Search

Dinoponera lucida (Formicidae; Ponerinae) is an extinction-threatened species of ant which is endemic in the central corridor of the Atlantic Forest. We used mitochondrial sequences of the Cox1, Cox2 and Cytb genes in order to infer some aspects of the evolutionary history and phylogeography of this ant. High genetic divergence and population structure were observed for the whole species. The current pattern of D. lucida diversity seems to be shaped during different geological times: middle Pliocene, early Pleistocene and mainly late Pleistocene, when the reduction of populations generated a structure pattern of the genetic variation of this species. Our data show that this structure results from the maintenance of populations of D. lucida within very small putative refuges to the south of the central Bahia refugium. We thus argue that, for some Atlantic forest endemic species, especially those resistant to very small fragments of forest, such as D. lucida, the small putative refuges were as important as, or even more important than, larger and stable refuges for the creation and maintenance of diversity, adding another piece to the puzzle of the mechanisms underlying local endemism.

Nosocomial infections bring a high risk to the health of hospital patients and employees. Ants are common organisms in Brazilian hospitals, where they can act as dispersers of opportunistic microorganisms in places they forage. The occurrence of multi-resistant bacteria carried by ants was analyzed in two public hospitals (HA and HB) in southeastern Bahia, Brazil. In these two hospitals 132 workers belonging to three ant species were collected. The bacteria associated to these ants were identified and their susceptibility to antibiotics was evaluated. More than half (57.3%) of ants collected in HA were associated with some kind of bacteria, with 26.7% of them being opportunist bacteria, while 84,2% of the ants from HB presented associated bacteria growth, with 61.4% of them being opportunist bacteria. Twenty four species of bacteria were isolated. The Gram-positive bacilli of the genus Bacillus were the most frequent, followed by the Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative bacilli (family Enterobacteriaceae) and Gram-negative non-fermenters bacilli. The profile of sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to drugs pointed out the existence of multi-resistant isolates carried by ants. For the first time, are reported cases of the same bacterial resistant isolates taken form homospecific ant workers that point out the importance of ants to bacteria dissemination and proliferation in a hospital. Our results suggest that the risk of contamination presented by these ants is similar to the one of any other mechanical vector of bacterial dissemination.

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar se Parisoschoenus obesulus Casey só ataca frutos em processo de abortamento natural e, portanto, não é praga de frutos jovens do coqueiro. Para testar a hipótese, inflorescências em diversos estágios de desenvolvimento fisiológico foram oferecidas a indivíduos de P. obesulus. Os resultados mostraram que somente frutos abortivos foram colonizados por P. obesulus aceitando-se, portanto, a hipótese estabelecida. This study aimed to evaluate if Parisoschoenus obesulus Casey only attacks naturally aborting coconuts and, consequently, is not a pest of young fruits of coconut tree. Aiming to test this hypothesis, inflorescences at diverse stages of physiological development were offered to individuals of P. obesulus. The results showed that only aborting fruits were colonized by P. obesulus corroborating the established hypothesis.

Ectatomma parasiticum Feitosa & Fresneau, sp. nov. Figures 1, 2 Holotype gyne. MEXICO: Apazapan, Veracruz, 19 �� 19 ��� 38 ���N 96 �� 43 ��� 21 ���W, ix. 1999, D. Fresneau col. [INEC]. Paratypes. same data as holotype (1 gyne) [CPDC]; (1 gyne) [UNCB]; (1 gyne) [INEC]; vii. 2000, D. Fresneau & R. Hora cols. (1 gyne) [LACM]; (2 gynes) [MZSP]; (1 gyne) [USNM]. Diagnosis. Size relatively small (WL approximately 3.80 mm); clypeus and frontal area without sculpture; antennal scapes longer than the maximum head width (SI> 108); petiole relatively thick in lateral view. Gyne description. Holotype (paratypes): HL 2.10 (2.06���2.16); HW 1.85 (1.73���1.88); SL 2.04 (1.92��� 2.06); EL 0.51 (0.50���0.58); PW 1.69 (1.62���1.77); WL 3.88 (3.65���4.04); PTL 0.79 (0.78���0.88); PTW 0.92 (0.92���1.07); CI 88.07 (84.11���88.89); SI 110.42 (108.57���113.04); OI 27.50 (27.50���31.25); PTI 85 (82.14��� 85.71). Color yellowish brown to dark reddish brown, including appendages. Mandibles finely and densely striate, with sparse piligerous punctures; clypeus, genae, and frontal area predominantly smooth, but opaque; dorsal surface of head densely and coarsely reticulated, except for the areas of antennal articulations, which are finely punctate; ventral surface of head with sparse longitudinal striae; antennal scapes finely and longitudinally striate. Mesosoma with variously oriented costulae, from sparse and transverse on dorsum of pronotum and propodeum to dense and subconcentric on the dorsum of scutum and scutellum; forecoxae with dense, fine, regular transverse striation; legs mostly smooth and shining. Lateral and posterior faces of petiolar node with sparse, short, longitudinal costulae; sculpture of gaster consisting of arched, transverse costulae, becoming gradually finer from first to terminal segment. Pilosity cream-colored. Body covered by relatively sparse, long, suberect hairs; antennal scapes and legs with short, suberect hairs; antennal funiculi and tarsi covered by fine apressed pubescence. Head subrectangular, with weakly convex lateral borders and vertexal margin straight; masticatory margins of mandibles multidenticulate and with a large apical tooth; clypeus strongly convex anteriorly; frontal lobes reduced; scapes in repose fairly surpassing the posterolateral margins of vertex; funicular segments gradually thickened distally; compound eyes placed near the posterolateral portions of head; ocelli present and reduced in size. Pronotum with a distinct median eminence directed forward and a conspicuous pair of dorsolateral (humeral) projections; scutum large and rounded; notauli almost indistinct among sculpturation; parapsidial lines feebly visible and subparallel; scutoscutellar sulcus deeply impressed; scutellum relatively narrow and strongly convex, in lateral view; dorsal face of propodeum meeting the declivous face in a pair of reduced, blunt teeth; propodeal spiracle elliptical. Wing venation fully developed. Forewing with a weakly colored stigma; longitudinal veins Sc+R, SR, M, Cu, and A present; SR extending distally beyond stigma, forming 1 R and 2 R cells; cross vein 1 r vestigial, not forming the 2 R cell; M and Cu also extend distally as tubular veins for most of their length; A not extending beyond the junction with Cu; C, R, Cu, 1 M, 1 Cu, and SR cells closed. Hind wing with Sc+R extending beyond point where they connect to M, which continues as a tubular vein as much as Sc+R and then extends as spectral vein to wing distal border; basally M+Cu extending as a tubular vein beyond junction with Anal vein, which continues shortly beyond this point; seven submedian hamuli present. Petiole ventrally carinate; in lateral view, petiolar node thick and subtriangular; anterior slope nearly concave and posterior slope slightly convex. Sternite of first gastral segment with a distinct anterior projection. Worker. Unknown (but see comments bellow). Male. Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet is a reference to the parasitic nature of this species. Comments. Gynes of the socially parasitic Ectatomma parasiticum can be distinguished from the gynes of its host species, E. tuberculatum, by the following features: sparser sculpture on the body; smaller size (Fig. 2), with WL approximately 3.80 mm (around 5.40 mm in E. tuberculatum); clypeus and frontal area devoid of any sculpture (usually longitudinally striate in E. tuberculatum); antennal scapes longer than the maximum head width, with SI> 108 (E. tuberculatum); propodeal spines reduced to minute teeth; and petiole thicker in lateral view (flattened anteroposteriorly in E. tuberculatum). The reduced size and widener petiole of E. parasiticum are also characteristic of the inquiline syndrome in other ant species (Wilson 1984; Radchenko & Elmes 2003). Males produced by parasitized colonies were of a uniform morphology and indistinguishable from males of E. tuberculatum. Thus it remains unknown if males of E. parasiticum are lacking, present but not yet observed, or observed but indistinguishable from E. tuberculatum. According to Hora et al. (2005), one of the 10 colonies of E. parasiticum reared in laboratory produced four small "workers." However, these workers presented a developed spermatheca and six to 10 ovarioles, in contrast to typical workers of E. tuberculatum which lack the spermatheca and possess only one to four ovarioles (F��ner��n & Billen 1996; Hora et al. 2001). The presence of developed reproductive structures in these specimens suggests that they are possibly intermediate (intercaste?) reproductive forms of E. parasiticum and not true workers. Up to now, the occurrence of this species is restricted to Apazapan, state of Veracruz, Mexico. However, its host, E. tuberculatum, is widely distributed in the Neotropics, from Mexico to northern Argentina. We expect that the excavation and detailed examination of E. tuberculatum colonies in different localities could reveal new populations of E. parasiticum. A detailed behavioral and genetic study on the interaction between E. tuberculatum and E. parasiticum (so far undescribed and treated as ���microgynes���) was conducted by Hora et al. (2005). Gynes and workers of E. tuberculatum and gynes of E. parasiticum were sequenced for the cyt b region and the results showed two haplotypes. The haplotypes differed in seven variable sites, with a nucleotide sequence difference of 0.93 %. They clearly discriminate E. parasiticum from the group composed of workers and gynes of E. tuberculatum. According to the findings of Hora et al. (op. cit.), E. parasiticum is a genetically distinct social parasite producing of almost exclusively sexual offspring. The co-occurrence of E. parasiticum and E. tuberculatum in the field (nine mixed colonies found) suggests that the parasite usurps established colonies of the host, but does not kill the resident gynes. Agonistic interactions were also observed, exclusively from workers and gynes of E. tuberculatum against the parasites. Microgynes are also found in Ectatomma ruidum; however, this is a truly gyne-polymorphic species, and the offspring of both microgynes and normal gynes consist of workers, males, and both microgynes and normal gynes. It was therefore suggested that the two gyne morphs in E. ruidum represent alternative phenotypes adapted to different ways of dispersal and colony founding. Ectatomma ruidum microgynes are thought to disperse and to found new colonies solitarily, while the macrogynes are a stationary morph (Lachaud et al. 1999). The study of Hora et al. (2005) and the present paper raise the possibility of the occurrence of similar undescribed social parasites within other basal ant lineages., Published as part of Feitosa, Rodrigo M., Hora, Riviane R., Delabie, Jacques H. C., Valenzuela, Jorge & Fresneau, Dominique, 2008, A new social parasite in the ant genus Ectatomma F. S m i t h (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ectatomminae), pp. 47-52 in Zootaxa 1713 on pages 49-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.180970, {"references":["Wilson, E. O. (1984) Tropical social parasites in the ant genus Pheidole, with an analysis of the anatomical parasitic syndrome. Insectes Sociaux, 31, 316 - 334.","Radchenko A. G. & Elmes G. W. (2003) A taxonomic revision of the socially parasitic Myrmica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Palaearctic Region, Annales Zoologici, 53, 217 - 243.","Hora, R. R., Doums, C., Poteaux, C., Feneron, R., Valenzuela, J., Heinze, J. & Fresneau, D. (2005) Small queens in the ant Ectatomma tuberculatum: a new case of social parasitism. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59, 285 - 292.","Feneron, R. & Billen, J. (1996) Ovarian cycle in Ectatomma tuberculatum workers (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 29, 79 - 85.","Hora, R. R., Feneron, R., Valenzuela, J., Favila, M. E. & Fresneau, D. (2001) Queen-size dimorphism in the ant Ectatomma tuberculatum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Sociobiology, 38, 407 - 420.","Lachaud, J. - P., Cadena, A., Schatz, B., Perez-Lachaud, G. & Ibarra-Nunez, G. (1999) Queen dimorphism and reproductive capacity in the ponerine ant, Ectatomma ruidum Roger. Oecologia, 120, 515 - 523."]}

A formiga Dinoponera lucida (Ponerinae), espécie endêmica da Mata Atlântica (Bahia, Espírito Santo e Minas Gerais), está incluída na lista de espécies ameaçadas do Brasil. O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer aspectos da sua biologia, em particular do seu comportamento, visando subsidiar o plano de manejo permitindo a conservação da espécie. Foram estudadas cinco colônias coletadas no município de Belmonte, Bahia, através do método scan sampling. A divisão de trabalho entre as operárias parece depender da idade dos indivíduos (polietismo etário) e organiza-se em dois grupos principais: operárias que cuidam da prole e operárias forrageadoras. A análise da espermateca apontou a ocorrência de uma única "gamergate" (operária com os ovários desenvolvidos e a espermateca funcional, que acasala e põe ovos fertilizados) por colônia (monoginia). Interações agonísticas incluem comportamentos peculiares, tais como: encurvamento do gáster, boxe antenal, mordida de mandíbula e imobilização. Essas interações foram observadas no geral com uma freqüência baixa, mas se mostraram mais comuns numa colônia sem gamergate. Em colônias com uma gamergate, esta não participa de nenhuma interação agonística. O entendimento dos mecanismos de reprodução, assim como das relações interindividuais, é extremamente importante para futuras ações de manejo onde qualquer tentativa de manipulação de colônias visando reinstalação ou reabilitação de uma população passa por esse tipo de conhecimento prévio. The ant Dinoponera lucida (Ponerinae), endemic of the Atlantic rain forest (States of Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais), is included in the list of Brazilian threatened species. We investigated aspects of its biology, particularly its behavior, to furnish arguments for a plan of management aiming the conservation of this species. Five colonies collected at Belmonte, Bahia, were studied through the scan sampling method. The division of labor between workers seems to depend on the individual age (age polyethism) and was organized in two groups: workers taking care of the offspring (nurses) and foragers. The spermatheca analysis pointed out the occurrence of a single "gamergate" (worker that have the ovaries developed and its spermatheca functional, able to mate and lay fertilized eggs) per colony (monogyny). Agonistic interactions included specialized behaviors, such as: gaster rubbing, antennal boxing, mandible bite and immobilization. These interactions were observed generally with a low frequency, but were more frequent in a colony with no gamergate. In colonies with a gamergate, this one does not participate in agonistic interactions. The understanding of reproduction mechanisms, as well as that of inter-individual relations, is extremely important for future management actions where any colony manipulation aiming at reinstallation or rehabilitation of a population needs this previous knowledge.

