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Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) influences climate via cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation resulting from its oxidation products (mainly methanesulfonic acid, MSA, and sulfuric acid, H2SO4). Despite their importance, accurate prediction of MSA and H2SO4from DMS oxidation remains challenging. With comprehensive experiments carried out in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at CERN, we show that decreasing the temperature from +25 to -10 °C enhances the gas-phase MSA production by an order of magnitude from OH-initiated DMS oxidation, while H2SO4production is modestly affected. This leads to a gas-phase H2SO4-to-MSA ratio (H2SO4/MSA) smaller than one at low temperatures, consistent with field observations in polar regions. With an updated DMS oxidation mechanism, we find that methanesulfinic acid, CH3S(O)OH, MSIA, forms large amounts of MSA. Overall, our results reveal that MSA yields are a factor of 2-10 higher than those predicted by the widely used Master Chemical Mechanism (MCMv3.3.1), and the NOxeffect is less significant than that of temperature. Our updated mechanism explains the high MSA production rates observed in field observations, especially at low temperatures, thus, substantiating the greater importance of MSA in the natural sulfur cycle and natural CCN formation. Our mechanism will improve the interpretation of present-day and historical gas-phase H2SO4/MSA measurements. publishedVersion

As an essential energy and chemical base in China, carbon reduction in the Energy "Golden Triangle" (EGT) area is significant. This paper used the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method to analyze the drivers of carbon emissions from secondary industry energy consumption (CESEC) in EGT from 2005 to 2019 and then used the GM (1,1) method to simulate carbon emissions in 2030. Meanwhile, the decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic development was also analyzed using the two-dimensional decoupling model to test the effectiveness of carbon reduction by the region's government. This paper showed the following: (1) CESEC in the EGT area increased from 1.89×10

Aims To assess lipid trajectories throughout pregnancy in relation to early postpartum glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods This prospective cohort study included 221 Chinese women with GDM who completed plasma lipid test in each trimester of pregnancy and oral glucose tolerance test at 6–9 weeks postdelivery between January 1, 2018 and January 8, 2020. Using the group-based trajectory modeling, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-c) were identified separately as three trajectories: low, moderate, and high trajectory. The associations between lipid trajectories and early postpartum glucose intolerance were all evaluated. Results Seventy-three participants developed postpartum glucose intolerance. For patients in low, moderate and high trajectory, the incidence of postpartum glucose intolerance was 38.4%, 34.9%, and 17.9%, respectively. GDM women with lower LDL-c trajectories presented a higher risk of postpartum glucose intolerance. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for glucose intolerance was 3.14 (1.17–8.39) in low LDL-c trajectory and 2.68 (1.05–6.85) in moderate trajectory when compared with the high one. However, TC trajectory was not associated with the risk of postpartum glucose intolerance, nor were TG trajectory and HDL-c trajectory. Moreover, a significant difference of insulin sensitivity was observed in participants with different LDL-c trajectories; participants in high LDL-c trajectory had the highest insulin sensitivity, whereas the women in low LDL-c trajectory had the lowest insulin sensitivity (P = 0.02). Conclusions The high trajectory of LDL-c during pregnancy may play a protective role on postpartum glucose intolerance in women with GDM. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanism. Trial registration The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (reference number: [2014]No. 93). All participants provided written informed consent forms, and the ethics committee approved this consent procedure.

Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are a major source of new particles affecting Earth’s climate1,2. HOM production from the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) occurs during both day and night, and can lead to new particle formation (NPF)3,4. However, NPF involving organic vapors has been reported much more often during daytime3-6 than during nighttime7,8. Here, we show that the nitrate radicals (NO3) - which arise predominantly at night – inhibit NPF during the oxidation of monoterpenes based on three lines of observational evidence: NPF experiments in the CLOUD chamber at CERN; radical chemistry experiments using an oxidation flow reactor; and field observations in a wetland that occasionally exhibits nocturnal NPF. Nitrooxy-peroxy radicals formed from NO3 chemistry suppress the production of ultra-low volatility organic compounds (ULVOCs) responsible for biogenic NPF, which are covalently bound RO2 dimer association products. The ULVOC yield of α-pinene in the presence of NO3 is one-fifth of that resulting from ozone chemistry alone. Even trace amounts of NO3 radicals, at sub parts per trillion level, suppress the NPF rate by a factor of 4. Ambient observations further confirm that when NO3 chemistry is involved, monoterpene NPF is completely turned off. Our results explain the frequent absence of nocturnal biogenic NPF in monoterpene-rich environments.

