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We have developed a highly active and well-tolerated camptothecin (CPT) drug-linker designed for antibody-mediated drug delivery in which the lead molecule consists of a 7-aminomethyl-10,11-methylenedioxy CPT (CPT1) derivative payload attached to a novel hydrophilic protease-cleavable valine–lysine–glycine tripeptide linker. A defined polyethylene glycol stretcher was included to improve the properties of the drug-linker, facilitating high antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) drug loading, while reducing the propensity for aggregation. A CPT1 ADC with 8 drug-linkers/mAb displayed a pharmacokinetic profile coincident with parental unconjugated antibody and had high serum stability. The ADCs were broadly active against cancer cells in vitro and in mouse xenograft models, giving tumor regressions and complete responses at low (≤3 mg/kg, single administration) doses. Pronounced activities were obtained in both solid and hematologic tumor models and in models of bystander killing activity and multidrug resistance. Payload release studies demonstrated that two CPTs, CPT1 and the corresponding glycine analog (CPT2), were released from a cAC10 ADC by tumor cells. An ADC containing this drug-linker was well tolerated in rats at 60 mg/kg, given weekly four times. Thus, ADCs comprised of this valine–lysine–glycine linker with CPT drug payloads have promise in targeted drug delivery.

Después del sismo ocurrido el 19 de septiembre de 2017 en México, una gran cantidad de negocios establecidos en la Ciudad de México dejó de operar temporalmente e incluso de forma definitiva. De acuerdo con lo observado tras este evento destructivo, en este trabajo se identifican las fuentes de interrupción del negocio: Protocolos de seguridad iniciales, Suspensión de servicios públicos de suministro, Efectos de vecindario y Daños en los componentes del edificio, y se propone un modelo para determinar el tiempo de interrupción de negocio, IN, con base en la inactividad de la edificación. Con la finalidad de tener valores de referencia para los datos de entrada, se documentan los tiempos de evaluación de edificios, restablecimiento de servicios públicos, demolición de edificios, entre otros aspectos relevantes para la CDMX. Finalmente, los conceptos se ejemplifican con un negocio formal hipotético establecido en una edificación de dos niveles de mampostería confinada y en los resultados se obtiene que habría una paralización total de las actividades empresariales por más de un mes debido a daños menores en la infraestructura de energía eléctrica y algunos daños estructurales en la planta alta. Además, se concluye que, aunque la interrupción de negocios depende de múltiples factores, la participación de los Ingenieros Estructuristas es trascendental para minimizar el tiempo de IN, especialmente en la evaluación de la seguridad de los edificios y la rehabilitación de las infraestructuras.

Predominantly, calcium oxide from the calcined waste Gastropoda Mollusca (Achatina fulica sp.) was post-functionalized and stabilized using trisodium phosphate to obtain an apatite-like catalyst (snail shell apatite, SNS-AP) to tailor the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC) from abundant biodiesel byproduct glycerol. Textural properties, crystal structure, and morphology were characterized by different techniques. The turnover frequency (TOF) and E-factor green metrics were determined, and plausible reaction mechanisms elucidated. The results show that the transformation of the crystalline phases of the snail shell consisting of aragonite and dolomite phases to apatite-like glaserite after functionalization with trisodium phosphate promoted stability and enhanced basicity of the catalyst to tailor the transesterification reaction. Thus, about 94.3% glycerol conversion and 96.5% GC yield were achieved under best reaction conditions of 80 °C, 90 min, DMC/glycerol molar ratio of 4, and 4 wt% catalyst weight. The TOF and E-factor were 12.533 h−1 and 0.5322, respectively. Also, the catalyst was stable over eight successive cycles of reuse sustaining about 80.34% GC yield. The results show the potential of this environmentally friendly strategy to prepare stable heterogeneous catalyst from natural wastes to promote the upgrading of oversupplied glycerol. Graphical abstract

The abatement of dissolved organochlorinated pharmaceuticals from water by catalytic hydrodechlorination has been scarcely studied so far, but it represents a promising process for such goal. This work aims to evaluate the feasibility of this system for the removal of chlorpromazine, one of the most used pharmaceuticals for mental disorders treatment, paying special attention to the deactivation and regeneration of the catalyst (commercial Pd/Al2O3, 1% wt.). Complete conversion of chlorpromazine (3 mg L−1) was achieved in 90 min reaction time at 25 °C and 1 atm, using a catalyst load of 0.25 g L−1 and 50 N mL min−1 H2 flow rate. Remarkably, the chlorine-free compound promazine was the single reaction product, which allowed to reduce significantly the ecotoxicity of the starting effluent (0.9 TUs) to negligible values. The experimental data were properly described by a pseudo-first order kinetic equation, obtaining a rate constant value of 5.9·10−2 min−1 at 25 °C, and 30 kJ mol−1 as activation energy. Despite the high activity of the catalytic system, it suffered a significant deactivation upon consecutive uses, which was associated to the selective interaction between promazine and Pd active sites. A number of regeneration methods including both thermal (calcination, calcination-reduction) and chemical (NaClO, H2O2, KMnO4) treatments were investigated. Remarkably, aqueous-phase NaClO (750 mg L−1) regeneration allowed to recover completely the activity of the initial fresh catalyst. Its suitability was further demonstrated in consecutive HDC-regeneration runs where the catalyst showed a constant activity. This regeneration procedure is particularly promising given its fast mode of action, simplicity and low-cost.

Las tendencias del diseño y los procesos multimodales requieren razonamiento lógico para lograr vínculos utilitarios y funcionales con el consumidor. Nucci (2020) en su trabajo de investigación puede innovar y contestar a través del diseño varias de estas interrogantes, aplicando procesos tradicionales y tecnológicos con áreas complementarias. Cada capítulo sistematiza criterios conceptos para presentar un producto funcional; sin embargo, el acercamiento a este tipo de investigaciones involucra el rol del diseño y su impacto social. La comprensión interdisciplinaria que se propicia desde el diseño emocional posiciona nuevos paradigmas a partir de las metodologías ágiles y la hedonomía. El origen de estas discusiones son configuraciones propias del capitalismo y su sistema productivo, cuestionando los objetos inútiles en un mundo de sujetos con necesidades incrementales. Es necesario abordar al diseño innecesario (Sherin, 2009), tarea compleja, pero se abre el debate para diseñar pensando en un mundo mejor.

