas available Zn contents ranged from 0.1 to 78.2 mg kg−1 (median: 0.32 mg kg−1). The highest Pb and Zn concentrations were observed near Januária, in the northern part of the territory, probably on limestone rocks from the Bambuí group. Finally, the QRVs for Pb and Zn in natural soils were lower than their background values from other Brazilian region and below the prevention values suggested by Brazilian environmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous researches seldom studied the selection of buffer distance between geological hazards (positive samples) and non-geological hazards (negative samples), and its reasonable selection plays a very important role in improving the accuracy of susceptibility zoning, protecting the environment and reducing the cost of hazard management. Based on GIS technology and random forest (RF) and frequency-ratio random forest (FR-RF) models, this study innovatively explored the influence of randomly selected non-geological hazard samples outside different buffer distances on the susceptibility evaluation results, with buffer distances of 100 m, 500 m, 1000 m and 2000 m in sequence. The results show that through the confusion matrix and ROC curve test, the accuracy of the model increases first and then decreases with the increase of buffer distance. Both RF and FR-RF models have the highest accuracy when the buffer distance is 1000 m, and the accuracy of the RF model is generally higher than that of the FR-RF model under the same buffer distance. Similar attribute values of positive samples and randomly selected negative samples or "extreme" attribute values of negative samples are the main reasons for the differences in evaluation results of different buffer distances. According to the weight analysis of causative factors, the distance from road, the distance from river and the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) are the main factors affecting the occurrence of hazards. The high and very high susceptibility areas in the study area are mainly distributed on both sides of roads and water systems, which are the key areas for hazard prevention and reduction. The HMC of RF-1000m decreased by 3.55% on average compared with other models. The results of this study improve the accuracy of geological hazard susceptibility assessment, maintain the safety of ecological environment, and provide a scientific basis for the selection of buffer distance index in local and surrounding areas in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work refers to the design of a specific procedure, so that it constitutes a methodology, in the process of evaluation and analysis of non-constructive and assembly investments with the insertion of technological components in the province of Villa Clara, and in this way fill a gap within the regulatory activity of the Office of Regulation and Environmental Safety (ORSA) of said province. In the same way, broaden the spectrum of its specialists and promote multidisciplinary work based on decision-making when granting the technological opinion, as a governing document in the authorization process. On the other hand, it forces the specialist to carry out a constant study and self-preparation for the correct Integral Technological Assessment and thus provide a quality service, not only due to the vertiginous advance of technology in the world but in the current modifications suffered by the current environmental legislation. For all of the above, this work aims to guarantee the necessary methods to carry out the environmental regulatory activity effectively, and guide the work of the respective officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrated farming system (IFS) is a holistic farming approach specially designed for small/marginal farmers to enhance the system productivity, profitability, and employment generation of their farm, ultimately ensuring their food and nutrition security for their livelihood. The mechanism of IFS offers various ecosystem services making farms environment‐friendly, sustainable, and climate‐resilient. IFS is characterized by the allocation of different agricultural components systematically in a single farm performing synergistically among themselves making the farm more productive, healthy, biodiversity enriched, and eco‐friendly than simplified farms. Therefore, this review paper represents an extensive analysis of existing literature on IFS exploring its concept, components, and need, and emphasizing its potential for higher system productivity, profitability, and employment generation in a sustainable manner. Moreover, it develops a conceptualization of the relationship among different agricultural components in a single farm exploring its role in ecosystem services (reducing greenhouse gases, carbon sequestration, nutrient recycling, improving soil health, and biodiversity conservation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia's military aggression against Ukraine has led to the destruction of natural resources, ecosystems, and infrastructure. These actions have violated international principles of environmental safety. The hostilities have caused serious damage to nature reserves, wetlands, and soil. Air and water pollution have a transboundary effect. Russia's actions threaten future generations and the climate. That is why the creation of a mechanism to ensure environmental safety is an urgent problem for world civilization. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the criminal responsibility for ecocide in the context of Russia's military aggression and identify the existing legislative problems in this area and ways to overcome them. The methodology of the study of ecocide and its connection with Russia's military aggression includes analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, dialectic, analytics, analogy, abstraction, and generalization. These methods help to reveal the essence of the problem, establish legal norms, and develop recommendations and priorities for regulating ecocide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecocide, an illegal act that causes serious damage to the environment, has become one of the greatest threats to the planet. Ukraine, which has recently been exposed to ecocide, strives to bring the perpetrators to justice by applying to international judicial bodies and creating mechanisms for collecting evidence. Ecocide should be included in the list of crimes against humanity and properly regulated at the international level, which will contribute to the preservation of the environment and human security. The purpose of this article is to define the crime of ecocide under international humanitarian law, apply it to the conflict in Ukraine, and discuss possible international mechanisms for bringing to justice those who have committed ecocide. This paper showcases Ukraine's legal and factual basis for holding Russia accountable for ecocide, which includes the destruction of natural resources, water and air pollution and actions that could result in environmental catastrophes. This paper emphasizes the importance of filing lawsuits with international bodies, international cooperation, public engagement, and resource mobilization for effective prosecution. Ukraine's commitment to environmental protection through the pursuit of ecocide accountability is of global significance for the preservation of the planet and well-being of future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are extensively using synthetic plastic products for multiple life purposes. Non-degradability of these products affected the nature and extremely harms the environment. Herein, biodegradable membranes with different ratios of chitosan/starch waste have been prepared. These membranes have been submitted for in vitro enzymatic biodegradation followed by examination by SEM, FTIR, Raman scattering spectral analyses, surface roughness measurement, degree of swelling, and contact angle. The obtained membranes showed biodegradability significant features which increased by increasing starch ratio and has been confirmed by the formation of holes that were demonstrated by SEM micrographs. Both of surface roughness and water uptake values of the prepared membranes have been increased in all prepared membranes after the enzymatic treatment to the maximum measured value of 0.87 µm and 200%, respectively. However, water contact angle values of the prepared membranes have been decreased after the enzymatic treatment to reach 25 θ as the lowest measured value. These results suggest the application of chitosan-blended starch membranes as alternatives for petroleum plastics with more environmental safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The work proposes a method of monitoring the condition of surface water bodies that were subject to the influence of aviation industry enterprises, by studying the contamination of bottom sediments. Using the example of petroleum hydrocarbons - specific pollutants of aviation enterprises, the author proved that bottom sediments are an integral indicator of the level of man-made pollution, an indicator of the ecological safety level of hydroecosystems. The calculated coefficients of bottom accumulation indicate the progressive pollution of the reservoir and the accumulation of the main mass of pollutants in the bottom sediments. The results of studies of the small river, that flows along the airline, show that the bottom sediments belong to the category of “extremely polluted”. The structural and functional properties of bottom sediments enable us to state that, on the one hand, they contribute to the process of self-purification of the water environment by accumulating oil products, but on the other hand, bottom sediments represent a danger to the water column secondary pollution, since when physical and chemical conditions change, pollutants from the bottom sediments can pass into the water masses of the reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the use of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies in the provision of quality training for seafarers, particularly in the context of innovations to ensure environmental sustainability. The authors review the current training provisions for seafarers and highlight the need for a more environmentally conscious approach to it. The advantages of using VR in Maritime Education and Training (MET) are listed in the research (e.g. creation of highly realistic simulations; a safe and controlled environment; no risk of injury or damage to equipment; repetitive practice; environmental sustainability). They then discuss the advantages of using VR in training scenarios and explore how this technology can be used to provide high-quality training that promotes sustainable practices. The article provides a detailed analysis of the different VR applications that can be used to develop seafarers' knowledge in relation to green sustainability including modelling energy-efficient navigation, prevention of