The full-bridge submodules (FB-SMs) in hybrid modular multilevel converters need to absorb the enormous energy stored in dc side and arm inductors during dc fault blocking, which may lead to severe overvoltage. An energy absorbing branch (EAB) composed of metal oxide varistor (MOV) and thyristors is proposed in this letter. No extra power loss is produced by the EAB during normal operation. The EAB can absorb a part of the energy and reduce the energy absorbed by FB-SMs suffering from severe overvoltage by clamping the dc voltage. Thus, the maximum FB-SM overvoltage is reduced. Turning off the EAB several milliseconds after the blocking of the converter can accelerate the decaying of the dc fault in the transmission line and reduce the required energy volume of MOV with minimal effect on the maximum FB-SM overvoltage. The proposed EAB shows better technical and economic performance than existing methods. The proposed EAB is validated by simulations and experiments.

There is growing recognition that reproductive factors are associated with increased risk of future cardiovascular disease. Infertility has been less well studied, although emerging data support its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether infertility is associated with future risk of heart failure (HF) is not known.This study sought to examine the development of HF and HF subtypes in women with and without history of infertility.We followed postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative prospectively for the development of HF. Infertility was self-reported at study baseline. Multivariable cause-specific Cox models were used to evaluate the association of infertility with incident overall HF and HF subtypes (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF]: left ventricular ejection fraction of ≥50% vs heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [HFrEF]: left ventricular ejection fraction of 50%]).Among 38,528 postmenopausal women (mean age: 63 ± 7 years), 5,399 (14%) participants reported a history of infertility. Over a median follow-up of 15 years, 2,373 developed incident HF, including 807 with HFrEF and 1,133 with HFpEF. Infertility was independently associated with future risk of overall HF (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04-1.30; P = 0.006). Notably, when examining HF subtypes, infertility was associated with future risk of HFpEF (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.09-1.48; P = 0.002) but not HFrEF (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.80-1.18).Infertility was significantly associated with incident HF. This was driven by increased risk of HFpEF, but not HFrEF, and appeared independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and other infertility-related conditions. Future research should investigate mechanisms that underlie the link between infertility and HFpEF.

In this study, a novel method was proposed for preparing high-flux ceramic membranes via digital light processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Two different alumina powders were well dispersed in a photosensitive resin to form a UV-curable slurry for DLP 3D printing. The effects of the grading ratio on the viscosity of the slurry and the porosity, pore size distribution, mechanical strength, roughness, and permeability of the ceramic membranes were systematically investigated. The thermal treatment conditions were also studied and optimized. The obtained ceramic membranes exhibited a uniform pore size distribution, a high porosity, a low tortuosity factor, and an asymmetric structure. The combination of these factors led to a high flux for the 3D-printed ceramic membranes. DLP 3D printing exhibited a good potential to be a strong candidate for the next generation of ceramic membrane fabrication technology.

IntroductionRight ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with increased mortality across a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases. The role of obesity in RV dysfunction and adverse outcomes is unclear.MethodsWe examined patients undergoing right heart catheterization between 2005-2016 in a hospital-based cohort. Linear regression was used to examine the association of obesity with hemodynamic indices of RV dysfunction [pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi), right atrial pressure: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ratio (RAP:PCWP), RV stroke work index (RVSWI)]. Cox models were used to examine the association of RV function measures with clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong 8285 patients (mean age 63 years, 40% women), higher BMI was associated with worse indices of RV dysfunction, including lower PAPi (β -0.26, SE 0.01, p ConclusionsPatients with obesity had worse hemodynamic measured indices of RV function across a broad hospital-based sample. While RV dysfunction was associated with worse clinical outcomes including mortality and HF hospitalization, this association was especially pronounced among individuals with higher BMI.

