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Molecular dynamic simulation trajectory files for AMPAR-apo, AMPAR-STOCK6S-10902, AMPAR-STOCK1N-49134, and AMPAR-STOCK5S-68665 complex. We set up four systems.Each system contains prmtop file, inpcrd file, and pdb files extracted from 50-ns production simulations.

Aiming at the current situation of remote data monitoring, the study uses the sensor network to realize automation of remote data monitoring. This monitoring system is developed by Internet of Things technology, software technology, network evaluation technology and so on. The system has the characteristics of data real-time processing, visualization, and alarm on abnormal occasion, and has the ability to monitor data remotely and automatically.

This paper develops a new method to deal with the problem of identifying the unknown source in the Poisson equation. We obtain the regularization solution by the Tikhonov regularization method with a super-order penalty term. The order optimal error bounds can be obtained for various smooth conditions when we choose the regularization parameter by a discrepancy principle and the solution process of the new method is uniform. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is effective and stable.

Based on the hierarchical summation method of elasticity theory, the comprehensive template model of land subsidence induced by dewatering of pit is put forward. According to the soils experience range of conversion relationship β (between deformation modulus E0 and compression modulus Es ), we can calculate upper and lower limits of Es. When the compression modulus Es is respectively taken upper and lower limit, the curve between falling groundwater values and sedimentation values can be taken in conditions of unit thickness different soils of different pore ratio. So the comprehensive template model is built. The example shows that the comprehensive template model can be effectively calculated land subsidence induced by dewatering of pit.

Based on analysis of nitrogen transfer process, indoor experiments of nitrogen sorption, adsorption and leaching are done to study on the migration and transformation pattern of nitrogen. The spatial and temporal variation of ammonium and nitrate in the soil column is got. The influencing factors of nitrogen migration and transformation are analyzed from the sources of waste and hydrogeologic conditions. Corresponding prevention and control methods of groundwater nitrogen pollution are put forward.

A theoretical method for investigating the inter-relation between the electronic and the molecular structures of a d(5) ion in a tetragonal ligand-field has been established on the basis of a 252 x 252 complete energy matrix. Using this method, the local structure parameters of the Fe3+-V-M system in AMF(3):Fe3+ crystals are determined by the experimental EPR spectra at T = 300 K. It is shown that, the local lattice structure around an octahedral Fe3+ center has a compression distortion along the crystalline axis in AMF(3):Fe3+ crystal. From our analysis, we also conclude that Delta R vs. 10(4)b(2)(0) is approximately linear for the Fe3+-V-M system in AMF(3):Fe3+ crystals. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Beggâ s funnel plot for the meta-analysis of rs13181. Supplementary material: The specific search strategy. (PDF 305 kb)

Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Kees Van, Duan, Mei-Jiao, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001. Zootaxa 3785 (3): 377-399, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3

Key to subgenera of the genus Polistes from China 1. Clypeus latero-dorsally extending far above the anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 1 a). Pronotal fovea absent (Fig. 1 b); mesepisternum without dorsal mesepisternal groove (Fig. 1 c) and epicnemial carina (Fig. 1 d)................ Polistella Ashmead, 1904 - Clypeus latero-dorsally extending not or somewhat far beyond the anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 2 aa). Pronotal fovea present (Fig. 2 bb); mesepisternum with dorsal episternal groove (Fig. 2 cc) or/and epicnemial carina (Fig. 2 dd)..................... 2 2. Pronotal carina lamellate ventrad to fovea (Fig. 3 a); parastigma (prestigma) [pa] of forewing more than 0.5x as long as the basal length of pterostigma [pt] (Fig. 3 b, b').............................................. Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 - Pronotal carina shortened or blunt, not lamellate below fovea (Fig. 4 aa); parastigma relatively short, less than or equal to the 0.5x length of pterostigma (Fig. 4 bb).................................................... Polistes Latreille, 1802, Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Kees Van, Duan, Mei-Jiao & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2014, An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001, pp. 377-399 in Zootaxa 3785 (3) on pages 378-379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/253064, {"references":["Ashmead, W. H. (1904) Descriptions of new genera and species of Hymenoptera from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 28 (1387), 127 - 158.","Kirby, W. & Spence, W. (1828) An Introduction to Entomology. Ed. 2, 5. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 731 pp.","Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere des Crustaces et des Insectes. Tome troisieme. F. Dufart, Paris, xii + 464 pp."]}