Earthquakes of great intensity often affect businesses because the buildings where they operate are severely damaged, in this sense, the municipal market of Juchitán de Zaragoza represents an interesting case study. This investigation identifies the damage to property during the 8.2 Mw earthquake that occurred on September 7th, 2017, observing that the short column problem occurred in most of the columns, a settlement and shear failures in beams and non-structural walls, and later the structural and non-structural rehabilitation are detailed. Likewise, a statistical report is presented on a survey applied in November 2020 to 165 businesses established in the market to evaluate the business impact of the loss of the building’s operability due to the destructive event. According to the results obtained, only 4.24% of the economic units surveyed did not have direct losses due to the earthquake, on the other hand, 45.46% could not operate for more than a month and 33.94% considered that they stopped earning more than $ 3,000 MXN ( $ 160 USD) during the time of absolute stoppage of its activities.

Although genomic data is boosting our understanding of evolution, we still lack a solid framework to perform reliable genome-based species delineation. This problem is especially critical in the case of phylogeographically structured organisms, with allopatric populations showing similar divergence patterns as species. Here, we assess the species limits and phylogeography of Zodarion alacre, an ant-eating spider widely distributed across the Iberian Peninsula. We first performed species delimitation based on genome-wide data and then validated these results using additional evidence. A commonly employed species delimitation strategy detected four distinct lineages with almost no admixture, which present allopatric distributions. These lineages showed ecological differentiation but no clear morphological differentiation, and evidence of introgression in a mitochondrial barcode. Phylogenomic networks found evidence of substantial gene flow between lineages. Finally, phylogeographic methods highlighted remarkable isolation by distance and detected evidence of range expansion from south-central Portugal to central-north Spain. We conclude that despite their deep genomic differentiation, the lineages of Z. alacre do not show evidence of complete speciation. Our results likely shed light on why Zodarion is among the most diversified spider genera despite its limited distribution and support the use of gene flow evidence to inform species boundaries.

Crocidura (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) is the most species-rich genus among mammals, with high cryptic diversity and complicated taxonomy. The hirta-flavescens group of Crocidura represents the most abundant and widespread shrews in savannahs of eastern and southern Africa, making them a suitable phylogeographical model for assessing the role of paleoclimatic changes on current biodiversity in open African habitats. We present the first comprehensive study on the phylogeography, evolutionary history, geographical distribution, systematics, and taxonomy of the group, using the integration of mitochondrial, genome-wide (ddRAD sequencing), morpho-logical and morphometrical data collected from specimens over most of the known geographic distribution. Our genomic data confirmed the monophyly of this group and its sister relationship with the olivieri group of Cro-cidura. There is a substantial genetic variation within the hirta-flavescens group, with three highly supported clades showing parapatric distribution and which can be distinguished morphologically: C. hirta, distributed in both the Zambezian and Somali-Masai bioregions, C. flavescens, known from South Africa and south-western Zambia, and C. cf. flavescens, which is known to occur only in central and western Tanzania. Morphometric data revealed relatively minor differences between C. hirta and C. cf. flavescens, but they differ in the colouration of the pelage. Diversification of the hirta-flavescens group has most likely happened during phases of grassland expansion and contraction during Plio-Pleistocene climatic cycles. Eastern African Rift system, rivers, and the distinctiveness of Zambezian and Somali-Masai bioregions seem to have also shaped the pattern of their di-versity, which is very similar to sympatric rodent species living in open habitats. Finally, we review the group's taxonomy and propose to revalidate C. bloyeti, currently a synonym of C. hirta, including the specimens treated as C. cf. flavescens.

Atlantic sand fiddler crabs (Leptuca pugilator) exhibit an extreme case of sexual dimorphism with the male crabs wielding an enlarged dominate claw that can account up to 40% of an individual’s total body mass. The salt pans found in marine marshes are commonly colonized by fiddler crabs and have limited coverage from avian predators, making the ability to quickly run back their burrows, an important part of life. After threats have passed, making the decision of when to exit is important for securing resources and finding a mate, but if done too early could mean falling victim to a predator. This study pairs experiments and observations to determine if crab anatomy or personality is more important influence on running velocity and boldness. Crabs (21 males & 21 females) were ran and timed on a sand racetrack for 1m, behavior assays were conducted to determine each individuals boldness, and measurements of various anatomical measurements were taken. Female crabs were found to have faster run velocities than male crabs. However, male crabs displayed bolder behavior than female crabs. Overall, personality was found to be the most important factor on a crab’s running velocity and boldness.

Postoperative complications after colorectal cancer surgery have been associated with poor long-term prognosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic impact of postoperative complications after colorectal cancer surgery assessed by the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®) and designing a new prognostic score based on this index.This observational longitudinal study included a series of 604 patients who underwent colorectal surgery for cancer. Demographic data, comorbidity measured by Charlson Index, tumor characteristics, surgical data and postoperative complications were recorded as predictors. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed and long-term survival was the output variable. Based on Hazard Ratios obtained on multivariate analysis, a new score, S-CRC-PC, was created for predicting long-term survival.Two-hundred and twelve (35.1%) patients developed some postoperative complication. The mean CCI was 11.6 (±19.19). Mild complications (CCI26.2) were detected in 95 (15.7%) patients. Moderate complications (CCI 26.2-42.2) were detected in 64 (10.6%) patients. Severe complications (CCI42.3) were detected in 53 patients (8.8%) patients. Mortality rate was 1.7%. In multivariate analysis, age (p 0.001), Charlson score (p = 0.014), CCI (p 0.001), and TNM stage (p 0.001) were statistically significantly in relation to long-term survival rate. S-CRC-PC score was statistically associated with survival rate (HR: 1.34-95% CI: 1.27-1.41). Patients with S-CRC-PC values from 0 to 8 points (low risk), 8.1-16 points (medium risk), and scores above 16 points (high risk) had a cumulative survival rate at five-years of 98%, 83%, and 31% respectively.Postoperative complications after colorectal cancer surgery assessed by CCI are an independent prognostic factor of survival rate. The S-CRC-PC score may be helpful in predicting long-term cancer outcomes.