Key to Typhlomyrmex workers (modified from Brown, 1965) 1. Clypeal dome with anterior face vertical or subvertical (head in side view); mandible shape elongated­subtriangular, their basal margins weakly convex, not reaching the anterior clypeal margin at full closure; anterior face of mesotibia with about 10 denticuliform erect setae......................................................................... 2 – Clypeal dome with anterior face sharply inclined posteriorly (head in side view); mandible shape triangular, their basal margins rectilinear or weakly concave, fitting tightly against clypeus at full closure; anterior face of mesotibia without denticuliform setae...................................................................................................... 3 2. Antennae 12 ­segmented; clypeal margin straight and totally concealed by the clypeal dome in dorsal view....................................................... T. clavicornis Emery – Antennae 10 ­segmented; clypeal margin weakly convex medially and only partially concealed by the clypeal dome in dorsal view........................ T. meire n. sp. 3. Petiole well pedunculate in lateral view; node poorly developed, longer than high, subconvex at its top and without a distinct posterior face; abdominal tergite III without obvious anterior face; size polymorphism marked ...... T. rogenhoferi Mayr – Petiole weakly pedunculate in lateral view; node well developed, higher than long, well rounded at its top and with a distinct posterior face; abdominal tergite III with a distinct anterior face; monomorphic................................................................... 4 4. Metafemora base (posterior view) sharply swollen ventrally, so that it forms a short vertical face at the base, joining the ventral face by an obtuse and rounded angle; head width> 0.55 mm ........................................................ T. major Santschi – Metafemora base (posterior view) poorly swollen ventrally, so that it does not form an angle at its base; head width .......................... T. pusillus Emery

Typhlomyrmex meire Lacau, Villemant & Delabie, new species (Plates 1���5) Type Material. Holotype worker from Brazil, labeled: ���Bahia state, Ilh��us, Fazenda Recreio, alt. 36 m, 14 �� 45 ' 21 "S ��� 39 �� 13 ' 34 "W, 14.vi. 2002, S. Lacau & B. Jahyny coll.���, in [CPCC]. Paratypes: 61 nidoparatypical specimens (21 workers, 27 winged queens and 13 males), same data as the holotype, 9 workers, 15 winged queens and 4 males in [CPCC]; 5 workers, 5 winged queens and 2 males in [MZUSP]; 1 worker, 1 winged queen and 1 male in [MPEG]; 1 worker, 1 winged queen and 1 male in [INPA]; 1 worker, 1 winged queen and 1 male in [MNHN]; 1 worker, 1 winged queen and 1 male in [BMNH]; 1 worker, 1 winged queen and 1 male in [LACM]; 1 worker, 1 winged queen and 1 male in [AMNH]; 1 worker, 1 winged queen and 1 male in [MCZC]. Other material examined: 4 workers and 1 winged queen, Brazil, Bahia, Ilh��us, ��rea da Zoologia, CEPEC, alt. 15 m, 14 �� 15 'S ��� 39 �� 13 'W, x. 1986, J.H.C. Delabie coll. in [CPCC]; 1 worker, Brazil, Bahia, Ilh��us, 1986��� 1987, J.H.C. Delabie coll., N�� 42 in [CPCC]; 1 winged queen, Brazil, Bahia, Ilh��us, CEPEC, 21.v. 1987, P. Te r r a c o l l., N�� 4587 in [CPCC]; 1 male, Brazil, Bahia, Ilh��us, CEPEC, 29.ix. 1987, P. Terra coll., N�� 4587 in [CPCC]; 1 male, Brazil, Bahia, Ilh��us, CEPEC, 03.v. 1988, P. Te r r a c o l l., N�� 4587 in [CPCC]; 2 queens winged, Brazil, Bahia, Ilh��us, CEPEC, Q. G���, 08.iii. 1991, M. R. Smith coll. in [CPCC]; 1 worker and 1 winged queen, Brazil, Bahia, Ilh��us, CEPEC, Q. G���, 08.vii. 1992, J. C. Soares do Carmo coll. in [CPCC]; 1 worker, Brazil, Bahia, Ilh��us, CEPEC /CEPLAC, Q. G���, 21.vii. 1992, J.C. Soares do Carmo coll. in [CPCC]; 1 worker, 1 winged queen, 1 male, Brazil, Bahia, Ilh��us, CEPEC, 03.x. 1995, J. Assis coll. in [CPCC]; 1 dealate queen, Brazil, Bahia, near Una, 260 II CO 22, projeto RestaUna coll. in [CPCC]; 1 worker, Brazil, Bahia, Canavieiras, Oiticica, 14 �� 24 ��� 43 ���S ��� 39 ��01���00���W, 30.iii. 1998, J. R. M. Santos coll. in [CPCC]. Etymology. Named in honor of Mrs. Lucimeire de Souza Ramos Lacau. Diagnosis. Medium��sized species, easily identified by the following characters: worker and queen both with 10 ��segmented antennae, including a 2 ��segmented apical club; male with 12 segmented antennae; queen and worker with subtriangular mandibles, bearing 5 to 7 large teeth varying in size and bluntness among individuals of the same colony; anterior face of the clypeal dome vertical in females. Worker (Plate 1). Measurements (mm) and indices: data for holotype given in [brackets]; means with standard deviations for paratypes (n= 10) given in (parenthesis); maximum range for paratypes (n= 10) given in {}: CIVW [0.42] (0.44 �� 0.02) {0.41���0.46}; DPeW [0.25] (0.24 �� 0.01) {0.24���0.26}; HeW [0.17] (0.17 ��0) {0.17���0.18}; HL [0.52] (0.54 �� 0.01) {0.52���0.56}; HW [0.50] (0.5 �� 0.02) {0.47���0.53}; ML [0.33] (0.33 �� 0.02) {0.28���0.37}; SL [0.33] (0.33 �� 0.02) {0.32���0.36}; PW [0.35] (0.35 �� 0.01) {0.33���0.38}; PeL (0.23 �� 0.01) {0.21���0.24}; WL [0.73] (0.75 �� 0.01) {0.72���0.77}; CI [96.4] (93.9 �� 1.8) {90.9���96.4}; MI [63.6] (61 �� 4.69) {58.3���69.6}; PrI [69.81] (69.65 �� 2.94) {64.29���75.47}; SI 1 [66] (68.68 �� 4.07) {62.5���76}; SI 2 [63.6] (62.54 �� 3.13) {58.3���69.1}. Head: subquadrate, weakly elongated; holotype CI 96.4; average CI 94.1 (n= 11, holotype + 10 paratypes); CI range 90.9���96.4; head distinctly wider than alitrunk; average PrI 69.65 (n= 10 paratypes); range PrI 64.29���75.47; maximal head width occurs at 2 / 3 distance from anterior clypeal margin to vertexal margin; vertexal margin weakly concave; posterolateral corners rounded; sides of head weakly convex and slightly converging anteriorly; clypeus medially dome��shaped, the dome conspicuously protruding from the lateral clypeal margins and with a vertical anterior face; clypeal margin medially convex and partially concealed by the dome in dorsal view; anterior clypeal lamella narrow, without a medial lobe; tentorial pits well separated from toruli and located in a weakly impressed depression at the basal clypeal margin; eyes minute with 4 or 5 poorly defined ommatidia situated just before the middle of the capsule sides; frontal lobes well developed, weakly inclined, close together, but conspicuously separated by a short frontal groove limited anteriorly by the clypeal dome and posteriorly by the convergence of frontal striae and rugosities; antennal sockets partially concealed by the frontal lobes frontal carinae slightly diverging and softening posteriorly; toruli circular and definitely separated, visible by transparency through the frontal groove integument, their internal rim rising and fused with frontal lobes base; antenna 10 ��segmented; scape robust, as wide as the pedicel length, and lacking a longitudinal carina at its anterior margin; it appears conspicuously bent ventrally at one third of its length in frontal view and is sharply enlarged at its midlength in dorsal view, the maximal width being more or less equal to the pedicel length; when folded backward, its apex does not reach the vertexal margin; pedicel about twice as long as wide, and about as long as the 3 following segments together; segments A 3 ���A 8 much wider than long; segment 3 longer than each one of the 