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103. Disparity between global drought hazard and awareness

Author

Dar Murtaza Ahmad and Jonghun Kam

Subjects
Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500
Abstract

Abstract Drought is a pervasive natural hazard, which can profoundly affect ecosystems and societies globally. To strengthen the global community’s resilience to droughts, a multi-dimensional understanding of global drought awareness is imperative. Here we investigate global drought awareness at local (awareness of local droughts in the affected country), remote (awareness of remote droughts in other countries), and global levels (awareness from non-exposed countries). This study uses relevant search activity volumes of a country to drought as a proxy of national-level drought awareness. We find that the recent decade has experienced no change in drought hazard over the globe, but the global community has been increasingly seeking information about drought online, that is, elevated awareness of the global community on drought. We further find that long-lasting droughts enhance local- and global-level awareness and high gross domestic product are associated with remote-level awareness. This study provides an observational evidence of global disparities in the awareness/interest regarding drought, underscoring a continuing role of European nations in enhancing global drought awareness.

Published
2024
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104. Advancing rheumatic disease treatment: A journey towards better lives

Author

Rehman Shakil U., Chopra Vipender Singh, Dar Mohd Altaf, Maqbool Mudasir, Qadrie Zulfkar, and Qadir Afshana

Subjects
rheumatic disease, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, biosimilars, precision medicine, Medicine
Abstract

The field of rheumatic disease treatment has undergone a profound transformation, characterized by significant progress in research, precision medicine, and holistic patient care. Rheumatic diseases, a diverse group of conditions affecting the joints, muscles, bones, and connective tissues, have historically caused pain and disability for millions worldwide. Traditional treatment methods primarily centered on managing symptoms, relying heavily on medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. While these approaches provided some relief, they often carried side effects and had limited long-term effectiveness. However, recent years have witnessed remarkable breakthroughs in our understanding and management of rheumatic diseases. Pioneering research has unveiled the complex immunological mechanisms at the core of these disorders, leading to the development of targeted therapies that specifically inhibit key molecules and pathways responsible for inflammation. Biologic medications, such as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and interleukin-6 inhibitors, have completely transformed treatment paradigms by not only alleviating symptoms but also potentially altering the course of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, precision medicine has emerged as a central pillar of rheumatic disease management, creating personalized treatment strategies based on a patient’s unique genetic, molecular, and immunological profile. Genetic markers, such as the human leukocyte antigen gene, can identify individuals with a heightened risk of developing RA, allowing for proactive interventions that may prevent or mitigate the onset of the disease. Combination therapies, which combine different classes of medications, offer hope for patients who do not respond adequately to single-drug treatments. Beyond pharmaceutical interventions, holistic patient care encompasses lifestyle modifications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and patient education, all aimed at improving overall well-being. Looking forward, ongoing research, innovation, and collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals, researchers, and patients are essential to sustain the trajectory of progress in rheumatic disease treatment. The future holds the potential for further breakthroughs, poised to reshape the lives and futures of individuals grappling with the complexities of these challenging health conditions, ushering in an era of renewed hope and an improved quality of life.

Published
2024
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105. An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles

Author

Jacobsson, T. J., Hultqvist, A., Garcia Fernandez, Alberto, Anand, A., Al-Ashouri, A., Hagfeldt, A., Crovetto, A., Abate, A., Ricciardulli, A. G., Vijayan, A., Kulkarni, A., Anderson, A. Y., Darwich, B. P., Yang, B., Coles, B. L., Perini, C. A. R., Rehermann, C., Ramirez, D., Fairen-Jimenez, D., Di Girolamo, D., Jia, D., Avila, E., Juarez-Perez, E. J., Baumann, F., Mathies, F., González, G. S. A., Boschloo, G., Nasti, G., Paramasivam, G., Martínez-Denegri, G., Näsström, H., Michaels, H., Köbler, H., Wu, H., Benesperi, I., Dar, M. I., Bayrak Pehlivan, I., Gould, I. E., Vagott, J. N., Dagar, J., Kettle, J., Yang, J., Li, J., Smith, J. A., Pascual, J., Jerónimo-Rendón, J. J., Montoya, J. F., Correa-Baena, J. -P, Qiu, J., Wang, J., Sveinbjörnsson, K., Hirselandt, K., Dey, K., Frohna, K., Mathies, L., Castriotta, L. A., Aldamasy, M. H., Vasquez-Montoya, M., Ruiz-Preciado, M. A., Flatken, M. A., Khenkin, M. V., Grischek, M., Kedia, M., Saliba, M., Anaya, M., Veldhoen, M., Arora, N., Shargaieva, O., Maus, O., Game, O. S., Yudilevich, O., Fassl, P., Zhou, Q., Betancur, R., Munir, R., Patidar, R., Stranks, S. D., Alam, S., Kar, S., Unold, T., Abzieher, T., Edvinsson, T., David, T. W., Paetzold, U. W., Zia, W., Fu, W., Zuo, W., Schröder, V. R. F., Tress, W., Zhang, X., Chiang, Y. -H, Iqbal, Z., Xie, Z., Unger, E., Jacobsson, T. J., Hultqvist, A., Garcia Fernandez, Alberto, Anand, A., Al-Ashouri, A., Hagfeldt, A., Crovetto, A., Abate, A., Ricciardulli, A. G., Vijayan, A., Kulkarni, A., Anderson, A. Y., Darwich, B. P., Yang, B., Coles, B. L., Perini, C. A. R., Rehermann, C., Ramirez, D., Fairen-Jimenez, D., Di Girolamo, D., Jia, D., Avila, E., Juarez-Perez, E. J., Baumann, F., Mathies, F., González, G. S. A., Boschloo, G., Nasti, G., Paramasivam, G., Martínez-Denegri, G., Näsström, H., Michaels, H., Köbler, H., Wu, H., Benesperi, I., Dar, M. I., Bayrak Pehlivan, I., Gould, I. E., Vagott, J. N., Dagar, J., Kettle, J., Yang, J., Li, J., Smith, J. A., Pascual, J., Jerónimo-Rendón, J. J., Montoya, J. F., Correa-Baena, J. -P, Qiu, J., Wang, J., Sveinbjörnsson, K., Hirselandt, K., Dey, K., Frohna, K., Mathies, L., Castriotta, L. A., Aldamasy, M. H., Vasquez-Montoya, M., Ruiz-Preciado, M. A., Flatken, M. A., Khenkin, M. V., Grischek, M., Kedia, M., Saliba, M., Anaya, M., Veldhoen, M., Arora, N., Shargaieva, O., Maus, O., Game, O. S., Yudilevich, O., Fassl, P., Zhou, Q., Betancur, R., Munir, R., Patidar, R., Stranks, S. D., Alam, S., Kar, S., Unold, T., Abzieher, T., Edvinsson, T., David, T. W., Paetzold, U. W., Zia, W., Fu, W., Zuo, W., Schröder, V. R. F., Tress, W., Zhang, X., Chiang, Y. -H, Iqbal, Z., Xie, Z., and Unger, E.

Abstract

Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42,400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences., QC 20220608

Published
2022
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106. Robust Nonspiro-Based Hole Conductors for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Akin, Seckin, Bauer, Michael, Hertel, Dirk, Meerholz, Klaus, Zakeeruddin, Shaik M., Graetzel, Michael, Baeuerle, Peter, Dar, M. Ibrahim, Akin, Seckin, Bauer, Michael, Hertel, Dirk, Meerholz, Klaus, Zakeeruddin, Shaik M., Graetzel, Michael, Baeuerle, Peter, and Dar, M. Ibrahim

Abstract

Despite considerable development in performance, both poor operational stability and high costs associated with hole conductors such as 2,2 ',7,7 '-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9 '-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) and Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) need to be addressed by the research community. Here, two nonspiro hole transporting materials (HTMs), namely HTM-1 and HTM-2, are designed and straightforwardly synthesized exhibiting remarkable electrochemical properties and hole mobilities. In particular, the PSC based on the methoxy derivative (HTM-2) exhibits a remarkable efficiency of 21.2% (stabilized efficiency of 20.8%), which is superior to the benchmark HTM spiro-OMeTAD (stabilized efficiency of 20.4%). These results establish that the molecular design is effective in improving the performance of PSCs. Importantly, these two HTMs show admissible long-term stability under different harsh conditions such as thermal stress up to 85 degrees C, high humidity level of 60% +/- 10%, and continuous illumination over 1000 h. These insights allow correlating the impact of molecular design on optoelectronic properties of nonspiro-based hole conductors with the overall device performance.