Polistes (Gyrostoma) jokahamae Radoszkowski, 1887 (Fig. 18) Polistes jokahamae Radoszkowski 1887: 435 (lectotype, ♀, designated by Kojima & Hagiwara 1998, "Jokahama", Honshu, Japan, deposited in Instytut Systemaryki i Ewolucji Zweirat, Krak��w). Polistes japonicus Cameron 1900: 417 (lectotype, ♀, designated by Kojima, 1997, Japan, deposited in Oxford. University Museum, Oxford, OUM). Primary junior homonym of Polistes japonicus de Saussure, 1858. Polistes jadwigae de Dalla Torre 1904: 70. Replacement name for Polistes japonicus Cameron, 1900. Synonymized under Polistes jokahamae Radoszkowski 1887 by Kojima & Hagiwara 1998: 249. Polistes perkinsii Kohl, 1908: 313. Material examined. China: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Museum Paris, suo du Tch�� Li, Chine, leg. P. Gaudissart), J. de Joannis, 1812 (MNHN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Museum paris, Shanghai, Chine, P. Serre, 1902 (MNHN); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Museum Paris, Kouyyang, Kouy-Tch��ou, P.P. Cavalerie et Fortunat, 1906 (MNHN); 3 ♀, Foochow, China, vi. 1935 (with handwritten numbers 1420, 1644, 1491), MS Yang, photographed by Jiangli Tan, 2012, under Polistes hebraeus Fabr. (RMNH); 5 ♀, handwritten round label: ���Amoy, China, Budding���, each with a label: ��� Polistes hebraeus F.��� (RMNH); 1 ♀, handwritten round label: ���Tibet, Felder���, with a label: ��� Polistes hebraeus F.��� (RMNH); 1 ♀, handwritten long label: ��� Polistes hebraeus F., ♀, Ning-po-fo���, with a label: ��� Polistes hebraeus F.��� (RMNH); 1 ♀, Nanking, China, 1923, N.A. Wood, with a handwritten label: ��� jadwigae, exch. UMMZ ��� (RMNH); 1 ♂, Nanking, China, Fa 11, 1923, N. A. Wood (RMNH); 1 ♀, China, Anders, labelled: Polistes jadwigae Dalla Torre, det. J.v.d. Vecht, 1966 (RMNH); 1 ♀, ���Kipa N. O. Szechuan, Sven Hedins exp. Ctr. Asien, Dr. Hummel���, ���green label: Riksmuseum Stockholm���, labelled: Polistes jadwigae D.T., det. J.v.d. Vecht, 1986 (RMNH); 1 ♀, Huajiachi, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 12.vii. 2010, JL Tan (ZJUH); 8 ♀, 4 ♂, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, viii. 2010, JL Tan (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Lincheng, Changxing, Zhejiang, 30.vii. 2010, JL Tan; 1 ♀, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 8.viii. 1981, no. 815124, Y Ma (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Lishui, Zhejiang, 12.vii. 1984, no. 846254, XR Chen (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Changzhu, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 27.v. 1985, no. 850741, LR Shen (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Xikou, Longyou, Zhejiang, viii. 1984, no. 845865, ZH Fu (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Shiwan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 19.v. 1985, no. 850314, JH He (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Xiamen, Fujian, 26���27.v. 1988, no. 883917, Y. Ma (ZJUH); 1 ♂, 5 ♀, Fuzhou, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, 13.x. 2011, LJ Cai (NWUM); 6 ♀, Panpu, Meicheng, Qianshan, Anhui, 536 m, 2.iii. 2010, GQ Zhang (GSFA); 2 ♀, Mt. Tianzhu, Qianshan, Anhui, 10.iii. 2011, ML Sheng (GSFA); 1 ♀, Yiyang, Jiangxi, 5.v. 1981 (GSFA); 1 ♀, Shenyang, Liaoning, 17.viii. 2010, L Jiang (NWUM); 10 ♀, 9 ♂,Shenyang, Liaoning, 1.ix. 2011, L Jiang (NWUM); 2 ♂, Xinglong, Liaoning, 9, 11.ix. 1984, Dang & Shu; 1 ♂, Dongyi, Dali, Shaanxi, 1.vii. 1980, (NWAM); 1 ♀, Yulin, Shaanxi, 24.viii. 1976 (NWAM); 1 ♀, Yangling, Shaanxi, 5.v. 1983 (NWAM); 17 ♀, SCAU campus (23 ˚ 9 ' 30 ���N 113 ˚ 21 ' 5 ���E), Guangzhou, Guangdong, S. China, c. 30 m, 4���7.vii. 2013, C van Achterberg & HY Chen (RMNH). Vietnam: 1 ♀, Hanoi, Indochina, v. Demange, iv��� v. 1917, largely yellow (RMNH). Malaysia: 1 ♀, Balabak Island, near Borneo, labelled: ���Museum Leiden, Polistes jadwigae D. T.?, det. J.v.d. Vecht, no. 23, ex. J.v.d. Vecht��� (RMNH). Japan: 1 ♀, Gribodo Yokohama, Japan (RMNH); 2 ♀, Japan, 8.v. 1961, L. Eisner (RMNH); 1 ♀, Giappone Pipitx, 82, with a label: ��� Polistes jadwigae DT.���, Det. J.v.d. Vecht, 1959 (RMNH); 1 ♀, R. van Veon, Kioe Sioe, Fukuoka, Japan, vi. 1945 (RMNH); 1 ♂, Hassett, Japan (handwritten round label), with two similar labels: ��� Polistes jadwigae DT.���, Det. J.v.d. Vecht, 1959 ��� (RMNH); 1 ♀, Hassett, Japan (handwritten round label), with a handwritten label: ��� Polistes hebraeus F. (RMNH); 1 ♀, Japan, Natamatsu, 31.v. 1908, Museum Paris, Exemplaire Comm, �� M. v.d. Vecht (RMNH); 3 ♀, 1 ♂, v. Siebold, Japan. (RMNH) Ins. 591478, 591497, 591586, 591587, each with a handwritten label: ��� Polistes hebaeus F. (RMNH); 1 ♀, Kadena A. F. B., Okinawa, 7.vi. 1962, S. M. Fullerton, labelled: Polistes jadwigae Dalla Torre, det. J.v.d. Vecht, 1979, and a handwritten label: ��� okinawensis ��� (RMNH); 1 ♀, Kadena A. F.B., Okinawa, 7.vi. 1962, SM Fullerton, with a label: Polistes okinawensis Mats + Uch., det. J.v.d. Vecht, 1963 (RMNH). French Polynesia: 2 ♀, Rikiten Isld., 16.xii. 1934, Crocke exped. Acc. 33813, Museum Leiden ex J.v.d. Vecht, labelled: Polistes jadwigae Dalla Torre, det. J.v.d. Vecht, 1979 (RMNH). Remarks. It is a common species widely distributed in China. It is not easy to separate the females on morphological characteristics from P. rothneyi without having males. However, the character of body colour generally works well: in P. jokahamae the body is black, with orange yellow markings and with reddish brown patches along the margin of markings especially along the bands of second to sixth metasomal tergites; in P. rothneyi the body is generally black with yellow markings. The stripes on the mesoscutum vary from narrow to wide. Generally the longitudinal yellow stripes on the propodeum present in the specimens from southern China (Fig. 18 C���D), while almost entirely absent in the specimens from northern China (Fig. 18 A���B). Some specimens especially females in the collections of MNHN and RMNH labelled as Polistes hebraeus Fabricius are misidentified. Liu (1937) listed P. macaensis var. perkinsii Kohl and P. jokahamae Radoszkowski. Lee (1985) included P. jokahamae, P. jadwigae and P. hebraeus, however, only based on minor colour differences according to the key. His identifications need to be reconfirmed. We concur with the synonymies listed by Carpenter (1996) and Kojima & Hagiwara (1998). Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hong Kong, Taiwan); India; Japan; Korea; Malaysia; Mongolia; Society Islands: Bora, Tahiti; Tuamotu Archipelago; introduced into Hawaii; Vietnam. (Lee 1985; Barth��l��my 2008, Carpenter, 1996 b)., Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Kees Van, Duan, Mei-Jiao & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2014, An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001, pp. 377-399 in Zootaxa 3785 (3) on pages 384-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/253064, {"references":["Radoszkowski, O. (1887) Hymenopteres de Koree. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 21 (3 - 4), 428 - 436.","Kojima, J. & Hagiwara, Y. (1998) Lectotype designation of four species and one form of the paper wasp genus Polistes LatreilIe, 1802, described from Japan, with notes on the scientific names of Japanese Polistes (Insecta: Hymenoptera; Vespidae, Polistinae). Natural History Bulletin of Ibaraki University, 2, 247 - 262.","Cameron, P. (1900) Descriptions of new genera and species of Hymenoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 410 - 419, 495 - 506, 530 - 539.","Kojima, J. (1997) Taxonomic notes on the social wasp in the Kanto Plain, central Japan (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Natural History Bulletin of Ibaraki University, 1, 17 - 44.","Dalla Torre, K. W. de (1904) Vespidae. Genera Insectorum, 19, 1 - 108.","Kohl, F. F. (1908) 7. Hymenopteren. In: Rechinger, K. (Ed.), Botanische und zoologische Ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen Forschungsreise nach den Samoa-Inseln, den Neuguinea-Archipel und Solomon-Inseln. Denkschrift der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 81, 306 - 317.","Liu, C. L. (1937) A bibliographic and synonymic catalogue of the Vespidae of China, with a cross-referring index for the genera and species. Peking Natural History Bulletin, II (Part 3), 205 - 232.","Lee, T. S. (1985) Fauna of China Economical Insect. Vol. 30. Vespoidea. China Science Press, Beijing, xii + 159 pp. [in Chinese]","Barthelemy, C. (2008) Provisional Guide to the Social Vespids of Hong Kong (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Online PDF. Available from: http: // insectahk. com (accessed 24 March 2014)","Carpenter, J. M. (1996 b) Distributional Checklist of Species of the Genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Polistini). American Museum Novitates, 3188, 1 - 39. Available from: http: // iunh 2. sci. ibaraki. ac. jp / wasp / list. html (accessed 21 November 2013)"]}

