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101. Optical performance of the Metis coronagraph on the Solar Orbiter ESA mission

Author: Frassetto, Fabio, primary, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, Zuppella, Paola, additional, Romoli, Marco, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Antonucci, Ester, additional, Nicolini, Giana, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Nicolosi, Piergiorgio, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, Castronuovo, Marco, additional, Casti, Marta, additional, Capobianco, Gerardo, additional, Massone, Giuseppe, additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Landini, Federico, additional, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, additional, Teriaca, Luca, additional, Schühle, Udo, additional, Heerlein, Klaus, additional, and Uslenghi, Michela, additional
Published: 2019
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102. SIMBIO-SYS/STC stereo camera calibration: Geometrical distortion

Author: Simioni, Emanuele, primary, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, Re, Cristina, additional, Slemer, Alessandra, additional, Capria, Maria Teresa, additional, Ficai Veltroni, Iacopo, additional, Borrelli, Donato, additional, Dami, Michele, additional, Tommasi, Leonardo, additional, Mugnuolo, Raffaele, additional, Amoroso, Marilena, additional, Longo, Francesco, additional, and Cremonese, Gabriele, additional
Published: 2019
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103. Raman LIDARs for the atmospheric calibrationalong the line-of-sight of CTA

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Ballester, Otger, Blanch, Oscar, Boix, Joan, Bregeon, Johan, Brun, Patrick, Çolak, §ıdıka Merve, Doro, Michele, Da Deppo, Vania, Font, Lluís, Gabella, Omar, García-Tenorio García-Balmaseda, Rafael, Gaug, Markus, Maggio, Camilla, Martínez, Manel Cruz, Martínez, Óscar, Adrover, Pere Munar, Ramos, Raúl, Rivoire, Stephane, Staniˇc, Samo, Villar, David, Vasileiadis, George, Wang, Longlong, Zavrtanik, Marko, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Ballester, Otger, Blanch, Oscar, Boix, Joan, Bregeon, Johan, Brun, Patrick, Çolak, §ıdıka Merve, Doro, Michele, Da Deppo, Vania, Font, Lluís, Gabella, Omar, García-Tenorio García-Balmaseda, Rafael, Gaug, Markus, Maggio, Camilla, Martínez, Manel Cruz, Martínez, Óscar, Adrover, Pere Munar, Ramos, Raúl, Rivoire, Stephane, Staniˇc, Samo, Villar, David, Vasileiadis, George, Wang, Longlong, and Zavrtanik, Marko
Abstract: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next generation ground-based observatory forgamma-ray astronomy at very-high energies. Employing more than 100 Imaging AtmosphericCherenkov Telescopes in the northern and southern hemispheres, it was designed to reach un-precedented sensitivity and energy resolution. Understanding and correcting for systematic bi-ases on the absolute energy scale and instrument response functions will be a crucial issue forthe performance of CTA. The LUPM group and the Spanish/Italian/Slovenian collaboration arecurrently building two Raman LIDAR prototypes for the online atmospheric calibration alongthe line-of-sight of the CTA. Requirements for such a solution include the ability to characterizeaerosol extinction at two wavelengths to distances of 30 km with an accuracy better than 5%,within time scales of about a minute, steering capabilities and close interaction with the CTAarray control and data acquisition system as well as other auxiliary instruments. Our Raman LI-DARs have design features that make them different from those used in atmospheric science andare characterized by large collecting mirrors (∼2.5 m2), liquid light-guides that collect the light atthe focal plane and transport it to the readout system, reduced acquisition time and highly preciseRaman spectrometers. The Raman LIDARs will participate in a cross-calibration and character-ization campaign of the atmosphere at the CTA North site at La Palma, together with other sitecharacterization instruments. After a one-year test period there, an in-depth evaluation of the so-lutions adopted by the two projects will lead to a final Raman LIDAR design proposal for bothCTA sites.
Published: 2019

104. Spectrophotometric variegation of the layering in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by OSIRIS

Author: German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Tognon, G, Ferrari, S., Penasa, L., La Forgia, F., Massironi, M., Naletto, G., Lazzarin, M., Cambianica, P., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., Ferri, F., Güttler, C., Davidsson, B., Deshapriya, P, Fornasier, S., Mottola, S., Toth, I., Sierks, H., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Barbieri, C, Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Franceschi, M., Frattin, E., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Petropoulou, V., Shi, X., Tubiana, C., German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Tognon, G, Ferrari, S., Penasa, L., La Forgia, F., Massironi, M., Naletto, G., Lazzarin, M., Cambianica, P., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., Ferri, F., Güttler, C., Davidsson, B., Deshapriya, P, Fornasier, S., Mottola, S., Toth, I., Sierks, H., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Barbieri, C, Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Franceschi, M., Frattin, E., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Petropoulou, V., Shi, X., and Tubiana, C.
Abstract: Between August 2014 and September 2016, the ESA space mission Rosetta escorted comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) during its perihelion passage. The onboard OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) acquired high-resolution multispectral images of the cometary surface. These datasets allowed a characterization of the spectrophotometric variegation of the layering of the large lobe, correlated with the layer structural elevation. Aims. We perform a spectrophotometric characterization of the outcropping stratification of the small lobe of 67P as a function of its structural elevation, and consequently, a spectrophotometric comparison of the layered outcrops of the two lobes. Methods. We selected two sequences of post-perihelion OSIRIS NAC images (similar to 2.4 au outbound to the Sun), from which we built up two multispectral images, framing an extended geological section of the onion-like stratification of the small lobe. Then we classified the consolidated areas of the outcropping and the relative coarse deposits that were identified in the multispectral data with a two-class maximum likelihood method. For this, we defined the classes as a function of the structural elevation of the surface. Results. As a result, we identified a brightness variegation of the surface reflectance that is correlated with the structural elevation. The outer class, which is located at higher elevations, appears darker than the inner class. This fits previously obtained results for the large lobe. The reflectance values of the nucleus of 67P tend to decrease with increasing structural elevation. Conclusions. The observed spectrophotometric variegation can be due to a different texture as well as to a different content of volatiles and refractories. We suggest that the outer outcrops appear darker because they have been exposed longer, and the inner outcrops appear brighter because the surface has been more effectively rejuvenated. We interpret this variegation as the result of an evolutionary p
Published: 2019

105. Surface evolution of the Anhur region on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from high-resolution OSIRIS images

Author: German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Fornasier, S., Feller, C., Hasselmann, P.H., Barucci, M.A., Sunshine, J, Vincent, J.B., Shi, X., Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Ferrari, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Jorda, L., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Lucchetti, A., Marzari, F., Mottola, S., Pajola, M., Toth, I., Tubiana, C., German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Fornasier, S., Feller, C., Hasselmann, P.H., Barucci, M.A., Sunshine, J, Vincent, J.B., Shi, X., Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Ferrari, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Jorda, L., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Lucchetti, A., Marzari, F., Mottola, S., Pajola, M., Toth, I., and Tubiana, C.
Abstract: The southern hemisphere of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) became observable by the Rosetta mission in March 2015, a few months before cometary southern vernal equinox. The Anhur region in the southern part of the comet's larger lobe was found to be highly eroded, enriched in volatiles, and highly active. Aims. We analyze high-resolution images of the Anhur region pre- and post-perihelion acquired by the OSIRIS imaging system on board the Rosetta mission. The Narrow Angle Camera is particularly useful for studying the evolution in Anhur in terms of morphological changes and color variations. Methods. Radiance factor images processed by the OSIRIS pipeline were coregistered, reprojected onto the 3D shape model of the comet, and corrected for the illumination conditions. Results. We find a number of morphological changes in the Anhur region that are related to formation of new scarps; removal of dust coatings; localized resurfacing in some areas, including boulders displacements; and vanishing structures, which implies localized mass loss that we estimate to be higher than 50 million kg. The strongest changes took place in and nearby the Anhur canyon-like structure, where significant dust cover was removed, an entire structure vanished, and many boulders were rearranged. All such changes are potentially associated with one of the most intense outbursts registered by Rosetta during its observations, which occurred one day before perihelion passage. Moreover, in the niche at the foot of a new observed scarp, we also see evidence of water ice exposure that persisted for at least six months. The abundance of water ice, evaluated from a linear mixing model, is relatively high (>20%). Our results confirm that the Anhur region is volatile-rich and probably is the area on 67P with the most pristine exposures near perihelion.© S. Fornasier et al. 2019
Published: 2019