Published
2022

107. Enabling full-scale grain boundary mitigation in polycrystalline perovskite solids

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program (China), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, R&D Fruit Fund, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Royal Society (UK), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Office of Naval Research (US), University of Science and Technology of China, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Zhao, Lichen, Tang, Peng-Yi, Luo, Deying, Dar, M. Ibrahim, Eickemeyer, Félix T., Arora, Neha, Hu, Qin, Luo, Jingshan, Liu, Yuhang, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, Hagfeldt, Anders, Arbiol, Jordi, Huang, Wei, Gong, Qihuang, Russell, Thomas P., Friend, Richard H., Grätzel, Michael, Zhu, Rui, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program (China), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, R&D Fruit Fund, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Royal Society (UK), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Office of Naval Research (US), University of Science and Technology of China, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Zhao, Lichen, Tang, Peng-Yi, Luo, Deying, Dar, M. Ibrahim, Eickemeyer, Félix T., Arora, Neha, Hu, Qin, Luo, Jingshan, Liu, Yuhang, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, Hagfeldt, Anders, Arbiol, Jordi, Huang, Wei, Gong, Qihuang, Russell, Thomas P., Friend, Richard H., Grätzel, Michael, and Zhu, Rui

Abstract

There exists a considerable density of interaggregate grain boundaries (GBs) and intra-aggregate GBs in polycrystalline perovskites. Mitigation of intra-aggregate GBs is equally notable to that of interaggregate GBs as intra-aggregate GBs can also cause detrimental effects on the photovoltaic performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we demonstrate full-scale GB mitigation ranging from nanoscale intra-aggregate to submicron-scale interaggregate GBs, by modulating the crystallization kinetics using a judiciously designed brominated arylamine trimer. The optimized GB-mitigated perovskite films exhibit reduced nonradiative recombination, and their corresponding mesostructured PSCs show substantially enhanced device efficiency and long-term stability under illumination, humidity, or heat stress. The versatility of our strategy is also verified upon applying it to different categories of PSCs. Our discovery not only specifies a rarely addressed perspective concerning fundamental studies of perovskites at nanoscale but also opens a route to obtain high-quality solution-processed polycrystalline perovskites for high-performance optoelectronic devices.

Published
2022

115. Contributors

Author

Akoh, Casimir C., primary, Amadou, Issoufou, additional, Annegowda, Hardur Venkatappa, additional, Bassi, Daniele, additional, Bhat, Rajeev, additional, Bobinaitė, Ramunė, additional, Casierra-Posada, Fánor, additional, Česonienė, Laima, additional, Chacrabati, Rakhi, additional, Chen, Kunsong, additional, Chidley, Hemangi, additional, Cota-Sánchez, J. Hugo, additional, Cuellar, Fabio, additional, Dar, M. Saleem, additional, Daubaras, Remigijus, additional, de Guía Córdoba, María, additional, Denaxa, Nikoleta-Kleio, additional, Deshpande, Ashish, additional, Djordjević, Boban, additional, Efstathios, Ntanos, additional, Egydio Brandão, Anary P.M., additional, Fabroni, Simona, additional, Fortes, Ana M., additional, Gao, Wenyuan, additional, Giri, Ashok, additional, Goswami, Chayon, additional, Gündüz, Kazim, additional, Gupta, Vidya, additional, Henare, Sharon J., additional, Hernández, Alejandro, additional, Howes, Melanie-Jayne R., additional, Intidhar, Bouali, additional, Jaakola, Laura, additional, Jarma-Orozco, Alfredo, additional, Klemettilä, Hannele, additional, Lado, Joanna, additional, Li, Xian, additional, Li, Xia, additional, Li, Xuejiao, additional, López-Corrales, Margarita, additional, Marie-Alphonsine, Paul–Alex, additional, Martín, Alberto, additional, Mignani, Ilaria, additional, Mikulic-Petkovsek, Maja, additional, Oak, Pranjali, additional, Pais, Maria S., additional, Pande, Garima, additional, Pareek, Sunil, additional, Pljevljakušić, Dejan, additional, Rapisarda, Paolo, additional, Rodrigo, María Jesús, additional, Rodríguez Medina, Narciso Nerdo, additional, Romeo, Flora Valeria, additional, Roussos, Peter A., additional, Ruiz-Moyano, Santiago, additional, Santos, Déborah Yara A.C., additional, Šavikin, Katarina, additional, Serradilla, Manuel Joaquín, additional, Simmonds, Monique S.J., additional, Soler, Alain, additional, Spinardi, Anna, additional, Sun, Guang-Ming, additional, Tsafouros, Athanasios, additional, Tura, Debora, additional, Valdés-Infante Herrero, Juliette, additional, Veberic, Robert, additional, Venskutonis, Petras R., additional, Viškelis, Pranas, additional, Wang, Tingting, additional, Xu, Changjie, additional, Zacarías, Lorenzo, additional, Zdunić, Gordana, additional, Zhang, Xiu-Mei, additional, and Zoratti, Laura, additional