Polistes (Gyrostoma) rothneyi Cameron, 1900 (Figs 20���22) Polistes rothneyi Cameron 1900: 410 (♂, Bengal, India, deposited in OUM, Oxford). Polistes rufolineatus Cameron 1900: 411 (lectotype, ♂, designated by van der Vecht, 1964, Khasia Hills, Assam, India, deposited in BMNH, London). Synonymized under rothneyi Cameron, 1900 by van der Vecht, 1968: 102. Polistes rothneyi yayeyamae Matsumura 1908: 6, nom nudum (holotype, ♀, Ryukyu Isl., Japan), syn. nov. Polistes rothneyi grahami van der Vecht 1968: 104 (holotype, ♀, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, deposited in United States National Museum, Washington, DC), syn. nov. Polistes rothneyi hainanensis van der Vecht 1968: 106 (holotype, ♀, Nada, Hainan, China, deposited in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MCZ), syn. nov. Polistes rothneyi iwatai van der Vecht 1968: 104 (holotype, ♀, Takayama, Japan, deposited in MCZ, Cambridge), syn. nov. Polistes rothneyi gressitti van der Vecht 1968: 106 (holotype, ♀, Taihanroku, Taiwan, China, deposited in RMNH, Leiden), syn. nov. Polistes rothneyi tibetanus van der Vecht 1968: 102 (holotype, ♀, Tibet, China, deposited in RMNH, Leiden), syn. nov. Polistes rothneyi koreanus van der Vecht 1968: 104 (holotype, ♀, Seoul, Korea, deposited in University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor), syn. nov. Polistes rothneyi sikkimensis van der Vecht 1968: 102 (holotype, ♀, Sikkim, India, deposited in BMNH, London), syn. nov. Material examined. Southwest plateau group (Fig. 20): f. rothneyi: India: ♀, lectotype, Khasia Hills (P. rufolineatus Cameron, BM, type, no. 18.895 a) Cam. coll. 1901 - 137; 1 ♀, Shillong, 6.viii. 1903, 5.02 (RMNH); f. tibetanus: China: 1 ♀, paratype, Tibet, 1954 (RMNH).? f. A: 1 ♀, Deqing, Yunnan, 28 km SE (28.315 ˚N, 99.1252˚E), 21.vi. 2009, Blank, Liston & Taeger (SDEI). 2 ♀, Fugong, Yunnan, 24.viii. 2003, 20046637- 8, Q Li (ZJUH), 4 ♀, Ninglangningli, Lijiang, Yunnan, no. 20046553, - 6554, - 6556, - 6557, 23.viii. 2003, Q Li (ZJUH); 1 ♀, id., but 22.viii. 2004, no. 20046541, ZS Geng (ZJUH). Distribution. China (Yunnan, Tibet); India (Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim, Bihar, Assam, Meghalaya); Nepal. (Carpenter 1996 b) Common yellow-black group (Fig. 21): f. hainanensis (Hainan): China: ♀, paratype, Nodoa, Hainan, vi��� viii. 1935, L. Gressitt (RMNH). 1 ♀, Baisha (19 ˚ 13 'N, 109 ˚ 26 'E), Hainan, 202 m, 21.vii. 2011, no. hzs0700439, YH Zhong (CATAS); 1 ♀, Nanluo Village (19 ˚ 47 'N, 109 ˚ 63 'E), Nanyang, Hainan, 202 m, 6.vii. 2011, no. 0 7008, WJ Zhu (CATAS); 2 ♀, Jianfenling Nature Reserve (18 ˚ 44 ' 38 ���N 108 ˚ 50 ' 36 ���E), Hainan, 980���1150 m, 13���14.vii. 2013, C van Achterberg (RMNH). f. grahami: China: ♂, paratype, no. 663, Peiping, Hepei, China, 193, Liu (RMNH); 9 ♀, paratypes, Kuatun, Fukien, iii. 1946, Tschung, Sen (RMNH); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Museum Paris, Kouy-ch��ou, R��g. de Pin-fa, P��re Cavalerie, 1909 (MNHN); 1 ♀, Museum Paris, Kouyyang, Kouy-Tch��ou, PP Cavalerie et Fortunat, 1906 (MNHN); 2 ♀, Ts��-Kou, Yun-Nan (Mgr Soulie), R Oberth��r, 1898 (MNHN); 1 ♀, Rainforestry Path, Mt. Wuzhi, Hainan, China, 6.v. 2010, JL Tan (NWUM); 2 ♀, 5 ♂, Quannan, Jiangxi, 1.xii or 27.xi. 2010, SC Li (GSFA); 1 ♂, Yushan, Jiangxi, 1120 m, 20.vii. 1985; 1 ♀, Mt. Tianzhu, Qianshan, Anhui, 10.iii��� 11.iv. 2011, ML Sheng (GSFA); 1 ♀, Mt. Gutian, Kaihua, Zhejiang, 1���3.vii. 2005, 200604253, XX Chen (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Nanyuechansi Temple, Yixing, Jiangsu, China, 2.viii. 2010, JL Tan (ZJUH); 1 ♀, West Mt. Tianmu, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 7.vii. 2000, 200103816, XX Chen (ZJUH); 1 ♂, Suichang, Zhejiang, 18���19.x. 1973, 73057.4, JH He (ZJUH); 1 ♀, S. CHINA: NE of Guangzhou, Nankun Mt. Tree Res. (23 ˚ 40 'N, 113 ˚ 56 'E) Guangdong, 24.v. 2012, c. 340 m, C v Achterberg (RMNH); 1 ♀, Dongxianfeng, Dongyang, Zhejiang, 28.vii. 2010, JL Tan & XX Chen (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Mt. Wuyun, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 25.vii. 2010, JL Tan (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Xiangshuwan, Kuankuoshui, Suiyang, Guizhou, 5.vi. 2010, JL Tan (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Mt. Yuhuang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 24.vii. 2010, JL Tan (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Mt. Tianmu, Lin���an, Zhejiang, 3.vii. 2010, JL. Tan (ZJUH); 2 ♀, Shunxi, Qingliangfeng, Lin���an, Zhejiang, 23.viii. 2013, JL Tan (NWUM); 4 ♀, Mt. Nankun, Guangdong, 8.vi. 2002, no. 20028901, - 8904, - 8906, - 8787, ZF Xu (ZJUH); 6 ♀, Mt. Tai, Tai���an, Shandong, 23.vi. 1997, no. 200011329, - 325, - 336, - 320, - 311, - 245, Q. Li (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Taiyi Palace, Changan, Xi���an, Shaanxi, 25.iv. 2011, GH Wang (NWUM); 1 ♀, Fengyukou, Xi���an, Shaanxi (NWUM); 2 ♀, Guanghuojie, Ningshan, Shaanxi, 2.vii. 2013, JL Tan (NWUM); 14 ♀, Foping (33 ˚ 30 'N, 107 ˚ 58 'E), Shaanxi, 31.vii. 2013, JL Tan (NWUM); 1 ♂, Zaoyuan, Yan���an, Shaanxi, 17.x. 2010, JL Tan (NWUM); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, NWU Taoyuan Campus, Xi���an, Shaanxi, 4.ix. 2010, T Zhou (NWUM); 1 ♀, Yichuan, Shaanxi, 9.vii. 1980, YZ Zhang (NWAM); 1 ♂, Liping National Forestry Park, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 15.x. 2011, JL Tan (NWUM); 1 ♀, Mt. Hua, Shaanxi, v. 1984, GQ Han (NWAM); 5 ♀, 1 ♂, Liyuanping, Mt. Qinling, Shaanxi, 18.viii. 2011, JL Tan (NWUM); 17 ♀, 5 ♂, Jinsixia (33 ˚ 22 'N, 110 ˚ 33 'E), Shangnan, Shaanxi, 708 m, 24.vii. 2013, JL Tan (NWUM); 2 ♀, Huishui, Guizhou, 25.vi. 2009, 9.vii. 2009, ZD Li (NWUM); 1 ♀, Qianyang, Guizhou, 18.vi. 2009, PQ Shi (NWUM); 2 ♀, Mt. Dinghu, Guangdong, 17.vii. 1985, YL Zhang (NWAM); 2 ♀, Binzhou, Hunan, YL Zhang, YH Chai (NWAM); 1 ♀, Yuelu Mt. Park (28 ˚ 12 'N 112 ˚ 56 'E), Changsha, Hunan, c. 300 m, 14.vi. 2012, C van Achterberg (RMNH). f. gressitti: China: 1 ♀, holotype, Taihanroku, Formosa, 26.iv. 1908, H. Sauter (RMNH); f. yayeyamae (possibly distributed in Ta i w a n) Japan: ♀, paratype, Iriomote Loochoo Island, Southern Ryukyu Is, 22.viii. 1934, L Gressitt (RMNH). Distribution. China (Heilongjiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Sichuan, Chongqing, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Hainan, Hebei, Hunan, Taiwan). Northeast group (Fig. 22): China: 1 ♀, Lingxi (west tomb), Shenyang, 27.viii. 2009, S. Li (GSFA); 1 ♂, Lingxi (west tomb), Shenyang, 15.viii. 2008, S. Li (GSFA); 2 ♀, Qianshan, Shenyang, Liaoning, 27.viii. 2006, YM Li, YT Zhang; 1 ♀, 2 ♂, Xinbin, Liaoning, 1.vi. 2009, ML Sheng (GSFA); 1 ♀, Shenyang, Liaoning, 1991; 1 ♀, Kuandian, Liaoning, 7.vi. 2007, SP Sun (GSFA); 1 ♀, Shenyang, Liaoning, 17.viii. 2010, L Jiang (NWUM); 2 ♀, 3 ♂, Siping, Jilin, vi. 1999, BZ Ren; 1 ♀, North Tomb, Shenyang, Liaoning, 18.x. 2010, XB Nie; 1 ♀, Shenyang, Liaoning, 8.x. 2010, SP Sun. f. koreanus: Korea: ♀, paratype, Seoul area, 25.iv. 1954, GW Byers. f. iwatai: Japan: ♀, paratype, Sasayama, Honshu, 16.v. 1953, M Miki from Prof. Iwata; 2 ♂, Japan, 1982, 1983. Distribution. China (Shandong (Weihai), Liaoning, Jilin); Japan; Korea. (van der Vecht 1968). Remarks. P. rothneyi is easily confused with the closely allied species P. olivaceus, P. jokahamae and P. tenuispunctia. It is a polytypic species with a very interesting variable colour pattern. Van der Vecht (1968) treated them as 16 subspecies and two uncertain? subspecies A and B. Das & Gupta (1989) added one. Even though, these more than 17 colour forms still could not cover all the variation. Among them, seven ���subspecies���, i.e. koreanus, tibetanus, gressitti, hainanensis, grahami,? subspecies A and B, are recorded from China. P. yayeyamae is possibly also distributed in Taiwan. The colour differences between grahami, hainanensis and gressitti, are very small and mainly related to the colour of the pronotum and the first metasomal tergite. The colour forms grahami and hainanensis overlap in Hainan and it is better to unite these colour forms. Even within f. grahami there are two colour patterns (mesoscutum with four stripes or two stripes) and are sympatric in China. The colour pattern of some specimens collected in Yunnan intergrades f. rothneyi and f. tibetanus having four reddish brown stripes on the mesoscutum but the first tergite mostly black (Fig. 19). However, one specimen collected in Yunnan (no. 20046541) has the head reddish yellow and the bands and stripes yellow with reddish brown tinge, what fits f. sikkimensis well. In addition, the two uncertain A and B forms show a more or less continuous variation series. Similar situation occurs between the specimens from northeastern China, f. iwatai (area on basal band and waved line on the second metasomal tergite often somewhat reddish) and f. koreanus (the first metasomal tergite black with a narrow apical band). It is interesting that the colour pattern of f. iwatai is very similar to that of f. grahami so that the latter can be considered transitional. Van der Vecht (1968) mentioned that the colour of the body ranges from paler or dark yellow through various shades of brownish red to black. He roughly divided the specimens into three groups i.e. yellow and black, brownish-red and more or less transitional forms. Our observations showed that the Chinese colour forms of P. rothneyi can be defined only by colour patterns that intergrade in some degree. This leads us to synonymize all (as far seen from China) as colour forms of P. rothneyi. Since it is difficult and tedious to describe the colour patterns in words, we prefer to show its variation in a series photographs (Figs 19���21). Referring to van der Vecht (1968), we divide the examined Chinese specimens into three colour groups i.e. Southwest Plateau group (brownish-red to black, distributed in southeastern China, Yunnan and Tibet), Common yellow-black group (widely distributed in the mainland of China spreading southward to Hainan and Taiwan, including f. grahami, f. hainanensis, f. gressitti and f. yayeyamae) and Northeast group (colour pattern between f. iwatai and f. koreanus, generally with reddish brown blotches, the first metasomal tergite black, at most with a narrow apical band; distributed in Northeast China, Shandong (Weihai), Liaoning, Jilin). For convenience we use the available names as colour forms for arranging the specimens into different colour groups. We did not find a colour gap between the Common black yellow group (Fig. 21) and the Northeast group (Fig. 22)., Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Kees Van, Duan, Mei-Jiao & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2014, An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001, pp. 377-399 in Zootaxa 3785 (3) on pages 387-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/253064, {"references":["Cameron, P. (1900) Descriptions of new genera and species of Hymenoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 410 - 419, 495 - 506, 530 - 539.","van der Vecht, J. (1968) The geographic variation of Polistes (Megapolistes subg. n.) rothneyi Cameron. Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde, 38, 97 - 109.","Matsumura, S. (1908) Nihon Ekichu Mokuroku [List of Japanese Beneficial Insects]. Rokumeikan, Tokyo, 174 pp. [in Japanese]","Carpenter, J. M. (1996 b) Distributional Checklist of Species of the Genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Polistini). American Museum Novitates, 3188, 1 - 39. Available from: http: // iunh 2. sci. ibaraki. ac. jp / wasp / list. html (accessed 21 November 2013)"]}