marine pollution from ships and waste management. The paper concludes that the use of VR technologies in seafarers' training can promote the development of sustainable practices in marine industry and contribute to a more environmentally conscious approach to shipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For effective waste management of mining industries is important to investigate their physical and mineralogical changes. For this purpose, X-ray-diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) methods were used. Changes in the contents of mobile forms of heavy metals in rocks were investigated using an acetate-ammonium buffer solution with a pH of 4.8 after burning rocks at a temperature of 800-850°C. The obtained data indicated the significant role of the mineral composition in the thermal behavior of the rock samples and the subsequent influence of the thermal processes on the changes in the bioavailability of heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contributing factors to occurrences of workplace violence (WPV) vary based on the setting and clientele. While no workplace can be guaranteed free from potential violence, research shows that agencies and creative arts therapists (CATs) can use preventative measures to increase workplace safety. To illustrate the impact of WPV, three CATs share their experiences of being assaulted by clients and, based on best practices, eight protective factors are presented. These factors are: staff relationships, culture of safety, clear reporting and communication, environmental safety, training, duty to protect, resilience, and follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the introduction and expansion of ICT, there has been an increase in e-waste and the environmental safety on e-waste. An empirical study was conducted in Benin City using a well-designed questionnaire distributed among university college students in higher education, telecommunication providers, civil servants, computer dealers, computer technicians, and e-waste collectors in order to suggest a framework for e-waste management and the environmental safety of these e-waste on the health of the people living in such area where they are found. Averages of four hundred respondents have been surveyed. The data was analyzed using SPSS, and the findings show that the human eye is inadequate for e-waste management and environmental safety tools. The findings also revealed a well-known horrible way of thinking closer to the safety of statistics in damaged systems, owing primarily to a lack of information and the inconveniences associated with it. To address this, a framework and a functional online net web site have improved, which are based on reputation and sensitization of e-waste management and environmental safety of e-waste disposal. This tool has been suggested as a proper e-waste management and environmental safety tool.

This study assessed the possibility of using wood as a building material for the construction of houses. A comprehensive method was used, which consisted of analysing environmental management regulations, applying the life cycle assessment method to minimise the carbon footprint; using software to calculate the carbon footprint of a wooden house at different stages of the life cycle. The object of study is the carbon footprint of a house built of wood. The Life Cycle Assessment method was used as a methodology for assessing the life cycle. Using the One Click Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost software, the carbon footprint of a log house was calculated for the product life cycle stage mentioned above (A1-A3). When calculating the carbon footprint of wood-based building materials, carbon emissions were taken into account not only from the finished products, but also from all other products obtained as a result of logging. When calculating the carbon footprint, greenhouse gas emissions from all activities are estimated. We have obtained data on the life cycle cost of a wooden house in terms of electricity use. Accordingly, we obtained a value of global warming potential (A1-A3) of 0.51 kg CO2 e/kWh. We also obtained data on the life cycle cost of a wooden house in terms of diesel consumption. According to the results of the LCA, the value of the global warming potential due to meeting the water supply/sewage needs is (A1-A3) 0.69 kg CO2 e/m3. The value of the global warming potential due to meeting the heat supply needs of production needs is (A1- A3) 0.13 kg CO2 e/kWh. Based on the information obtained, we can conclude that it is advisable to use a wooden log house as a building material, as the carbon footprint is smaller than that of a brick building. The final section presents the results of calculating the life cycle cost of a wooden house by discount factor and inflation, the results of the life cycle cost of a wooden house by percentage of energy costs, and the results of assessing the life cycle cost of a wooden house (displaying parameters according to the European energy certification scale). Based on the carbon footprint assessment (using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology), economic comparison (Life Cycle Cost and total construction costs), and expert assessment (based on technical and ergonomic parameters) of the two construction technologies, the feasibility and possibility of using wood as a building material was established. The study proves the feasibility of applying the LCA method in the construction industry.