Objective: Greater parity has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk. We sought to find whether the effects on cardiac remodeling and heart failure risk are clear.Methods: We examined the association of number of live births with echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function in participants of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) using multivariable linear regression. We next examined the association of parity with incident heart failure with preserved (HFpEF) or reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction using a Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards model in a pooled analysis of n = 12,635 participants in the FHS, the Cardiovascular Health Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease. Secondary analyses included major cardiovascular disease, myocardia infarction and stroke.Results: Among n = 3931 FHS participants (mean age 48 ± 13 years), higher numbers of live births were associated with worse left ventricular fractional shortening (multivariable β -1.11 (0.31); P = 0.0005 in ≥ 5 live births vs nulliparous women) and worse cardiac mechanics, including global circumferential strain and longitudinal and radial dyssynchrony (P < 0.01 for all comparing ≥ 5 live births vs nulliparity). When examining HF subtypes, women with ≥ 5 live births were at higher risk of developing future HFrEF compared with nulliparous women (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.19–3.12; P = 0.008); by contrast, a lower risk of HFpEF was observed (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.91; P = 0.02).Conclusions: Greater numbers of live births are associated with worse cardiac structure and function. There was no association with overall HF, but a higher number of live births was associated with greater risk for incident HFrEF.

Background: Systemic inflammation has been implicated in the pathobiology of HFpEF. We examined the association of upstream mediators of inflammation as ascertained by fatty-acid derived eicosanoid and eicosanoid-related metabolites with HFpEF status and exercise manifestations of HFpEF. Methods: We studied 510 participants with chronic dyspnea and preserved LVEF who underwent invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). We examined the association of 890 eicosanoid and eicosanoid-related metabolites ascertained using mass spectrometry with HFpEF status (defined as abnormal rest or exercise PCWP) using multivariable logistic regression (FDR q-value Results: Among 510 participants (mean age 56±16 years, 63% women), 257 had physiologic evidence of HFpEF. We found 70 eicosanoid and eicosanoid-related metabolites were associated with HFpEF status including 17 named and 53 putative eicosanoids and eicosanoid-related metabolites. Specific prostaglandin (15R-PGF2a and 11ß-dhk-PGF2a) and linoleic acid derivatives (12,13 EpOME) were associated with greater odds of HFpEF, whereas epoxide (8(9)-EpETE), docosanoid (13,14-DiHDPA), and oxylipin (12-OPDA) derivatives were associated with lower odds of HFpEF(PConclusions: We found 70 pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoid and eicosanoid-related metabolites that were associated with physiologic HFpEF, including prostaglandin, linoleic acid, and epoxide derivatives. Among these, 18 were associated with future development of heart failure in the community. Further, eicosanoid profiles highlighted contributions to exercise intolerance. Specific eicosanoid and eicosanoid-related metabolites may contribute to the pathogenesis of HFpEF and may serve as potential therapeutic targets for intervention.

There is an increasing tendency to integrate several High-temperature superconducting equipment into a network. Along with it is the increasing demand for cryogenic power switches that could work in the liquid nitrogen (LN2) to reduce temperature transfer areas. However, none of the current AC arc extinguishing mediums could work reliably in the LN2. As the insulation and cooling medium of the HTS equipment, LN2 can be a potential arc extinguishing medium due to its strong cooling effect. However, the AC interruption performance of LN2 is unknown up to now. The objective of this paper is to obtain the AC interruption performance of the LN2. A free-burning type and a magnetic blowout type LN2 switch are tested, respectively. Current ranging from 1 kA to 6.3 kA is conducted. Heat loss of the arcing process is also calculated. Experimental results show that a 2700 A AC is successfully interrupted by the free burning type switch at a 10 mm gap. The increase of the contact gap leads to slight growth in current interruption ability. Meanwhile, the magnetic blowout type can interrupt an AC higher than 6300 A. Based on the high interrupting properties of LN2, a potential application in novel environmentally friendly switchgear is proposed. The LN2 switch in the switchgear can switch the closed-loop current that could be typically more than 50% of the continuous current. Meanwhile, the heat loss generated during the arcing process will not add an extra burden to the cooling system of the switchgear.

