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The traditional metamaterial and frequency selective surfaces FSS basically is the mixed structure of the metal and dielectric. However, due to the inherent defects of metal materials, the dielectric metamaterial FSS is necessary. All dielectric metamaterial FSS can be designed, according to the constitutive parameters and dielectric resonator theory based on equivalent. This paper presents the design of dielectric materials FSS, and studies the principles and methods about using high dielectric constant to design dielectric FSS, and the design of the band-pass characteristics of dielectric metamaterial FSS has been proposed. In this paper, the design principle is much important practical significance and guiding significance for the all dielectric metamaterial FSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TM modes in a slab waveguide with a graphene-dielectric multilayer structure as the core and different ordinary materials as the cover and the substrate are investigated. The group velocity of TM modes can be positive, negative, and zero. The standstill of electromagnetic waves at different key waveguide thickness, which depend on the gate voltage, is successfully realized. The gate voltages or mode numbers have a greater influence on the zero and negative group velocities, but have a little influence on the positive group velocity. Besides, the power flow can be positive, zero and negative values at the key waveguide thickness. Similarly, the gate voltages or mode numbers have a little influence on the zero and negative power flows when the frequency is less than 7.0 THz, but they have a big influence on both positive and negative power flows when the frequency is larger than 7.0 THz. More interestingly, as the frequency increases from 9.0THz to 10.0THz, superpower flows of TM modes reach a dynamic balance both the core and the cladding. The tunable superpower flow properties will benefit us to construct a novel full optical switch and an ultra large optical power memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EM wave block design using double-layer chiral metamaterials in microwave regimes is proposed. One of the well-known chiral structures, C8, proven to have low loss narrow bandwidth, is employed in this design. The first layer is used to block one of the CP waves, while the other CP wave is filtered out by the same chiral structure with opposite handedness. Different distances between the two chiral layers are observed for the stopband location. These proposed designs are additional promising candidates in EM wave block applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) using an easy-fabricating metamaterial composed of three pieces of metallic arc-rings on top of a dielectric substrate. The transmission of the transparent peak of 1.32 THz reaches approximately 93%. The utilization of the coupled Lorentzian oscillator model and the distribution of electromagnetic fields together explain the cause of the transparent peak. The simulation results further demonstrate that the bandwidth of the transmission peak can be narrowed by changing the sizes of the arc-rings. Moreover, an on/off effect based on the transparent peak is discussed by introducing photosensitive silicon into the air gaps of the suggested metamaterial structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We experimentally demonstrate a mechanically tunable metamaterials terahertz (THz) dual-band bandstop filter. The unit cell of the filter contains an inner aluminum circle and an outside aluminum Ohm-ring on high resistance silicon substrate. The performance of the filter is simulated by finite-integration-time-domain (FITD) method. The sample is fabricated using a surface micromachining process and experimentally demonstrated using a THz time-domain-spectroscopy (TDS) system. The results show that, when the incident THz wave is polarized in y-axis, the filter has two intensive absorption peaks locating at 0.71 THz and 1.13 THz, respectively. The position of the high-frequency absorption peak and the amplitude of the low-frequency absorption peak can be simultaneously tuned by rotating the sample along its normal axis. The tunability of the high-frequency absorption peak is due to the shift of resonance frequency of two electrical dipoles, and that of the low-frequency absorption peak results from the effect of rotationally induced transparent. This tunable filter is very useful for switch, manipulation, and frequency selective detection of THz beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, design and analysis of U–T-shaped metamaterial antenna have been presented. It shows negative permittivity and permeability characteristics. The metamaterial array is embedded inside the substrate of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Upon incorporation, directivity increases by 24% and gain increases by 18%. Results were compared with equivalent circuit analysis of patch antenna and are well in coherence with FEM (finite-element method)-based Ansoft HFSS (high-frequency structure simulator) simulation with around 1% error. Using fractal metamaterial antenna of first and second order iterative mathematics, antenna is miniaturized by 58 and 75% along with improvement in bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) metamaterials able to achieve near-zero relative electric permittivity. Particular focus is given to the potential applications of ENZ metamaterials for the design of optical devices with properties such as nonreciprocity, time-reversal symmetry breaking, and improved coherence. Other topics include supercoupling of waveguide tunneling, electric displacement shielding properties of ENZ materials, and the relationship between refractive index and wave impedance in ENZ metamaterials.