106. Rosetta/OSIRIS observations of the 67P nucleus during the April 2016 flyby: high-resolution spectrophotometry

Author: German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Feller, C., Fornasier, S., Ferrari, S., Hasselmann, P.H., Barucci, A, Massironi, M., Deshapriya, J.D.P., Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, Björn J. R., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Shi, X., Tubiana, C., Gaskell, B, La Forgia, F., Lucchetti, A., Mottola, S., Pajola, M., Preusker, F., Scholten, F., German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Feller, C., Fornasier, S., Ferrari, S., Hasselmann, P.H., Barucci, A, Massironi, M., Deshapriya, J.D.P., Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, Björn J. R., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Shi, X., Tubiana, C., Gaskell, B, La Forgia, F., Lucchetti, A., Mottola, S., Pajola, M., Preusker, F., and Scholten, F.
Abstract: From August 2014 to September 2016, the Rosetta spacecraft followed comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko along its orbit. After the comet passed perihelion, Rosetta performed a flyby manoeuvre over the Imhotep-Khepry transition in April 2016. The OSIRIS/Narrow-Angle-Camera (NAC) acquired 112 observations with mainly three broadband filters (centered at 480, 649, and 743 nm) at a resolution of up to 0.53 m/px and for phase angles between 0.095 degrees and 62 degrees. Aims. We have investigated the morphological and spectrophotometrical properties of this area using the OSIRIS/NAC high-resolution observations. Methods. We assembled the observations into coregistered color cubes. Using a 3D shape model, we produced the illumination conditions and georeference for each observation. We mapped the observations of the transition to investigate its geomorphology. Observations were photometrically corrected using the Lommel-Seeliger disk law. Spectrophotometric analyses were performed on the coregistered color cubes. These data were used to estimate the local phase reddening. Results. The Imhotep-Khepry transition hosts numerous and varied types of terrains and features. We observe an association between a feature's nature, its reflectance, and its spectral slopes. Fine material deposits exhibit an average reflectance and spectral slope, while terrains with diamictons, consolidated material, degraded outcrops, or features such as somber boulders present a lower-than-average reflectance and higher-than-average spectral slope. Bright surfaces present here a spectral behavior consistent with terrains enriched in water-ice. We find a phase-reddening slope of 0.064 +/- 0.001%/100 nm/degrees at 2.7 au outbound, similar to the one obtained at 2.3 au inbound during the February 2015 flyby. Conclusions. Identified as the source region of multiple jets and a host of water-ice material, the Imhotep-Khepry transition appeared in April 2016, close to the frost line, to further harbor several
Published: 2019

107. Quantitative analysis of isolated boulder fields on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Cambianica, P., Cremonese, G., Naletto, G., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., Penasa, L., Simioni, E., Massironi, M., Ferrari, S., Bodewits, D., La Forgia, F., Sierks, H., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Dayidsson, B, Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Mottola, S., Shi, X., Scholten, F., Toth, I., Tubiana, C., Vincent, J.B., German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Cambianica, P., Cremonese, G., Naletto, G., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., Penasa, L., Simioni, E., Massironi, M., Ferrari, S., Bodewits, D., La Forgia, F., Sierks, H., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Dayidsson, B, Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Mottola, S., Shi, X., Scholten, F., Toth, I., Tubiana, C., and Vincent, J.B.
Abstract: We provide a detailed quantitative analysis of isolated boulder fields situated in three different regions of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Imhotep, Hapi, and Hatmehit. This is done to supply a useful method for analyzing the morphology of the boulders and to characterize the regions themselves. Methods. We used OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera images with a spatial scale smaller than 2 mpx(-1) and analyzed the size-frequency distribution and the cumulative fractional area per boulder population. In addition, we correlated shape parameters, such as circularity and solidity, with both the spatial and the size-frequency distribution of the three populations. Results. We identified 11 811 boulders in the Imhotep, Hapi, and Hatmehit regions. We found that the Hatmehit and Imhotep areas show power indices in the range of -2.3/-2.7. These values could represent a transition between gravitational events caused by thermal weathering and sublimation, and material formed during collapses that has undergone sublimation. The Hapi area is characterized by a lower power index (-1.2/-1.7), suggesting that those boulders have a different origin. They can be the result of material formed during gravitational events and collapses that has undergone continuous fragmentation. We calculated the cumulative fractional area (CFA) in order to investigate how the area is covered by boulders as a function of their sizes. The Hatmehit and Imhotep regions show a CFA that is well fit by a power law. In contrast, the Hapi area does not show the same trend. We analyzed the fractal distributions, finding that the populations seem to be fractal at all dimensions, except for the Hapi distribution, which shows a possible fractal behavior for small dimensions only. Finally, the average values of the shape parameters reveal solid and roundish boulders in all populations we studied.© ESO 2019
Published: 2019

108. Seasonal variations in source regions of the dust jets on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Science and Technology Development Fund (Macau), Lai, IL, Ip, W. H., Lee, J.C., Lin, Zhong-Yi, Vincent, J.B., Oklay, N., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C, Lamy, P., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Keller, H.U., Agarwal, J., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Boudreault, S., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Hofmann, M., Hviid, S.F., Jorda, L., Knollenberg, J., Kovacs, G., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Naletto, G., Shi, X., Tubiana, C., Thomas, N, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Science and Technology Development Fund (Macau), Lai, IL, Ip, W. H., Lee, J.C., Lin, Zhong-Yi, Vincent, J.B., Oklay, N., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C, Lamy, P., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Keller, H.U., Agarwal, J., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Boudreault, S., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Hofmann, M., Hviid, S.F., Jorda, L., Knollenberg, J., Kovacs, G., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Naletto, G., Shi, X., Tubiana, C., and Thomas, N
Abstract: We investigate the surface distribution of the source regions of dust jets on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as a function of time. Methods. The dust jet source regions were traced by the comprehensive imaging data set provided by the OSIRIS scientific camera. Results. We show in detail how the projected footpoints of the dust jets and hence the outgassing zone would move in consonance with the sunlit belt. Furthermore, a number of source regions characterized by repeated jet activity might be the result of local topographical variations or compositional heterogeneities. Conclusions. The spatial and temporal variations in source regions of the dust jets are influenced significantly by the seasonal effect. The strong dependence on the solar zenith angle and local time could be related to the gas sublimation process driven by solar insolation on a surface layer of low thermal inertia.© ESO 2019
Published: 2019