5 following segments; segment 9 much wider at its base than segment 8 in dorsal view, and forming with segment 10 a club conspicuously larger than the rest of funicle; segment 10 approximately 3.5 times longer than segment 8, and about 3 times longer than segment 9; apical club approximately 1.5 times longer than segments 3 to 8 together; mandible shape elongated��subtriangular, the apical margin joining basal margin at an obtuse angle; mandibles ventrally curved, crossed when closed, their basal margins weakly convex and not reaching the anterior clypeal margin; outer margin of mandible almost straight basally and curved at the level of apical tooth; masticatory margin toothed from base to apex as follows: four or five large teeth of increasing size, more or less spaced and variably shaped, often large and blunted (occasionally flattened), but sometimes small and acute, as well as an elongate apical tooth; mandible falciform and more or less acute while strongly enlarged basally; maxillary and labial palps 1 ��segmented (2 specimens dissected); hypostomal bridge well developed, its extremities greatly enlarged and ending in a small rounded tooth which weakly emerges under the base of the mandible; genal bridge distinct, its extremities enlarged and in contact with the hypostomal bridge; occipital carina lacking. Mesosoma: sub��rectangular in lateral view; pronotum anteriorly rounded in dorsal view, a little wider than long, and strongly sloping anteriorly in lateral view, its posterior part horizontal; promesonotal suture underlined by a weak furrow, forming an arch widely concave posteriorly; mesonotum almost flat dorsally; ventral parts of anterior and posterior margins of mesopleura straight and dorsal parts inclined; mesothoracic spiracle very small and partially concealed; metanotal groove distinct but weak; sides of the propodeum weakly converging posteriorly in dorsal view; meso��metapleural suture almost straight, underlined by a narrow groove bordered laterally by two thin carinae; metapleural gland orifice in profile as a short oblique slit, bounded below by a convex rim of cuticle that directs the orifice posterodorsally; the swollen bulla of the gland is visible by transparency through the integument, its anterior margin placed slightly before the propodeal spiracle; dorsal face of the propodeum weakly inclined and almost flat, gradually rounding beyond the spiracle towards the sloping posterior face; propodeal spiracle opened laterally and slightly downward, its large and somewhat elliptic orifice bordered by a thin cuticular ring; propodeal lobes lacking; dorsal margin of the propodeal foramen surrounded by a strong horizontal crest preceded by a narrow horizontal groove. Pro�� and mesothoracic legs slightly shorter and more robust than the metathoracic legs; femora ventrally thickened, with the distal half of their ventral face weakly concave and sometimes bordered posteriorly by a discrete carina; pro�� and metafemora conspicuously compressed basally, their axes bent forward and backward respectively; tibial spurs 1, 1, 1; meso�� and metatibial spurs simple, very small and barely visible; strigile curved and enlarged basally; probasitarsus curved, slightly longer than two thirds of the protibia length; mesotibia and metabasitarsus about 3 times longer than the mesobasitarsus, and metatibia about 2 times longer than the metabasitarsus; protarsal claws acute, with a small tooth behind the apical point; meso�� and metatarsal claws acute and simple; arolia small. Metasoma: petiole short, weakly pedunculate and broadly constricted between abdominal pre�� and postsegment; the posterior foramen of the postsclerite higher than the anterior foramen of the presclerite in relation to the horizontal body axis; petiolar node broad, scale shaped and strongly rounded apically with a very short and almost flat posterior face; anterior face of node weakly concave basally and its posterior half vertical; anterodorsal margin rounded; dorsal face of node sub��rectangular to trapezoidal with well rounded angles in dorsal view; node about 1.5 times wider than long, its lateral faces convex and slightly converging forward in dorsal view; spiracles on lateral protuberances near anterolateral base of node, their orifices circular, opening laterally and slightly posteriorly; laterosclerite lacking, the tergite and sternite fused but the suture visible over its entire length, opened posteriorly where the tergal crests of the helcium fit; node narrowed ventrally as on fig. G of Plate 1; sternite with a short medial carina lengthened anteriorly by a medium sized smoothed tooth, translucent but lacking a fenestra; the sternal carina divided posteriorly into a "V" which encloses a weakly concave area; petiole well separated from gaster in side view, its articulation with abdominal segment III relatively wide (HeW Holotype 0.17) but perfectly mobile; gaster elongated, its maximal width at the level of abdominal segment IV; abdominal tergite III with a short anterior vertical face; spiracle small but well sclerotized, circular and open laterally; abdominal sternite III with two thin converging carinae rising from the tergal crests of the helcium and enclosing a weakly concave ventral area which receives the posteroventral face of petiole when the gaster folds down; carinae laterally visible and forming small protuberances at their base, but not representing a crest; constriction present between pre�� and postsegments of abdominal segment IV; spiracle diameters decreasing from segments III to V, the last one very small yet distinct without artificial distension of the gaster; spiracles VI and VII not visible; pygidium conspicuously rounded in lateral view; sting short, slightly curved at the apex. Sculpture: cephalic sculpture typical of the genus. Capsule wholly sculptured with a combination of striae, rugosities and punctuations; frons and vertex medially impressed by a narrow longitudinal band of 4 to 6 long parallel striae, rising from the base of the frontal lobes and diverging just before the vertexal margin; the lateral margins of frons and vertex and the genae entirely covered by weakly sinuous aligned rugosities, the anterior two thirds of the head capsule seems uniformly striate; the rugosities appear coarser in the anterior one third because of their broader size and lack of punctuation and pilosity; frontal lobes rugo��striated; a small, smooth and shiny depression, not concealed by the scrobe, is obvious behind the external margin of toruli; ventral face of cephalic capsule with weak rugosities, diverging forward from both the sides of the genal carinae; almost all the dorsum of capsule is covered by scattered piliferous punctuations more or less aligned except on genae at the level of the antennal sockets, on the medial part of the frons and the vertex as well as on an area behind the hypostomal carina; punctuations denser dorsally than ventrally, conspicuously more impressed on the posterior two third of the capsule and especially dense at the transition between vertex and genae; clypeal dome smooth and shiny at its median third, dull and longitudinally striate laterally; mandibles smooth and shiny; pronotum and mesonotum with a dense piliferous punctuation except on a narrow median band and on anterolateral margins of the pronotum which are smooth and shiny; anterior margin of mesonotum lacking