The high on-state loss of cryogenic solid-state circuit breakers makes it a heavy burden in realizing the High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) electrical system. Due to the ability to work in cryogenic circumstances and extremely low on-state loss, the LN2 switch shows excellent application potential in the HTS electrical system. However, the effect of the magnetic fields on the arcing process in the LN2 is still unclear. This paper aims to obtain the effect of the magnetic fields on the arcing process in the LN2. Neodymium (NdFeB) magnets are used to provide the changeable magnetic fields. DC interruptions ranging from 200 A to 1800 A are conducted under 0 mT, 20 mT, and 50 mT respectively. A high-speed camera is also employed to capture the arcing process. Arcing in the LN2 under magnetic fields is characterized as the arc dwell period and arc voltage rapidly increasing period, which is quite similar to that in the air, but more frequent arc restrikes are observed. The magnetic fields strengthen the convective arc cooling by mixing the arc with LN2 and the vaporized N2, contributing to the sharp increase in arc voltage. Thus, the magnetic fields significantly increase the arc voltage and its raising rate. 630 V/1038 A is successfully interrupted under the magnetic field of 50 mT in the LN2. The successfully interrupted current increases by 8 times when magnetic fields are applied.

The high conduction loss of solid-state circuit breakers blocks the HTS electrical system implementation for future aircraft. An LN2 switch marries the low conduction loss with good DC interruption performance in the cryogenic circumstance. It shows a fascinating prospect in the HTS electrical system. However, the possible applications of such a novel switch have never been discussed. This paper proposed two potential strategies for applying the LN2 switch into the HTS electrical system. A low voltage experiment is conducted to validate the combination of the SFCL with an LN2 switch. Heat loss is also calculated based on the experimental results. Same level solid-state circuit breakers with cryogenic parameters are set as a fair comparison. A 10 kA prospective short circuit current is limited to 1.4 kA by SFCL within 580 μs and then interrupted by the LN2 switch within 12 ms. The fast response of SFCL compensates for the long clear time of the LN2 switch. Heat loss of this combination is 1/120 of the heat generated by the same level SSCB in an assumed 2-hour flight. With proper design, such a combination could meet the protection requirements of any specific HTS electrical system. Refrigeration system size and weight can be significantly reduced.

Although multiple studies have shown that resettled refugee women are less likely to receive preventative cancer screenings like pap smears and mammograms, a small number have demonstrated the opposite. This retrospective chart review, conducted between January 2017 and October 2018, compares pap smear and mammogram rates of patients seen in a refugee-specific OB/GYN clinic with patients from the general OB/GYN clinic at the same institution. Data from 298 patients (149 refugee and 149 general clinic patients matched by age and date-of-visit) were analyzed. Pap smear screening rates were 90.60% in the refugee group and 73.83% in the general group [p

Limited by large transmission loss, the development of transverse electric (TE) mode silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based on-chip long length chirped grating waveguide faces many difficulties now. To overcome this problem, multi-mode waveguide with a measured transmission loss of 0.7 dB/cm is applied in this paper, and a chirped spiral Bragg grating waveguide (SBGW) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The length of the chirped SBGW reaches 2.7 cm, which is the longest SOI based grating reported so far. The total group delay is measured to be 628 ps, with a structure size of only 0.3 mm2 due to the application of spiral configuration. The slope of the linear dispersion is -27.7 ps/nm. This integrated chirped SBGW shows great compatibility with frequently used TE mode SOI devices and has great potential for applications in microwave photonics requiring dispersion control.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are distinct clinical entities, yet there is scant evidence for associations of proteomic signatures with future development of HFpEF versus HFrEF. Methods: We evaluated the association of 71 protein biomarkers with incident HFpEF versus HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ versus Results: Among 7038 participants (mean age 49 years; 54% women), 5 biomarkers were associated with increased risk of incident HFpEF (false discovery rate qP P P P P =0.001). Fourteen biomarkers were associated with incident HFrEF (multivariable P Conclusions: We identified 5 protein biomarkers of new-onset HFpEF representing pathways of inflammation, cardiac stress, and vascular stiffness, which partly overlapped with HFrEF. We found 14 biomarkers associated with new-onset HFrEF, with some distinct associations including myeloperoxidase, resistin, and paraoxanase-1. Taken together, these findings provide insights into similarities and differences in the development of HF subtypes. Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00005121 ; Unique identifier: NCT0005121.

