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Objective To analyze the expression of SIRT5 in pan-cancer and its relationship with prognosis and to explore the mechanism of SIRT5 regulating breast cancer proliferation through aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1(ALDH5A1). Methods cBioPortal,TNMplot,GEPIA and The Kaplan-Meier Plotter were used to analyze the differential expression of SIRT5 in a variety of tumors and its correlation with prognosis. The interacting proteins co-precipitated with the SIRT5 were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Pathway enrichment was performed for the interaction proteome, and for the combined analysis of the interaction proteome and the acylation proteome. Finally, the ALDH5A1 was focused. Then, the interaction between SIRT5 and ALDH5A1 was determined by an in vivo and in vitro immunoprecipitation(IP).SIRT5 was over-expressed or knocked down to detect acylation level and enzyme activity of ALDH5A1. Finally, the effects of SIRT5 and ALDH5A1 on breast cancer proliferation were determined by cell proliferation and cloning experiments. Results SIRT5 was highly expressed in a variety of tumors such as breast cancer and was positively correlated with poor prognosis (P＜0.05). There were multiple overlaps between SIRT5 interacting proteins and acylomics and the overlapped proteins were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism. SIRT5 directly interacted with ALDH5A1. SIRT5 could enhance the enzyme activity of ALDH5A1 by inducing the desuccinylation of ALDH5A1, thus promoting the proliferation of breast cancer cells (P＜0.05). Conclusions The function of SIRT5 in tumors may be specific to a heterogeneous environment and it can play a tumor-promoting role through ALDH5A1 in breast cancer. The results reported here may provide a theoretical basis for subsequent clinical targeted therapy.

With the improvement of computer computing capability and the accumulation of a large amount of medical data, artificial intelligence is gradually being applied in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial tumors. Artificial intelligence technology can assist doctors in clinical diagnosis and improve the efficiency of clinical work and the accuracy of diagnosis. In recent years, researchers have focused primarily on the recognition of medical images. The commonly used method is to annotate a large number of images by experts for learning image features by machines. The available literature has been able to utilize artificial intelligence technology to diagnose tumors by analyzing medical images, pathological sections, and tumor photos. The main issues in the current research are uneven labeling data quality, small data size, limited research problems, and single data modalities. These problems need to be solved through the continuous improvement of algorithms and the accumulation of high-quality data. The future direction of artificial intelligence applications should be to integrate medical data from multiple sources, assist doctors in diagnosis, and explore a variety of noninvasive and easy-to-use new methods for the early diagnosis of tumors. This may completely change the existing diagnosis and treatment model of oral and maxillofacial tumors.

Based on the development status of thermal barrier coatings, SPS (suspension plasma spraying), SPPS (solution precursor plasma spraying) and PS-PVD (plasma spraying-physical vapor deposition) technologies and the structural performance characteristics of the thermal coatings prepared by the above methods were summarized. Meanwhile, the development of single-layer, multi-layer and gradient coatings of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings was reviewed, and the effects of structural changes of ceramic materials system of La2Zr2O7, Gd2Zr2O7 and La2Ce2O7 on the properties of coating were emphatically summarized. Furthermore, the development prospects of multilayer structure of thermal barrier coatings were prospected.

Pedestrian appearance attributes are important semantic information distinguishing pedestrian differences.Pedestrian attribute recognition plays a vital role in intelligent video surveillance,which can help us quickly screen and retrieve target pedestrians.In the task of person re-identification,we can use attribute information to obtain fine feature expressions,thereby improving the effect of pedestrian re-identification.This paper attempts to combine pedestrian attribute recognition with person re-identification,looking for a way to improve the performance of person re-identification,and proposes a person re-identification framework based on feature positioning and fusion.Firstly,we use the method of multi-task learning to combine person re-identification with attribute recognition,and improve the performance of the network model by modifying the convolution step size and using double pooling.Secondly,to improve the expression ability of attribute features,a parallel spatial channel attention module based on the attention mechanism is designed.It can not only locate the spatial position of the attribute on the feature map,but also can effectively mine the channel with higher correlation with the attribute features,and uses multiple groups of parallel branch structure to reduce errors and further improve the performance of the network model.Finally,we use the convolutional neural network to design the feature fusion module to effectively integrate the attribute features and pedestrian identity features to obtain more robust and expressive pedestrian features.The experiment is conducted on two commonly used person re-identification datasets DukeMTMC-reID and Market-1501.The results show that this method is at the leading level among the existing person re-identification methods.