Ummidia is among the most ancient, highly diversified, widespread, morphologically static, and cryptic genera of mygalomorph spiders. Therefore, it constitutes a unique subject to investigate evolutionary processes, but also a very challenging group to study. Here, we provide the description and profuse illustration of the male and female of a new species of Ummidia from the Dominican Republic, which also constitutes the first record of the family Halonoproctidae for the island of Hispaniola. With this report, the presence of Ummidia is confirmed for three of the four Greater Antillean islands (Jamaica, Cuba, and Hispaniola), as well as for Guana (with a recent common history with Puerto Rico). Thus, the Antillean Ummidia distribution is consistent with a possible ancient terrestrial dispersal from South America during the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene, a pattern also shared by other philopatric organisms.

[EN] Many optical sensors exploit the interesting properties of porous materials, as they ensure a stronger interaction between the light and the analyte directly within the optical structure. Most porous optical sensors are mainly based on porous silicon and anodized aluminum oxide, showing high sensitivities. However, the top-down strategies usually employed to produce those materials might offer a limited control over the properties of the porous layer, which could affect the homogeneity, reducing the sensor reproducibility. In this work, we present the bottom-up synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 Fabry-Perot optical sensors displaying high sensitivity, high homogeneity, and low production cost, making this platform a very promising candidate for the development of high-performance optical sensors., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) through the PID2019-106965RB-C21 project, by the Generalitat Valenciana through grant PPC/2021/036, and by the European Union through the operational program of the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) of the Valencia Regional Government 2014-2020 and of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Ref.ICTS-2017-28-UPV-9)

The article of record may be found at https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/27821 The Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) (http://www.solas-int.org/) is an international research initiative focused on understanding the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere that are critical elements of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Following the release of the SOLAS Decadal Science Plan (2015-2025) (Brévière et al., 2016), the Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Committee (OAIC) was formed as a subcommittee of the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Scientific Steering Committee to coordinate US SOLAS efforts and activities, facilitate interactions among atmospheric and ocean scientists, and strengthen US contributions to international SOLAS. In October 2019, with support from OCB, the OAIC convened an open community workshop, Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions: Scoping directions for new research with the goal of fostering new collaborations and identifying knowledge gaps and high-priority science questions to formulate a US SOLAS Science Plan. Based on presentations and discussions at the workshop, the OAIC and workshop participants have developed this US SOLAS Science Plan. The first part of the workshop and this Science Plan were purposefully designed around the five themes of the SOLAS Decadal Science Plan (2015-2025) (Brévière et al., 2016) to provide a common set of research priorities and ensure a more cohesive US contribution to international SOLAS. This report was developed with federal support of NSF (OCE-1558412) and NASA (NNX17AB17G). This report was developed with federal support of NSF (OCE-1558412) and NASA (NNX17AB17G).

10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136809.-- Data availability: Data will be made available on request, This work aims at evaluating the fate of microplastics (MPs) along Fenton oxidation. For such goal, realistic MPs (150–250 μm) of five representative polymer types (PET, PE, PVC, PP and EPS) were obtained from commercial plastic products by cryogenic milling. Experiments (7.5 h) were performed under relatively severe operating conditions: T = 80 °C; pH0 = 3; [H2O2]0 = 1000 mgL−1 (15 doses, 1 every 0.5 h); [Fe3+]0 = 10 mgL−1 (5 doses, 1 every 1.5 h). Slight MPs weight losses (∼10%) were achieved after Fenton oxidation regardless the MP nature. Nevertheless, oxidation yield clearly increased with decreasing the particle size given their higher exposed surface area (up to 20% weight loss with 20–50 μm EPS MPs). Clearly, MPs suffered important changes in their surface due to the introduction of oxygenated groups, which made them more acidic and hydrophilic. Furthermore, MPs progressively reduced their size. In fact, they can be completely oxidized to CO2, as demonstrated in the oxidation of PS nanoplastics (140 nm), where 70% mineralization was achieved. The nature of the plastic particles had a relevant impact on its overall oxidation, being more prone to be oxidized those polymers which contain aromatic rings in their structures (EPS and PET) compared to those formed by alkane chains (PE, PP and PVC). In the latter, the presence of substituents also reduced their oxidation potential. Remarkably, possible leachates released along reaction were more quickly oxidized than the MPs/NPs, so it can be assumed that these dissolved compounds would be completely removed once the solid particles are eliminated. Notably, the leachates obtained upon MPs oxidation were more biodegradable than the released from the fresh solids. All this knowledge is crucial for the understanding of MPs oxidation by the Fenton process and opens the door for the design and optimization of this technology either for water treatment or for analytical purposes (MPs isolation), This research has been supported by the Autonoma University of Madrid and Community of Madrid through the project SI1-PJI-2019-00006, and by the Spanish MINECO through the project PID2019-105079RB-I00. D. Ortiz thanks the Spanish MIU for the FPU predoctoral grant (FPU19/04816). M. Munoz and J. Nieto-Sandoval thank the Spanish MINECO for the Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract (RYC-2016-20648) and the FPI predoctoral grant (BES-2017-081346), respectively. C. Romera-Castillo was supported by JIN-2019 project (PID2019-109889RJ-I00) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación and acknowledges the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)