This study aims to create an all-around insight into the evolutions, status, and global trends of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) research via enhanced bibliometric methods for the 2001–2020 time period. Articles concerning RAS were extracted from the Web of Science database. CiteSpace, Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and Graphpad Prism were employed to analyze publication patterns and research trends. A total of 586 publications related to RAS between 2001 and 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. The researcher Goswami U. made the greatest contribution to this field. The University of Toronto was the institution that published the most articles. Motor dysfunction, sensory perception, and cognition are the three major domains of RAS research. Neural tracking, working memory, and neural basis may be the latest research frontiers. This study reveals the publication patterns and topic trends of RAS based on the records published between 2001 and 2020. The insights obtained provided useful references for the future research and applications of RAS.

A compact and broadband silicon mode-order converter (MOC) scheme by employing reciprocal mode evolution between asymmetric input/output taper and bricked subwavelength gratings (BSWG) is proposed. In the proposed MOC, a quasi-TE0 mode is generated in the BSWG region, which can be regarded as an effective bridge between the two TE modes to be converted. Flexible mode conversion can be realized by only choosing appropriate structure parameters for specific mode transitions between input/output modes and the quasi-TE0 mode. By combing 3D finite difference time domain (FDTD) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, TE0-TE1 and TE0-TE2 MOCs are optimal designed, which can efficiently convert TE0 mode to TE1 and TE2 modes with lengths of 9.39 µm and 11.27 µm, respectively. Results show that the insertion losses of 0-TE1 and TE0-TE2 MOCs, the corresponding working bandwidth are 128 nm (1511∼1639 nm) and 126 nm (1527∼1653 nm), respectively. Additionally, the MOCs can be fabricated with only single etch step with minimum feature size of 145 nm.

This study aimed to evaluate whether FGF19 can alleviate insulin resistance and change the expression of placental IRS1/GLUTs.Mice transgenic for Fgf15 (the murine homologue of human FGF19) were constructed, and human recombinant FGF19 was administered to pregnant high-fat diet mice. Then, glycolipid metabolism parameters and the weight of foetus and placenta were observed. The expression levels of key molecules of the insulin signalling pathway and glucose transporters in placentae were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Primary trophoblasts and JAR cells were cultured in high-glucose medium, and FGF19 was added to observe its regulatory effects on IRS1/GLUTs.Overexpressing FGF15 or exogenously administering FGF19 reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and free fatty acids in pregnant high-fat diet mice compared to control mice (P 0.05). FGF15/FGF19 did not significantly affect placental weight, foetal weight or litter size (P 0.05). In addition, FGF15/FGF19 upregulated the expression of p-IRS1 and GLUT4 in the placentae of high-fat diet mice and upregulated GLUT1 levels in the placentae of normal diet-fed mice (P 0.05), while it did not significantly alter total IRS1 and GLUT3 levels (P 0.05). Consistent with the results of the animal experiments, FGF19 increased the expression of p-IRS1 and GLUT4 in trophoblast cells cultured in high-glucose medium (P 0.05).Overexpressing FGF15 or administering FGF19 to pregnant high-fat diet mice can improve glycolipid metabolism and alleviate systemic and local insulin resistance. The possible underlying mechanism may involve upregulation of placental expression of p-IRS1 and GLUT4.

