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We present magnetic properties of bilayers consisting of antiferromagnetic CoO and ferromagnetic PtCo film structure on Si (001) as Pt/PtCo/Pt/CoO/Pt. The CoO layer and the PtCo layer thickness were kept constant (10 nm). In order to prevent PtCo ferromagnetic layer from oxidation, thin Pt (4 Å) spacer layer was grown between PtCo and CoO layers. The chemical composition of PtCo layers were changed from 0.1 to 0.5 and the exchange bias effect and blocking temperature of the structures were determined. Composition dependence of magnetization measurements showed that exchange bias effect took maximum value in PtCo/Pt/CoO; on the other hand, its minimum value was observed on PtCo/Pt/CoO. The spacer layer supplied positive contribution for exchange bias (EB) effect compared to bilayers without Pt spacer layer. The other result from composition-dependent measurements indicates that blocking temperatures exhibited oscillatory behavior and the highest value was obtained from PtCo/Pt/CoO whereas the lowest value was measured from PtCo/Pt/CoO. Blocking temperatures of all samples were lower than the Néel temperature of bulk CoO. According to these results, the manipulation of interface between PtCo and CoO layers gives us the possibility of tuning exchange bias effect with Pt concentration, temperature, and spacer Pt layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research letter was to describe the use of N-carbamoyl-L-glutamate as first-line treatment of hyperammonemia in a 4-month-old female patient with propionic acidemia (PA). METHODS: A 4-month-old female patient weighing 3.9 kg presented with decompensation with PA and initial hyperammonemia of 451 microg/dL. The patient was receiving a protein-restricted diet supplemented with L-carnitine at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/d during 2 consecutive months. Treatment with N-carbamoyl-L-glutamate was administered during 4 days on an outpatient basis at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/d, representing a dosage of 200 mg BID. The patient's hyperammonemia was monitored for 1 week. RESULTS: The patient's ammonia concentration started to decrease on the first day of the initiation of the treatment with N-carbamoyl-L-glutamate, from 451 to 68 microg/dL (normal range, 10-80 microg/dL) at day 6 of follow-up. The patient did not require intravenous fluids, invasive procedures, or hospitalization. CONCLUSION: N-carbamoyl-L-glutamate, combined with a protein-restricted diet and L-carnitine supplementation, was apparently effective as first-line treatment of hyperammonemia in this infant with PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedunculated submucosal myomas are generally associated with infertility and are most often encountered during the preconception period. This report describes a 38-y-old pregnant woman in whom a pedunculated submucosal myoma resulted in preterm labor and was successfully removed vaginally at 26 wk gestation. The procedure described here is simple and quick and can be performed during pregnancy, if necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Octreotide derived radiolabelled peptides have been widely used for somatostatin receptor (sstr) imaging. Clinically used radiopeptides exclusively target sstr subtype 2. But radiolabeled Lanreotide has been claimed to bind sstr 2, 3 and 5. Aim(s): In our study, we aimed to compare distribution and visualization of tumors and organs with 68Ga-DOTALAN with 68Ga-DOTATATE (characterized by a very high affinity for sstr2) in the same patient group. Materials and methods: Fifteen patients (F/M:8/7, mean age 49.8) with a diagnosis of primary or recurrent NETs were prospectively examined. Patients were injected with DOTATATE and DOTALAN at least in eight-hours intervals. Images were evaluated visually and physiological uptakes were calculated. Results: In five patients (33%), no pathologic uptake was seen with both tracers. In four patients, (27%) DOTATATE was positive and in one patient (7%) only DOTALAN was positive. In five patients (33%), pathologic uptake was seen with both radiotracers. Forty-seven pathologic lesions were detected with DOTATATE and 17 with DOTALAN. DOTALAN has different biodistribution and image characteristics. DOTALAN has high background activity and bone marrow uptake which makes it difficult to interpret. Also high physiological uptake was observed in lymph nodes with DOTALAN. Conclusion: The image quality of DOTALAN is worse than that of DOTATATE, based on possible affinity and chemical structure differences. DOTALAN may be of advantage in certain patient groups with tumors expressing predominantly other receptor subtypes that SSTR2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Since Ga68 DOTATATE has a high affinity to only sstr2 but no affinity to sstr3 and sstr5, Ga68 DOTANOC has been suggested to be a better radioligand with higher affinity to sstr3 and sstr5 and high affinity to sstr2, as well. Aim(s): In this study, we aimed to compare early and late image quality of DOTANOC in sstr positive organ and tumor by using SUVmax and to show in vivo stability of radiopeptide during examination time. Materials and methods: Sixteen patients (F/M:8/8, mean age 54.72±14.61) with NET were injected with 68Ga-DOTANOC, and whole body PET/CT images were acquired for 30-60-90 min. Images were evaluated visually and SUVmax values obtained in different time points from sstr expressing organs and lesions were compared. Urine samples were obtained from five patients at 30 min and 120 min after radiopeptide administration. Blood samples were also obtained from these patients before radiopeptide application. Radiolabeled metabolites in blood and urine were analyzed by using HPLC. Results: Initial biological stability analysis in urine and blood showed that DOTANOC was stable in assay media up to two hours. The late image quality of DOTANOC was not different than that of early DOTANOC and it did not provide additional information according to lesion numbers and localisation. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in physiological or pathologic uptakes between time periods. Conclusion: Ga68 DOTANOC PET/CT can be used safely in the diagnosis and follow-up of NET patients after 30-90 min injection of radiopeptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the affliction of Orchis laxiflora with Sclerotinia minor in Erzurum, Turkey. Initial symptoms; Soft, watery rot at the crown and stem of the orchid; Absence of disease symptoms from uninoculated plants; Diseases caused by S. minor on an extremely broad range of host plants worldwide.