Published
2016
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119. An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles

Author

Jacobsson, T. Jesper, primary, Hultqvist, Adam, additional, García-Fernández, Alberto, additional, Anand, Aman, additional, Al-Ashouri, Amran, additional, Hagfeldt, Anders, additional, Crovetto, Andrea, additional, Abate, Antonio, additional, Ricciardulli, Antonio Gaetano, additional, Vijayan, Anuja, additional, Kulkarni, Ashish, additional, Anderson, Assaf Y., additional, Darwich, Barbara Primera, additional, Yang, Bowen, additional, Coles, Brendan L., additional, Perini, Carlo A. R., additional, Rehermann, Carolin, additional, Ramirez, Daniel, additional, Fairen-Jimenez, David, additional, Di Girolamo, Diego, additional, Jia, Donglin, additional, Avila, Elena, additional, Juarez-Perez, Emilio J., additional, Baumann, Fanny, additional, Mathies, Florian, additional, González, G. S. Anaya, additional, Boschloo, Gerrit, additional, Nasti, Giuseppe, additional, Paramasivam, Gopinath, additional, Martínez-Denegri, Guillermo, additional, Näsström, Hampus, additional, Michaels, Hannes, additional, Köbler, Hans, additional, Wu, Hua, additional, Benesperi, Iacopo, additional, Dar, M. Ibrahim, additional, Bayrak Pehlivan, Ilknur, additional, Gould, Isaac E., additional, Vagott, Jacob N., additional, Dagar, Janardan, additional, Kettle, Jeff, additional, Yang, Jie, additional, Li, Jinzhao, additional, Smith, Joel A., additional, Pascual, Jorge, additional, Jerónimo-Rendón, Jose J., additional, Montoya, Juan Felipe, additional, Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo, additional, Qiu, Junming, additional, Wang, Junxin, additional, Sveinbjörnsson, Kári, additional, Hirselandt, Katrin, additional, Dey, Krishanu, additional, Frohna, Kyle, additional, Mathies, Lena, additional, Castriotta, Luigi A., additional, Aldamasy, Mahmoud. H., additional, Vasquez-Montoya, Manuel, additional, Ruiz-Preciado, Marco A., additional, Flatken, Marion A., additional, Khenkin, Mark V., additional, Grischek, Max, additional, Kedia, Mayank, additional, Saliba, Michael, additional, Anaya, Miguel, additional, Veldhoen, Misha, additional, Arora, Neha, additional, Shargaieva, Oleksandra, additional, Maus, Oliver, additional, Game, Onkar S., additional, Yudilevich, Ori, additional, Fassl, Paul, additional, Zhou, Qisen, additional, Betancur, Rafael, additional, Munir, Rahim, additional, Patidar, Rahul, additional, Stranks, Samuel D., additional, Alam, Shahidul, additional, Kar, Shaoni, additional, Unold, Thomas, additional, Abzieher, Tobias, additional, Edvinsson, Tomas, additional, David, Tudur Wyn, additional, Paetzold, Ulrich W., additional, Zia, Waqas, additional, Fu, Weifei, additional, Zuo, Weiwei, additional, Schröder, Vincent R. F., additional, Tress, Wolfgang, additional, Zhang, Xiaoliang, additional, Chiang, Yu-Hsien, additional, Iqbal, Zafar, additional, Xie, Zhiqiang, additional, and Unger, Eva, additional

Published
2021
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120. 91P Phase I dose escalation of IMC-C103C, a CD3×MAGE-A4 T-cell receptor (TCR) bispecific protein