transverse striation; anepisternum smooth and katepisternum with sparse and weak longitudinal striae; metapleura conspicuously striated longitudinally; propodeum finely striated and punctuated laterally but medially smooth on its dorsal and posterior face, except several thin transverse apical striae on the dorsal rim of the propodeal foramen; petiole node dull with fine punctuations denser anteriorly and laterally; gaster and femora entirely covered by a sparse piliferous punctuation, weaker than on head and thorax; tibiae dull with denser punctuation. Pilosity: abundant on head and body, including at least five types of setae of variable size and location: (1) long simple setae scattered on head as follows: 1 erect pair on each side of the clypeal dome, their length equal to the distance separating their bases, 1 erect pair conspicuously curved forward at the base of the mentum, 5���6 suberect and curved ventral setae, aligned on the external margin of mandibles, their length increasing towards the mandible apex; (2) setae slightly shorter than the previous ones, sparsely distributed on the body as follows: several setae bent apically on each side of the clypeal dome, 1 upward inclined pair on the anterior margin of the pronotum, 2���3 pairs on the lateral margins of the mesonotum, 5���6 aligned pairs on the lateral margins of the propodeum, 1 almost vertical and curved pair on each protuberance below the orifices of the metapleural glands, 3���4 pairs on the laterodorsal margins of the petiole node and several other very sparse erect setae on the tergites or inclined on the sternites of the gaster (including a row of setae at the posterior margin of the sternites and numerous very dense setae on pygidium and hypopygium; (3) appressed pubescence formed by dense setae, slightly shorter than the previous ones, rising from piliferous punctuation and distributed on most of the body as follows: several curved and very dense setae on the posterodorsal half of the head dorsum, several more or less curved setae sparser on the antennae but denser on their apical segment (sensillae), some appressed setae very sparsely distributed on the dorsal face of the mandible (including one seta inserted at the base of each tooth), many very dense setae on procoxae, 4���5 setae emerging at posterior margin of the ventral tooth of petiole; (4) setae conspicuously shorter than the previous ones, forming small fringe above the clypeal lamella; (5) erect setae, very thick and denticuliform, slightly shorter than the previous ones and distributed as follows: 10 setae on the anterior face of mesotibiae, one basal seta on the posterior face of the probasitarsus, inserted basally in the concavity in front of the strigile comb, several setae inserted at the apex of the four tarsomeres, as follows: prothoracic legs: 4, 2, 2, 0, meso�� and metathoracic legs: 5, 4, 2, 0; in addition, a row of intermediate sized setae, from type (3) to type (4), are present on each side of vertex. Color: body yellow��reddish, but cephalic capsule and antennae more reddish��brown; anterior and internal margins of toruli dark brown to reddish��brown visible through cuticle between frontal lobes; clypeal lamella margin with a fine reddish��brown border; mandibles yellowish to reddish, hardly clearer than cephalic capsule, its apical margin underlined by a wide dark brown��reddish border; teeth dark brownish to reddish, the apical tooth entirely black; outer margins of mandibles with a fine dark��brown border; ring of propodeal spiracle more reddish than remainder of propodeum; legs more yellowish than remainder of mesosoma; denticuliform setae of mesotibia conspicuously reddish. Queen (plate 2). Measurements (mm) and indices: means with standard deviations for the paratypes (n= 10) given in (parenthesis); maximum range for the paratypes (n= 10) given in {}: CIVW (0.53 ��0,02) {0.51���0.56}; DPeW (0.31 �� 0.02) {0.29���0.34}; HeW (0.22 �� 0.02) {0.21���0.27}; HL (0.58 �� 0.01) {0.57���0.60}; HW (0.55 �� 0.01) {0.54���0.56}; ML (0.40 �� 0.02) {0.38���0.42}; PW (0.54 �� 0.02) {0.51���0.56}; PeL (0.32 �� 0.02) {0.29���0.34}; SL (0.35 �� 0.02) {0.33���0.38}; WL (0.94 �� 0.02) {0.90���0.97}; CI (94.4 �� 1.1) {93.4���96.7}; MI (68.3 �� 3.51) {64.5���73.8}; SI 1 (64.32 �� 2.63) {59.3���67.8}; SI 2 (60.69 �� 2.53) {57.4��� 63.5}; PrI (97.44 �� 2.93) {93.22���101.72}. Head: similar to worker but with well developed compound eyes and ocelli; average CI 94.4 (n= 10 paratypes); CI range 93.4���96.7; head proportionally less broad in comparison with thorax, average PrI 97.44 (n= 10 paratypes); PrI range 93.22���101.72; head sides not converging anteriorly; maximal width of head capsule at three��fourths distance from anterior clypeal margin to vertexal margin; ocelli well developed; eyes subcircular and globular, inserted slightly before the middle of head side, consisting of about 18 well defined ommatidia in its length and 13 in its width; antennae 10 ��segmented; scape very robust, conspicuously enlarged at three��fourths of its length; mandibles with stronger and acute apical and subapical teeth; maxillary and labial palps 1 ��segmented (2 dissected specimens). Mesosoma: clearly broader than in worker, with typical pterosclerites of ectatommine queens, subrectangular in side view; dorsal faces of mesoscutum and scutellum weakly convex, separated by a quite visible suture; dorsal sclerite margin underlined by more or less developed bordering carinae; sides of mesothorax weakly convex and slightly converging posteriorly; posterior edge of mesoscutum with a clear median notch, prolonged anteriorly by a short superficial furrow, probably homologous, but in a very attenuated form, with the medial furrow that posteriorly prolongs the medially converging notauli in the male; parapsides parallel and weakly impressed, merely reaching the midlength of the sclerite; tegulae well developed; scutellum in the same plane as mesoscutum; mesoscutoscutellar suture rather broad; axillae well developed and laterally compressed, forming a large and deep depression near the bases of wing ar, Published as part of Lacau, Sebastien, Villemant, Claire & Delabie, Jacques H. C., 2004, Typhlomyrmex meire, a remarkable new species endemic to Southern Bahia, Brazil (Formicidae: Ectatomminae), pp. 1-23 in Zootaxa 678 on pages 5-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158817