Key to species of the subgenus Gyrostoma from China 1. Metasoma uniformly reddish brown to dark brown. Dorsal episternal groove (Fig. 5 a) or epicnemial carina absent (Fig. 5 a') and area densely punctate. Last visible sternite of male without apophyses (Fig. 5 b)................................. 2 - Metasoma generally black with abundant yellow markings or largely yellow. Dorsal episternal groove and epicnemial carina both present (Fig. 6 aa) and area comparatively sparsely punctate. Last visible sternite of male with apophyses (Fig. 6 bb, bb') (except Polistes tenuispunctia).......................................................................... 3 2. Malar space of female as long as distance from inner edge of one antennal socket to outer edge of other (Fig. 7 a). Parastigma (pa) of fore wing longer than ventral margin of pterostigma (pt) (Fig. 7 b). Dorsal episternal groove absent, epicnemial carina present (Fig. 1 a). Male: mandible (Fig. 7 c) and terminal segment of antenna (Fig. 7 d) modified... P. (G.) gigas (Kirby, 1826) - Malar space of female shorter than distance from inner edge of one antennal socket to outer edge of other socket (Fig. 8 aa). Parastigma (pa) of fore wing shorter than the ventral margin of pterostigma (pt) (Fig. 8 bb). Dorsal episternal groove present; epicemial carina absent (Fig. 1 a'). Male: mandible (Fig. 8 cc) and terminal segment antenna (Fig. 8 dd) normally shaped............................................................................ P. (G.) tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 3. Body generally yellow. Mesopleuron weakly and sparsely punctate medially (Fig. 9 a)................................ 4 - Body black or dark brown with yellow pattern. Mesopleuron strongly and densely punctate medially(Fig. 10 aa)......... 5 4. Female: fore wing length 15 – 28 mm. Body always with black pattern and at least dorsal sulcus of clypeus of female black (Fig. 11 a). Male: clypeus evenly convex (Fig. 11 b). Lateral tubercles on each side of apex of last sternite subtriangular and wider at base (Fig. 11 c), its terminal apophyses long and spatulate apically (Fig. 11 d)............. P. (G.) olivaceus (De Geer, 1773) - Female: fore wing length 11-17 mm. Body without black pattern, including medial part of dorsal sulcus of clypeus of female (Fig. 12 aa), but sometimes surroundings of ocelli darkened. Male: clypeus with impression (Fig. 12 bb). Lateral tubercles of last sternite more cylindrical and narrower basally (Fig. 12 cc), its terminal apophyses long and pointed apically (Fig. 12 dd)................................................................................. (G.) wattii Cameron, 1900 5. Male: apical 3–4 antennal flagellomeres flattened and curved (Fig. 13 a). Last visible sternite without apophyses (Fig. 13 b). Female: ventral third of occipital carina absent or vestigial (Fig. 13 c) and yellow apical part of first tergite widened laterally (Fig. 13 d), China (Shaanxi).................................................... P. (G.) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001 - Male: antenna generally not curved apically, 3 – 4 apical flagellomeres cylindrical, at most terminal flagellomere spatulate (Fig. 14 aa). Last visible sternite with apophyses (Fig. 14 bb). Female: ventral third of occipital carina variable (Fig. 14 cc), yellow apical part of first tergite parallel-sided laterally (Fig. 14 dd).................................................... 6 6. Female: occipital carina incomplete, not reaching base of mandible (Fig. 15 a). Male: clypeus narrowly separated from eyes (Fig. 15 b). Terminal antennal flagellomere slightly curved and cylindrical (Fig. 15 c). Lateral tubercles of last sternite less protruding (Fig. 15 d), its apophyses short and truncated apically (Fig. 15 e).................. P. (G.) jokahamae Radoszkowski, 1887 - Female: occipital carina complete, reaching base of mandible (Fig. 16 aa). Male: clypeus touching eyes (Fig. 16 bb). Terminal antennal flagellomere spatulate, flattened and widened (Fig. 16 cc). Lateral tubercles of last sternite distinctly protruding (Fig. 16 dd), its apophyses long and narrow (Fig. 16 ee)................................... P. (G.) rothneyi Cameron, 1900

Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 (Fig. 23) Polistes tenebricosa Lepeletier 1836: 529 (type, Java,?lost). Polistes sulcatus Smith 1852: 38 (♀, ♂, near Ningpo, China, deposited in BMNH, London). Synonymized under tenebricosus Lepeletier 1836 by Saito et al. 2005: 107. Polistes hoplites de Saussure 1854: 255 (unjustified emendation) Polistes hoplitus de Saussure 1853: 55 (♀, Indes Orientales, deposited in Mus��um d'Histoire Naturelle, Gen��ve). Synonymized under tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 by Saito et al. 2005: 107. Polistes rugifrons Cameron 1900: 6: 412 (Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India). Polistes varicornis Cameron 1905: 67 (type, ♂, deposited in Zo��logisch Museum, Amsterdam). Polistes javanicus Cameron 1905: 68 (lectotype, ♀, Tjandi near Semarang, Java, deposited in Zo��logisch Museum, Amsterdam). Polistes tenebricosus var. leopoldi Bequaert 1934: 9. Synonymized under tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 by Saito et al. 2005: 107. Polistes tenebricosus var. nigrosericans Bequaert 1940: 266. Synonymized under tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 by Saito et al. 2005: 107. Polistes tenebricosus var. sibuyanensis Bequaert 1940: 266. Synonymized under tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 by Saito et al. 2005: 107. Material examined. China: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Museum Paris, Chine, S. Stevens, 1852, 1 ♀, with a yellow handwritten label: P. tenebricosus Lepel. (MNHN); 10 ♂, 5 ♀, Mt. Tianmu, Lin���an, Zhejiang, 25.viii. 2013, JL Tan (NWUM); 2 ♀, Pan'an City, Hue Xi (28 ˚ 59 'N 120 ˚ 30 E), Zhejiang, China, 19.vi. 2012, c 600m, C v. Achterberg (RMNH); 1 ♀, West Mt. Tianmu, Zhejiang, China, 4.vi. 1994, 941484, YL Lin, labelled Polistes gigas Kirby, det. He, 16.xi. 2000 (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Mt. Tianmu, Zhejiang, 7.vii. 2000, no. 200103814, XX Chen (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Mt. Dapan, Pan���a, Zhejiang, 17���20.vii. 2012, YJ Wang (ZJUH); 2 ♀, Mt. Tianmu, Zhejiang, 3.vii. 2010, JL Tan (ZJUH); 2 ♀, Mt. Tianmu, Zhejiang, 1���3.vii. 2010, LF Hu, 5.vii. 2013, FZ Ying (ZJUH); 2 ♀, Mt. Gutian, Kaihua, Zhejiang, 1��� 3.vii. 2005, no. 200604254, -04158, XX Chen (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Mt. Jiulong, Huishui, Guizhou, 11.vi. 2010, JL Tan (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Buyun, Shanghang, Fujian, 22���24.vii. 1988, no. 885340, Y Ma (ZJUH); 2 ♀, Kuatun (27.4˚N, 117.40˚E), Fujian, 10.iv. 1938 (Fukien), J. Klaperich, each with a label: Polistes tenebricosus sulcatus Sm. det. J.v.d. Vecht, 1964 (RMNH); 1 ♀, Ningpo, China, Felder (hangwriting round label) with a handwritten label: ? sulcatus Smith (RMNH); 1 ♀, Grihedo, Ngan-Hoei (Anhui) (RMNH); 2 ♀, Mt. Jiufeng, Ningbo, 4.viii. 2010, JL Tan (NWUM); 8 ♂, 4 ♀, Jinsi Gorage LuohuaValley, Shangnan, Shaanxi, 33 ˚ 22 '37.22˝, E 110 ˚ 33 '16.98˝, 708 m, 24.vii. 2013, JL Tan (NWUM); 1 ♀, Laifeng, Enshi, Hubei, 15.viii. 2013, H Xiang (NWUM); 1 ♀, Mt. Baxian, Heping, Taizhong, Taiwan, 24 ˚ 11 ' N 121 ˚ E, 4���5.vi. 2011, P Tang (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Hoozan, Formosa, ix. 1910, H Sauter, with a label ��� P. s u l c a t u s, Schulthess det. 1913 ��� Hym-00603 (SDEI); 1 ♀, Jianfenling Nature Reserve (18 ˚ 44 ' 38 ��N 108 ˚ 50 ' 36 ��E), Hainan, 980���1150 m, 13���14.vii. 2013, C van Achterberg (RMNH). Remarks. Liu (1937) included two varieties Polistes tenebricosus var. sulcatus Smith and P. t. var. hoplites de Saussure. Bequaert (1940) recorded typical P. tenebricosus from Formosa and P. t. var. sulcatus from southern China. We accept the view of Saito et al. (2005); they synonymized these varieties as colour varieties of P. tenebricosus. The colour pattern of the examined specimens from China is as follows: body brownish-black to ferruginous, or predominantly black; the pronotum varies from mainly black with margin narrowly reddish brown, dorsal half reddish brown in lateral view to entirely reddish brown; the mesoscutum varies from entirely black, with four irregular russet stripes to entirely or mostly dark reddish brown (Fig. 23 A���F); but specimens from Hainan black with milky yellow blotches (Fig. 23 G���J). No specimens with the colour pattern of var. hoplites (second metasomal tergite mostly or entirely orange-yellow) were available from China. Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hainan, Taiwan); India; Nepal; Vietnam; Myanmar; Indonesia; Philippines. (Carpenter 1996 b update to 2006), Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Kees Van, Duan, Mei-Jiao & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2014, An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001, pp. 377-399 in Zootaxa 3785 (3) on pages 391-393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/253064, {"references":["Smith, F. (1852) Descriptions of some hymenopterous insects captured in India, with notes on their economy, by Ezra T. Downes, Esq., who presented them to the Honourable the East India Company. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2 (2), 44 - 50.","Saito, F., Kojima, J., Ubaidillah, R. & Hartini S. (2005) Paper wasp of the genus Polistes in Eastern Lesser Sunda Islands. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 14 (1), 102 - 114.","Saussure, H. de (1853 - 1958) Monographie des guepes sociales ou de la tribu des vespiens. Masson, Paris, 255 pp.","Cameron, P. (1900) Descriptions of new genera and species of Hymenoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 410 - 419, 495 - 506, 530 - 539.","Cameron, P. (1905) On the Malay fossorial Hymenoptera and Vespidae of the Museum of the R. Zool. Soc. \" Natura Artis Magistra \" at Amsterdam. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 48, 48 - 78.","Bequaert, J. (1934) Les races de coloration de Vespa lulctuosa de Saussure et de Polistes tenebricosus Lepeletier. Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 10, 1 - 11.","Bequaert, J. (1940) Notes on Oriental Polistes wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 66, 265 - 272.","Liu, C. L. (1937) A bibliographic and synonymic catalogue of the Vespidae of China, with a cross-referring index for the genera and species. Peking Natural History Bulletin, II (Part 3), 205 - 232.","Carpenter, J. M. (1996 b) Distributional Checklist of Species of the Genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Polistini). American Museum Novitates, 3188, 1 - 39. Available from: http: // iunh 2. sci. ibaraki. ac. jp / wasp / list. html (accessed 21 November 2013)"]}