109. Pronounced morphological changes in a southern active zone on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Hasselmann, P.H., Barucci, M.A., Fornasier, S., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Deshapriya, J.D.P., Feller, C., Sunshine, J, Hoang, V, Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., DeHeel, J, Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, De Cecco, M., Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Shin, X, Tubiana, C., German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Hasselmann, P.H., Barucci, M.A., Fornasier, S., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Deshapriya, J.D.P., Feller, C., Sunshine, J, Hoang, V, Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., DeHeel, J, Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, De Cecco, M., Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Shin, X, and Tubiana, C.
Abstract: A smooth deposit in the southern Khonsu region has been seen in ESA/Rosetta observations as active during the second half of 2015, when the southern summer coincided with the perihelion passage of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). Image color sequences acquired by the OSIRIS instrument in the period of January 2015 to July 2016, pre- and post-perihelion, show the occurrence of several small transient events as well as three massive outbursts (-10 to 1500 tons). High spatial resolution images taken one year and a half apart allowed us to track a variety of sources: the formation of cavities that are 1.3-14 m deep, ice-enriched patches, scarp retraction, and a second 50 m-wide boulder. We then estimated their masses and the dust mass of their corresponding plumes and outbursts. In particular, the deformation left by that boulder and its lack of talus may provide evidence for the lifting and subsequent falling back to the surface of large blocks. We calculate that a minimum vapor production rate of 1.4 x 10(24) m(-2) s(-1) is required to lift such an object. The comparison of the masses that are lost in the new cavities to the dust mass of outbursts gives indirect evidence of highly volatile ice pockets underneath. The spectrophotometric analysis and boulder counting also provides evidence for cavities that formed only 30 m apart with different spectral slopes, two long-standing ice patches, and local variations in the boulder-size frequency distribution. All this points to sub-surface ice pockets with different degrees of depth. Finally, the total mass of the morphological changes compared to most recent calculations of the total released mass by activity on 67P is estimated to be between 1.5 and 4.2%. This means that as many as about 25 similar active zones across the nucleus would be enough to sustain the entire cometary activity.© P. H. Hasselmann et al. 2019
Published: 2019

110. Phase-curve analysis of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at small phase angles

Author: Masoumzadeh, N., Kolokolova, L., Tubiana, C., El-Maarry, M. R., Mottola, S., Güttler, C., Snodgrass, C, Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hasselmann, P.H., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Shi, X., Toth, I., Masoumzadeh, N., Kolokolova, L., Tubiana, C., El-Maarry, M. R., Mottola, S., Güttler, C., Snodgrass, C, Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hasselmann, P.H., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Shi, X., and Toth, I.
Abstract: The Rosetta-OSIRIS images acquired at small phase angles in three wavelengths during the fly-by of the spacecraft on 9-10 April 2016 provided a unique opportunity to study the opposition effect on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). Our goal is to study phase curves of the nucleus at small phase angles for a variety of surface structures to show the differences in their opposition effect and to determine which surface properties cause the differences.© N. Masoumzadeh et al. 2019
Published: 2019

111. Diurnal variation of dust and gas production in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at the inbound equinox as seen by OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M on board Rosetta

Author: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, German Research Foundation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Government of Sweden, European Space Agency, l'Observatoire de Paris, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Tubiana, C., Rinaldi, G., Güttler, C., Snodgrass, C, Shi, X., Hu, X., Marschall, R., Fulle, M., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Naletto, G., Capaccioni, F, Sierks, H., Arnold, G., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Capria, MT, Ciarniello, M, Cremonese, G., Crovisier, J, Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., De Sanctis, MC, Davidsson, B., Doose, L, Erard, S, Filacchione, G., Fink, U, Formisano, M, Fornasier, S., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Ip, W. H., Ivanovski, S., Kappel, D, Keller, H.U., Kolokolova, L., Koschny, D., Krueger, H, La Forgia, F., Lamy, P.L., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., Levasseur-Regourd, A. C., Lin, Zhong-Yi, Longobardo, A, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Migliorini, A, Mottola, S., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Taylor, F, Toth, I., Zakharov, V, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, German Research Foundation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Government of Sweden, European Space Agency, l'Observatoire de Paris, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Tubiana, C., Rinaldi, G., Güttler, C., Snodgrass, C, Shi, X., Hu, X., Marschall, R., Fulle, M., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Naletto, G., Capaccioni, F, Sierks, H., Arnold, G., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Capria, MT, Ciarniello, M, Cremonese, G., Crovisier, J, Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., De Sanctis, MC, Davidsson, B., Doose, L, Erard, S, Filacchione, G., Fink, U, Formisano, M, Fornasier, S., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Ip, W. H., Ivanovski, S., Kappel, D, Keller, H.U., Kolokolova, L., Koschny, D., Krueger, H, La Forgia, F., Lamy, P.L., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., Levasseur-Regourd, A. C., Lin, Zhong-Yi, Longobardo, A, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Migliorini, A, Mottola, S., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Taylor, F, Toth, I., and Zakharov, V
Abstract: On 27 April 2015, when comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was at 1.76 au from the Sun and moving toward perihelion, the OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft simultaneously observed the evolving dust and gas coma during a complete rotation of the comet.© C. Tubiana et al. 2019
Published: 2019

112. Linking surface morphology, composition, and activity on the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Government of Sweden, Fornasier, S., Hoang, VH, Hasselmann, P.H., Feller, C., Barucci, M.A., Deshapriya, J.D.P., Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Agarwal, J., Barbieri, C, Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Ferrari, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Küppers, M., La Forgia, F., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Mottola, S., Pajola, M., Shi, X., Toth, I., Tubiana, C., Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Government of Sweden, Fornasier, S., Hoang, VH, Hasselmann, P.H., Feller, C., Barucci, M.A., Deshapriya, J.D.P., Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Agarwal, J., Barbieri, C, Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Ferrari, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Küppers, M., La Forgia, F., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Mottola, S., Pajola, M., Shi, X., Toth, I., and Tubiana, C.
Abstract: The Rosetta space probe accompanied comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for more than two years, obtaining an unprecedented amount of unique data of the comet nucleus and inner coma. This has enabled us to study its activity almost continuously from 4 au inbound to 3.6 au outbound, including the perihelion passage at 1.24 au. This work focuses identifying the source regions of faint jets and outbursts and on studying the spectrophotometric properties of some outbursts. We use observations acquired with the OSIRIS/NAC camera during July-October 2015, that is, close to perihelion. Methods. We analyzed more than 2000 images from NAC color sequences acquired with 7-11 filters covering the 250-1000 nm wavelength range. The OSIRIS images were processed with the OSIRIS standard pipeline up to level 3, that is, converted in radiance factor, then corrected for the illumination conditions. For each color sequence, color cubes were produced by stacking registered and illumination-corrected images. Results. More than 200 jets of different intensities were identified directly on the nucleus. Some of the more intense outbursts appear spectrally bluer than the comet dark terrain in the visible-to-near-infrared region. We attribute this spectral behavior to icy grains mixed with the ejected dust. Some of the jets have an extremely short lifetime. They appear on the cometary surface during the color sequence observations, and vanish in less than some few minutes after reaching their peak. We also report a resolved dust plume observed in May 2016 at a resolution of 55 cm pixel(-1), which allowed us to estimate an optical depth of similar to 0.65 and an ejected mass of similar to 2200 kg, assuming a grain bulk density of similar to 800 kg m(-3). We present the results on the location, duration, and colors of active sources on the nucleus of 67P from the medium-resolution (i.e., 6-10 m pixel(-1)) images acquired close to perihelion passage. The observed jets are mainly located close to bou
Published: 2019