Amblyopone agostii Lacau & Delabie, n. sp. (fig. 3 et 4) HOLOTYPE: ouvri��re, Br��sil, Etat de Bahia, monte Pascoal, l 6��52'O3" S- 39 �� 55' O3"W, 18.VII. 1997, J R. Maia dos Santos coll. (MZUSP, Br��sil). PARATYPES: 11 ouvri��res nidoparatypiques, idem holotype: 1 (MZUSP, Br��sil); 5 (CPCC, Br��sil); 1 (MNHN, France); 1 (LACM, USA); l (BMNH, UK); 1 (AMNH, USA); 1 (MCZC, USA). Description. Ouvri��res. Dimensions en mm, holotype (paratypes): TL 4,26 (4,26- 5,10); HL 1,06 (1,00- 1,10); HW 1,05 (0,95- 1,05); SL 0,70 (0,62-0,72); PW 0,60 (0,56- 0,62); Pew 0,63 (0,59-0,72); PeH 0,67 (0,56-0,67); PeL 0,59 (0,56-0,62); MdL 1,04 (0,92- 1,08);MdW 0,15 (0,10-0,15); n = 11. Habitus g��n��ral (fig. 3); corps et t��te noirs; apex du gastre, antennes, mandibules et pattes rouge��tres; toute la surface dorsale de la t��te et le corps avec une dense pubescence courte et dress��e, mais faces lat��rales du m��sothorax et du propod��um glabres et brillantes. T��te carr��e en vue dorsale, avec faces lat��rales l��g��rement convexes et l��g��rement divergentes ant��rieurement; marge occipitale concave; tiers ant��rieur de la t��te stri�� longitudinalement, les deux tiers restant brillants, avec une ponctuation dense peu profonde, chacune de ces ponctuations avec un tubercule central pilif��re; marge clyp��ale ant��rieure convexe, avec une rang��e de 8 dents dispos��es comme suit: une paire m��diane firsionn��es sur les 3/4 de leur longueur et de chaque c��t�� une dent simple interm��diaire, suivie par une autre plus forte et bidenticul��e; pr��sence d���une paire de soies dont chacune ��merge �� la base des deux dents lat��rales; la longueur de ces soies atteint le tiers de celle des mandibules; lobes frontaux petits et fusionn��s; car��ne m��diane courte, atteignant le tiers ant��rieur de la t��te; dent g��nale aigu�� et pro��minente, plus longue que son diam��tre �� la base; la marge interne de celle-ci est environ aussi longue que la largeur maximale de la base des mandibules; toruli redress��s et fusionn��s avec les lobes frontaux recouvrant; ��il r��duit �� une simple ommatidie et situ�� derri��re la moiti�� de la face lat��rale de la t��te; mandibules de type Amblyopone, se recouvrant, ferm��es, et sans angle distinct entre le bord basal et le bord apical; marge interne convexe; 8 dents simples dispos��es en rang��e et comme suit: dent apicale pro��minente; dent subapicale aigu��; 5 dents bidenticul��es dorsoventralement et regroup��es �� la moiti�� de la marge interne; une dent basale massive, bidenticul��e am��re-post��rieurement et ��mouss��e; formule des palpes: 2, 1 douze segments antennaires; scape plut��t court et massif l��g��rement courbe �� l'apex. Thorax �� dos convexe, vu de profil, arqu�� de la partie ant��rieure du pronotum au bord post��rieur du propod��um; pronotum l��g��rement plus long que large en vue dorsale; suture prom��sonotale compl��te; m��sonotum et m��tanotum compl��tement fusionn��s et profil l��g��rement convexe; suture m��sonotopropod��ale absente; face inclin��e du propod��um l��g��rement concave et tr��s brillante; bord post��rolat��ral du propod��um anguleux; orifice de la glande m��tapleurale dirig�� dorso-post��rieurement; pas de rang��e de soie frangeantes bordant Porifice de la glande; p��tiole non p��doncul��, avec une large face ant��rieure verticale et une face dorsale plate, la marge post��ro-dorsale ne fonnant pas de face post��rieure distincte; p��tiole plus long que haut et large dans sa forme; processus sous-p��tiolaire bas; hypopygium avec une rang��e de 10 denticules; aiguillon robuste. Reine, m��le. Inconnus. Etymologie. Cette esp��ce est nomm��e en lihonneur du Dr Donat Agosti (AMNH), taxonomiste et ��cologiste myrm��cologue qui a beaucoup contribu�� au d��veloppement des ��tudes des fourmis du biome de la for��t atlantique. Ecologie. Tous les sp��cimens connus de cette esp��ce ont ��t�� collect��s aux pi��ges Winkler ou Berlese-Tullgren, ce qui sugg��re qu'en for��t cette esp��ce niche dans la liti��re. Distribution. Ambb / opone agosti�� n. sp. a ��t�� rencontr��e jusqu���alors dans quatre localit��s de la for��t atlantique de Fest de Bahia au Br��sil . Outre la localit��-type, cette esp��ce a ��galement ��t�� collect��e ��: Barrol��ndia (Belmonte), 16�� 05' S 39��13' W, 23. VII. 1994,. S'. Lacau coll. Ibirapitanga, 14�� 11 '39" S - 39��25 '23"W, 22. IV. 1997, J'. Raimundo Maia dos Santos coll.; Itororo (environ 1 km nord de la Fazenda Novo, altitude 600 14�� 57 ��� 3 1 ��� S au Engenho m, 40�� 02 ��� 33 ��� W), 20. VII. 2000, S. Lacau coll. Tous les sp��cimens de derni��res localit��s ces sont d��pos��s dans la collection du CPCC., Published as part of Lacau, S��bastien & Delabie, Jacques H. C., 2002, Description de trois nouvelles esp��ces d �� Amblyopone avec quelques notes biog��ographiques sur le genre au Br��sil (Formicidae, Ponerinae), pp. 33-41 in Bulletin de la Soci��t�� entomologique de France 107 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3576308

Amblyopone heraldoi Lacau & Delabie, n. sp. (fig. 6 et 7) HOLOTYPE: ouvrière, Brésil, Amazonas-4832, Manaus-Rs 1301, 12.XII. 1993, L50- 5, Antônio Batista Casimiro coll., (INPA, Brésil). Paratype: 1 ouvrière, idem, Manaus-Rs 1202, 12.XI. 1993, K 14- 5, A. Batista Casimiro coll. (CPCC, Brésil). Description. Ouvrières. Dimensions en mm, holotype (paratype): TL 3,35 (3,46); HL 0,74 (0,74); HW 0,59 (0,59); SL 0,39 (0,40); PW 0,38 (0,40); Pew 0,37 (0,38); PeH 0,35 (0,4); PeL 0,50 (0,56); MdL 0,48 (0,50); Mdw 0,06 (0,08); n = 2. Tête et corps noirs; apex du gastre, antennes, mandibules et pattes rougeâtres; dessus de la tête et du corps avec une pubescence dense, côté latéral du thorax glabre et brillant. Tête carrée en vue dorsale, avec les côtés légèrement convexes et légèrement divergents antérieurement; marge occipitale légèrement concave; dessus de la tête ponctué de manière éparse, chaque ponctuation avec un tubercule central pilifere; stries longitudinales présentes sur moins d’un quart de la partie antérieure de la tête; marge clypéale antérieure légèrement convexe, avec une rangée de 10 dents subégales, bien séparées les unes des autres et plus longues que larges; lobes frontaux petits et fusionnés; carène médiane absente; dent génale réduite à une protubérance très petite et arrondie; toruli redressés et fusionnés avec les lobes frontaux recouvrant; yeux réduits à une seule ommatidie située en arrière de la moitié de la face latérale de la tète; mandibules de forme particulière, nettement falciformes, se recouvrant à leur extrémité, fermées, et sans angle distinct entre le bord basal et le bord apical; marge interne concave; 8 dents simples disposées en rangées comme suit: une dent apicale proéminente, une dent subapicale réduite, 4 dents bidenticulées dorsoventralement situées à la moitié de la marge interne, une dent simple et très réduite et une dent basale marquée; formule des palpes: 2, 1 douze antennomères, les quatre segments terminaux formant une massue; scape assez court et robuste, légèrement courbé à Papex; Thorax avec le dos convexe, de profil, arqué de la partie antérieure du pronotum au bord postérieur du propodéum; pronotum légèrement plus long que large en vue dorsale; suture promésonotale complète; mésonotum et métanotum complètement fusionnés et profil légèrement convexes; suture mésonotopropodéale absente face inclinée du propodéum légèrement concave et très brillante bord postéro» latéral du propodéum anguleux; orifice de la glande métapleurale dirigé dorso-postérieurement; pas de rangée de soies frangeantes bordant 1 ’ orifice de 1a glande pétiole non pédonculé, avec une large face antérieure verticale et une face dorsale plate; la marge postéro-dorsale ne formant pas de face postérieure distincte; pétiole dans sa forme plus long que haut et large marge antérieure du nœud droite, angles antéro-dorsaux marqués, bord dorsal juste légèrement convexe; hypopygium sans denticules. Reine, mâle. Inconnus. Etymologie. Cette espèce a été nommée en Fhonneur du Dr Heraldo L. Vaseoncelos (INPA), écologiste myrmécologue, responsable de l’e'tude durant laquelle ce taxon fut découvert. Ecologie. Non connue, excepté le fait que les deux spécimens ont été trouvés dans des échantillons de sol (25 × 25 × 25 cm) de reliques de la forêt amazonienne. Plus dïnfonnation peut être obtenue dans VASCONCELOS & DELABIE (2000). Distribution. Espèce probablement endémique de 1 ’ Amazonie centrale.

