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Purpose: to carry out an analysis of the problems of legal regulation of combating discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, taking into account theoretical and practical aspects; to analyze the norms of the Laws of Ukraine: "On the principles of preventing and countering discrimination in Ukraine", "On ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men", "On introducing amendments to the Code of Labor Laws of Ukraine on harmonizing legislation in the field of preventing and countering discrimination with the law of the European Union" regarding the legal definition of the concept of "sexual orientation" at the level of the law; to carry out a legal analysis of the compliance of the labor legislation of Ukraine with the basic values defined by the European Social Charter (revised) in the edition of 09.07.2016, as well as the content of the Recommendations of the International Labor Organization on the issue of discrimination in the field of work and occupation No. 111 of 06.25.1958. Research methods: general scientific and special methods were used to achieve the goal of the scientific work. Results: it is claimed that the national legislation of Ukraine on labor requires the implementation of democratic norms of European society with the need for additional regulation of certain issues of countering manifestations of discrimination in labor relations. Problematic issues of national labor legislation regarding the prevention of discrimination based on sexual orientation are highlighted, appropriate conclusions are drawn and solutions are proposed. Discussion: the issue of the spread of discrimination based on sexual orientation in labor relations is raised. Мета: здійснити аналіз проблем правового регулювання протидії дискримінації за ознакою сексуальної орієнтації з урахуванням теоретичного та практичного аспекту; проаналізувати норми національного трудового законодавства щодо проблематики правового визначення терміну «сексуальна орієнтація». Методи дослідження: під час наукового дослідження були застосовані загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи. Результати: аргументується, що національне законодавство України про працю потребує імплементації демократичних норм європейського суспільства з необхідністю додаткового врегулювання окремих питань протидії проявам дискримінації у трудових відносинах. Обговорення: піднімається проблематика поширення дискримінації за ознакою сексуальної орієнтації у трудових відносинах. more...

U demokratski uređenim društvima vlast proizlazi iz naroda, odnosno članova toga društva, stoga su izbori i izborni sustav jedni od ključnih elemenata izgradnje moderne, demokratski ustrojene države. Država oblikuje vlastiti izborni sustav prema političkoj kulturi, tradiciji, veličini državnog teritorija te političkoj organizaciji, a svaka izmjena sustava može imati značajne posljedice na sve članove političke zajednice. Politički teoretičari i znanstvenici u stalnoj su potrazi za najpravednijim i najboljim izbornim sustavom te upravo zato postoji više vrsta i podvrsta, kao što su većinski, razmjerni te kombinirani izborni sustav. Cilj ovog rada je pobliže objasniti problematiku izbornih sustava, definirati model kombiniranog izbornog sustava te njegove podvrste i klasifikaciju te analizirati spomenuti model na primjerima Hrvatske, Mađarske, Rumunjske, Bugarske i Litve., In democratically organized societies, power comes from the people, that is, members of that society, therefore elections and the electoral system are one of the key elements of building a modern, democratically organized state. The state forms its own electoral system according to political culture, tradition, the size of the state territory and political organization, and any change to the system can have significant consequences for all members of the political community. Political theorists and scientists are constantly searching for the fairest and best electoral system, which is precisely why there are several types and subtypes, such as majority, proportional and mixed-member electoral systems. The aim of this paper is to explain in more detail the issues of electoral systems, to define the model of the mixed-member electoral system and its subtypes and classification, and to analyze the mentioned model on the examples of Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania. more...

Justice has a high status in Islamic societies, and as one of the most important human ideals, has long been the focus of thinkers and researchers. In fact, when the citizens do not understand the presence of justice in the behaviour of the officials of their society, their trust in the current procedures, and consequently the public participation will be affected. Considering the importance of the subject, the present study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of perception of justice on citizens’ trust and participation in the creation of a democratic Islamic society. The statistical population of this research included 3578 Indonesian Muslim citizens in 2022, and the research questionnaires were distributed among them. Data analyses were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) statistical software. The results of statistical analyses indicated that the perception of Islamic justice does not have a significant effect on the participation of Muslims in creating a democratic Islamic society. In addition, the perception of Islamic justice has a positive effect on the trust in officials of the Islamic society. Moreover, trust in the officials of the Islamic society positively affects the citizens’ participation in creating a democratic Islamic society.Contribution: According to the results of this research, it is necessary for the officials of the Islamic society to use all their efforts in creating a justice-oriented Islamic society in order to create trust among the citizens, and to involve Muslims in development decisions and to establish democratic Islamic society. more...