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Background: Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) defines an important stage in the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Objective: To establish a mouse model of AFLD.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following two groups: (i) a control group, which was allowed free access to food and water and (ii) an alcohol-treated group, which was administered a 15% (v/v) alcohol solution instead of water. After 8-9 months of treatment, serum biochemical indexes, histopathological changes, liver triglyceride content, iron storage, and ferritin light chain protein expression were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, a commercially available kit, Prussian blue staining, and Western blot analysis, respectively.Results: Compared with the control group, the alcohol-treated group displayed increased levels of serum LDH, ALT, and AST, decreased levels of ALB, and no significant change in levels of TP. Additionally, increased levels of serum TG, T-CHO, and LDL and decreased levels of serum GLU and HDL were observed in the alcohol-treated mice. HE staining showed that lipid vacuolization occurred in the livers of alcohol-treated mice. The alcohol-treated mice also exhibited increased liver triglyceride content. Moreover, Prussian blue staining and Western blot analysis demonstrated that chronic alcohol administration caused iron overloading of the liver.Conclusions: Chronic administration of 15% (v/v) alcohol in the drinking water over 8-9 months caused AFLD in mice. Our results establish an AFLD model that represents a promising tool for the future study of the progression of ALD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In former comparative researches on the Cross-strait Chinese varieties, people have tended to he more concerned with macroscopic aspects and some `big' subjects, which is understandable to some extent, but has apparent deficiencies. One of the severest is that the observation, description and interpretation at the micro level are hard to be sufficient, which hence affects the quality research. This paper presents a microscopic comparison and explains its necessity and importance. The investigation of Eryi at the two aides of the Taiwan Strait suggests that, in addition to the `difference-fusion' model, there is another one, namely, `difference' only and no fusion. That it, the micro-contrastive perspective can better reveal the difference model and its development. The paper then puts forward a concept celled `speech community characteristic word' by using `dialect characteristic word' for reference. Such characteristic words, for the present author, should be preferred for the micro-contrastive observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationality testification of modeling assumptions of inference model and calculation of risk rate under incomplete conditions of dynamic control of the reservoir limit water level aren' t solved. Take Baiguishan Reservoir that is in intake area of south-to-north water diversion as an example, Bayes theorem is applied to testifying that modeling assumptions of inference model of dynamic control of the reservoir limit water level is rational. And a new inference model which is established by risk rate under complete conditions is more logical and feasible than actual inference model. This result can not only ensure. the safety of flood control, but also increase the utilization rate of the flood resource. Furthermore, it can provide references with promoting the use of the dynamic control of the reservoir limit water level method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the expression of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus (BVDV) into Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The cloned E2 gene of BVDV Changchun 184 strain was injected to the shuttle expression plasmid vector pMV261 resulting to pMV261-E2. The pMV261-E2 is then transformed into kanamycin-resistant recombinant BCG.

As loads connected to active distribution network (ADN) grow, ADN's voltage safety issues are becoming more serious. At present, the solution is mainly to build more distributed generation (DG) or to adjust the reactive power in the whole network, but the former needs a lot of investment while the latter requires a large amount of communication equipment and it takes a long time to calculate the adjustment amount of reactive power and to coordinate reactive power compensation equipment. When the loads are heavy, there will still be drawbacks of insufficient reactive power. Therefore, this paper analyzes the relationship between the active power, reactive power, and the voltage in the ADN. Through the autonomous region (AR) division, a voltage control method based on the active power variation and adjustable power in the AR is proposed. According to the relationship between the amount of active power and the adjustable amount active power, the active power control, the reactive power control, and the coordinated control of active power reactive power control are adopted to adjust the DGs' output to stabilize the bus voltage. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the voltage control capability of ADN and can enable it to operate normally under greater power changes. Through the control method in this paper, the communication requirements are greatly reduced and the calculation time is effectively shortened and is more adaptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In epithelial cells, tyrosine kinases induce tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the E-cadherin complex, which is responsible for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear.Methods: Protein antibody microarray analysis and E3 ligase profiling were performed to detect the unique E3 ligase underlying E-cadherin downregulation in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Gene knockdown was performed using viral shRNA. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and xenograft models in vivo were integratively applied to explore RNF43-induced EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.Results: Protein antibody microarray analysis and E3 ligase profiling revealed that the RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) was linked to E-cadherin downregulation within the context of c-Src activation in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. In addition, the c-Src-Caspase-8 interaction markedly increased c-Src activity. Activated c-Src phosphorylated E-cadherin at the tyrosine 797 site to initiate RNF43-mediated E-cadherin ubiquitination at lysine 816 and subsequent degradation, thus allowing the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and upregulation of Vimentin and RNF43 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Decreased E-cadherin expression and increased Vimentin expression induced the EMT phenotype and promoted tumor metastasis. The Frizzled 8 (Frz8)-RNF43-induced ubiquitination of phosphorylated E-cadherin was blocked by a monoclonal antibody against the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of Frz8 but not by antibodies against the protease domain (PA) of RNF43.Conclusions: Our data suggest that RNF43 participates in the regulation of EMT in the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma through the ubiquitination and degradation of phosphorylated E-cadherin by activated c-Src. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]