113. The Rocky-Like Behavior of Cometary Landslides on 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: Lucchetti, A., Penasa, L., Pajola, M., Massironi, M., Brunetti, M.T., Cremonese, G., Oklay, N., Vincent, J.B., Mottola, S., Fornasier, S., Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Barbieri, C., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cambianica, P., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Ferrari, S., Ferri, F., Franceschi, M., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, U., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Tubiana, C., Lucchetti, A., Penasa, L., Pajola, M., Massironi, M., Brunetti, M.T., Cremonese, G., Oklay, N., Vincent, J.B., Mottola, S., Fornasier, S., Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Barbieri, C., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cambianica, P., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Ferrari, S., Ferri, F., Franceschi, M., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, U., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., and Tubiana, C.
Abstract: Landslides have been identified on several solar system bodies, and different mechanisms have been proposed to explain their runout length. We analyze images from the Rosetta mission and report the global characterization of such features on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's surface. By assuming the height to runout length as an approximation for the friction coefficient of landslide material, we find that on comet 67P, this ratio falls between 0.50 and 0.97. Such unexpected high values reveal a rocky-type mechanical behavior that is much more akin to Earth dry landslides than to icy satellites' mass movements. This behavior indicates that 67P and likely comets in general are characterized by consolidated materials possibly rejecting the idea that they are fluffy aggregates. The variability of the runout length among 67P landslides can be attributed to the different volatile content located in the top few meters of the cometary crust, which can drive the mass movement.©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Published: 2019

114. Bilobate comet morphology and internal structure controlled by shear deformation

Author: Matonti, C., Attree, N., Groussin, O., Jorda, L., Viseur, S., Hviid, S.F., Bouley, S., Nébouy, D., Auger, A.T., Lamy, P.L., Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, La Forgia, F., Lazzarin, M., Lucchetti, A., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Massironi, M., Mottola, S., Oklay, N., Pajola, M., Penasa, L., Preusker, F., Rickman, H., Scholten, F., Shi, X., Toth, I., Tubiana, C., Vincent, J.B., Matonti, C., Attree, N., Groussin, O., Jorda, L., Viseur, S., Hviid, S.F., Bouley, S., Nébouy, D., Auger, A.T., Lamy, P.L., Sierks, H., Naletto, G., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Lara, Luisa María, La Forgia, F., Lazzarin, M., Lucchetti, A., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Massironi, M., Mottola, S., Oklay, N., Pajola, M., Penasa, L., Preusker, F., Rickman, H., Scholten, F., Shi, X., Toth, I., Tubiana, C., and Vincent, J.B.
Abstract: Bilobate comets—small icy bodies with two distinct lobes—are a common configuration among comets, but the factors shaping these bodies are largely unknown. Cometary nuclei, the solid centres of comets, erode by ice sublimation when they are sufficiently close to the Sun, but the importance of a comet’s internal structure on its erosion is unclear. Here we present three-dimensional analyses of images from the Rosetta mission to illuminate the process that shaped the Jupiter-family bilobate comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko over billions of years. We show that the comet’s surface and interior exhibit shear-fracture and fault networks, on spatial scales of tens to hundreds of metres. Fractures propagate up to 500 m below the surface through a mechanically homogeneous material. Through fracture network analysis and stress modelling, we show that shear deformation generates fracture networks that control mechanical surface erosion, particularly in the strongly marked neck trough of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, exposing its interior. We conclude that shear deformation shapes and structures the surface and interior of bilobate comets, particularly in the outer Solar System where water ice sublimation is negligible.© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Published: 2019

115. Multidisciplinary analysis of the Hapi region located on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Board, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Pajola, M., Lee, J.C., Oklay, N., Hviid, S.F., Penasa, L., Mottola, S., Shi, X., Fornasier, S., Davidsson, B., Giacomini, L., Lucchetti, A., Massironi, M., Vincent, J.B., Bertini, I., Naletto, G., Ip, W. H., Sierks, H., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Keller, H.U., Agarwal, J., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bodewits, D., Cambianica, P., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., El Maarry, M. R., Feller, C., Ferrari, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Lara, Luisa María, La Forgia, F., Lazzarin, M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Preusker, F., Scholten, F., Toth, I., Tubiana, C., European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Board, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Pajola, M., Lee, J.C., Oklay, N., Hviid, S.F., Penasa, L., Mottola, S., Shi, X., Fornasier, S., Davidsson, B., Giacomini, L., Lucchetti, A., Massironi, M., Vincent, J.B., Bertini, I., Naletto, G., Ip, W. H., Sierks, H., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Keller, H.U., Agarwal, J., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bodewits, D., Cambianica, P., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., El Maarry, M. R., Feller, C., Ferrari, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Lara, Luisa María, La Forgia, F., Lazzarin, M., Lin, Zhong-Yi, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Preusker, F., Scholten, F., Toth, I., and Tubiana, C.
Abstract: By using the Rosetta/OSIRIS-NAC data set taken in 2014 August, we focus on the neck region, called Hapi, located on 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko's Northern hemisphere. The gravitational potential and slopes of Hapi, coupled with the geological unit identification and the boulder size-frequency distributions, support the interpretation that both taluses and gravitational accumulation deposits observable on Hapi are the result of multiple cliff collapses that occurred at different times. By contrast, the fine-particle deposits observable in the central part of the study area are made of aggregates coming from the Southern hemisphere and deposited during each perihelion passage. Both the consolidated terrains on the western part of Hapi, as well as the centrally aligned ridge made of boulder-like features, suggest that Hapi is in structural continuity with the onion-like structure of the main lobe of 67P. Despite the dusty blanket observable on Hapi, its terrains are characterized by water-ice-rich components that, once repeatedly and rapidly illuminated, sublimate, hence resulting in the strong jet activity observed in 2014 August.© 2019 The Author(s).
Published: 2019

116. The optical configuration of the telescope for the ARIEL ESA mission

Author: Da Deppo, Vania, primary, Middleton, Kevin, primary, Focardi, Mauro, primary, Morgante, Gianluca, primary, Claudi, Riccardo, primary, Pace, Emanuele, primary, and Micela, Giuseppina, primary
Published: 2018
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117. The pre-launch distortion definition of SIMBIO-SYS/STC stereo camera by rational function models

Author: Simioni, Emanuele T., primary, Da Deppo, Vania, primary, Re, Cristina, primary, Slemer, Alessandra, primary, Cremonese, Gabriele, primary, Capria, Maria Teresa, primary, Veltroni, Iacopo Ficai, primary, Dami, Michele, primary, Borrelli, Donato, primary, and Tommasi, Leonardo, primary
Published: 2018
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118. A prototype for the primary mirror of the ESA ARIEL mission: design and development of an off-axis 1-m diameter aluminium mirror for infrared space applications

Author: Da Deppo, Vania, primary, Pace, Emanuele, primary, Morgante, Gianluca, primary, Focardi, Mauro, primary, Terraneo, Marco, primary, Zocchi, Fabio E., primary, Bianucci, Giovanni, primary, and Micela, Giuseppina, primary
Published: 2018
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119. Thermal architecture of the ESA ARIEL payload

Author: Morgante, Gianluca, primary, Terenzi, Luca, primary, D'Ascanio, Davide, primary, Eccleston, Paul, primary, Crook, Martin, primary, Hunt, Thomas, primary, Da Deppo, Vania, primary, Focardi, Mauro, primary, Micela, Giuseppina, primary, Malaguti, Giuseppe, primary, Pace, Emanuele, primary, and Tinetti, Giovanna, primary
Published: 2018
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120. A Mercury surface radiometric model for SIMBIO-SYS instrument suite on board of BepiColombo mission