It is determined that resolving waste reduction and disposal issues plays a crucial role in implementing the concept of sustainable development in individual countries. However, developing a waste management mechanism requires adequate information. The influence of various types of economic activities in Ukraine on waste formation is investigated in the pre-war period. It is assumed that these factors will remain relevant for Ukraine in the post-war period. To quantify the impact of various factors on waste generation in Ukraine, statistical data were used, and a multiple regression econometric model with partial elasticity coefficients was constructed. The calculations helped us establish that the determining factors influencing waste generation in Ukraine in the pre-war period were waste from the mining industry and quarry development and the processing industry. Ensuring waste reduction, disposal, and recycling in these sectors requires a comprehensive approach and cooperation from all parties. To achieve this goal, it is essential to combine technological innovations, environmental awareness among workers, and appropriate legislative initiatives. Recommended measures have been developed to reduce waste levels in various sectors of the economy at both the national and enterprise levels.

The concept of a circular economy in the world arose in response to growing consumption and, as a result, to the accumulation of a mass of waste that cannot be quickly processed in the natural environment and has a harmful effect on the environment. The introduction of a circular economy along with the modernization of production will provide Ukrainian society with double benefits. First, the reuse of already consumed resources allows you to obtain significant benefits both in terms of savings in their purchase and in reducing the costs of waste disposal. Secondly, the burden on the environment is reduced and the problems of waste disposal are solved, which positively affects the country’s ecosystem.

A relevant issue of environmental law in Ukraine is the total violation of environmental human rights and the lack of guarantees for their restoration, as well as the imperfection of the procedure for bringing violators to justice. Since Ukraine is an active participant in international relations in the field of environmental protection, and the basic principles of foreign policy are enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine, an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights may be a way to defend the violated rights to a clean environment. The study aims to examine the issue of environmental rights protection in the European Court of Justice. The study is based on the following methods of scientific cognition: formal legal, dogmatic, and comparative legal. The author analyses international legislation in the field of environmental rights protection. The author notes that environmental problems are borderless, and therefore, their overcoming requires all countries to join forces and share experiences. As stated, the issue of environmental protection and environmental security is becoming geopolitical in nature, given the international cooperation in the field of environmental protection which began more than 100 years ago. The author shows the signs of ensuring the implementation of the environmental rights of citizens both in Ukraine and abroad. Examples of effective international cooperation in the field of environmental protection are given. The author analyses the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in cases related to the subject matter of the study. It is determined that when making a decision, national courts should adhere to the criteria set out by the European Court of Human Rights; find out how a certain situation arose; whether the State knew and should have known that the danger or harmful effect would affect the applicant’s private life; to what extent the applicant contributed to the deterioration of the situation and was able to remedy it without excessive costs. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in specialised classes, as well as in the preparation of scientific texts

The relevance of the problem under study is determined by the need to create a sustainable, efficient and environmentally safe energy complex. The growth of the world population, industrial development, and overall energy demand endanger the provision of society’s energy needs, making the need for research urgent at the present time. The purpose of the study is to examine optimal energy optimisation strategies, including alternative energy, compensation of reactive power, and energy efficiency management, to ensure the stable and efficient functioning of the energy complex. Among the methods used, analytical, classification, functional, statistical, and synthesis methods were applied. In investigating the optimisation of energy solutions, a thorough analysis of various aspects of alternative energy, reactive power compensation, and energy efficiency management was conducted. This analysis encompassed various aspects and parameters related to these areas, including technical, economic, and environmental indicators. As a result of the study, it was established that alternative energy has significant potential for ensuring sustainable development of the energy system. It can serve as a reliable source of energy that does not harm the environment and is not dependent on limited resources. In addition, reactive power compensation was recognised as an effective way to avoid energy losses in the system. This strategy helps to ensure more efficient energy use and reduce losses during transmission and distribution. Energy efficiency management also proved to be a key aspect in achieving energy supply sustainability. This allows optimising resource utilisation, reducing energy costs, and mitigating the negative impact on the environment. The practical value of the study lies in the development of innovative recommendations and strategies for energy optimisation, which will contribute to the creation of a stable, efficient, and environmentally safe energy complex and enhance its compliance with current and future challenges, making a considerable contribution to the development of science and the energy sector