Background: A range of imaging modalities have reported Alzheimer's disease-related abnormalities in individuals experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD). However, there has been no consistent local abnormality identified across multiple neuroimaging modalities for SCD. Objective: We aimed to investigate the convergent local alterations in amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, glucose metabolism, and resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) metrics in SCD. Methods: Fifty SCD patients (66.4±5.7 years old, 19 men [38%]) and 15 normal controls (NC) (66.3±4.4 years old, 5 men [33.3%]) were scanned with both [18F]-florbetapir PET and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, as well as simultaneous RS-fMRI from February 2018 to November 2018. Voxel-wise metrics were retrospectively analyzed, including Aβ deposition, glucose metabolism, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality(DC). Results: The SCD group showed increased Aβ deposition and glucose metabolism (p < 0.05, corrected), as well as decreased ALFF, ReHo, and DC (p < 0.05, uncorrected) in the left dorsal precuneus (dPCu). Furthermore, the dPCu illustrated negative resting-state functional connectivity with the default mode network. Regarding global Aβ deposition positivity, the Aβ deposition in the left dPCu showed a gradient change, i.e., Aβ positive SCD > Aβ negative SCD > Aβ negative NC. Additionally, both Aβ positive SCD and Aβ negative SCD showed increased glucose metabolism and decreased RS-fMRI metrics in the dPCu. Conclusions: The dorsal precuneus, an area implicated in early AD, shows convergent neuroimaging alterations in SCD, and might be more related to other cognitive functions (e.g., unfocused attention) than episodic memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This study investigates the link between genetic variants associated with kidney function and immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) progression. Methods We recruited 961 biopsy-proven IgAN patients and 651 non-IgAN end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients from Ruijin Hospital. Clinical and renal pathological data were collected. The primary outcome was the time to ESRD. A healthy population was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 without albuminuria or hematuria. Fifteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from a genome-wide association study of kidney function and genotyped by the SNaPshot. Immunohistochemistry in renal tissue and ELISA in urine samples were performed to explore the potential functions of genetic variations. Results The rs77924615-G was independently associated with an increased risk for ESRD in IgAN patients after adjustments for clinical and pathologic indices, and treatment (adjusted hazard ratio 2.10; 95% confidence interval 1.14–3.88). No significant differences in ESRD-free survival time were found among different genotypes in non-IgAN ESRD patients (log-rank, P = .480). Moreover, rs77924615 exhibited allele-specific enhancer activity by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Accordingly, the urinary uromodulin–creatinine ratio (uUCR) was significantly higher in healthy individuals with rs77924615 AG or GG than in individuals with AA. Furthermore, uromodulin expression in tubular epithelial cells was higher in patients with rs77924615 AG or GG. Finally, we confirmed that an increased uUCR (P = .009) was associated with faster IgAN progression. Conclusion The SNP rs77924615, which modulates the enhancer activity of the UMOD gene, is associated with renal function deterioration in IgAN patients by increasing uromodulin levels in both the renal tubular epithelium and urine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: We enrolled 294 patients with AIS and collected peripheral blood samples for analysis of lymphocyte subsets. Prognosis was assessed at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Association between lymphocyte count and poor outcomes (mRS score >2) was assessed using logistic regression. Individualized prediction models were developed to predict poor outcomes. Results: Patients in the mRS score ≤2 group had higher T‐cell percentage (odds ratio [OR] = 0.947; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.899–0.998; p = 0.040), CD3+ T‐cell count (OR = 0.999; 95% CI: 0.998–1.000; p = 0.018), and CD4+ T‐cell count (OR = 0.998; 95% CI: 0.997–1.000; p = 0.030) than those in the mRS score >2 group 1–3 days after stroke. The prediction model for poor prognosis based on the CD4+ T‐cell count showed good discrimination (area under the curve of 0.844), calibration (p > 0.05), and clinical utility. Conclusion: Lower T cell percentage, CD3+, and CD4+ T‐cell counts 1–3 days after stroke were independently associated with increased risk of poor prognosis. Individualized predictive model of poor prognosis based on CD4+ T‐cell count have good accuracy and may predict disease prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex chromosomes display remarkable diversity and variability among vertebrates. Compared with research on the X/Y and Z/W chromosomes, which have long evolutionary histories in mammals and birds, studies on the sex chromosomes at early evolutionary stages are limited. Here, we precisely assembled the genomes of homozygous XX female and YY male Lanzhou catfish (Silurus lanzhouensis) derived from an artificial gynogenetic family and a self-fertilized family, respectively. Chromosome 24 (Chr24) was identified as the sex chromosome based on resequencing data. Comparative analysis of the X and Y chromosomes showed an approximate 320 kb Y-specific region with a Y-specific duplicate of anti-Mullerian hormone type II receptor (amhr2y), which is consistent with findings in 2 other Silurus species but on different chromosomes (Chr24 of Silurus meridionalis and Chr5 of Silurus asotus). Deficiency of amhr2y resulted in male-to-female sex reversal, indicating that amhr2y plays a male-determining role in S. lanzhouensis. Phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics revealed that the common sex-determining gene amhr2y was initially translocated to Chr24 of the Silurus ancestor along with the expansion of transposable elements. Chr24 was maintained as the sex chromosome in S. meridionalis and S. lanzhouensis , whereas a sex-determining region transition triggered sex chromosome turnover from Chr24 to Chr5 in S. asotus. Additionally, gene duplication, translocation, and degeneration were observed in the Y-specific regions of Silurus species. These findings present a clear case for the early evolutionary trajectory of sex chromosomes, including sex-determining gene origin, repeat sequence expansion, gene gathering and degeneration in sex-determining region, and sex chromosome turnover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the transverse electro-optic (EO) effect in an arbitrary direction in LiNbO3 (LN) and LiTaO3 (LT) crystals based on the Fresnel index ellipsoid theory. A set of analytical formulas for calculating the birefringence in any direction in a crystal of the lowest symmetry is first deduced. The maximum magnitudes of the transverse EO effect appear along the directions that are turned out from the optic axis on the angles θm (φ = 30°, 150° or 270°) or 180°− θm (φ = 90°, 210° or 330°), the angles θm of congruent LN and LT crystals are 36° and 59.5°, respectively. For experimental verification, the (yzw)θm cut congruent LN and LT crystals were prepared. The half-wave voltage (HWV) of the (yzw)36° cut LN crystals is half that of the x-cut LN crystals and is only 30% that of the z-cut LN crystals, and the HWV of the (yzw)59.5° cut LT crystals is 7% higher than that of the x-cut LT crystals, the experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis. The crystals with the optimized cell geometries are more practical because of the low HWV and lower sensitivity of birefringence to temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genital malformations are among the most common human birth defects, and both genetic and environmental factors can contribute to these malformations. Development of the external genitalia in mammals relies on complex signaling networks, and disruption of these signaling pathways can lead to genital defects. Islet-1 (ISL1), a member of the LIM/Homeobox family of transcription factors, has been identified as a major susceptibility gene for classic bladder exstrophy in humans, a common form of the bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC), and is implicated in a role in urinary tract development. We report that deletion of Isl1 from the genital mesenchyme in mice led to hypoplasia of the genital tubercle and prepuce, with an ectopic urethral opening and epispadias-like phenotype. These mice also developed hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Identification of ISL1 transcriptional targets via ChIP-Seq and expression analyses revealed that Isl1 regulates several important signaling pathways during embryonic genital development, including the BMP, WNT, and FGF cascades. An essential function of Isl1 during development of the external genitalia is to induce Bmp4-mediated apoptosis in the genital mesenchyme. Together, these studies demonstrate that Isl1 plays a critical role during development of the external genitalia and forms the basis for a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of BEEC and urinary tract defects in humans.