Author: Slemer, Alessandra, primary, Da Deppo, Vania, primary, Re, Cristina, primary, Cremonese, Gabriele, primary, Palumbo, Pasquale, primary, Filacchione, Gianrico, primary, Capaccioni, Fabrizio, primary, Zusi, Michele, primary, Simioni, Emanuele T., primary, and Della Corte, Vincenzo, primary
Published: 2018
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121. Design of the instrument and telescope control units integrated subsystem of the ESA-ARIEL payload

Author: Focardi, Mauro, primary, Pace, Emanuele, primary, Farina, Maria, primary, Sierra-Roig, Carles, primary, Colomè Ferrer, Joseph, primary, Gesa Bote, Lluis, primary, Ribas, Ignasi, primary, Di Giorgio, Anna Maria, primary, Da Deppo, Vania, primary, Ottensamer, Roland, primary, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, primary, Noce, Vladimiro, primary, Pezzuto, Stefano, primary, Morgante, Gianluca, primary, Eccleston, Paul, primary, Micela, Giuseppina, primary, Terenzi, Luca, primary, Tommasi, Elisabetta, primary, Pascale, Enzo, primary, Amiaux, Jerome, primary, Cara, Christophe, primary, and Malaguti, Giuseppe, primary
Published: 2018
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122. Off-axis surface tolerance analysis: tips and tricks

Author: Da Deppo, Vania, primary
Published: 2018
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123. Performances of the SIMBIO-SYS Stereo Imaging Channel (STC) on Board BepiColombo/ESA Spacecraft

Author: Slemer, Alessandra, primary, Simioni, Emanuele, additional, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, Zusi, Michele, additional, Re, Cristina, additional, Lucchetti, Alice, additional, Dami, Michele, additional, Borrelli, Donato, additional, Veltroni, Iacopo Ficai, additional, CaPria, Maria Teresa, additional, and Cremonese, Gabriele, additional
Published: 2018
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124. Double Donut Schmidt Camera, a wide-field, large-aperture, and lightweight space telescope for the detection of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays

Author: Sandri, Paolo, primary, Mazzinghi, Piero, additional, and Da Deppo, Vania, additional
Published: 2018
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125. An integrated payload design for the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey (ARIEL): Results from phase A and forward look to phase B1.

Author: Middleton, Kevin F., Tinetti, Giovanna, Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe, Güdel, Manuel, Hartogh, Paul, Eccleston, Paul, Micela, Giuseppina, Min, Michiel, Rataj, Miroslaw, Ray, Tom, Ribas, Ignasi, Vandenbussche, Bart, Auguères, Jean-Louis, Bishop, Georgia, Da Deppo, Vania, Sanz, Isabel Escudero, Focardi, Mauro, Hunt, Thomas, Malaguti, Giuseppe, and Morgante, Gianluca
Published: 2019

126. Alignment procedure for the Gregorian telescope of the Metis coronagraph for the Solar Orbiter ESA mission.

Author: Da Deppo, Vania, Mottini, Sergio, Naletto, Giampiero, Frassetto, Fabio, Zuppella, Paola, Sertsu, Mewael G., Romoli, Marco, Fineschi, Silvano, Antonucci, Ester, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Nicolosi, Piergiorgio, Spadaro, Daniele, Andretta, Vincenzo, Castronuovo, Marco, Casti, Marta, Capobianco, Gerardo, Massone, Giuseppe, Susino, Roberto, Landini, Federico, and Pancrazzi, Maurizio
Published: 2019
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127. A lightweight Schmidt space telescope configuration for ultra-high energy cosmic ray detection.

Author: Da Deppo, Vania, Sandri, Paolo, Mazzinghi, Piero, and Marchi, Alessandro Zuccaro
Published: 2019
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128. SIMBIOSYS-STC ready for launch: a technical recap.

Author: Simioni, Emanuele, Da Deppo, Vania, Re, Cristina, Capria, Maria Teresa, Naletto, Giampiero, Forlani, Gianfranco, Tommasi, Leonardo, Dami, Michele, Borrelli, Donato, Veltroni, Iacopo Ficai, Massironi, Matteo, Slemer, Alessandra, Mugnuolo, Raffaele, Longo, Francesco, and Cremonese, Gabriele
Published: 2019
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129. Optical performance of the Metis coronagraph on the Solar Orbiter ESA mission.

Author: Frassetto, Fabio, Da Deppo, Vania, Zuppella, Paola, Romoli, Marco, Fineschi, Silvano, Antonucci, Ester, Nicolini, Giana, Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolosi, Piergiorgio, Spadaroh, Daniele, Andretta, Vincenzo, Castronuovo, Marco, Casti, Marta, Capobianco, Gerardo, Massone, Giuseppe, Susino, Roberto, Landini, Federico, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Teriaca, Luca, and Schuehle, Udo
Published: 2019
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130. Study and realization of a prototype of the primary off-axis 1-m diameter aluminium mirror for the ESA ARIEL mission.

Author: Da Deppo, Vania, Pace, Emanuele, Morgante, Gianluca, Focardi, Mauro, Terraneo, Marco, Zocchi, Fabio, Bianucci, Giovanni, and Micela, Giuseppina
Published: 2019
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131. Distortion calculation and removal for an off-axis and wide angle camera.

Author: Da Deppo, Vania, Slemer, Alessandra, Chioetto, Paolo, Zuppella, Paola, and Naletto, Giampiero
Published: 2019
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132. Out-of-focus point sources image simulation for the Metis solar coronagraph onboard the Solar Orbiter mission.

Author: Da Deppo, Vania, Casini, Chiara, Chioetto, Paolo, Frassetto, Fabio, Nordera, Simone, Zuppella, Paola, Corso, Alain, Landini, Federico, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Susino, Roberto, Sasso, Clementina, Uslenghi, Michela, Romoli, Marco, Andretta, Vincenzo, Fineschi, Silvano, Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Spadaro, Daniele, Stangalini, Marco, and Teriaca, Luca
Published: 2024
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133. Characterization of polarizing filters for the EnVisS camera: procedure and results.

Author: Nordera, Simone, Da Deppo, Vania, Zuppella, Paola, and Chioetto, Paolo
Published: 2024
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134. Report on a refractive static Fourier transform spectrometer flown on a stratospheric balloon for the HEMERA program.

Author: Cocola, Lorenzo, Frassetto, Fabio, Claudi, Riccardo, Da Deppo, Vania, Zuppella, Paola, and Poletto, Luca
Published: 2024
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135. Design of the EnVisS instrument optical head.

Author: Tofani, Beatrice, Gabrieli, Riccardo, Impiccichè, Giuseppe, Graziosi, Chiara, Tommasi, Leonardo, Labate, Demetrio, Belli, Fabio, Cicciarelli, Chiara, Pernechele, Claudio, Zuppella, Paola, Chioetto, Paolo, Nordera, Simone, Jones, Geraint, Brydon, George, Stankov, Anamarija, Della Corte, Vincenzo, and Da Deppo, Vania
Published: 2024
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136. In flight stray light estimate for the Solar Orbiter/Metis coronagraph.