Purpose: to identify the most suitable measures aimed at achieving the rational use of brackish and low-mineralized water resources for the Republic of Crimea, based on an analysis of foreign and domestic experience in ensuring the environmental safety of irrigation with limitedly suitable waters. Discussion: during the study, a review of foreign and domestic developments to reduce (prevent) the negative impact of irrigation with limitedly suitable water resources on soil and crops and an analysis of approaches, implemented in the Crimean region, aimed at ensuring environmental safety of using brackish and low-mineralized waters in irrigated agriculture was carried out. It has been found that the main technological solutions aimed at reducing the negative impact of using limitedly suitable water in agriculture include: determining the maximum permissible mineralization of irrigation water from an ecological and economic point of view, reducing irrigation rates, selecting effective agronomic practices, justification the irrigation method and preliminary water treatment, carrying out washing with fresh water, forecasting and modeling of the water-salt regime. The first four approaches are mainly used in the Republic of Crimea. In general, their use makes it possible to prevent a significant decrease in crop yields and the intensive development of soil degradation processes. Conclusions: to ensure the environmental safety of irrigation with limitedly suitable waters, approaches that include the use of water resources with mineralization up to 3 g/l in combination with water-saving irrigation methods, reduction of irrigation rates and the application of chemical ameliorants, it is advisable to supplement with annual water quality and soil condition monitoring, as well as to provide for forecasting the salt regime of the fertile layer in the future.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Geopolitical risks have made significant changes in the integration ties between the countries of Central Asia, which has affected the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex and food security. The adoption of urgent measures to improve food security, on the one hand, is a necessary condition for the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but on the other hand, it can lead to a decrease in the level of environmental security in the country if the possible consequences in the reintegration process are not considered. Therefore, this article aimed to examine the sustainable agriculture practices implemented in Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex to improve food security and reduce the environmental impact of agriculture.METHODS: To collect information, a mixed research strategy combining qualitative and quantitative methods was used. The collection of information was carried out in the summer of 2022 and consisted of three stages. In the first stage, statistical information was collected; in the second stage, a correlation analysis was carried out; and in the third stage, a survey of 40 experts was conducted.FINDING: The data obtained indicate that the efficiency of Kazakhstan’s agricultural production strongly and directly depends on the level of the country’s integration into the united Eurasian Economic Union market. Due to the geographical features of Kazakhstan’s location, it is necessary to develop areas that are primarily focused on the internal capabilities of the country. Internal changes will help the industry increase international competitiveness and efficiency while promoting sustainable development and ensuring food security and environmental safety.CONCLUSION: The article determined that it is necessary to prioritize developing multilateral partnerships to address transportation and logistics challenges in the export and import of agricultural products, and reduce dependence on the import of seeds, breeding products, fodder, and agricultural machinery. However, to effectively promote these areas, it is necessary to improve food security through the introduction of sustainable agriculture practices, such as crop diversification, conservation agriculture, integrated pest management, and drip irrigation.

Vaccination is an essential method of immunological preventive care required for the health management of all animals, including fish. More particularly, immunization is necessary for in-land aquaculture to manage diseases in fish broodstocks and healthy seed production. According to the latest statistics in 2020, 90.3 million tons of capture fishery production was achieved from the aquaculture sector. Out of the above, 78.8 million tons were from marine water aquaculture sectors, and 11.5 million tons were from inland water aquaculture sectors. About a 4% decline in fish production was achieved in 2020 in comparison to 2018 from inland aquaculture sectors. On the other hand, the digestive protein content, healthy fats, and nutritional values of fish products are comparatively more affordable than in other meat sources. In 2014, about 10% of aquatic cultured animals were lost (costing global annual losses > USD 10 billion) due to infectious diseases. Therefore, vaccination in fish, especially in broodstocks, is one of the essential approaches to stop such losses in the aquaculture sector. Fish vaccines consist of whole-killed pathogens, protein subunits, recombinant proteins, DNA, or live-attenuated vaccines. Challenges persist in the adaption of vaccination in the aquaculture sector, the route of administration, the use of effective adjuvants, and, most importantly, the lack of effective results. The use of autogenous vaccines; vaccination via intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or oral routes; and, most importantly, adding vaccines in feed using top dressing methods or as a constituent in fish feed are now emerging. These methods will lower the risk of using antibiotics in cultured water by reducing environmental contamination.

