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Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 56 años que ingresó al hospital por una historia caracterizada por decaimiento, constipación, fractura reciente de radio, hipercalcemia de 18 mg/dl, hipofosfemia de 1,2 meq/ dl y elevación de paratohormona de 995 pg/ml. Además, presentaba un nódulo tiroídeo de 6 cm. Posterior al tratamiento médico de la hipercalcemia, se realizó el tratamiento quirúrgico con el diagnóstico definitivo de hiperplasia paratiroídea multiglandular con una de ellas en ubicación intratiroídea. We report a 56 years old female, admitted to the hospital for the study of general weakness, constipation, a recent radial fracture, hypercalcemia of 18 mg/dl, hypophosphatemia of 1.2 meq/dl and a serum parathormone (PTH) of 995 pg/ml. A thyroid ultrasound disclosed a nodule of 6 cm diameter. Following emergency management and normalization of the hypercalcemia, that patient was subjected to a total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. The pathological study of the surgical piece showed a multiglandular hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. One of these was located inside the left thyroid lobe.

To compare the consequences of water hardness on canning of dry beans, baked beans were prepared using water that contained 70 or 260 ppm calcium for soaking/blanching of navy beans and in the preparation of a tomato sauce for brine. Another factor examined for this project involved increasing the initial temperature of the canned beans prior to thermal processing by eliminating the cooling step after blanching. In general, if the initial temperature prior to thermal processing can be increased, the process time (Bb) is generally decreased. However, when the initial temperature of these baked beans was increased by this method, the process time increased in comparison to the time for beans that were cooled after blanching. In examining the water hardness, the beans, which had been cooled after blanching, processed with an increased CaCO3 demonstrated a decreased process time (Fo = 5.3) in comparison to those beans processed with a lower CaCO3. In one instance, the process time was decreased by 12% due to the presence of calcium possibly due to decreased gelatinization, physical restriction of swelling, reduced solubility of pectin, starch, and protein in the brine solution; consequently, these actions would increase the heat transfer in the food during thermal processing. Based on these investigations, water hardness should be considered an important parameter when performing heat-processing determinations and in the transference of heating data from one site to another.

Kidney and navy beans were given different soaking/blanching treatments and canned in 300 × 407 and 603 × 700 cans with each container receiving equal amounts of dry weight of that bean. The process time (Bb) for kidney beans decreased as the amount of moisture in the beans increased. For both kidney and navy beans soaked for 2 h, the process time decreased when the fill weight was increased by 12 and 8%, respectively. For 0 and 2 h soaked kidney beans, the drained weights after processing were statistically the same even though the kidney beans soaked for 2 h had a moisture level 3.3-fold greater. Comparing 2 h soaked beans with fully soaked, blanched beans, the process time increased significantly for fully soaked, blanched beans by 9 and 46% for beans in 300 × 407 can and 603 × 700 can, respectively. The operation of blanching tended to lower the process time and drained weight of navy beans.

The impulse that led to the development of this idea is based largely on information gathered concerning exports of country, where exports of this product as a raw material are considerable, the United States and Spain being the main buyers. All this leads to the hypothes is that this product (currant juice) can be exploited efficiently in our country, if you have the necessary funding as well as the correct use of tools of marketing, finance and economics. This Project is conducted in order to make a study of the level of market acceptance of Guayaquil to the juice made out of an exotic fruit (currants), and charged with carrying out a plan to promote sustainable development of the Project not only from the financial stand point, also environmental and social, for all that the Project may help turn the country’s development with able jobs in addition to promoting exports of the same.

During development, progenitor cells of the retina give rise to six principal classes of neurons and the Müller glial cells found within the adult retina. The pancreas transcription factor 1 subunit a (Ptf1a) encodes a basic-helix–loop–helix transcription factor necessary for the specification of horizontal cells and the majority of amacrine cell subtypes in the mouse retina. The Ptf1a-regulated genes and the regulation of Ptf1a activity by transcription cofactors during retinogenesis have been poorly investigated. Using a retrovirus-mediated gene transfer approach, we reported that Ptf1a was sufficient to promote the fates of amacrine and horizontal cells from retinal progenitors and inhibit retinal ganglion cell and photoreceptor differentiation in the chick retina. Both GABAergic H1 and non-GABAergic H3 horizontal cells were induced following the forced expression of Ptf1a. We describe Ptf1a as a strong, negative regulator of Atoh7 expression. Furthermore, the Rbpj-interacting domains of Ptf1a protein were required for its effects on cell fate specification. Together, these data provide a novel insight into the molecular basis of Ptf1a activity on early cell specification in the chick retina.