Author: Landini, Federico, Romoli, Marco, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Frassetto, Fabio, Susino, Roberto, Abbo, Lucia, Andretta, Vincenzo, Burtovoi, Aleksandr, Casini, Chiara, Chioetto, Paolo, Corso, Alain J., Da Deppo, Vania, De Leo, Yara, Fabi, Michele, Fineschi, Silvano, Frassati, Federica, Grimani, Catia, Heinzel, Petr, Jerse, Giovanna, and Liberatore, Alessandro
Published: 2024
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137. Regional unit definition for the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on the SHAP7 model

Author: Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), Thomas, N., El Maarry, M. R., Theologou, P., Preusker, F., Scholten, F., Jorda, L., Hviid, S.F., Marschall, R., Kührt, E., Naletto, G., Sierks, H., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Knollenberg, J., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Tubiana, C., Vincent, J.B., Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), Thomas, N., El Maarry, M. R., Theologou, P., Preusker, F., Scholten, F., Jorda, L., Hviid, S.F., Marschall, R., Kührt, E., Naletto, G., Sierks, H., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Knollenberg, J., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Tubiana, C., and Vincent, J.B.
Abstract: The previously defined regions on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko have been mapped back onto the 3D SHAP7 model of the nucleus (Preusker et al., 2017). The resulting regional definition is therefore self-consistent with boundaries that are well defined in 3 dimensions. The facets belonging to each region are provided as supplementary material. The shape model has then been used to assess inhomogeneity of nucleus surface morphology within individual regions. Several regions show diverse morphology. We propose sub-division of these regions into clearly identifiable units (sub-regions) and a comprehensive table is provided. The surface areas of each sub-region have been computed and statistics based on grouping of unit types are provided. The roughness of each region is also provided in a quantitative manner using a technique derived from computer graphics applications. The quantitative method supports the sub-region definition by showing that differences between sub-regions can be numerically justified.© 2018 The Authors
Published: 2018

138. Meter-scale thermal contraction crack polygons on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Auger, A.T., Groussin, O., Jorda, L., El-Maarry, M. R., Bouley, S., Séjourné, A., Gaskell, R., Capanna, C., Davidsson, B., Marchi, S., Höfner, S., Lamy, P.L., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Keller, H.U., Agarwal, J., A'Hearn, M. F., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Hviid, S., Ip, W. H., Knollenberg, J., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Massironi, M., Michalik, H., Naletto, G., Oklay, N., Pommerol, A., Sabau, L., Thomas, N., Tubiana, C., Vincent, J.B., Wenzel, K. -P., German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Auger, A.T., Groussin, O., Jorda, L., El-Maarry, M. R., Bouley, S., Séjourné, A., Gaskell, R., Capanna, C., Davidsson, B., Marchi, S., Höfner, S., Lamy, P.L., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Keller, H.U., Agarwal, J., A'Hearn, M. F., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Hviid, S., Ip, W. H., Knollenberg, J., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Massironi, M., Michalik, H., Naletto, G., Oklay, N., Pommerol, A., Sabau, L., Thomas, N., Tubiana, C., Vincent, J.B., and Wenzel, K. -P.
Abstract: We report on the detection and characterization of more than 6300 polygons on the surface of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, using images acquired by the OSIRIS camera onboard Rosetta between August 2014 and March 2015. They are found in consolidated terrains and grouped in localized networks. They are present at all latitudes (from North to South) and longitudes (head, neck, and body), sometimes on pit walls or following lineaments. About 1.5% of the observed surface is covered by polygons. Polygons have an homogeneous size across the nucleus, with 90% of them in the size range 1 – 5 m and a mean size of 3.0 ± 1.4 m. They show different morphologies, depending on the width and depth of their trough. They are found in networks with 3- or 4-crack intersection nodes. The polygons observed on 67P are consistent with thermal contraction crack polygons formed by the diurnal or seasonal temperature variations in a hard (MPa) and consolidated sintered layer of water ice, located a few centimeters below the surface. Our thermal analysis shows an evolution of thermal contraction crack polygons according to the local thermal environment, with more evolved polygons (i.e. deeper and larger troughs) where the temperature and the diurnal and seasonal temperature range are the highest. Thermal contraction crack polygons are young surface morphologies that probably formed after the injection of 67P in the inner solar system, typically 100,000 years ago, and could be as young as a few orbital periods, following the decreasing of its perihelion distance in 1959 from 2.7 to 1.3 a.u. Meter scale thermal contraction crack polygons should be common features on the nucleus of Jupiter family comets.© 2017 Elsevier Inc.
Published: 2018

139. Coma morphology of comet 67P controlled by insolation over irregular nucleus

Author: German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Shi, X., Hu, X., Mottola, S., Sierks, H., Keller, H.U., Rose, M., Güttler, C., Fulle, M., Fornasier, S., Agarwal, J., Pajola, M., Tubiana, C., Bodewits, D., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Boudreault, S., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, S.F., Ip, W. H., Jorda, L., Knollenberg, J., Kovacs, G., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Naletto, G., Oklay, N., Toth, I., Vincent, J.B., German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Shi, X., Hu, X., Mottola, S., Sierks, H., Keller, H.U., Rose, M., Güttler, C., Fulle, M., Fornasier, S., Agarwal, J., Pajola, M., Tubiana, C., Bodewits, D., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Boudreault, S., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, S.F., Ip, W. H., Jorda, L., Knollenberg, J., Kovacs, G., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Naletto, G., Oklay, N., Toth, I., and Vincent, J.B.
Abstract: While the structural complexity of cometary comae is already recognizable from telescopic observations, the innermost region, within a few radii of the nucleus, was not resolved until spacecraft exploration became a reality. The dust coma displays jet-like features of enhanced brightness superposed on a diffuse background . Some features can be traced to specific areas on the nucleus, and result conceivably from locally enhanced outgassing and/or dust emission. However, diffuse or even uniform activity over topographic concavity can converge to produce jet-like features. Therefore, linking observed coma morphology to the distribution of activity on the nucleus is difficult. Here, we study the emergence of dust activity at sunrise on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko using high-resolution, stereo images from the OSIRIS camera onboard the Rosetta spacecraft, where the sources and formation of the jet-like features are resolved. We perform numerical simulations to show that the ambient dust coma is driven by pervasive but non-uniform water outgassing from the homogeneous surface layer. Physical collimations of gas and dust flows occur at local maxima of insolation and also via topographic focusing. Coma structures are projected to exhibit jet-like features that vary with the perspective of the observer. For an irregular comet such as 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, near-nucleus coma structures can be concealed in the shadow of the nucleus, which further complicates the picture.© 2018 The Author(s).
Published: 2018

140. Tensile strength of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko nucleus material from overhangs

Author: European Commission, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Attree, N., Groussin, O., Jorda, L., Nébouy, D., Thomas, N., Brouet, Y., Kührt, E., Preusker, F., Scholten, F., Knollenberg, J., Hartogh, P., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Keller, H.U., A'Hearn, M. F., Auger, A.T., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Boudreault, S., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., El-Maarry, M. R., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Hviid, S., Ip, W. H., Kovacs, G., Kramm, J.R., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Lowry, S., Marchi, S., Marzari, F., Mottola, S., Naletto, G., European Commission, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Attree, N., Groussin, O., Jorda, L., Nébouy, D., Thomas, N., Brouet, Y., Kührt, E., Preusker, F., Scholten, F., Knollenberg, J., Hartogh, P., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Keller, H.U., A'Hearn, M. F., Auger, A.T., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Boudreault, S., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., El-Maarry, M. R., Fornasier, S., Fulle, M., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Hviid, S., Ip, W. H., Kovacs, G., Kramm, J.R., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Lowry, S., Marchi, S., Marzari, F., Mottola, S., and Naletto, G.
Abstract: We directly measured twenty overhanging cliffs on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko extracted from the latest shape model and estimated the minimum tensile strengths needed to support them against collapse under the comet's gravity. We find extremely low strengths of around 1 Pa or less (1 to 5 Pa, when scaled to a metre length). The presence of eroded material at the base of most overhangs, as well as the observed collapse of two features and the implied previous collapse of another, suggests that they are prone to failure and that the true material strengths are close to these lower limits (although we only consider static stresses and not dynamic stress from, for example, cometary activity). Thus, a tensile strength of a few pascals is a good approximation for the tensile strength of the 67P nucleus material, which is in agreement with previous work. We find no particular trends in overhang properties either with size over the ~10-100 m range studied here or location on the nucleus. There are no obvious differences, in terms of strength, height or evidence of collapse, between the populations of overhangs on the two cometary lobes, suggesting that 67P is relatively homogenous in terms of tensile strength. Low material strengths are supportive of cometary formation as a primordial rubble pile or by collisional fragmentation of a small body (tens of km).
Published: 2018