Optical chiral metamaterials have recently attracted considerable attention because they offer new and exciting opportunities for fundamental research and practical applications. Through pragmatic designs, the chiroptical response of chiral metamaterials can be several orders of magnitude higher than that of natural chiral materials. Meanwhile, the local chiral fields can be enhanced by plasmonic resonances to drive a wide range of physical and chemical processes in both linear and nonlinear regimes. In this review, we will discuss the fundamental principles of chiral metamaterials, various optical chiral metamaterials realized by different nanofabrication approaches, and the applications and future prospects of this emerging field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A generalized nonlocal effective medium theory is derived based on the transfer-matrix method to determine the nonlocal effective permittivity and permeability for the symmetric and periodic metal–dielectric multilayer metamaterials, with respect to both transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarized light at arbitrary angle of incidence. The nonlocal effective permittivity and permeability tensors are analyzed in detail as functions of the wavelength, the angle of incidence, and the multilayer period. Our generalized nonlocal effective medium theory in consideration of both permittivity and permeability can accurately predict the dispersion relation, the transmission and reflection spectra, and the optical field distributions of symmetric metal–dielectric multilayer stacks with either subwavelength or wavelength-scale period of the unit cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tri-layered composite structure of gold/ZnS/gold, with the top gold layer patterned into a periodic array of circular holes, was fabricated by laser interference lithography and lift-off processes. This plasmonic composite absorbing structure showed a series of enhanced absorption peaks across the visible to NIR frequencies with an peak absorption exceeding 95% at 0.52 μm wavelength. These absorption peaks were reproduced in electromagnetic simulations of the structures. The peaks are shown to arise from the various resonances of the system: the localized surface plasmon resonances of the holes, the surface plasmon polaritons on the various interfaces and the shape dependent electromagnetic resonances of the holes. The measured angular dispersion of the absorption peaks indicated the SPP origin of the resonances while the computer simulations of the electromagnetic fields could be used to understand the nature of the localized resonances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present broadband near-zero-index metamaterials composed of dielectric resonators and metallic rods, whose permittivity ε and permeability μ are near-zero simultaneously. It is notable that the values of permittivity ε are equal to those of permeability μ over a broadband frequency range of 8.45 GHz to 10.5 GHz, indicating the impedances of the proposed near-zero-index metamaterials match vacuum in this broadband. The broadband near-zero-index metamaterials for manipulating radiation sources are analyzed. We also demonstrate numerically that such near-zero-index metamaterials can offer a unique grating condition in a phased array antenna, with the beam scanning angle range beyond the critical angle limit of the grating lobe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We systematically measure the dielectric function of atomically thin MoS2 films with different layer numbers and demonstrate that excitonic effects play a dominant role in the dielectric function when the films are less than 5-7 layers thick. The dielectric function shows an anomalous dependence on the layer number. It decreases with the layer number increasing when the films are less than 5-7 layers thick but turns to increase with the layer number for thicker films. We show that this is because the excitonic effect is very strong in the thin MoS2 films and its contribution to the dielectric function may dominate over the contribution of the band structure. We also extract the value of layer-dependent exciton binding energy and Bohr radius in the films by fitting the experimental results with an intuitive model. The dominance of excitonic effects is in stark contrast with what reported at conventional materials whose dielectric functions are usually dictated by band structures. The knowledge of the dielectric function may enable capabilities to engineer the light-matter interactions of atomically thin MoS2 films for the development of novel photonic devices, such as metamaterials, waveguides, light absorbers, and light emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new type of near-zero index (NZI) and epsilon near-zero (ENZ) metametarial with broad bandwidth characteristics. We propose an optimal geometry to manipulate the properties of the composite material and realize a metallic-dielectric NZI effective material operating at microwave frequencies with a broadband near-zero response. The effective material is composed by multiple layers of dissimilar metasurfaces of subwavelength dimensions. We demonstrate the broadband NZI metamaterial properties and study its anisotropy by realizing a radiating structure exhibiting broadband directive emission. An experimental demonstration validates the concept for an antenna in the microwave domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-band