The luminescent bacteria bioassay has been commonly used in the detection of environmental pollutants. Compared with traditional chemical and other biological detection methods, the luminescent bacteria bioassay has many demonstrated advantages such as a sensitive response, low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. The traditional luminescent bacteria bioassay has poor reproducibility and cannot achieve undisturbed soil testing, and the use of leach liquor also affects the results. This paper reviews the research progress and existing issues for the traditional luminescent bacteria bioassay used in the detection of soil pollutants. The luminescence mechanisms and detection principles of three commonly used luminescent bacteria, i.e., Vibrio fischeri, Photobacterium phosphoreum, and Vibrio qinghaiensis, are discussed and compared. In addition, two new luminescent bacteria bioassays are introduced to detect soil pollutants. One method is based on recombinant luminescent bacteria obtained with a gene-modification technique. This method can realize specific detection and enhance sensitivity, but it still cannot achieve undisturbed soil detection. The other method involves using magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based biosensors made from luminescent bacteria and MNPs. It can realize the accurate detection of the biological toxicity of the combined pollutants in soil without disturbing the soil’s integrity. This study shows that MNP-based biosensors have good application prospects in soil pollution detection, but the mechanism behind their utility still needs to be investigated to realize their popularization and application.

Aims/Introduction To evaluate whether the neonatal birthweight (NBW) is associated with early postpartum glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods A total of 1,113 women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus who completed an oral glucose tolerance test at 6–9 weeks postpartum between 1 April 2014 and 8 January 2020 were included in this observational prospective cohort study. They were grouped by neonatal birthweight quartiles, and the odds ratios of postpartum glucose intolerance for different levels of neonatal birthweight were assessed. Results A lower NBW quartile was associated with an increased maternal risk of postpartum glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes mellitus. The adjusted odds ratios for maternal glucose intolerance were 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.13–2.51) in the lowest NBW quartile (NBW 1,980–2,930 g) when compared with the highest NBW quartile (NBW 3,410–4,610 g). The association between lower NBW and maternal glucose intolerance was significantly stronger in women who delivered a girl. Additionally, NBW ≥3,100 g appears to be associated with a lower risk of maternal glucose intolerance postpartum. Conclusions Our findings suggest that low NBW is a previously unrecognized risk factor for maternal glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes in early postpartum in South China., The present cohort study showed there were significantly inverse, graded associations between neonatal birthweight and the risk of maternal postpartum glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes mellitus. This study is the first to our knowledge to provide evidence that lower neonatal birthweight is a risk factor for early postpartum glucose disturbance after gestational diabetes mellitus.

Virtual reality (VR) video services are becoming increasingly popular in Internet of Things (IoT) owing to its immersive experience. The realization of immersive experience relies on extremely large amount of data transmitted, restricting its application. To meet the transmission requirement of VR video services, this paper designs a user-centric network based on the mobile edge computing (MEC) framework, where the 2D/3D field of view (FOV) files can be cached and the projection process from 2D FOV to 3D FOV can be computed at the VR device or MEC servers collaboratively. Based on this, a cooperative caching and computing-offloading strategy is formulated as a decision matrix, and its optimal closed-form expression is obtained by minimizing the transmission requirement under the strict service time constraint to realize the trade-off between communication, caching and computing (3C trade-off). Besides, the effect of the transmission requirement on the network density is also analyzed to provide useful guidelines for network design. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve quasi-optimal performance compared with other contrasting schemes.