141. The big lobe of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet: Morphological and spectrophotometric evidences of layering as from OSIRIS data

Author: German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Ferrari, S., Penasa, L., La Forgia, F., Massironi, M., Naletto, G., Lazzarin, M., Fornasier, S., Hasselmann, P.H., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., Ferri, F., Cambianica, P., Oklay, N., Tubiana, C., Sierks, H., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Franceschi, M., Frattin, E., Fulle, M., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Hviid, S.F., Ip, W. H., Jorda, L., Keller, H.U., Knollenberg, J., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Shi, X., Simioni, E., Thomas, N., Vincent, J.B., German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Agency, Ferrari, S., Penasa, L., La Forgia, F., Massironi, M., Naletto, G., Lazzarin, M., Fornasier, S., Hasselmann, P.H., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., Ferri, F., Cambianica, P., Oklay, N., Tubiana, C., Sierks, H., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Davidsson, B., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Franceschi, M., Frattin, E., Fulle, M., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Hviid, S.F., Ip, W. H., Jorda, L., Keller, H.U., Knollenberg, J., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Shi, X., Simioni, E., Thomas, N., and Vincent, J.B.
Abstract: Between 2014 and 2016, ESA's Rosetta OSIRIS cameras acquired multiple-filters images of the layered nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths. No correlation between layers disposition and surface spectral variegation has been observed so far. This paper investigates possible spectral differences among decametre-thickness outcropping layers of the biggest lobe of the comet by means of OSIRIS image dataset. A two-classes maximum likelihood classification was applied on consolidated outcrops and relative deposits identified on post-perihelion multispectral images of the big lobe. We distinguished multispectral data on the basis of the structural elevation of the onion-shell Ellipsoidal Model of 67P. The spatial distribution of the two classes displays a clear dependence on the structural elevation, with the innermost class resulting over 50 per cent brighter than the outermost one. Consolidated cometarymaterials located at different structural levels are characterized by different brightness and revealed due to the selective removal of large volumes. This variegation can be attributed to a different texture of the outcrop surface and/or to a different content of refractory materials.© 2018 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Published: 2018

142. The phase function and density of the dust observed at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Fulle, M., Bertini, I., Della Corte, V., Güttler, C., Ivanovski, S., La Forgia, F., Lasue, J., Levasseur-Regourd, A. C., Marzari, F., Moreno, Fernando, Mottola, S., Naletto, G., Palumbo, P., Rinaldi, G., Rotundi, A., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, H.S., Ip, W. H., Jorda, L., Keller, H.U., Knollenberg, J., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Shi, X., Thomas, N., Tubiana, C., Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Fulle, M., Bertini, I., Della Corte, V., Güttler, C., Ivanovski, S., La Forgia, F., Lasue, J., Levasseur-Regourd, A. C., Marzari, F., Moreno, Fernando, Mottola, S., Naletto, G., Palumbo, P., Rinaldi, G., Rotundi, A., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Bodewits, D., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, B., Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, H.S., Ip, W. H., Jorda, L., Keller, H.U., Knollenberg, J., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Shi, X., Thomas, N., and Tubiana, C.
Abstract: The OSIRIS camera onboard Rosetta measured the phase function of both the coma dust and the nucleus. The two functions have a very different slope versus the phase angle. Here, we show that the nucleus phase function should be adopted to convert the brightness to the size of dust particles larger than 2.5 mm only. This makes the dust bursts observed close to Rosetta by OSIRIS, occurring about every hour, consistent with the fragmentation on impact with Rosetta of parent particles, whose flux agrees with the dust flux observed by GIADA. OSIRIS also measured the antisunward acceleration of the fragments, thus providing the first direct measurement of the solar radiation force acting on the dust fragments and thus of their bulk density, excluding any measurable rocket effect by the ice sublimation from the dust. The obtained particle density distribution has a peak matching the bulk density of most COSIMA particles, and represents a subset of the density distribution measured by GIADA. This implies a bias in the elemental abundances measured by COSIMA, which thus are consistent with the 67P dust mass fractions inferred by GIADA, i.e. (38 ± 8) per cent of hydrocarbons versus the (62 ± 8) per cent of sulphides and silicates.© 2018 The Author(s).Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Published: 2018

143. On deviations from free-radial outflow in the inner coma of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Author: Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, Gerig, S. -B., Marschall, R., Thomas, N., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Davidsson, B., Fulle, M., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Küppers, M., Preusker, F., Scholten, F., Su, C. C., Toth, I., Tubiana, C., Wu, J. -S., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Agarwal, J., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Hviid, S.F., Jorda, L., Knollenberg, J., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Mottola, S., Naletto, G., Oklay, N., Vincent, J.B., Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, Gerig, S. -B., Marschall, R., Thomas, N., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Davidsson, B., Fulle, M., Ip, W. H., Keller, H.U., Küppers, M., Preusker, F., Scholten, F., Su, C. C., Toth, I., Tubiana, C., Wu, J. -S., Sierks, H., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Agarwal, J., Barucci, M.A., Bertaux, J.L., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Debei, S., De Cecco, M., Deller, J., Fornasier, S., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, C., Hviid, S.F., Jorda, L., Knollenberg, J., Kramm, J.R., Kührt, E., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Mottola, S., Naletto, G., Oklay, N., and Vincent, J.B.
Abstract: The Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System (OSIRIS) onboard the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft acquired images of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P) and its surrounding dust coma starting from May 2014 until September 2016. In this paper we present methods and results from analysis of OSIRIS images regarding the dust outflow in the innermost coma of 67P. The aim is to determine the global dust outflow behaviour and place constraints on physical processes affecting particles in the inner coma. We study the coma region right above the nucleus surface, spanning from the nucleus centre out to a distance of about 50 km comet centric distance (approximately 25 average comet radii). We primarily adopt an approach used by Thomas and Keller (1990) to study the dust outflow. We present the effects on azimuthally-averaged values of the dust reflectance of non-radial flow and non-point-source geometry, acceleration of dust particles, sublimation of icy dust particles after ejection from the surface, dust particle fragmentation, optical depth effects and the influence of gravitationally bound particles. All of these physical processes could modify the observed distribution of light scattered by the dust coma. In the image analysis, profiles of azimuthally averaged dust brightness as a function of impact parameter b (azimuthal average, “Ā-curve”) were fitted with a simple function that best fits the shape of our profile curves (f(b;u,v,w,z)=u/b+wb+z). The analytical fit parameters (u, v, w, z), which hold the key information about the dust outflow behaviour, were saved in a comprehensive database. Through statistical analysis of these information, we show that the spatial distribution of dust follows free-radial outflow behaviour (i.e. force-free radial outflow with constant velocity) beyond distances larger than ∼11.9 km from the comet centre, which corresponds to a relative distance of about 6 average comet radii from the comet centre. Hence
Published: 2018