To study whether combining age and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) with the shock index (SI) - SIA/G - during the initial care of polytraumatized patients can improve the ability of the SI alone to predict mortality. To compare the predictive performance of the SIA/G combination to other prognostic scales: the addition of points for the GCS, age and systolic blood pressure (GAP); the Revised Trauma Score (RTS); and the Injury Severity Score (ISS).Observational cohort study of patients with severe trauma admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital between 2015 and 2020. We calculated the SI (heart rate/systolic blood pressure), the SI/G ratio, the product of the SI and age SIA, and the combined index: SIA/G. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for hospital mortality and 24-hour mortality were calculated for the SIA/G combination and compared to the AUROCs for the GAP, the RTS, and the ISS.We analyzed data for 433 patients, 47 of whom (10.9%) died. All the prognostic indexes were significantly related to mortality but the SIA/G was the best predictor of both hospital and 24-hour mortality, with AUROCs of 0.879 (95% CI, 0.83-0.93) and 0.875 (95% CI, 0.82-0.93), respectively. A score of 3.3 for the SIA/G showed 82% sensitivity and 80% specificity for hospital mortality (86% and 78%, respectively, for 24-hour mortality). The AUROCs for the GAP, RTS, and ISS indexes were lower for hospital mortality.The combined SIA/G score is a better predictor in hospital of mortality in patients with multiple injuries than the SI or the traditional GAP, RTS, and ISS indexes.Estudiar si la edad y la puntuación Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) incrementan la predicción de mortalidad del Shock Index (SI) en la atención inicial del paciente politraumatizado y compararlo con las escalas pronósticas, GAP (Glasgow Coma Score-Age-Systolic Blood Pressure), RTS (Revised Trauma Score) e ISS (Injury Severity Score).Estudio observacional sobre una cohorte de pacientes de la unidad de cuidados críticos de un hospital de tercer nivel con diagnóstico de trauma grave entre 2015 y 2020. Se recogió el SI (FC/TAS) y el SI asociado al GCS (SI/G), a la edad (SIA) y a ambos (SIA/G). Se calculó el área bajo la curva (ABC) de la característica operativa del receptor (COR) para cada uno de ellos para la mortalidad hospitalaria (MH) y en las primeras 24 horas (M24). También se comparó el ABC COR del SIA/G con las de las escalas GAP, RTS e ISS.Se analizaron 433 pacientes de los cuales fallecieron 47 (10,9%). Todos los SI se relacionaron significativamente con la mortalidad, pero el SIA/G presentó la mayor ABC COR para MH (0,879, IC 95% 0,83-0,93) y para M24 (0,875, IC 95% 0,82-0,93). El valor SIA/G de 3,3 puntos mostró una sensibilidad del 82% y especificidad del 80% para MH y del 86% y 78% para M24. El ABC COR del SIA/G para la MH fue superior a las de las escalas GAP, RTS e ISS.SIA/G es superior al SI y a las escalas clásicas GAP, RTS e ISS como predictor de MH del paciente politraumatizado.

Background Vaccine uptake rates have been historically low in correctional settings. To better understand vaccine hesitancy in these high-risk settings, we explored reasons for COVID-19 vaccine refusal among people in federal prisons. Methods Three maximum security all-male federal prisons in British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario (Canada) were chosen, representing prisons with the highest proportions of COVID-19 vaccine refusal. Using a qualitative descriptive design and purposive sampling, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with incarcerated people who had previously refused at least one COVID-19 vaccine until data saturation was achieved. An inductive–deductive thematic analysis of audio-recorded interview transcripts was conducted using the Conceptual Model of Vaccine Hesitancy. Results Between May 19-July 8, 2021, 14 participants were interviewed (median age: 30 years; n = 7 Indigenous, n = 4 visible minority, n = 3 White). Individual-, interpersonal-, and system-level factors were identified. Three were particularly relevant to the correctional setting: 1) Risk perception: participants perceived that they were at lower risk of COVID-19 due to restricted visits and interactions; 2) Health care services in prison: participants reported feeling “punished” and stigmatized due to strict COVID-19 restrictions, and failed to identify personal benefits of vaccination due to the lack of incentives; 3) Universal distrust: participants expressed distrust in prison employees, including health care providers. Interpretation Reasons for vaccine refusal among people in prison are multifaceted. Educational interventions could seek to address COVID-19 risk misconceptions in prison settings. However, impact may be limited if trust is not fostered and if incentives are not considered in vaccine promotion.

RAD sequencing yields large amounts of genome-wide data at a relatively low cost and without requiring previous taxon-specific information, making it ideal for evolutionary studies of highly diversified and neglected organisms. However, concerns about information decay with phylogenetic distance have discouraged its use for assessing supraspecific relationships. Here, using Double Digest Restriction Associated DNA (ddRAD) data, we perform the first deep-level approach to the phylogeny of Zodarion, a highly diversified spider genus. We explore the impact of loci and taxon filtering across concatenated and multispecies coalescent reconstruction methods and investigate the patterns of information dropout in reference to both the time of divergence and the mitochondrial divergence between taxa. We found that relaxed loci-filtering and nested taxon-filtering strategies maximized the amount of molecular information and improved phylogenetic inference. As expected, there was a clear pattern of allele dropout towards deeper time and mitochondrial divergences, but the phylogenetic signal remained strong throughout the phylogeny. Therefore, we inferred topologies that were almost fully resolved, highly supported, and noticeably congruent between setups and inference methods, which highlights overall inconsistency in the taxonomy of Zodarion. Because Zodarion appears to be among the oldest and most mitochondrially diversified spider genera, our results suggest that ddRAD data show high potential for inferring intra-generic relationships across spiders and probably also in other taxonomic groups.

The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of the right to information laws on sustainability transparency in European local governments. This goal is novel, in that previous studies have examined the effects of various factors on the dissemination of government information (demographic, socioeconomic, political and financial) but not the contribution of legal factors to online transparency on environmental, social and economic sustainability. Our research question is this: Do information laws contribute to transparency on sustainability? Using the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines and a statistical regression analysis, we studied the websites of 106 local governments in ten European countries. The results obtained show that when transparency laws clearly stipulate the rules applicable and the procedures established for appeals, exceptions, refusals and requests, this can favour transparency on environmental, social and economic sustainability. Our findings advance understanding of this field and reinforce the basis for legal reforms to enhance sustainability transparency.

Many viruses employ ATP-powered motors for genome packaging. We combined genetic, biochemical, and single-molecule techniques to confirm the predicted Walker-B ATP-binding motif in the phage λ motor and to investigate the roles of the conserved residues. Most changes of the conserved hydrophobic residues resulted in > 107-fold decrease in phage yield, but we identified nine mutants with partial activity. Several were cold-sensitive, suggesting that mobility of the residues is important. Single-molecule measurements showed that the partially active A175L exhibits a small reduction in motor velocity and increase in slipping, consistent with a slowed ATP binding transition, whereas G176S exhibits decreased slipping, consistent with an accelerated transition. All changes to the conserved D178, predicted to coordinate Mg2+•ATP, were lethal except conservative change D178E. Biochemical interrogation of the inactive D178N protein found no folding or assembly defects and near-normal endonuclease activity, but a ∼ 200-fold reduction in steady-state ATPase activity, a lag in the single-turnover ATPase time course, and no DNA packaging, consistent with a critical role in ATP-coupled DNA translocation. Molecular dynamics simulations of related enzymes suggest that the aspartate plays an important role in enhancing the catalytic activity of the motor by bridging the Walker motifs and precisely contributing its charged group to help polarize the bound nucleotide. Supporting this prediction, single-molecule measurements revealed that change D178E reduces motor velocity without increasing slipping, consistent with a slowed hydrolysis step. Our studies thus illuminate the mechanistic roles of Walker-B residues in ATP binding, hydrolysis, and DNA translocation by this powerful motor.