Lacau, S��bastien, Delabie, Jacques H. C. (2002): Description de trois nouvelles esp��ces d��Amblyopone avec quelques notes biog��ographiques sur le genre au Br��sil (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Bulletin de la Soci��t�� entomologique de France 107 (1): 33-41, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3576308, {"references":["BOLTON B . 1994 . ~ Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge (Massachusetts), London (England) : Harvard University Press, 222 p.","--- 1995 . - A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge (Massachusetts), London Harvard Press, 504","BROWN W . , L . 1960 . - Contribution toward a reclassification of the Forrnicidae. III. Tribe Amblyoponini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, (QI","LATTKE J. E. , 1991 . - Studies of Neotropical Amblyopone Erichson. Contributions in science, 428 : 1 -7 .","MASUKO K., 1990. - The instars of the ant Amblyopone silvestrii. Sociobiology, 17 : 221 -244","-- - 1993 . - Predation of centipedes by the primitive ant Amblyopone silvestrii. Bulletin of the Association for Natural Science, Senshu University, 24 : 35 -43 .","VASCONCELOS H . L . & DELABIE J. , C . , H . , 2000 . - Ground ant communities form central Amazonia forest fragments. In : Agosti D . , Majer J.D . , Alonso L. & Schultz T. , 2000, Sampling Ground- dwelling Ants: Case Studies form the Worlds' Rain Forests. Curtin University School of Environmental Biology Bulletin, No. 18 . Perth, Australia, 75 p.","WARD P . , 1988 . - Mesic elements in the Western Nearctic ant fauna : taxonomic and biological notes on Amblyopone, Proceratium, and Smithistruma (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) . Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 61 ( l ) : 102- 124 .","-- 1989. - Systematic studies on Pseudomyrmecine ants : revision of the Pseudomyrmex oculatus and P. subtilissimus species groups, with taxonomic comments on other species. Quaestiones Entomologicae, 25 (4) : 393 -468 .","*- 1994. - Adetomyrma, an enigmatic new ant genus from Madagascar (Hymenoptera : Formicidae), and its implications for ant phylogeny. Systematic Entomology, 19 (2) : 159- 175 , illustr.","WHEELER W. G. C . & WHEELER J . , 1976 . ~ Ant larvae : review and synthesis. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 7, 108 p."]}

Amblyopone cleae Delabie, n. sp. (fig. 1 et 2) HOLOTYPE: ouvri��re, Br��sil, Etat de Bahia, Itororo (environ 1 km au nord de la Fazenda Engenho Novo), altitude 600 m, 14��57���31��� S 40��02 ��� 33 ���W, 20.VH. 2000, S. Lacau coll., nid 1. (MZUSP, Br��sil). PARATYPES: sp��cimens nidoparatypiques, idem holotype (nid 1); 3 ouvri��res (MZUSP, Br��sil); 6 ouvr. et 1 reine (CPCC, Br��sil); 1 ouvr. (MNHN, France); 1 ouvr. (LACM, USA); 1 ouvr. (BMNH, UK); 1 ouvr. (AMNH, USA); l ouvr. (MCZC, USA). Description. Ouvri��res. Dimensions en mm, holotype (paratypes): TL 5,42 (5,36- 6,20); HL 1,23 (1,15- 1,31); HW 1,2 (1,13- 1,29); SL 0,77 (O,72-0,82); PW 0,69 (0,64- 0,77); Pew 0,64 (0,64-0,72); PeH 0,64 (0,64-0,72); PeL 0,67 (0,67-0,74); MdL 1,03 (0,95-l, lO); Mdw 0,13 (0, l 3 -0, l 9); n = 12. Habitus g��n��ral (fig. 1): t��te et corps noirs; apex du gastre, antennes, mandibules et pattes rouge��tres; dessus de la t��te et corps enti��rement couverts d'une courte pubescence dress��e, mais faces lat��rales du m��sothorax et du propod��um glabres et brillantes. T��te carr��e en vue frontale, avec les faces lat��rales l��g��rement convexes, ne divergeant pas ant��rieurement; marge occipitale l��g��rement concave; sommet de la t��te dens��ment ponctu��-r��ticul��, chaque ponctuation avec un tubercule central pilit��re; occiput brillant avec une ponctuation ��parse et peu profonde; marge clyp��ale ant��rieure droite, avec une rang��e de 8 dents dispos��es comme suit: une paire m��diane de dents firsionn��es �� leur base, et, de chaque c��t��, une dent simple interm��diaire suivie par une autre plus forte et bidenticul��e; dent g��nale aigu�� et pro��minente, plus longue que son diam��tre �� sa base; marge interne de la dent g��nale plus courte que la largeur maximale de la base de la mandibule; lobes frontaux petits et fusionn��s; car��ne m��diane plut��t longue, atteignant presque la moiti�� de la longueur de la t��te; toruli redress��s et fusionn��s avec les lobes frontaux recouvrants; ��il r��duit �� une simple ommatidie et situ�� derri��re la mi-longueur de la face lat��rale de la t��te; mandibules de type Amblyopone, se recouvrant, ferm��es, et sans angle distinct entre le bord basal et le bord apical; marge interne convexe; 8 dents simples dispos��es en rang��e comme suit: une dent apicale pro��minente, une dent subapicale aigu��, 5 dents bidenticul��es dorso-ventralement, regroup��es �� la moiti�� de la marge inteme et une dent basale massive, bidenticul��e ant��ro-post��rieurement et ��mouss��e; formule des palpes: 2, l douze segments antennaires; scape plut��t court et massif, l��g��rement courb�� �� l'apex. Thorax �� dos convexe, vu de profil; arqu�� de la partie ant��rieure du pronotum au bord post��rieur du propod��um; pronotum l��g��rement plus long que large en vue dorsale; suture prom��sonotale compl��te; m��sonotum et m��tanotum compl��tement fusionn��s, profil l��g��rement convexe; suture m��sonotopropod��ale absente; face inclin��e du propod��um l��g��rement concave et tr��s brillante; marge post��rolat��rale du propod��um anguleuse; cavit��s m��tacoxales presque ferm��es, les deux pointes terminales se rencontrant nettement, mais non fusionn��es; orifice de la glande m��tapleurale dirig�� dorso-post��rieurement; pas de rang��e de soies frangeantes bordant Porifice de la glande; p��tiole plus long que haut ou large; pas de p��doncule et face ant��rieure large et verticale; face dorsale plane, se prolongeant par une marge post��rodorsale sans former de face post��rieure distincte; en vue lat��rale, le p��tiole pr��sente un bord ant��rieur droit, des angles ant��ro-dorsaux marqu��s et un bord dorsal tr��s l��g��rement convexe; processus sous-p��tiolaire bas; hypopygium avec une rang��e de 10 denticules; aiguillon robuste. Reine. Dimensions en mm: TL 6,00; I-IL 1,15; HW 1,15; SL 0,77; PW 0,77; Pew 0,70 PeH 0,72; PeL 0,69; MdL 0,69; Mdw 0,17; �� yeux 0,18; largeur du m��sonotum 0,87 (n = 1). Habitus, d��tails de la t��te, mandibules et scapes comme chez Pouvri��re, mais avec quelques diff��rences telles que la pr��sence d'yeux compos��s, d'ocelles, d���un thorax bien d��velopp�� et d'ailes; ponctuation du sommet de la t��te identique �� celle des ouvri��res, mais avec des rugosit��s longitudinales marqu��es; pilosit�� comme chez Pouvri��re; scape antennaire courb�� et arqu��; nervation alaire inconnue (la reine collect��e ��tant d��sail��e). M��le. Nous attribuons �� cette esp��ce un m��le trouv�� dans la m��me