144. Exposed bright features on the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Distribution and evolution

Author: German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Board, Deshapriya, J.D.P., Barucci, M.A., Fornasier, S., Hasselmann, P.H., Feller, C., Sierks, H., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., Oklay, N., Mottola, S., Masoumzadeh, N., Tubiana, C., Güttler, C., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Boudreault, S., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn J. R., Debei, S., Cecco, M.D., Deller, J., Fulle, M., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hoang, H. V., Hviid, S.F., Ip, W. H., Jorda, L., Keller, H.U., Knollenberg, J., Kramm, R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Naletto, G., Preusker, F., Shi, X., Thomas, N., Vincent, J.B., German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), European Space Agency, Swedish National Space Board, Deshapriya, J.D.P., Barucci, M.A., Fornasier, S., Hasselmann, P.H., Feller, C., Sierks, H., Lucchetti, A., Pajola, M., Oklay, N., Mottola, S., Masoumzadeh, N., Tubiana, C., Güttler, C., Barbieri, C., Lamy, P.L., Rodrigo Montero, Rafael, Koschny, D., Rickman, H., Bertaux, J.L., Bertini, I., Bodewits, D., Boudreault, S., Cremonese, G., Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn J. R., Debei, S., Cecco, M.D., Deller, J., Fulle, M., Groussin, O., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hoang, H. V., Hviid, S.F., Ip, W. H., Jorda, L., Keller, H.U., Knollenberg, J., Kramm, R., Kührt, E., Küppers, M., Lara, Luisa María, Lazzarin, M., López-Moreno, José Juan, Marzari, F., Naletto, G., Preusker, F., Shi, X., Thomas, N., and Vincent, J.B.
Abstract: Context. Since its arrival at the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in August 2014, the Rosetta spacecraft followed the comet as it went past the perihelion and beyond until September 2016. During this time there were many scientific instruments operating on board Rosetta to study the comet and its evolution in unprecedented detail. In this context, our study focusses on the distribution and evolution of exposed bright features that have been observed by OSIRIS, which is the scientific imaging instrument aboard Rosetta. Aims. We envisage investigating various morphologies of exposed bright features and the mechanisms that triggered their appearance. Methods. We co-registered multi-filter observations of OSIRIS images that are available in reflectance. The Lommel-Seeliger disk function was used to correct for the illumination conditions and the resulting colour cubes were used to perform spectrophotometric analyses on regions of interest. Results. We present a catalogue of 57 exposed bright features observed on the nucleus of the comet, all of which are attributed to the presence of HO ice on the comet. Furthermore, we categorise these patches under four different morphologies and present geometric albedos for each category. Conclusions. Although the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko appears to be dark in general, there are localised HO ice sources on the comet. Cometary activity escalates towards the perihelion passage and reveals such volatile ices. We propose that isolated HO ice patches found in smooth terrains in regions, such as Imhotep, Bes, and Hapi, result from frost as an aftermath of the cessation of the diurnal water cycle on the comet as it recedes from perihelion. Upon the comet's return to perihelion, such patches are revealed when sublimation-driven erosion removes the thin dust layers that got deposited earlier. More powerful activity sources such as cometary outbursts are capable of revealing much fresher, less contaminated HO ice that is preserved
Published: 2018

145. Test of protected silver coating on aluminum samples of ARIEL main telescope mirror substrate material

Author: Cugny, Bruno, Sodnik, Zoran, Karafolas, Nikos, Chioetto, Paolo, Zupella, Paola, Da Deppo, Vania, Nordera, Simone, Pace, Emanuele, Tozzi, Andrea, Morgante, Gianluca, Terenzi, Luca, Brienza, Daniele, Missaglia, Nadia, Bianucci, Giovanni, Spinelli, Sebastiano, Guerriero, Elisa, Rossi, Massimiliano, Grisoni, Gabriele, Bondet, Colin, Chauveau, Grégory, Porta, Caroline, Grezes-Besset, Catherine, Malaguti, Giuseppe, and Micela, Giuseppina
Published: 2021
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146. The fisheye of the comet interceptor's EnVisS camera

Author: Cugny, Bruno, Sodnik, Zoran, Karafolas, Nikos, Pernechele, Claudio, Da Deppo, Vania, Consolaro, Luca, Jones, Geraint H., Brydon, George, Zuppella, Paola, Chioetto, Paolo, Nordera, Simone, Lara, Luisa Maria, and Slavinskis, Andris
Published: 2021
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147. Challenges during Metis-Solar Orbiter commissioning phase

Author: Cugny, Bruno, Sodnik, Zoran, Karafolas, Nikos, Romoli, Marco, Andretta, Vincenzo, Bemporad, Alessandro, Casti, Marta, Da Deppo, Vania, De Leo, Yara, Fabi, Michele, Fineschi, Silvano, Frassetto, Fabio, Grimani, Catia, Heerlein, Klaus, Heinzel, Petr, Jerse, Giovanna, Landini, Federico, Liberatore, Alessandro, Magli, Enrico, Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Pelizzo, Maria Guglielmina, Romano, Paolo, Sasso, Clementina, Schühle, Udo, Slemer, Alessandra, Spadaro, Daniele, Straus, Thomas, Susino, Roberto, Teriaca, Luca, Uslenghi, Michela, Volpicelli, Cosimo Antonio, and Zupella, Paola
Published: 2021
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148. First analysis of the size-frequency distribution of boulders ≥ 7m on comet 67P

Author: Pajola, Maurizio, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Güttler, Carsten, Lee, Jui-Chi, Massironi, Matteo, Bertini, Ivano, Simioni, Emanuele, Marzari, Francesco, Giacomini, Lorenza, Barbieri, Cesare, Cremonese, Gabriele, Naletto, Giampiero, Pommerol, Antoine, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, Besse, Sébastien, Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Thomas, Nicholas, Auger, Anne-Thérèse, Ip, W.-H., Lin, Zhong-Yi, Sierks, Holger, A'Hearn, M. F., Barucci, Maria Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, de Cecco, M., Debei, Stefano, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Groussin, Olivier, Gutierrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Keller, Horst Uwe, Knollenberg, Jörg, Koschny, Detlef, Kramm, Rainer, Kürt, Ekkehard, Lamy, Philippe, Lara, Luisa M., López-Moreno, José J., Magrin, Sara, Michalik, Harald, Moissl, Richard, Mottola, Stefano, Oklay, Nilda, Preusker, Frank, Rickman, Hans, Rodrigo, Rafael, Scholten, Frank, Tubiana, Cecilia, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Department of Information Engineering [Padova] (DEI), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Operations Department (ESAC), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Department of Industrial Engineering [Padova], Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

149. The afocal telescope optical design and tolerance analysis for the ESA ARIEL mission

Author: Da Deppo, Vania, primary, Middleton, Kevin, primary, Focardi, Mauro, primary, Morgante, Gianluca, primary, Claudi, Riccardo, primary, Pace, Emanuele, primary, Grella, Samuele, primary, Ficai Veltroni, Iacopo, primary, and Micela, Giuseppina, primary
Published: 2017
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150. Preliminary optical design of the stereo channel of the imaging system simbiosys for the BepiColombo ESA mission

Author: Da Deppo, Vania, primary, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Cremonese, Gabriele, additional, Debei, Stefano, additional, and Flamini, Enrico, additional
Published: 2017
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