The effects that fishes have on rates of one or more ecosystem processes (hereafter referred to as functional effects) are often invoked as an important reason for imperilled species conservation. However, the degree to which we understand these effects is rarely evaluated for most groups of fishes. We assessed how well the functional effects of freshwater and diadromous fishes, one of the most imperilled groups of animals, are quantified to date. We found that 88% of studies considering the functional effects of imperilled North American fishes were conducted on one family, Salmonidae. Studies of the functional effects of fishes were also concentrated in Pacific drainages of North America, with few studies in hotspots of imperilled fish diversity such as the Southeastern United States, the arid Southwest and central Mexico. Our results demonstrate the vast taxonomic and geographic gaps in our functional understanding of imperilled fishes and highlight the need to broaden this work to justify the argument that they are functionally important in the ecosystems they inhabit.

Canadian correctional institutions have been prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination given the multiple outbreaks that have occurred since the start of the pandemic. Given historically low vaccine uptake, we aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination acceptability among people incarcerated in federal prisons.Three federal prisons in Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia (Canada) were chosen based on previously low influenza vaccine uptake among those incarcerated. Using a qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a diverse sample (gender, age, and ethnicity) of incarcerated people. An inductive-deductive analysis of audio-recorded interview transcripts was conducted to identify and categorize barriers and facilitators within the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).From March 22-29, 2021, a total of 15 participants (n = 5 per site; n = 5 women; median age = 43 years) were interviewed, including five First Nations people and six people from other minority groups. Eleven (73%) expressed a desire to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, including two who previously refused influenza vaccination. We identified five thematic barriers across three TDF domains: social influences (receiving strict recommendations, believing in conspiracies to harm), beliefs about consequences (believing that infection control measures will not be fully lifted, concerns with vaccine-related side effects), and knowledge (lack of vaccine-specific information), and eight thematic facilitators across five TDF domains: environmental context and resources (perceiving correctional employees as sources of outbreaks, perceiving challenges to prevention measures), social influences (receiving recommendations from trusted individuals), beliefs about consequences (seeking individual and collective protection, believing in a collective "return to normal", believing in individual privileges), knowledge (reassurance about vaccine outcomes), and emotions (having experienced COVID-19-related stress).Lack of information and misinformation were important barriers to COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among people incarcerated in Canadian federal prisons. This suggests that educational interventions, delivered by trusted health care providers, may improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake going forward.

Migrants in countries affiliated with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have a higher risk of acquiring HIV, experience delayed HIV diagnosis, and have variable levels of engagement with HIV care and treatment when compared to native-born populations. A systematic mixed studies review was conducted to generate a multilevel understanding of the barriers and facilitators affecting HIV Care Cascade steps for migrant people living with HIV (MLWH) in OECD countries. Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched on March 25, 2020. Screening, critical appraisal, and analysis were conducted independently by two authors. We used qualitative content analysis and the five-level Socio-Ecological Model (i.e., individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy) to categorize barriers and facilitators. Fifty-nine studies from 17 OECD countries were included. MLWH faced similar barriers and facilitators regardless of their host country, ethnic and geographic origins, or legal status. Most barriers and facilitators were associated with the individual and organizational levels and centered around retention in HIV care and treatment. Adapting clinical environments to better address MLWH's competing needs via multidisciplinary models would address retention issues across OECD countries.

Clinical teachers perform overlapping tasks in education and patient care. They are therefore expected to juggle many professional identities such as educator and clinician. Yet little is known about how clinical teachers negotiate their professional identities. The present research examined the lived experiences of clinical teachers as they manage and make sense of their professional identities in the context of a faculty development program.This study adopted interpretative phenomenological analysis, which is an idiographic and inductive methodological approach that enables an in-depth examination of how people conceptualize their personal and social worlds. In-depth semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with six purposively sampled Brazilian clinical teachers who were attending a faculty development program. Each participant's lived experience was analyzed independently. Then, these individual analyses were compared against each other to identify convergence and divergence.Participants recognized one identity, which was labeled asClinical teachers have multifaceted identities, to which they give a sense, manage, and integrate into their daily practice. Participants recognized an embedding identity and looked for common points between the identities it contained, which allowed them to meaningfully reconcile the different demands from their overlapping professional identities. Thus, this research introduces the notion of embedding identity as a strategy to make sense of many professional identities. Variability in the embedding identities depicted in this investigation suggests the fluid and contextualized character of professional identity development. How participants saw themselves also influenced how they behaved and interacted with others accordingly. Understanding clinical teacher identity development enriches current perspectives of what it is like to be one of these medical professionals. Faculty development programs ought to consider these perspectives to better support clinical teachers in meeting the overlapping demands in education and patient care.

The adoption of technological trends such as the Internet of Things is a challenge for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), considering their financial and technological limitations. Based on the literature review, IoT readiness in SMEs is related to two factors: availability of ICT infrastructure and organizational culture focused on adopting digital technologies. Likewise, the CIO is the person in charge of developing the digital transformation strategy and leading the IoT projects' execution. In particular, addressing the needs of Colombian SMEs, this article presents five guidelines to promote SMEs' IoT readiness, considering the Technology-Organization-Environment Model (TOE): The CIO as leader of the digital transformation process in SMEs, Training programs focused on promoting IoT skills in employees, Transition to high-speed broadband, Acquisition of low-cost IoT solutions suitable for SMEs, and Participation in digital transformation programs. Additionally, the document highlights the need for public policies focused on the massification of IoT.