Polistes (Gyrostoma) gigas (Kirby, 1826) (Fig. 17) Cyclostoma gigas Kirby 1826 in Kirby, Spence: 36 (type, ♂, China, deposited in?Oxoford). Polistes orientalis Lepeletier 1836: 519. Polistes confusus Smith 1857: 102. Material examined. China: 1 ♀, Chine, Callery 5 ��� 46, with a hand writing label ���H. de Saussure determin.��� (MNHN); 1 ♂, Ngan Ho�� (Anhui), Chine, J. de Joannis, 1901 (MNHN); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Kout Yang (Guiyang), Kout- Tch��ou (Guizhou), 1906, PP Cayalerie & Fortunat (MNHN); 6 ♀, Hang-tcheou (Hangzhou), Chekiang (Zhejiang), 1905, A Pichon (MNHN); 1 ♂, Kiang-Si (Jiangxi), 1875, A David (MNHN); 1 ♀, Kosempo, Formosa, vii. 1917, H Sauter, with a handwritten label ��� P. orientalis, Schulthess det.��� Hym-00611(SDEI); 1 ♀, Pan'an City, Hue Xi (28 ˚ 59 'N 120 ˚ 30 'E), Zhejiang, China, 19.vi. 2012, c 600 m, C van Achterberg (RMNH); 2 ♀, Mt. Nankun (23 ˚ 38 'N 113 ˚ 52 'E), c 100km NE Guangzhou, Guangdong, S. China, 27���28.ix. 2011, C van Achterberg (RMNH); 2 ♀, SCAU campus (23 ˚ 9 ' 30 ���N 113 ˚ 21 ' 5 ���E), Guangzhou, Guangdong, S. China, c. 30 m, 4���7.vii. 2013, C van Achterberg & HY Chen (RMNH); 2 ♀, Baishuipubu, Yangchun Guangdong, 1.v. 2002, no. 20028351, - 28, ZF Xu (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Mt. Baiyun, Guangzhou, 1.xi. 2003, CT Zhang (NWUM); 2 ♀, Wuyi Farm, Xuwen, Guangdong, 99m, 20 ˚ 28 ' 21 "N 110 ˚08' 57 "E, 15.vii. 1987, no. hzs0700058, -056 (CATAS); 1 ♀, Guishan, Heyuan, Guangdong, 18.v. 2002, no. 20028514, ZF Xu (ZJUH); 2 ♀, Huatan, Yangchun, Guangdong, 3���4.v. 2002, no. 20027827 ~ 8, ZF Xu (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Mt. Nankun, Guangdong, 8.vi. 2002, no. 20028910, ZF Xu (ZJUH); 5 ♀, West Mt. Tianmu, Lin���an, Zhejiang, 4. vi. 2010 (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Baisha (25 ˚09' 538 ˝N 116 ˚ 37 ' 435 ˝E), Shanghang, Fujian, 637 m, 9.iv. 2011, T Li (GSFA); 1 ♂, Quannan, Jiangxi, 2.xii. 2010, SC Li (GSFA); 2 ♀, 2 ♂, Guanshan, Jiangxi, 350 m, 16.ix. 2008, YF Tang (GSFA); 3 ♀, Tuncheng town, Tunchang, Hainan, 139 m, 19 ˚ 19 ' 45 "N 110 ˚03' 37 "E, 25.viii. 2011, YH Zhong, no. hzs0700607, - 894, - 886 (CATAS); 1 ♀, Fengmu town, Tunchang, Hainan, 136 m, 19 ˚ 12 ' 49 "N 110 ˚00' 52 "E, 20.iii. 2009, CM Xing, no. hzs0700053 (CATAS); 2 ♀, Shankou, Chengmai, Hainan, 30 m, 19 ˚ 41 ' 31 "N 109 ˚ 58 ' 16 "E, 19.iii. 2009, CM Xing, no. hzs0700054, -055 (CATAS); 2 ♀, Danzhou, Hainan, 22���24.v. 2009, CM. Xing, no. hzs070052, -057 (CATAS); 2 ♀, Qiongzhong, Hainan, 16.vii. 2011, WJ. Zhu, 5.viii. 2011, YH Zhong (CATAS). Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang); India (Sikkim). (Liu 1937, Lee 1985, Starr 1992, Barth��l��my 2008, Carpenter 1996 b), Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Kees Van, Duan, Mei-Jiao & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2014, An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001, pp. 377-399 in Zootaxa 3785 (3) on pages 383-384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/253064, {"references":["Kirby, W. & Spence, W. (1826) An Introduction to Entomology. Ed. 1, 3. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London, 732 pp.","Smith, F. (1857) Catalogue of Hymenoptera of the British Museum. Part V. Vespidae. London, 147 pp.","Liu, C. L. (1937) A bibliographic and synonymic catalogue of the Vespidae of China, with a cross-referring index for the genera and species. Peking Natural History Bulletin, II (Part 3), 205 - 232.","Lee, T. S. (1985) Fauna of China Economical Insect. Vol. 30. Vespoidea. China Science Press, Beijing, xii + 159 pp. [in Chinese]","Starr, C. K. (1992) The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, 3, 93 - 138.","Barthelemy, C. (2008) Provisional Guide to the Social Vespids of Hong Kong (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Online PDF. Available from: http: // insectahk. com (accessed 24 March 2014)","Carpenter, J. M. (1996 b) Distributional Checklist of Species of the Genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Polistini). American Museum Novitates, 3188, 1 - 39. Available from: http: // iunh 2. sci. ibaraki. ac. jp / wasp / list. html (accessed 21 November 2013)"]}

Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001 (Figs 24���26) Polistes tenuispunctia Kim 2001: 59 (holotype, ♀, Aengmobung, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, deposited in Korean Entomological Institute, Korean University, Seoul). Material examined. 2 ♂, Yuanba, Liping, Nanzheng, Hangzhong, Shaanxi, 12.x. 2011, JL Tan (NWUM); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Guanghuojie, Ningshan, Shaanxi, 27.vi. 2013, JL Tan (NWUM); 1 ♂, 8 ♀, Watershed Natural Reserve, Yueba Foping, Shaanxi, 27.vii. 2013, 33˚ 32 ' 57.31˝N, 107 ˚ 49 '12.91˝E, 1083 m, JL Tan, (ZJUH; including a nest with two females); 6 ♂, 2 ♀, Sangyuan Natural Reserve, Liuba, Shaanxi, 33.43˚N, 107.12˚ E, 1212 m, 17.viii. 2013, BB Tu (ZJUH). Diagnosis. The male of this species can be easily distinguished from all its congeners by the key (Fig. 13, 24). The female is very similar to the sympatric species Polistes rothneyi f. grahami van der Vecht, but differs from the latter by the characteristics listed in Table 1. Without a male this species is very hard to separate from the latter species except for their colour pattern. The different nesting site is of additional importance. The most important differentiating character mentioned by Kim (2001) (body very weakly and superficially punctate in both sexes) seems rather variable and does not work very well for Chinese specimens. Biology. Several individuals are found frequently flying in and out the high eaves suggesting that the nest was concealed in a secret place such as inside the hollow wooden eaves or wall. The collected nest we took from a hollow doorframe; the key hole acted as their entrance; the single comb nest had about 50 cells, 10 mm in diameter, suspended inside with one central narrow pedicel; pedicel about 3.2 mm wide (minimum diameter) and 5 mm long, cell-marginal and with buttressed sheet; cells were hexagonal and regularly arranged with the average diameter (between opposite sides) 6.0���7.5 mm, variable in length and increased as the stage advanced. Cocoon capping is white and protruding about 8.5 mm beyond the cell mouth (Figures 26 A���B). Distribution. Korea, China (Shaanxi)., Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Kees Van, Duan, Mei-Jiao & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2014, An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001, pp. 377-399 in Zootaxa 3785 (3) on pages 393-395, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/253064, {"references":["Kim, J. K. (2001) A new species of genus Polistes Latreille (Polistinae, Vespidae, Hymenoptera) from Korea. Korean Journal of Entomology, 31 (1), 59 - 62."]}