souche que l���holotype, mais en dehors du nid. Uattribution �� cette esp��ce ne peut ��tre certaine, d'autres esp��ces db��mblyopone ��tant presentes dans la m��me localit��. En cons��quence, nous citons seulement ce sp��cimen sans le d��crire, attendant la d��couverte de nouveau mat��riel pour confirmer son identification. Larve. Larve de type "platythyreiforrne", sensu WHEELER& WHEELER (1976), montrant les traits g��n��raux des autres larves d���Amblyopone ��tudi��es par MASUKO (1990). Etymologie. Cette esp��ce est nomm��e cPapr��s le pr��nom de Clea dos Santos Ferreira Mariano. Discussion. Selon la r��vision de LATYKE (1991), cette nouvelle esp��ce peut ��tre ais��ment distingu��e d���Amblyopone falcata et A. degenerata par ses douze antennom��res. Elle peut ��galement ��tre distingu��e de A. mystriops, A. trigonignatha, A. oregonensis et A. pallipes par les Iobes de ses car��nes frontales fusionn��s. Enfin, elle est diff��rente de toutes les autres esp��ces n��otropicales connues par les caract��res donn��s dans la cl�� et ses dimensions plus grandes (HL 1,16- 1,30 mm, HW l,13- l,28 mm, TL 5,16-6,19 mm), notamment compar��e �� A. agostii n. sp. (voir fig. 5). Ecologie. Amblyopone cleae a ��t�� collect��e deux fois dans le m��me fragment relictuel de for��t atlantique primaire, sur la municipalit�� d���Itororo �� Bahia (Br��sil). Situ��e au sommet d'une colline �� environ 900 m d���altitude, cette for��t m��sophile est tr��s menac��e par Pactivit�� agropastorale locale. Ce biotope de 1a localit��-type, seule station connue, aura probablement disparu dans quelques ann��es. Les 25 sp��cimens gard��s en collection proviennent de deux colonies nichant dans des souches de bois mort pos��es sur un terrain pentu et situ��es �� environ 80 rn l���une de l���autre. Le premier nid a ��t�� collect�� enti��rement, sugg��rant la monogynie de cette esp��ce, alors que seule une partie du second nid a ��t�� trouv��e., Published as part of Lacau, S��bastien & Delabie, Jacques H. C., 2002, Description de trois nouvelles esp��ces d �� Amblyopone avec quelques notes biog��ographiques sur le genre au Br��sil (Formicidae, Ponerinae), pp. 33-41 in Bulletin de la Soci��t�� entomologique de France 107 (1) on pages 34-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3576308, {"references":["WHEELER W. G. C. & WHEELER J., 1976. ~ Ant larvae: review and synthesis. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 7, 108 p.","MASUKO K., 1990. - The instars of the ant Amblyopone silvestrii. Sociobiology, 17: 221 - 244"]}

Amblyopone heraldoi Lacau & Delabie, n. sp. (fig. 6 et 7) HOLOTYPE: ouvri��re, Br��sil, Amazonas-4832, Manaus-Rs 1301, 12.XII. 1993, L50- 5, Ant��nio Batista Casimiro coll., (INPA, Br��sil). Paratype: 1 ouvri��re, idem, Manaus-Rs 1202, 12.XI. 1993, K 14- 5, A. Batista Casimiro coll. (CPCC, Br��sil). Description. Ouvri��res. Dimensions en mm, holotype (paratype): TL 3,35 (3,46); HL 0,74 (0,74); HW 0,59 (0,59); SL 0,39 (0,40); PW 0,38 (0,40); Pew 0,37 (0,38); PeH 0,35 (0,4); PeL 0,50 (0,56); MdL 0,48 (0,50); Mdw 0,06 (0,08); n = 2. T��te et corps noirs; apex du gastre, antennes, mandibules et pattes rouge��tres; dessus de la t��te et du corps avec une pubescence dense, c��t�� lat��ral du thorax glabre et brillant. T��te carr��e en vue dorsale, avec les c��t��s l��g��rement convexes et l��g��rement divergents ant��rieurement; marge occipitale l��g��rement concave; dessus de la t��te ponctu�� de mani��re ��parse, chaque ponctuation avec un tubercule central pilifere; stries longitudinales pr��sentes sur moins d���un quart de la partie ant��rieure de la t��te; marge clyp��ale ant��rieure l��g��rement convexe, avec une rang��e de 10 dents sub��gales, bien s��par��es les unes des autres et plus longues que larges; lobes frontaux petits et fusionn��s; car��ne m��diane absente; dent g��nale r��duite �� une protub��rance tr��s petite et arrondie; toruli redress��s et fusionn��s avec les lobes frontaux recouvrant; yeux r��duits �� une seule ommatidie situ��e en arri��re de la moiti�� de la face lat��rale de la t��te; mandibules de forme particuli��re, nettement falciformes, se recouvrant �� leur extr��mit��, ferm��es, et sans angle distinct entre le bord basal et le bord apical; marge interne concave; 8 dents simples dispos��es en rang��es comme suit: une dent apicale pro��minente, une dent subapicale r��duite, 4 dents bidenticul��es dorsoventralement situ��es �� la moiti�� de la marge interne, une dent simple et tr��s r��duite et une dent basale marqu��e; formule des palpes: 2, 1 douze antennom��res, les quatre segments terminaux formant une massue; scape assez court et robuste, l��g��rement courb�� �� Papex; Thorax avec le dos convexe, de profil, arqu�� de la partie ant��rieure du pronotum au bord post��rieur du propod��um; pronotum l��g��rement plus long que large en vue dorsale; suture prom��sonotale compl��te; m��sonotum et m��tanotum compl��tement fusionn��s et profil l��g��rement convexes; suture m��sonotopropod��ale absente face inclin��e du propod��um l��g��rement concave et tr��s brillante bord post��ro�� lat��ral du propod��um anguleux; orifice de la glande m��tapleurale dirig�� dorso-post��rieurement; pas de rang��e de soies frangeantes bordant 1 ��� orifice de 1a glande p��tiole non p��doncul��, avec une large face ant��rieure verticale et une face dorsale plate; la marge post��ro-dorsale ne formant pas de face post��rieure distincte; p��tiole dans sa forme plus long que haut et large marge ant��rieure du n��ud droite, angles ant��ro-dorsaux marqu��s, bord dorsal juste l��g��rement convexe; hypopygium sans denticules. Reine, m��le. Inconnus. Etymologie. Cette esp��ce a ��t�� nomm��e en Fhonneur du Dr Heraldo L. Vaseoncelos (INPA), ��cologiste myrm��cologue, responsable de l���e'tude durant laquelle ce taxon fut d��couvert. Ecologie. Non connue, except�� le fait que les deux sp��cimens ont ��t�� trouv��s dans des ��chantillons de sol (25 �� 25 �� 25 cm) de reliques de la for��t amazonienne. Plus d��nfonnation peut ��tre obtenue dans VASCONCELOS & DELABIE (2000). Distribution. Esp��ce probablement end��mique de 1 ��� Amazonie centrale., Published as part of Lacau, S��bastien & Delabie, Jacques H. C., 2002, Description de trois nouvelles esp��ces d �� Amblyopone avec quelques notes biog��ographiques sur le genre au Br��sil (Formicidae, Ponerinae), pp. 33-41 in Bulletin de la Soci��t�� entomologique de France 107 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3576308, {"references":["VASCONCELOS H. L. & DELABIE J., C., H., 2000. - Ground ant communities form central Amazonia forest fragments. In: Agosti D., Majer J. D., Alonso L. & Schultz T., 2000, Sampling Ground- dwelling Ants: Case Studies form the Worlds' Rain Forests. Curtin University School of Environmental Biology Bulletin, No. 18. Perth, Australia, 75 p."]}