The Arctic Zone of Russia (AZR), due to its significant potential, for the implementation of which infrastructure projects and strategic plans are envisaged, is of great importance for the country. Particular attention is paid to the transport and related infrastructure development. The implementation of such projects requires the creation and implementation of modern integrated solutions based on new technical and technological solutions. The development of new territories is accompanied by problems such as urbanization and the disruption of ecosystems, which will have a particularly negative impact on the Arctic zone. The situation is complicated by the fact that the work must be carried out in difficult conditions, which are associated with a large number of risks, including environmental ones. Currently, many types of businesses are characterized by a transition to the implementation of the concepts of green and blue economy, as well as ESG principles when building strategic development plans that include risk reduction. Achieving this goal is possible through an environmental risk management system. To create a suchlike system, it is necessary to identify the most significant risk characteristics of each type of activity, taking into account their negative impact on the environment, after which it will be possible to plan measures to either prevent risks or minimize their consequences. Taking into account the above, we plan to develop the concept of an environmental risk management system (ERMS) as part of the region’s development strategy implementation. To reach this purpose, identifying the main groups of environmental risks depending on the danger source based on the scientific article review results, systematizing concepts aimed at improving the environmental situation under different types of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, developing an algorithm for implementing an environmental risk management system depending on the risk type, and proposing a concept for building an environmental risk management system are needed. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the main directions of negative anthropogenic impact on the environment are systematized, and possible ways to reduce environmental risks are outlined. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that when implementing such a system, it will be possible to manage not only risks of a certain category, but also monitor the situation as a whole, identifying the consequences for related areas.

The detection of pathogens in medical wastewater is crucial due to the high content of pathogenic microorganisms that pose significant risks to public health and the environment. Medical wastewater, which includes waste from infectious disease and tuberculosis facilities, as well as comprehensive medical institutions, contains a variety of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Traditional detection methods like nucleic acid detection and immunological assays, while effective, are often time-consuming, expensive, and not suitable for rapid detection in underdeveloped areas. Electrochemical biosensors offer a promising alternative with advantages including simplicity, rapid response, portability, and low cost. This paper reviews the sources of pathogens in medical wastewater, highlighting specific bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus), viruses (e.g., enterovirus, respiratory viruses, hepatitis virus), parasites, and fungi. It also discusses various electrochemical biosensing techniques such as voltammetry, conductometry, impedance, photoelectrochemical, and electrochemiluminescent biosensors. These technologies facilitate the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of pathogens, thereby supporting public health and environmental safety. Future research may should pay more attention on enhancing sensor sensitivity and specificity, developing portable and cost-effective devices, and innovating detection methods for diverse pathogens to improve public health protection and environmental monitoring.

The circular economy and the clean-energy transition are inextricably linked and interdependent. One of the most important areas of the energy transition is the development of hydrogen energy. This study aims to review and systematize the data available in the literature on the environmental and economic parameters of hydrogen storage and transportation technologies (both mature and at high technological readiness levels). The study concluded that salt caverns and pipeline transportation are the most promising methods of hydrogen storage and transportation today in terms of a combination of all parameters. These methods are the most competitive in terms of price, especially when transporting hydrogen over short distances. Thus, the average price of storage will be 0.35 USD/kg, and transportation at a distance of up to 100 km is 0.3 USD/kg. Hydrogen storage underground in a gaseous state and its transportation by pipelines have the least consequences for the environment: emissions and leaks are insignificant, and there is no environmental pollution. The study identifies these methods as particularly viable given their lower environmental impact and potential for seamless integration into existing energy systems, therefore supporting the transition to a more sustainable and circular economy.