Polistes (Gyrostoma) olivaceus (De Geer, 1773) (Fig. 19) Vespa olivacea De Geer 1773: 582 (type, sexunstated, America, deposited in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm). Vespa hebraea Fabricius 1787: 292 (♀, Indonesia, deposited in ZMUC, Copenhagen). Vespa macaensis Fabricius 1793: 259 (type, ♀, Macao, China, deposited in ZMUC, Copenhagen). Material examined. Indonesia: 1 ♀, without label, head broken, legs lost (Vespa hebraeus, type of Fabricius, coll. Kiel, ZMUC). China: 2 ♀, with a handwritten label ��� macaensis Fab ���, heads and legs lost (type of Vespa macaensis Fab., 1793, coll. Kiel, ZMUC); 1 ♀, handwritten round label: ���Ningbo, China, Felder���, labelled: ��� Polistes hebraeus F.��� (RMNH); 1 ♀, Tibet, China, a handwritten round label (RMNH); 1 ♀, Xiaoliang, Dianbai, Guangdong, 10.iv. 1983, YL Zhang (NWAU); 7 ♀, Baisha, Hainan, 19 ˚ 13 ' 15 "N 109 ˚ 26 ' 54 "E, 202 m, 21.vii. 2011, YH Zhong, no. hzs0700433��� 438, - 440 (CATAS); 2 ♀, Songtao Water Reservoir, Hainan, 17.vii. 2002, 20029565, ZF Xu (ZJUH); 1 ♀, Qifang town, Baisha, Hainan, 202 m, 19 ˚ 18 ' 22 "N 109 ˚ 18 '00"E, 21.vii. 2011, YH Zhong, no. hzs0700431 (CATAS); 1 ♀, Xiqing Farm, Danzhou, Hainan, 132 m, 19 ˚ 33 '03"N 109 ˚ 28 '00"E, 19.v. 2009, CM. Xing, no. hzs070043 (CATAS); 1 ♀, Yangjiang Farm, Qiongzhong, Hainan, 170 m, 19 ˚ 17 ' 49 "N 109 ˚ 45 ' 10 "E, 22.vii. 2011, YH Zhong, no. hzs0700432 (CATAS); 1 ♀, Xipei Farm, Danzhou, Hainan, 245 m, 19 ˚ 21 ' 40 "N 109 ˚ 27 ' 31 "E, 2.viii. 2011, YH Zhong, no. hzs0700563 (CATAS); 1 ♀, Wuyi Farm, Xuwen, Guangdong, 99 m, 20 ˚ 28 ' 21 "N 110 ˚08' 57 "E, 10.viii. 1981, no. hzs070038 (CATAS). India: 1 ♂, Assam, 1930 (RMNH), det. P. o. hebraeus Fabricius, 1787. Remarks. This species can be easily identified by having the mesopleuron weakly and sparsely punctate and the metasoma of the male with long and apically spatulate terminal apophyses. However, it is hard to separate the more melanistic type of Polistes hebraeus apart from P. jokahamae only on base of its colour pattern; frequently Chinese female specimens in MNHN and RMNH are misidentified. No P. olivaceus specimens from China with P. o. hebraeus colour pattern were available, but recorded from China by Liu (1937) and Lee (1982, 1985); considering its occurrence in India (Assam), its presence in China is likely. Distribution. China (Guangdong, Hainan, Zhejiang, Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao); Madagascar; Reunion; Mauritius; Tanzania (Zanzibar); Seychelles (Ameirantes); Chagos Archipelago; Egypt; Oman; Iran; Afghanistan; India; Sri Lanka; Nepal; Myanmar;? Japan; Philippines; Vietnam; Laos; Cambodia; Thailand; Malaysia; Singapore; Indonesia; Marianas; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tonga; Samoa; Society Is; Tuamotu; Marquesas. Introduced in Chile, USA (Hawaii), Australia and New Zealand (Carpenter 1996 b)., Published as part of Tan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Kees Van, Duan, Mei-Jiao & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2014, An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001, pp. 377-399 in Zootaxa 3785 (3) on page 386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/253064, {"references":["De Geer, C. (1773) Cinquieme memoire. Des Cigales. Memoires pour servir a l' histoire des insectes, 3, 1 - 696.","Fabricius, J. C. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum, Tom I. Hafniae, xx + 348 pp.","Fabricius, J. C. (1793) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tome 2. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae, viii + 519 pp.","Liu, C. L. (1937) A bibliographic and synonymic catalogue of the Vespidae of China, with a cross-referring index for the genera and species. Peking Natural History Bulletin, II (Part 3), 205 - 232.","Lee, T. S. (1982) Hornets from agricultural regions of China (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea). Agriculture Publishing House, Beijing, vi + 255 pp. [in Chinese]","Lee, T. S. (1985) Fauna of China Economical Insect. Vol. 30. Vespoidea. China Science Press, Beijing, xii + 159 pp. [in Chinese]","Carpenter, J. M. (1996 b) Distributional Checklist of Species of the Genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Polistini). American Museum Novitates, 3188, 1 - 39. Available from: http: // iunh 2. sci. ibaraki. ac. jp / wasp / list. html (accessed 21 November 2013)"]}

A new efficient hybrid/mixed thin similar to moderately thick plate bending element with B-node (HM6-14) is formulated based on the Reissner-Mindlin plate bending theory. The convergence of this element is proved by error estimate theories and verified by patch test respectively. Numerical studies on such an element as HM6-14 demonstrate that it has remarkable convergence, invariability to geometric distorted mesh situations, to axial rotations, and to node positions, and no \'\'locking\'\' phenomenon in thin plate limit. The present element is suitable to many kinds of shape and thin similar to moderately thick plate bending problems. Further, in comparison with original hybrid/mixed plate bending element HP4, the present element yields an improvement of solutions. Therefore, it is an efficient element and suitable for the development of adaptive multi-field finite element method (FEM).

The present paper is mainly concerned theoretically with the comparative study on h-convergence of 4-node versus 8-node quadrilateral elements. It is found by the present authors that 8-node quadrilateral elements provided favourably enhances convergence rate over the 4-node ones. The fact is further justified via numerical examinations.

To provide a theoretical basis for h-type finite element analysis with quadrilateral elements, in the present paper, the h-convergence of quadrilateral elements is established, whose related lemmas and theorems being presented, and therefore, the error estimate problems are investigated.

Track correlation is the key problem in the information fusion of the distributed multisensor system. The purpose is to judge whether or not the tracks In a distributed multisensor system, coming from different local nodes are maed to a same target. The flow of the track corelation of multisensor system is proposed based on the analysis about the problem. At first, space and time registration for the datum detected by different kinds of sensor from different place were taken with NN technology. Then the problem of track correlation were transformed to the generalized classical assignment problem and NN were used to deal with this problem. The simulation experimental results illustrate that with above method, the system has higher correct association rate.