Se presenta el caso de una lactante de 11 meses con antecedentes de reflujo gastroesofágico y hernia hiatal que ingresa electivamente a la Sección de Cirugía Pediátrica, con el objetivo de realizar una fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica. En el intraoperatorio se detecta una malformación en el tercio distal del esófago. En las imágenes realizadas previamente no se observó una alteración compatible. La lesión fue resecada y luego analizada en anatomía patológica, confirmándose el diagnóstico de una duplicación esofágica. We report an 11-month infant case, who consults electively to perform a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, given her background of gastro-esophageal reflux and hiatal hernia. Intraoperatively, a malformation of the distal third of the esophagus was found. The preoperative images showed no evidence of the lesión. The lesión was resected and sent to anatomopathologic analysis, confirming the diagnosis.

We have applied the effective potential formalism to a simple one-dimensional model of a ferroelectric crystal. The method incorporates quantum effects into a partition function of classical form, which greatly simplifies the calculation. Our results for the nature of the phase transitions, the transition temperatures, and the temperature dependence of the ordering parameter, are all in very good agreement with a full quantum mechanical calculation. Pacs 63.70, 77.80, 64.60.C

The NATO Frigate Replacement for the 1990s (NFR-90) Project was a unique approach to naval ship design and acquisition. It would have been the first U.S. Navy surface combatant primarily designed by an international organization. The project was prematurely terminated in January 1990. Nevertheless, a significant amount of work had been completed; the basic design of the ship was firmly established by a preliminary design, the combat system was thoroughly studied, and the economics of the program were well established. This paper describes the project, the technical aspects of the ship and combat system design, its innovative features and significant economic advantages

We are currently performing Monte Carlo calculations to determine the equation of state of magnesium oxide and related materials. Initially a rigid-ion model was used, but we are presently applying the potential induced breathing model. This has the important advantages of being a first-principles based model which predicts a many-body deviation from the Cauchy relation.

Objectives: To design and implement of PCR method for sensitivity and specific detection of M. tuberculosis oriented to opportune and correctly diagnosis of tuberculosis by the application on clinical specimens. Material an methods: Specific oligonucleotides for the amplification of a fragment of 318pb after a multiple alignment of sequences REP13E12 were designed. The PCR method was standarize and also the analytical and diagnostic sensibility and specifity was evaluate; using clinical samples with smear or culture diagnosis positive and negative. Results: The REP13E12-PCR detected up to 100 fg of genomic DNA. It was specific for the detection of complex M. tuberculosis and able to distinguish them of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. This preliminary evaluation provided 100% of sensitivity and specificity in sputum samples of patients with TB diagnosis. Conclusions: The REP13E12 amplification by PCR is an alternative method for the rapid diagnosis of patients with TB, especially for cases which difficult or unclear diagnosis by the gold standard technique. Objetivos: Diseñar e implementar un método de PCR para la detección sensible y específica de M. tuberculosis , orientado al oportuno diagnóstico de la tuberculosis mediante su adecuada aplicación en muestras clínicas. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñaron oligonucleótidos específicos para la amplificación de un fragmento de 318pb luego de una alineación múltiple de secuencias REP13E12 de M. tuberculosis . Se realizó la estandarización del método de PCR y se evaluó la sensibilidad y especificidad diagnóstica utilizando muestras clínicas con diagnóstico baciloscópico y cultivo. Resultados: El REP13E12-PCR detectó hasta 100 fg de ADN genómico, fue específico para la detección del complejo M. tuberculosis y capaz de distinguirlos de micobacterias atípicas. Esta evaluación preliminar proporcionó 100% de sensibilidad y especificidad en muestras clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de TB. Conclusiones: La amplificación de REP13E12 mediante PCR es una alternativa para el diagnóstico rápido de pacientes con TB, especialmente en casos cuyo diagnóstico pueda ser dificultoso o poco claro mediante el uso de los métodos convencionales.

We present and discuss a physics demonstration, similar to, but distinct from, the ballistic-pendulum demonstration, one that illustrates all three conservation laws of mechanics (for energy, momentum, and angular momentum) simultaneously.

We investigated false recognition across languages using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. A group of English-French bilinguals studied lists of converging associates, some lists in English and some in French, and then performed a recognition test containing studied list items and nonstudied critical lures whose language matched or mismatched the language at study. Participants were instructed to answer old only if the test cue was in the same language as the studied word. The results yielded a robust false memory rate both within-language and across-languages. The effect of the study-test language shift was much larger for list items than for critical lures. This finding suggests that memory representations for critical lures contain primarily semantic gist traces and little surface information, and hence is more consistent with the fuzzy trace view than with the implicit associative response view. In sum, the study demonstrates the existence of false memory across languages, and provides information about the memory traces underlying veridical and illusory recognition.