This work aims at evaluating the role of nature, size, age, and natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of realistic microplastics (MPs) on the adsorption of two persistent micropollutants (diclofenac (DCF) and metronidazole (MNZ)). For such goal, four representative polymer types (polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)) were tested. MPs were obtained by cryogenic milling of different commercial materials (disposable bottles, containers, and trays), and fully characterized (optical microscopic and SEM images, FTIR, elemental analysis, water contact angle and pHslurry). The micropollutants hydrophobicity determined to a high extent their removal yield from water. Regardless of the MP's nature, the adsorption capacity for DCF was considerably higher than the achieved for MNZ, which can be related to its stronger hydrophobic properties and aromatic character. In fact, aromatic MPs (PS and PET) showed the highest adsorption capacity values with DCF (~100 μg g−1). The MP size also played a key role on its adsorption capacity, which was found to increase with decreasing the particle size (20–1000 μm). MPs aging (simulated by Fenton oxidation) led also to substantial changes on their sorption behavior. Oxidized MPs exhibited acidic surface properties which led to a strong decrease on the adsorption of the hydrophobic micropollutant (DCF) but to an increase with the hydrophilic one (MNZ). NOM fouling (WWTP effluent, river water, humic acid solution) led to a dramatic decrease on the MPs sorption capacity due to sorption sites blocking. Finally, the increase of pH or salinity of the aqueous medium increased the micropollutants desorption, This research has been supported by the Autonoma University of Madrid and Community of Madrid through the project SI1-PJI-2019-00006, and by the Spanish MINECO through the project PID2019-105079RB-I00. Muñoz and J. Nieto-Sandoval thank the Spanish MINECO for the Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract (RYC-2016-20648) and the FPI predoctoral grant (BES-2017-081346), respectively. D. Ortiz thanks the Spanish MIU for the FPU predoctoral grant (FPU19/04816)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an on-grid microinverter control technique for managing active and reactive power based on a dq transformation. The system was implemented in a solar microinverter development kit (Texas Instruments—TMDSSOLARUINVKIT). This microinverter has two stages: DC-DC and DC-AC. The DC-DC stage contains an active clamp flyback converter, where the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the solar panel is obtained with a current-based incremental conductance algorithm. The DC-AC stage comprises a dual-buck inverter in which voltage-, current-, and phase-tracking control loops are implemented to control the active and reactive power. These techniques were simulated in MATLAB using the proposed mathematical model and experimentally validated in the solar development kit. The results show that the simulated model behaved similarly to the real system, and the control techniques presented good performance. The maximum power point (MPP) of the solar panel was monitored in the DC-DC stage using a current reference provided by the incremental conductance MPPT algorithm and was regulated by a 2P2Z control. The algorithm is robust against continuous changes in irradiance, as it quickly follows the ideal power and continually operates at a point close to the MPP. In addition, the active and reactive power control in the DC-AC stage enables the microinverter to supply the maximum active power. Moreover, the microinverter supplies reactive power according to a defined reference and within the established limits. The proposed mathematical model of the microinverter can be used to design new control techniques and other microinverter topologies. In addition, this active and reactive power-control technique can be implemented in low-power and low-cost microinverters to successfully maintain power quality in small microgrids.

Resumen El diseño de esta investigación es de corte empírico y cuantitativo, además, es de tipo psicométrico, bajo el criterio de estudio instrumental. Su objetivo principal fue diseñar y validar una escala de actitudes hacia la Policía Nacional para una muestra colombiana. Para ello, se realizó una revisión teórica y se diseñó una tabla de especificaciones que permitió identificar la cantidad de ítems que se requerían para abarcar las seis funciones principales de dicha entidad. Posteriormente, los ítems fueron sometidos a la validación por parte de jueces, se realizaron algunos ajustes sugeridos a la escala y se aplicó la encuesta a 566 ciudadanos colombianos con edades entre los 18 y 82 años, cuya media fue de 26 años. Se tuvo acceso a la población a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por bola de nieve. Así mismo, se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio, que agrupó los reactivos en cuatro factores: pensamientos y creencias hacia la Policía Nacional, emociones y sentimientos hacia la Policía Nacional, accionar propio de la Policía y accionar de la Policía ante riñas y peleas. Además, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio que refiere adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste. Los resultados de los análisis estadísticos demostraron que este instrumento tiene una alta consistencia interna y confiabilidad, lo cual se ve reflejado en el alfa de Cronbach general de 0,875 y una adecuada validez, ya que los ítems tienen apropiados índices de extracción y los cuatro factores en los que se agruparon explican el 47,140% de la varianza total. Abstract This study's design was empirical and quantitative. In addition, it was psychometric, under instrumental study criteria. Its main objective was to design and validate a scale of attitudes towards the National Police for a Colombian sample. To do so, a theoretical review was performed and a table of specifications was created, which allowed identifying the amount of items required to cover the six main functions of said entity. Subsequently, the items were submitted to validation by judges. Some suggested adjustment were made to the scale, and the survey was given to 566 Colombian citizens between the ages of 18 to 82. The average age was 26. The population was accessed by means of non-probability, snowball sampling. Moreover, an exploratory factor analysis was performed, which regrouped the reactive items into four factors: thoughts and beliefs regarding the National Police, feelings and emotions towards the National Police, the Police's own actions, and the Police's actions in light of brawls and fights. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis that refers to proper goodness of fit indices was performed. The results of the statistical analyses demonstrated that this instrument has high internal consistency and reliability, which is reflected in the general Cronbach's alpha of 0,875 and proper validity, since the items have appropriate extraction indices and the four factors in which they were grouped explain 47,140% of total variance. Resumo O desenho desta pesquisa é empírico e quantitativo, além disso, é psicométrico, sob o critério de estudo instrumental. Seu principal objetivo foi desenhar e validar uma escala de atitudes em relação à Polícia Nacional para uma amostra colombiana. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão teórica e foi elaborado um quadro de especificações para identificar o número de itens necessários para cobrir as seis funções principais da referida entidade. Posteriormente, os itens foram submetidos à validação de juízes, alguns ajustes sugeridos foram feitos na escala e a pesquisa foi aplicada a 566 cidadãos colombianos com idade entre 18 e 82 anos, cuja média foi de 26 anos. A população foi acessada por amostragem não probabilística em bola de neve. Da mesma forma, foi realizada uma análise fatorial exploratória, que agrupou os itens em quatro fatores: pensamentos e crenças em relação à Polícia Nacional, emoções e sentimentos em relação à Polícia Nacional, atuação característica da Polícia e atuação da Polícia frente a rixas e brigas. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise fatorial confirmatória que se refere a índices adequados de bondade de ajuste. Os resultados das análises estatísticas demonstraram que este instrumento possui alta consistência interna e confiabilidade, o que se reflete no alfa de Cronbach geral de 0,875 e validade adequada, uma vez que os itens apresentam taxas de extração adequadas e os quatro fatores nos quais foram agrupados explicam 47,140% da variância total.