Author

Davar, D., primary, Sweis, R.F., additional, Blumenschein, G., additional, Gutierrez, R., additional, Melero, I., additional, Chen, H.A., additional, Thistlethwaite, F., additional, Moore, K.N., additional, Segal, N.H., additional, Garralda, E., additional, Wilky, B., additional, Arkenau, H-T., additional, Evans, T.R.J., additional, Johnson, M.L., additional, Dar, M., additional, Holland, C., additional, Marshall, S., additional, Stanhope, S., additional, Kirk, P., additional, and Lopez, J.S., additional

Published
2021
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124. Prospective Clinical Study on the Occurrence of Ovine Urolithiasis in Kashmir Valley of India.

Author

Firdous, W., Parrah, J. D., Bilal, S., Athar, H., Dar, M. D., and Handoo, N.

Subjects
URINARY calculi, ANIMAL feeding behavior, SHEEP farming, RETENTION of urine, ANIMAL breeds, ANIMAL breeding
Abstract

Background: The study was conducted on confirmed sheep patients suffering from complete retention of urine. Methods: A complete history regarding the age, breed and sex of the animal, castration, duration of illness, managemental practices, feeding habits of the animals, early signs of the disease, previous treatment, if any, were recorded. Result: An overall incidence of 27.11% of obstructive urolithiasis was recorded in sheep. All these cases were intact rams with different age groups, weights and of different breeds. Highest (78.68%) incidence of ovine obstructive urolithiasis was recorded during winter season. Young lambs of 2-6 months of age were found most affected with obstructive urolithiasis (31.14%). Cross bred Kashmir Merino was most affected followed by cross bred corridale (18.3%) and non descript local breeds of ovine (8.9%). The highest (60.65%) cases were brought to the clinics 48-96 hours after the onset of the disease. The cases from far flung areas and hilly terrain were usually received as late as 120-144 hours of illness. The losses could be averted to a great extent by apprising the farmers about the preventive measures of the disease and imparting them training about the balanced feeding and good managemental practices of sheep rearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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131. Integrating CRISPR-Cas and Next Generation Sequencing in Plant Virology

Author

Mushtaq, Muntazir, primary, Dar, Aejaz Ahmad, additional, Basu, Umer, additional, Bhat, Basharat Ahmad, additional, Mir, Rakeeb Ahmad, additional, Vats, Sanskriti, additional, Dar, M. S., additional, Tyagi, Anshika, additional, Ali, Sajad, additional, Bansal, Monika, additional, Rai, Gyanendra Kumar, additional, and Wani, Shabir Hussain, additional

Published
2021
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135. A combined molecular dynamics and experimental study of two-step process enabling low-temperature formation of phase-pure alpha-FAPbI3

Author

Ahlawat, Paramvir, Hinderhofer, Alexander, Alharbi, Essa A., Lu, Haizhou, Ummadisingu, Amita, Niu, Haiyang, Invernizzi, Michele, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, Dar, M. Ibrahim, Schreiber, Frank, Hagfeldt, Anders, Graetzel, Michael, Rothlisberger, Ursula, Parrinello, Michele, Ahlawat, Paramvir, Hinderhofer, Alexander, Alharbi, Essa A., Lu, Haizhou, Ummadisingu, Amita, Niu, Haiyang, Invernizzi, Michele, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, Dar, M. Ibrahim, Schreiber, Frank, Hagfeldt, Anders, Graetzel, Michael, Rothlisberger, Ursula, and Parrinello, Michele

Abstract

It is well established that the lack of understanding the crystallization process in a two-step sequential deposition has a direct impact on efficiency, stability, and reproducibility of perovskite solar cells. Here, we try to understand the solid-solid phase transition occurring during the two-step sequential deposition of methylammonium lead iodide and formamidinium lead iodide. Using metadynamics, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, we reveal the microscopic details of this process. We find that the formation of perovskite proceeds through intermediate structures and report polymorphs found for methylammonium lead iodide and formamidinium lead iodide. From simulations, we discover a possible crystallization pathway for the highly efficient metastable alpha phase of formamidinium lead iodide. Guided by these simulations, we perform experiments that result in the low-temperature crystallization of phase-pure alpha-formamidinium lead iodide.