The aims of this study were to compare the mean shear-peel bond strength and predominant site of bond failure of micro-etched orthodontic bands cemented with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Fuji Ortho LC or 3M Multi-Cure), a modified composite or a conventional GIC. The survival time of bands was also assessed following simulated mechanical stress in a ball mill. One hundred and twenty molar bands were cemented to extracted human third molars. Eighty bands (20 cemented with each cement) were used to assess the debonding force and 40 bands (10 cemented with each cement) were used to determine survival time. The specimens were prepared in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions for each cement. After storage in a humidor at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, the shear debonding force was assessed for each specimen using a Nene M3000 testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The predominant site of band failure was recorded visually for all specimens as either at the band/cement or cement/enamel interface. Survival time was assessed following application of mechanical stress in a ball mill. There was no significant difference in mean shear-peel bond strength between the cement groups (P = 0.816). The proportion of specimens failing at each interface differed significantly between cement groups (P < 0.001). The predominant site of bond failure for bands cemented with the RMGIC (Fuji Ortho LC) or the modified composite was at the enamel/cement interface, whereas bands cemented with 3M Multi-Cure failed predominantly at the cement/band interface. Conventional GIC specimens failed mostly at the enamel/cement interface. The mean survival time of bands cemented with either of the RMGICs or with the modified composite was significantly longer than for those cemented with the conventional GIC. The findings indicate that although there appears to be equivalence in the mean shear-peel bond strength of the band cements assessed, the fatigue properties of the conventional GIC when subjected to simulated mechanical stress seem inferior to those of the other cements for band cementation.

We present a review of lattice dynamics to provide the underpinnings for the study of nonlinear localized modes, the so-called breathers. After a historical survey we address the following topics: harmonic theories, anharmonic perturbation theory, self-consistent theories, classical simulation techniques, path-integral theories, realistic crystal potentials, and intrinsic localized modes. We discuss both static and dynamic properties of crystals, e.g., neutron and x-ray scattering. We do not consider transport properties. Throughout, our emphasis is on discussing the major advances in the field and citing the appropriate references. Our aim is to achieve clarity and simplicity for readers who wish to move on to the study of breathers. We have made a special effort to set up the language and notation that is generally accepted in the field. In order to acquaint the reader with the techniques used in lattice dynamics we have analyzed a number of key problems in detail including a comparison with the available experimental data.

Objetivo: Detectar tempranamente la susceptibilidad a las drogas antituberculosas rifampicina e isoniacida mediante PCR y electroforesis conformacional. Materiales y métodos: Se implementaron dos ensayos de amplificación de los genes rpoB y katG y mediante Heteroduplex y SSCP se determinó la susceptibilidad antituberculosa de 31 muestras clínicas procedentes de pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar baciloscopía positiva. La caracterización fenotípica de la susceptibilidad, se realizó empleando el método de las proporciones. Resultados: Los ensayos de PCR detectaron hasta 2,5 pg de ADN genómico de M. tuberculosis; no amplificando ADN de otras micobacterias y bacterias comunes de la flora bucal. Se encontró una concordancia general entre la detección molecular y convencional de la susceptibilidad a rifampicina e isoniacida de 96,7% y 83,9% (p

Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 16 años con un tumor de células de Sertoli y Leydig del ovario en etapa I tratado con cirugía exclusiva. Además, se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre este tipo de tumor We report a sixteen years-old patient with a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, stage I, treated with surgery alone. We also present a review of the literature on this type of tumor

The matrix for the noise-adjusted principal components (NAPC) transform is the solution of a generalized symmetric eigenvalue problem. Applied to remote sensing imagery, this entails the simultaneous diagonalization of data and noise covariance matrices. One of the two PC transforms of the original NAPC transform is replaced by several short, fast procedures. The total operation count for the computation of the NAPC transform matrix is halved. >

Spinal cord metastases are an uncommon secondary location of a malignant neoplasm. They are rarely diagnosed during life and when that is the case, it is in the clinical setting of a disseminated cancer and very seldom as the first clinical manifestation. We report two patients, with no previous disease, who developed a progressive myelopathy. An intramedullary spinal cord tumor was diagnosed, based on the clinical picture and imaging studies. They were operated and biopsies showed spinal cord metastases whose primary tumor was a lung neoplasm. We discuss the clinical features in these patients, the diagnosis of progressive myelopathy in cancer patients, treatment and prognosis of this unusual secondary cancer location (Rev Méd Chile 2001; 129: 1445-8)