Este libro electrónico acerca al lector a la génesis de la Constitución política colombiana a través de cuatro capítulos que guían las reflexiones acerca de su rol como ciudadano en el contexto del Estado social y democrático de Derecho. Por ello, en el primer capítulo se presenta la evolución del Estado; en el segundo capítulo, el nexo entre el Estado laico, la libertad y la autonomía plasmados en la Constitución, los cuales determinan el desarrollo conceptual del tercer capítulo, dedicado a la democracia y la participación. Finalmente, la exposición de los derechos humanos y su impacto en la organización del Estado colombiano.

Colombia is an equatorial country located in the northwestern corner of South America with characteristic and complex climatic and geologic settings, which contribute to a great diversity of landforms in the Colombian Andes. 65% of the Colombian population is concentrated in this mountainous terrain, where landslides and torrential flows are common. These natural hazards led to several tragic events over time. Their occurrence is favored by a very dynamic landscape made up of weak and highly weathered materials and affected by tectonic stress. In this study, we aim to gain a better understanding of morphometric control on the occurrence of landslides and torrential flows through process geomorphology and information derived from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Several morphometric indices related to drainage network, basin geometry, drainage texture, relief characteristics, asymmetry factor and others were calculated over 168 drainage basins in the northern Colombian Andes. We used quantitative geomorphology to find patterns of anomalies associated with landscape evolution and the occurrence of landslides and torrential flows. Understanding morphodynamics from morphogenesis is important to assess landslide and torrential flow hazard conditions in relation to landscape characteristics and evolution, to support hazard assessment, and consequently to reduce human and economic losses.Keywords: Landslide, torrential flow, morphometric indices, mountainous terrains.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has acted as a catalyst for the development and adoption of a broad range of remote monitoring technologies (RMTs) in health care delivery. It is important to demonstrate how these technologies were implemented during the early stages of this pandemic to identify their application and barriers to adoption, particularly among vulnerable populations. Objective The purpose of this knowledge synthesis was to present the range of RMTs used in delivering care to patients with COVID-19 and to identify perceived benefits of and barriers to their use. The review placed a special emphasis on health equity considerations. Methods A rapid review of published research was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE, and QxMD for records published from the inception of COVID-19 (December 2019) to July 6, 2020. Synthesis involved content analysis of reported benefits of and barriers to the use of RMTs when delivering health care to patients with COVID-19, in addition to health equity considerations. Results Of 491 records identified, 48 publications that described 35 distinct RMTs were included in this review. RMTs included use of existing technologies (eg, videoconferencing) and development of new ones that have COVID-19–specific applications. Content analysis of perceived benefits generated 34 distinct codes describing advantages of RMTs, mapped to 10 themes overall. Further, 52 distinct codes describing barriers to use of RMTs were mapped to 18 themes. Prominent themes associated with perceived benefits included a lower burden of care (eg, for hospitals, health care practitioners; 28 records), reduced infection risk (n=33), and support for vulnerable populations (n=14). Prominent themes reflecting barriers to use of RMTs included equity-related barriers (eg, affordability of technology for users, poor internet connectivity, poor health literacy; n=16), the need for quality “best practice” guidelines for use of RMTs in clinical care (n=12), and the need for additional resources to develop and support new technologies (n=11). Overall, 23 of 48 records commented on equity characteristics that stratify health opportunities and outcomes, including general characteristics that vary over time (eg, age, comorbidities; n=17), place of residence (n=11), and socioeconomic status (n=7). Conclusions Results of this rapid review highlight the breadth of RMTs being used to monitor and inform treatment of COVID-19, the potential benefits of using these technologies, and existing barriers to their use. Results can be used to prioritize further efforts in the implementation of RMTs (eg, developing “best practice” guidelines for use of RMTs and generating strategies to improve equitable access for marginalized populations).

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) leverage the specificity of antibodies to direct the delivery of potent cytotoxic agents to cancer cells. To fully leverage this specificity, targets with significant differential tumor versus normal tissue expression are ideal for ADC development. Placental alkaline phosphatases, ALPP and ALPPL2, are proteins present during fetal development but are found in several tumor types, making them an attractive ADC target. These cell membrane-attached phosphatases form homo- and heterodimers and play key roles in nucleotide recycling. SGN-ALPV is a novel investigational vedotin ADC comprised of a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody conjugated to the microtubule disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a protease-cleavable peptide linker that has been clinically validated in multiple ADC programs. Here we characterize the target antigens, ALPP and ALPPL2, and evaluate SGN-ALPV antitumor activity in preclinical models. Immunohistochemistry and genomic data mining showed that ALPP and ALPPL2 have a highly restricted normal tissue expression yet high expression in several solid tumor types including ovarian, endometrial, germ cell, non-small cell lung and gastric carcinomas. Importantly, normal tissue expression is restricted to placenta and reproductive tissue, with low levels in lung tissue. SGN-ALPV utilizes a humanized antibody, h12F3, that is highly specific for both human and cynomolgus monkey ALPP and ALPPL2 proteins, but not other related phosphatases. In vitro, upon binding to SGN APLV, the antigens, ALPP and ALPPL2, are internalized to lysosomal vesicles releasing the MMAE payload, whose cytotoxic features drive mitotic arrest, apoptosis, and the induction of immunogenic cell death. Additionally, SGN-ALPV mediates antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) in vitro but lacks complement-dependent cytotoxicity. In preclinical studies, SGN-ALPV exhibits robust antitumor activity in cell line- and patient-derived xenograft models of ovarian, lung, pancreatic, and gastric carcinoma including models with both homogenous and heterogeneous expression of ALPP and ALPPL2, consistent with robust bystander activity of vedotin ADCs. Although, the contribution of ADCC and ADCP in vivo is currently unknown, it is expected that the antitumor activity of SGN-ALPV is mediated by MMAE cytotoxicity. SGN-ALPV was well tolerated in non-human primates (NHP) and exhibited linear pharmacokinetic characteristics, with a toxicity profile consistent with other vedotin-based ADCs. In summary, differential expression of ALPP and ALPPL2 in the tumor versus normal tissue, antibody specificity, antitumor activity, and tolerability of SGN-ALPV provide a strong rationale for the initiation of a planned first-in-human Phase 1 clinical study. Citation Format: Sarah Anderson, Nanna Hansen, Robert Lawrence, Aroon T. Chande, David Ortiz, Christopher Carosino, Esther Trueblood, Nicole Stevens, Kerry Klussman, Angela Epp, Bill Arthur, Shyra Gardai, Hector Rincon. SGN-ALPV a novel, investigational vedotin ADC demonstrates highly effective targeting of oncofetal phosphatases ALPP and ALPPL2 in preclinical models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1766.

