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The purposes of the study were to determine the health literacy levels of Latinos in the Greater Cincinnati Area in both English and Spanish by utilizing two standardized quantitative measures of health literacy, and to undertake an assessment of the relationship between language, health literacy and acculturation in this community. Given a rapid increase in the Latino immigrant population in the Midwest, data on health literacy and acculturation were needed. A convenience sample of 214 Latinos was recruited in the Greater Cincinnati Area. Semi-structured interviews in English or Spanish included three validated scales: one for linguistic proficiency, and two for health literacy levels. Results showed that most participants chose to be surveyed in Spanish and that 2/3 were married or living together, well-educated and under the age of 40 years. Almost half had more than high school education and half reported annual income under $16,000. 60% had lived in the USA 10 years or less. Almost half were born in Mexico and about a quarter in Central America. Most participants had low acculturation to US culture and low health literacy and English reading ability. Lower acculturation was associated with lower health literacy. Recommendations for Health Education practice are presented.

Background: Sleep deprivation is a world-wide health concern. Few studies have examined the sleep behaviors of those employed in the education field. Purpose: To describe the sleep habits and concerns of school personnel in a Midwest school corporation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data about demographics, the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Measure, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and sleep concerns. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate procedures. Results: Almost 25% of teachers reported daily activities were impaired by sleepiness and 43% slept an average of six hours or less per night. Female respondents reported significantly poorer sleep. Overall, school employees experienced more sleep problems than reported by the general U.S. population. Discussion: This study confirmed the existence of sleep deprivation among school personnel. Sleepy teachers are at higher risk of providing insufficient supervision and inferior instruction. They also report more mood swings and are at higher risk for health problems. Little attention has been given to the sleep concerns and behaviors of school personnel, and there is a need for further research. Translation to Health Education Practice: Education regarding the importance of sleep and how to get a good night's sleep should be included in employee wellness programming. (Contains 4 tables.)

We propose and test a theoretical perspective in which a universal hallmark of successful literacy acquisition is the convergence of the speech and orthographic processing systems onto a common network of neural structures, regardless of how spoken words are represented orthographically in a writing system. During functional MRI, skilled adult readers of four distinct and highly contrasting languages, Spanish, English, Hebrew, and Chinese, performed an identical semantic categorization task to spoken and written words. Results from three complementary analytic approaches demonstrate limited language variation, with speech-print convergence emerging as a common brain signature of reading proficiency across the wide spectrum of selected languages, whether their writing system is alphabetic or logographic, whether it is opaque or transparent, and regardless of the phonological and morphological structure it represents.

This paper documents and evaluates the Philippine training course for physicians on the assessment and management of drug dependence to provide a model by which other groups may approach capacity development for drug-dependence rehabilitation. Using a case study approach, training-related documents and records for all training activities conducted between 2013 and 2017 were retrieved and reviewed to describe the training process and training outputs. The basic training course is a two-week, locally-developed program of five modules that covers the theoretical and practical aspects of the assessment and management of drug dependence. A total of 208 physicians from across the country were trained and accredited between 2013 and 2017. Paired-samples t-test on the examination scores of 136 participants showed that there was a significant difference in the pre-test (29.71 [plus minus] 3.95) and the post-test (40.31 [plus minus] 4.90) scores; t(135) = 22.4797, p = <0.0001.

Background: Previous research suggests that it is important to use parental reports when assessing children's anxiety, but it remains unclear to what extent there are differences between mothers' and fathers' scores and whether these potential differences have any repercussions for the psychometric properties of the scale being used. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate parental differences on the Parent version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised (SCARED-RP), a rating scale for measuring child anxiety symptoms. The second aim was to re-examine the reliability and validity of the SCARED-RP, in light of these possible differences. Methods: The SCARED-RP and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) were administered to parents of clinically anxious children (n = 81), and control children (n = 108). All children (n = 189) completed the SCARED-R. Results: Significant correlations between mother and father reports were found within the clinically anxious sample. Mothers showed significantly more correspondence with their children in the control group than fathers. The SCARED-RP internal consistency on total scale was excellent (mothers: 0.94; fathers: 0.94) and moderate to good for all subscales (from 0.66 Situational-Environmental Phobia to 0.93 Animal Phobia). The SCARED-RP differentiated well between clinically anxious and control children (mother and father data). The concurrent validity was supported by strong correlations with the CBCL anxious-depressed scale. Conclusion: Differences between mother and father reports suggest the importance of obtaining information from both parents separately. Furthermore, the SCARED-RP is a useful instrument for assessing children's anxiety disorder symptoms in clinical and research settings.