Improving the accuracy of wind power forecasting can guarantee the stable dispatch and safe operation of the grid system. Here, we propose an EMD-PCA-RF-LSTM wind power forecasting model to solve problems in traditional wind power forecasting such as incomplete consideration of influencing factors, inaccurate feature identification, and complex space–time relationships between variables. The proposed model incorporates Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Random Forest (RF), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks, And environmental factors are filtered by the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm when pre-processing the data. First, the environmental factors are extended by the EMD algorithm to reduce the non-stationarity of the series. Second, the key influence series are extracted by the PCA algorithm in order to remove noisy information, which can seriously interfere with the data regression analysis. The data are then subjected to further feature extraction by calculating feature importance through the RF algorithm. Finally, the LSTM algorithm is used to perform dynamic time modeling of multivariate feature series for wind power forecasting. The above combined model is beneficial for analyzing the effects of different environmental factors on wind power and for obtaining more accurate prediction results. In a case study, the proposed combined forecasting model was verified using actual measured data from a power station. The results indicate that the proposed model provides the most accurate results when compared to benchmark models: MSE 7.26711 MW, RMSE 2.69576 MW, MAE 1.73981 MW, and adj-R2 0.9699203s.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Loop diuretic use during maintenance haemodialysis (HD), including use of very high doses in Europe, is thought to maintain diuresis and reduce interdialytic weight gain, but is based on little evidence, with impact on clinical outcomes unclear. To help better inform international therapeutic strategies, we investigate regional variation in loop diuretic use and dosing strategies. METHOD This study included 71 756 HD patients from the international Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) phases 2–5 (2002–15), including 27 759 patients with dialysis vintage (time since HD initiation) RESULTS Diuretic use varied widely by country, ranging at vintage 80% in Germany and Sweden to 5 years, diuretic use was 30%–35% in Germany and Sweden and 90% of diuretic prescriptions were for loop diuretics. Loop diuretic dose varied widely across countries. Among patients with vintage CONCLUSION We observed substantial international differences in diuretic prescription patterns to HD patients, with usage and doses much higher in some European countries than the US, where high-dose formulations are not available. The potential impact of diuretic prescription patterns on outcomes, including residual urine volume, volume-related complications and others should be investigated.

Few studies have suggested that long-term adherence to low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) may affect maternal glucose metabolism in Western countries. We aimed to investigate the association between LCD during pregnancy and glucose metabolism in a Chinese population. A total of 1018 women in mid-pregnancy were recruited in 2017–2018. Participants underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Daily dietary intakes over the past month were accessed using a validated FFQ. The overall, animal and vegetable LCD scores which represent adherence to different low-carbohydrate dietary patterns were calculated. Mixed linear regression and generalised linear mixed regression were conducted to evaluate the associations between LCD scores and maternal glucose metabolism. Of the 1018 subjects, 194 (19·1 %) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The overall LCD score (β: 0·024, se 0·008, PFDR = 0·02) and animal LCD score (β: 0·023, se 0·008, PFDR = 0·02) were positively associated with OGTT 1-h glucose. No significant associations were found between the three different LCD scores with fasting plasma glucose, OGTT 2-h glucose, or insulin resistance, respectively. Compared with the lowest quartile, the crude OR of GDM for the highest quartile were 1·84 (95 % CI 1·14, 2·95) for overall LCD score (Pfor trend = 0·02) and 1·56 (95 % CI 1·00, 2·45) for animal LCD score (Pfor trend = 0·02). However, these associations became non-significant after adjustment for covariates. In conclusion, a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern with high animal protein and fat is associated with higher postprandial 1-h glucose levels in Chinese pregnant women.

Intelligent edge computing carries out edge devices of the Internet of things (IoT) for data collection, calculation and intelligent analysis, so as to proceed data analysis nearby and make feedback timely. Because of the mobility of mobile equipments (MEs), if MEs move among the reach of the small cell networks (SCNs), the offloaded tasks cannot be returned to MEs successfully. As a result, migration incurs additional costs. In this paper, joint task offloading and migration schemes in mobility-aware Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) network based on Reinforcement Learning (RL) are proposed to obtain the maximum system revenue. Firstly, the joint optimization problems of maximizing the total revenue of MEs are put forward, in view of the mobility-aware MEs. Secondly, considering time-varying computation tasks and resource conditions, the mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem is described as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Then we propose a novel reinforcement learning-based optimization framework to work out the problem, instead traditional methods. Finally, it is shown that the proposed schemes can obviously raise the total revenue of MEs by giving simulation results.