Focuses on the first reported observation of Rhizoctonia solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia isolates on Johnsongrass, a weed in agricultural fields in Turkey. Symptoms of the infected plants; Pathogenicity of all isolates; Areas where plant samples were collected.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety disorders, its correlation with sociodemographic characteristics, its comorbidities with other psychiatric disorders and its predictors in school-aged children. Methods: This study is part of a representative, multi-centered national study that is planned by the Turkish Association of Child and Adolescent Mental Health to evaluate the prevalence of psychopathology among elementary school students in Turkey between the years 2014–2015. Children are screened via Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children Present and Lifetime Version. Impairment is assessed by a 3-point Likert type scale independently by the parent and the teacher. The final sample included 5842 children with the mean age of 8.7 years. Results: The prevalence of any anxiety disorder without considering impairment is 16.7% and considering impairment is 5.2% in children according to our study. We found significant differences for comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Disruptive Behavior Disorder, Mood Disorders, Tic Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Enuresis Nocturna, Encopresis, and Intellectual Disability. Having a history of paternal physical disorder, living in the regions of Marmara, Mediterranean and Black Sea were found to be the main predictors of having childhood anxiety disorders according to the logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Better understanding of childhood anxiety disorders, comorbid conditions and predictors will result in earlier diagnosis and more appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The removal of bilateral olfactory bulbs (OBs) can result in serious behavioral, neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and neuroimmune alterations in depressed patients. However, there is little information on how olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) leads to depression. Habenular nuclei and their connections are important in the regulation of psychomotor and psychosocial behaviors through afferent impulses of the olfactory system. Therefore, we investigated whether OB lesions lead to habenular degeneration. We used a sample of 50 rats (25 female and 25 male) for this study. Of these rats, five male and five female rats were taken as the control group. The remaining 40 rats (20 male and 20 female rats) constituted the study group, and frontal burr holes were performed at the OB level on these rats. OB cauterization was applied to 10 male and 10 female rats (n =10, 10; study group 1), mechanical OBX was applied to five male and five female rats (n =5, 5; study group 2), and no procedure was performed on the remaining 10 rats (n =5, 5). The psychomotor movements; pregnancy rates; and sexual, feeding, maternal, social, and grooming behaviors for both study groups were observed daily for 3 months. Their OBs, olfactory cortices, and habenular complexes were examined using stereological methods. All of the animals in the study groups, especially in the cauterization group, demonstrated anorexia, nutritional disorders, weight loss, psychomotor retardation, sexual aversion, decreased grooming behavior, and reduced social interaction similar to depression symptoms. As compared to the control group, the pregnancy rates, number of offspring per mother rat, and birth weights in the study groups were lower, whereas the number of stillbirths was higher. Gross anatomical examinations revealed that the OBs of all of the animals in the study groups were atrophied. Histopathological examinations detected prominent neuronal loss due to apoptosis in the habenular structures in the study groups. We detected a relationship between a decreased healthy neuronal density of the habenula and depressive symptomatology in rats with OBX. We suggest that olfaction disorders might cause neuropsychiatric disorders by affecting neuronal degeneration in habenular nuclei. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: TiO2 coatings were formed on the surface of CP-Ti by AC pulse micro-arc oxidation. The structural, mechanical, corrosion and tribological properties were analyzed by using XRD, SEM, microhardness tester, surface profilometer, electrochemical polarization unit and pin-on-disk tribotester. Potential, solution, frequency and duration time were chosen as the coating parameters and three levels for each parameter were determined. By determining the corrosion current density, corrosion potential, wear rate, friction coefficient and surface hardness, the optimum working conditions were determined by using a Taguchi design of experiment. After micro-arc oxidation, the aim is to minimize current density, the friction coefficient and the wear rate and to maximize corrosion potential and surface hardness after micro-arc oxidation. While the optimum conditions were determined, due to existence of more than one goal, a trade-off among goals was considered. First of all, each goal was optimized separately, and then all the goals were optimized together, considering the priority of the goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]