To achieve carbon neutrality in the future, the penetration of renewables requires further improvement with the help of energy storage technology. Green hydrogen and green ammonia have been recognized as the optimal candidate for grid-scale energy storage. Except for water electrolysis, biomass chemical looping technology is another clean hydrogen production method with a cross-sector decarbonization feature. As a result, it starts to attract more concerns. In this study, a novel integrated renewable multi-generation system based on chemical looping technology has been proposed. The technical and economic performance is evaluated after optimal planning. Hydrogen and ammonia are served as energy carriers in two scenarios. The results show that the proposed system is profitable, and the ammonia-based scenario is superior to the hydrogen-based scenario. The cumulative cash position and payback period of the hydrogen-based scenario are 210 MUSD and 12 y, compared to 853 MUSD and 6 y in the ammonia-based scenario.

An important event in organogenesis is the formation of signaling centers, which are clusters of growth factor-secreting cells. In the case of tooth development, sequentially formed signaling centers known as the initiation knot (IK) and the enamel knot (EK) regulate morphogenesis. However, despite the importance of signaling centers, their origin, as well as the fate of the cells composing them, remain open questions. Here, using lineage tracing of distinct epithelial populations, we found that the EK of the mouse incisor is derived de novo from a group of SRY-box 2 (Sox2)-expressing cells in the posterior half of the tooth germ. Specifically, EK progenitors are located in the posterior ventral basal layer, as demonstrated by DiI labeling of cells. Lineage tracing the formed EK with ShhCreER , which encodes an inducible Cre recombinase under the control of the Sonic hedgehog promoter, at subsequent developmental stages showed that, once formed, some EK cells in the incisor give rise to differentiated cells, whereas in the molar, EK cells give rise to the buccal secondary EK. This work thus establishes the developmental origin as well as the fate of the EK and reveals two strategies for the emergence of serially formed signaling centers: one through de novo establishment and the other by incorporation of progeny from previously formed signaling centers.

Investigations into stem cell-fueled renewal of an organ benefit from an inventory of cell type-specific markers and a deep understanding of the cellular diversity within stem cell niches. Using the adult mouse incisor as a model for a continuously renewing organ, we performed an unbiased analysis of gene co-expression relationships to identify modules of co-expressed genes that represent differentiated cells, transit-amplifying cells, and residents of stem cell niches. Through in vivo lineage tracing, we demonstrated the power of this approach by showing that co-expression module members Lrig1 and Igfbp5 define populations of incisor epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells. We further discovered that two adjacent mesenchymal tissues, the periodontium and dental pulp, are maintained by distinct pools of stem cells. These findings reveal novel mechanisms of incisor renewal and illustrate how gene co-expression analysis of intact biological systems can provide insights into the transcriptional basis of cellular identity.