Published
2021
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146. Charge extraction via graded doping of hole transport layers gives highly luminescent and stable metal halide perovskite devices

Author

Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba, Ibrahim Dar, M, Senanayak, Satyaprasad P, Sadhanala, Aditya, Andaji-Garmaroudi, Zahra, Pazos-Outón, Luis M, Richter, Johannes M, Pearson, Andrew J, Sirringhaus, Henning, Grätzel, Michael, Friend, Richard H, Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba [0000-0002-9430-6371], Ibrahim Dar, M [0000-0001-9489-8365], Sadhanala, Aditya [0000-0003-2832-4894], Pazos-Outón, Luis M [0000-0002-3157-5208], Sirringhaus, Henning [0000-0001-9827-6061], Grätzel, Michael [0000-0002-0068-0195], Friend, Richard H [0000-0001-6565-6308], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), solar-cells, field-effect transistors, interface, pentacene, stability, triplet excitons, performance, tetracene, efficient, degradation
Abstract

One source of instability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is interfacial defects, particularly those that exist between the perovskite and the hole transport layer (HTL). We demonstrate that thermally evaporated dopant-free tetra-cene (120 nm) on top of the perovskite layer, capped with a lithium-doped Spiro-OMeTAD layer (200 nm) and top gold electrode, offers an excellent hole-extracting stack with minimal interfacial defect levels. For a perovskite layer interfaced between these graded HTLs and a mesoporous TiO2 electron-extracting layer, its photoluminescence yield reaches 15% compared to 5% for the perovskite layer interfaced between TiO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD alone. For PSCs with graded HTL structure, we demonstrate efficiency of up to 21.6% and an extended power output of over 550 hours of continuous illumination at AM1.5G, retaining more than 90% of the initial performance and thus validating our approach. Our findings represent a breakthrough in the construction of stable PSCs with minimized nonradiative losses.

Published
2019

147. A combined molecular dynamics and experimental study of two-step process enabling low-temperature formation of phase-pure α-FAPbI 3

Author

Ahlawat, Paramvir, primary, Hinderhofer, Alexander, additional, Alharbi, Essa A., additional, Lu, Haizhou, additional, Ummadisingu, Amita, additional, Niu, Haiyang, additional, Invernizzi, Michele, additional, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, additional, Dar, M. Ibrahim, additional, Schreiber, Frank, additional, Hagfeldt, Anders, additional, Grätzel, Michael, additional, Rothlisberger, Ursula, additional, and Parrinello, Michele, additional

Published
2021
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150. Radiation Hazards and the Cancer Risk Assessments in the Sediments of Timsah Lake, Egypt

Author

Dar, M. A., Uosif, M. A., Mohamedein, L. I., Madkour, A. G., and Zakaly, H. M. H.

Subjects
SUEZ CANAL, TIMSAH LAKE, ELCR RISK, NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY, RADIATION HAZARDS
Abstract

Timsah Lake is one of the most fish productive lakes in Egypt. It is located at the midpoint of Suez Canal with surface area of about 16 km2. The lake receives about 833,000 m3daily of wastewater and sewage wastes from agriculture, industry and domestic drains. The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides; 238U, 232Th and 40K were measured using gamma-ray spectrophotometer at 24 stations covering the whole area of the lake and the Western Bay. The average activities of 238U, 232Th and 40K were; 21.66 ± 11.20, 21.42 ± 11.68 and 200.30 ± 141.10 Bq/kg respectively. The averages of radiation hazard parameters; the absorbed and effective dose rate (D), the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), radium equivalent (Raeq), the external hazard index (Hex) and the representative level index (Iγr) were; 30.85 nGy h-1, 37.84 μSv/y, 67.02 Bq/kg, 0.18 (lower than the unity) and 0.23 respectively. The distribution patterns showed significant high variations in the radionuclides activities and the hazard parameters between the investigated stations. The Western Bay stations and the path zone interlinked between the bay and the lake showed the high radionuclide activities and high radiation hazards indicating to the sewage wastes and wastewater runoff are the essential sources of the high natural radionuclide activities and radiation hazards. The average of the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was 132.43 × 10-6significantly lower than the worldwide average. The highest recorded level of ELCR was reached 308.38 × 10-6observed in the interlink zone between the bay and the lake away from fishing stations and recreational zones. Statistical analyses indicated that the radionuclides 238U and 232Th are the sources of the elevated radiation hazards with nearly equal intensities. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.

Published
2020

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