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Objective: To evaluate the value of extensive transurethral resection (TUR) in the diagnosis and treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and its further impact on the recurrence rate at the first follow-up cystoscopy (RR-FFC). Patients and methods: A retrospective review of consecutive series of 523 patients with NMIBCs who underwent TUR from June 2009 to July 2015 at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University was conducted. Extensive TURs were performed by taking additional tumor base and marginal specimens for 317 patients (group 1). Extensive TURs were not done in the other 206 patients (group 2). Urine cytology and follow-up cystoscopy were performed at 3 months after the initial TUR. The positive findings of additional specimens were noted and it was found whether or not the diagnosis and treatment plan had changed in group 1. Also, a comparison was made of the RR-FFC between group 1 and 2. Results: There were 51/317 (16.1%) patients whose additional specimens revealed pathological findings such as Ta, T1, and carcinoma in situ diseases. Of these positive findings, 6/51 (11.8%) were Ta stage, 16/51 (31.4%) were T1 stage, 18/51 (35.3%) were T2 stage, and 11/51 (21.5%) were carcinoma in situ. Due to the positive findings, 29/317 (9.1%) patients had their final diagnosis changed and 45/317 (14.2%) had their post-TUR treatment plans adjusted. The RR-FFC of group 1 and 2 were 4.7% (14/297) and 13.1% (27/206), respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Routine extensive TUR is helpful for the pathological diagnosis and the post- TUR treatment of NMIBC. Furthermore, it can significantly reduce the RR-FFC of NMIBC, especially in patients with T1 stage or high-grade disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Human murine double minute 2 protein (MDM2) is mainly a negative regulator of p53 tumor suppressor pathway. We aimed to investigate the association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk. Methods: A total of 535 bladder cancer patients and 649 health controls were recruited for our study. MDM2 SNP309 T>G polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the genotype and susceptibility of bladder cancer. Kaplan–Meier estimates and log-rank test were obtained to analyze the association between the genotype and risk of recrudesce in nonmuscleinvasive bladder cancer patients. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify independent prognostic factors. To further investigate the association, we conducted a meta-analysis including six studies. Results: The frequency of the MDM2 SNP309 T>G polymorphism showed no significant difference between cases and controls (all P>0.05). In the stratification analysis, the results showed that G allele carriers were prone to have a significant decrease in risk of low-grade bladder cancer (adjusted odds ratio: 0.613, 95% confidence interval: 0.427–0.881), and G variant was associated with a significantly reduced risk of recurrence in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with or without chemotherapy (P<0.05). The results of the meta-analysis showed that G allele and GG genotype of MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism were significantly associated with increased risk of bladder cancer in Caucasians (both P<0.05), and no association was observed in total populations and Asians (P>0.05). Conclusion: MDM2 SNP309 T>G polymorphism has no influence on bladder cancer risk in Asians, but this single nucleotide polymorphism may be associated with genetic susceptibility of bladder cancer among Caucasians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor-1 (BAI-1) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) at different stages and the mechanism by which it inhibits tumor endothelial cell proliferation. Normal bladder mucosa biopsy specimens were obtained as the control group, and human BTCC biopsy specimens were used as the study group. Immunohistochemical assays were used to detect the expression levels of BAI-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mutant p53, in addition to microvessel density (MVD) in the tissues. Western blotting was used to analyze the differential expression of BAI-1 in the two samples. Statistical analysis was performed, which indicated that BAI-1 expression levels in the normal bladder mucosa group were significantly higher than those in the BTCC group and were associated with clinical staging. BAI-1 levels in the T1 stage BTCC tissues were higher than those in the T2-4 stage BTCC tissues (P<0.05). BAI-1 expression levels were negatively correlated with those of VEGF (r=-0.661, P<0.001), mutant p53 (r=-0.406, P=0.002) and with the MVD (r=-0.675, P<0.001). BAI-1 may be involved in the negative regulation of BTCC microvascular proliferation, and its expression may be associated with a reduction in p53 mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New treatment strategies are required for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) due to its relative insensitivity to conventional radio- and chemotherapies. The promising strategy of tumor inhibition using human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-controlled herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-TK/GCV) in the hTERT promoter-driven HSV-TK/GCV suicide gene system was investigated. Tumor volume, weight, relative proliferation rate, and cell-apoptosis levels were examined in mice injected with adenovirus (Ad)-hTERT-HSV-TK and GCV. Increased cell death occurred following treatment with Ads carrying hTERT-HSV-TK/GCV or cytomegalovirus promoter-controlled (CMV)-HSV-TK/GCV for human RCC 786-0 and fibroblast MRC-5 cells. In mice, Ad-hTERT-HSV-TK/GCV more specifically inhibited tumor and RCC xenograft growth than Ad-CMV-HSV-TK/GCV (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Ad-hTERT-HSV-TK/GCV did not significantly damage normal fibroblasts or organ systems (heart, lung, liver, brain, kidney, and spleen). Thus, Ad-hTERT-HSV-TK/GCV is an effective RCC inhibitor in human cells in vitro and in vivo mouse models, indicating potential usefulness in RCC-targeted gene therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of pentaaryl-substituted diazaboroles have been prepared for the first time by a novel strategy based on the C-C double bond formation from imidoylstannane reagents in the presence of dibromophenylboranes. The aryl substituents on the 4,5-position of the planar C2N2B core have substantial effects on their electronic structures. All the new diazaboroles are luminescent both in solution and in the solid state. DFT calculations indicate the 4,5-C-aryl substituents have significant contributions to the LUMOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel complexes incorporating sulfonamido-imine ligands [ o-C(H)NDipp-C 6H 4NSO 2(Ar)] −(Dipp = 2,6- iPr 2C 6H 3; L 1where Ar = 2,4,6-Me 3C 6H 2, L 2where Ar = 4-MeC 6H 4, L 3where Ar = 4-O 2NC 6H 4) were synthesized and characterized. Reaction of L 1Li with trans-[Ni(Cl)(Ph)(PPh 3) 2], NiBr 2(THF) 1.5, and NiCl 2(Py) 4resulted in the formation of the nickel(I) complex L 1Ni(PPh 3) ( 1) and the four-coordinate nickel halides L 1Ni(Br)(THF) ( 2) and L 1Ni(Cl)(Py) ( 3), respectively. In contrast, reactions of less hindered L 2Li and L 3Li with NiBr 2(DME) yielded the bis(sulfonamido-imine)nickel complexes (L 2) 2Ni ( 4) and (L 3) 2Ni ( 5). Alkylation of 2with LiCH 2SiMe 3afforded the neutral nickel alkyl L 1Ni(CH 2SiMe 3) ( 6). The molecular structures of 1– 5have been determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis. DFT calculations revealed that 6adopts a distorted square-planar geometry with one of the oxygen atoms of the sulfonyl group being bound to the nickel center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]