This study aimed to evaluate the mean shear bond strength of molar tubes with micro-etched bases bonded with either a compomer (Ultra Band-Lok), a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (3M Multi-Cure or Fuji Ortho LC), or a light-cured resin adhesive (Transbond). The amount of adhesive remaining on the tooth surface following tube removal was assessed also. Finally, survival time of molar tubes bonded with each bonding agent was assessed following simulated mechanical fatigue in a ball mill. A total of 120 extracted human third molars were collected and randomly divided into 4 test groups. Thirty teeth (20 to assess debonding force and 10 to assess survival time) were bonded with each adhesive according to the manufacturers' instructions. Debonding was carried out using a Nene M3000 testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The mean shear bond strength of tubes bonded with Transbond was significantly less than that of those bonded with 3M Multi-Cure (P = .0036) or Fuji Ortho LC (P.0001). Tubes bonded with Ultra Band-Lok also had significantly lower mean shear bond strength than those bonded with Fuji Ortho LC (P = .020). Distribution of adhesive remnant index scores only differed significantly between tubes bonded with 3M Multi-Cure or Transbond. Only I molar tube, bonded with Transbond, debonded in the ball mill at 5 hours, but at 50 hours there was no significant difference in the survival time of tubes bonded with any of the bonding agents. Compomer or resin-modified glass ionomer cements appear to be viable alternatives to light-cured resin adhesive for bonding molar tubes.

The association of hyperprolactinemia over 100 ng/ml and a pituitary adenoma is usually diagnostic of prolactinoma. However type 3 pituitary adenomas can occur with similar serum prolactin values. We report a 31 years old woman that consulted due to headache and photopsiae. She had a serum prolactin level of 148 ng/ml and imaging studies showed a solid tumor that occupied the selar region and most of the left temporal fossa. The tumor was partially resected and the patient recovered her lost visual field. Light microscopy showed an acidophilic and in part chromophobe adenoma. Immuno-histochemistry was positive for prolactin and growth hormone. Electron microscopy disclosed features of a silent type 3 adenoma such as big cells with cytoplasmic prolongations, pleomorphic nuclei and a greatly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. (Rev Med Chile 2001; 129: 295-8).

The association of hyperprolactinemia over 100 ng/ml and a pituitary adenoma is usually diagnostic of prolactinoma. However type 3 pituitary adenomas can occur with similar serum prolactin values. We report a 31 years old woman that consulted due to headache and photopsiae. She had a serum prolactin level of 148 ng/ml and imaging studies showed a solid tumor that occupied the selar region and most of the left temporal fossa. The tumor was partially resected and the patient recovered her lost visual field. Light microscopy showed an acidophilic and in part chromophobe adenoma. Immuno-histochemistry was positive for prolactin and growth hormone. Electron microscopy disclosed features of a silent type 3 adenoma such as big cells with cytoplasmic prolongations, pleomorphic nuclei and a greatly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. (Rev Med Chile 2001; 129: 295-8).

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses several formalisms to calculate the lattice dynamical properties of crystals. The original harmonic, or quasi-harmonic, formalism is valid only if the amplitudes of the atomic vibrations are small. For most materials, this restricts the method to low temperatures. For quantum crystals, the harmonic approximation is never satisfactory as the zero-point motion of the atoms is too large. Anharmonicity can be included through a perturbation expansion and this extends the temperature range over which the theory can be applied. However, the successive terms in the perturbation expansion become more and more complicated, and in some cases, the expansion appears to be only asymptotically convergent. Self-consistent phonon theories were originally devised to deal with the quantum crystals. The harmonic force constants are replaced by their averages calculated self-consistently over a trial set of harmonic oscillator functions. The theory can be shown to be equivalent to a summation of an infinite subset of the perturbation theory terms. A great triumph of the first order self-consistent phonon theory (SCI) is that it provides a physically reasonable starting point for the description of quantum crystals, such as helium.

The effective potential method has been developed over the last eight years, starting from an original simple approximation of Feynman’s [1]. A substantially better approximation was introduced by Riccardo Giachetti and Valerio Tognetti [2, 3] and by Feynman and Kleinert [4]. In both original and the improved methods, the partition function is obtained in a classical form but with an effective potential. The application to fairly realistic systems has been made by Tognetti and his co-workers, including Alessandro Cuccoli and Ruggero Vaia [7], and by our group at Rutgers, which has included Shudun Liu, Zizhong Zhu, Dominic Acocella, and Eugene Freidkin. We have shown that the use of this effective potential in a classical Monte Carlo calculation (EPMC) yields thermodynamic properties for the heavier inert-gas solids which agree closely at high temperatures with classical Monte Carlo results, at low temperatures with anharmonic perturbation theory, and succeed in interpolating smoothly between the two [8, 9, 10]. Here we shall first review the general idea of the method, and then we discuss two recent applications which test the applicability of the method further. Finally we shall speculate a little about the future prospects of the method.