e18721 Background: In our experience during the first year of development of ACHOC-C19 study, we observed 26% mortality in patients with cancer and COVID 19 infection. The impact of vaccination was not evaluated prior to the implementation of this strategy worldwide in this kind of population. It was proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of immunization during the second phase of our investigation. Methods: Cohort study derived from the National Registry of Patients with Cancer and COVID-19 (ACHOCC-19). Data were collected from June 2021 since vaccine was available. Patients were: older than 18 years, diagnosed with cancer (solid tumors), treated and/or under follow-up, and with COVID-19 infection. The comparative analysis of the vaccinated and non-vaccinated cohort is presented. Outcomes included: all-cause mortality within 30 days of infection diagnosis, hospitalization, and mechanical ventilation. Effect estimation was performed through relative risk (RR) and multivariate analysis for each event, using generalized linear models of the binomial family. Results: 896 patients were included, 470 were older than 60 years (52.4%) and 59% women (n = 530). 172 patients were recruited in the vaccinated cohort and 724 in the non-vaccinated cohort (ratio: 1 to 4.2). The cumulative incidence of hospitalization among the unvaccinated was 42.4% (n = 307), and among the vaccinated, 29% (n = 50); invasive mechanical ventilation requirement was 8.4% (n = 61) in unvaccinated, and 4.6% (n = 8) in vaccinated. The cumulative incidence of mortality from all causes in the unvaccinated was 17% (n = 123) and in the vaccinated 4.65% (n = 8). Table summarizes the multivariate analysis. The adjusted RR for mortality for the unvaccinated is 3.4 (95% CI: 1.7-6.8), for hospitalization 1.36 (95% CI: 1.08-1.72), and for mechanical ventilation 2.1 (95% CI: 1.02-4.2). Conclusions: The incidence of complications and death in patients with cancer and COVID-19 infection is significantly higher in those who have not received a vaccination schedule compared to those who have been vaccinated. Immunization should be promoted and intensified in this population group.[Table: see text]

e21572 Background: Malignant melanoma is the skin cancer with the highest mortality rate. In early stages, it may have a better prognosis and some possibility of cure. In Colombia, given the increase in cases, a national registry of the disease has been initiated with the aim of characterizing the population and establishing the prognostic factors in the local context. Methods: Cohort study based on data from the Epidemiological Registry of Malignant Melanoma in Colombia (REMMEC). For this first phase,data from January 2011 to December 2021 were analyzed. Patients were older than 18 years, with confirmed diagnosis of localized melanoma. Mortality and recurrence incidence rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, overall survival was estimated at 5 years of follow-up for each stage. Finally, a prognostic model was made for the mortality outcome, using the Cox proportional hazards method. Results: 759 patients were included, the mean age was 66 years (SD: 15.6), 57% women (n = 431), 29% phototype I or II (n = 219), and the most frequent histological subtype was acral lentiginous (n = 211; 36%). In relation to the stage, 13.9% with stage 0 (n = 106), 24.2% in stage I (n = 184), 30% in stage II (n = 228), and 31.7% in stage III (n = 241). ECOG-3-4 in 1.05% (n = 8). Regarding the health regimen, the subsidized patients were 199 (26%), and the contributive 560 (73.8%), of which 35 and 30.6% had stage III, respectively. 92% of all patients underwent local surgery (n = 699) and 30% (n = 226) local lymphadenectomy. The median follow-up time was 36 months (IQR: 17-72). The mortality incidence rate was 3.6 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI: 2.9-4.3), and the recurrence rate was 6.8 cases per 100 person-years (95% CI: 5.9 -7.8). Overall survival at five years for patients in stage 0 and I was 97% (95% CI: 89-99), for stage II it was 80% (95% CI: 72.6-86.6); for stage III 65% (95% CI: 57-72). 22.4% (n = 170) received adjuvant treatment . 26.2% (n = 199) had metastatic recurrence. The prognostic factors for mortality are presented in Table. Conclusions: In the Colombian context, in patients with localized melanoma, ECOG 3 or 4, stage III at the time of diagnosis, receiving radiotherapy, the presence of ulceration, chronic sun exposure, and the subsidized health regimen are poor prognostic factors.[Table: see text]

Although transparency on the sustainability of public services is an issue of urgent interest to both governments and academics, previous research in this area has mainly focused on developed European countries, and has paid insufficient attention to areas that are still developing, such as many Latin American countries. The aim of this study is to identify factors that promote transparency on sustainability by local governments in Latin America, in the view that greater transparency will help them meet the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Therefore, using content analysis and following the GRI guidelines, we analyze the economic, social and environmental information published on the websites of 200 large local governments in 18 Latin American countries. In addition, using linear regression and calculating the corresponding Spearman coefficients, we analyze the influence of idiosyncratic and systemic variables on the volume of information disclosed. Our findings show that certain factors—population size, education level, unemployment, the quality of legislation and political corruption—affect transparency on sustainability. The conclusions drawn from this analysis enable us to identify useful measures for enhancing transparency on sustainability, including the reform of transparency laws and the analysis and disclosure of citizens’ information demands., European Commission, Junta de Andalucia B1-SEJ-317-UGR18

The digestive manifestations of a SARS-CoV-2 infection are varied and nonspecific. The appearance of portal thrombosis in these patients is very rare. Facing a patient with a diagnosis of acute portal thrombosis, we must rule out that the trigger is an intra-abdominal infectious process. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection with elevated D-Dimer and a concomitant diagnosis of portal thrombosis not attributed to other causes.