absorber composed of high-permittivity hexagonal ring dielectric resonators and a metallic ground plate is designed in the microwave band. Near-unity absorptions around 9.785 GHz, 11.525 GHz, and 12.37 GHz are observed for this metamaterial absorber. The dielectric hexagonal ring resonator is made of microwave ceramics with high permittivity and low loss. The mechanism for the near-unity absorption is investigated via the dielectric resonator theory. It is found that the absorption results from electric and magnetic resonances where enhanced electromagnetic fields are excited inside the dielectric resonator. In addition, the resonance modes of the hexagonal resonator are similar to those of standard rectangle resonators and can be used for analyzing hexagonal absorbers. Our work provides a new research method as well as a solid foundation for designing and analyzing dielectric metamaterial absorbers with complex shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a purely flexible lightweight membrane-type acoustic structure, wherein one kind of flexible lightweight rubber material takes the roles of mass and stiffness and another type of lightweight flexible EVA (ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer) or plastic material functions as the localized stiffness for each unit. Because both the scatterers and base are constituted by the same material, this type of structure breaks the limitation that the metamaterials and phononic crystals need different materials with relatively large density and elasticity modulus ratios to play the roles of the scatterers and base respectively. Based on the band structures with different units, mass block shapes and size parameters, it is suggested that the shapes of the mass block can significantly affect the band structure. In addition, this type of structure could not only open a full band gap in the low-frequency range below 500 Hz, but also obtain an ultra-low-frequency bending wave band gap in the range below 100 Hz. Finally, we take into account the semi-infinite medium as a component, and calculate the sound transmission loss (STL) to evaluate the interaction between the structure and air. An experimental validation employing the cylindrical mass structure was developed to directly support the simulation results. Since the structures proposed in this study have achieved a purely flexible lightweight design, there exists an important promotion effect to realize the engineering applications of the acoustic metamaterials in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate optically reconfigurable dielectric metamaterials at gigahertz frequencies. More precisely, we study the microwave response of a subwavelength grating optically imprinted into a semiconductor slab. In the homogenized regime, we analytically evaluate the ordinary and extraordinary component of the effective permittivity tensor by taking into account the photo-carrier dynamics described by the ambipolar diffusion equation. We analyze the impact of semiconductor parameters on the gigahertz metamaterial response which turns out to be highly reconfigurable by varying the photogenerated grating and which can show a marked anisotropic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linearly polarized microwave radiation is shown to have its plane of polarization converted to the orthogonal state upon reflection from an ultrathin (λ/25) cavity array. The structure benefits from an uncomplicated design consisting of a metallic grating closely separated from a ground plane by a dielectric spacer. A single set of periodically spaced slits (monograting) exhibits polarization conversion when the normally incident electric field is aligned at 45° to the slits. Two orthogonal sets of slits (bigrating) allows this narrow-band effect to be broadened when the two orthogonal resonances are separated in frequency. We optimise the design and experimentally demonstrate near loss-less polarization conversion (95% of the incident intensity) across a 3.1 GHz frequency band. Finally, we study the dependence of the structure's performance on incident angle and slit width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terahertz (THz) metasurfaces have been explored recently due to their properties such as low material loss and ease of fabrication compared to three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials. Although the dispersion properties of the reflection/transmission-type THz metasurface were observed in some published literature, the method to control them at will has been scarcely reported to the best of our knowledge. In this context, flexible dispersion control of the THz metasurface will lead to great opportunities toward unprecedented THz devices. As an example, a THz metasurface with controllable dispersion characteristics has been successfully demonstrated in this article, and the incident waves at different frequencies from a source in front of the metasurface can be projected into different desired anomalous angular positions. Furthermore, this work provides a potential approach to other kinds of novel THz devices that need controllable metasurface dispersion properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose an analytical expression for the effective permittivity of an artificial medium formed by arrays of parallel metallic nanowires embedded in a dielectric host. This permittivity is derived by finding the eigenvalues of the structure’s transfer matrix which is obtained using an analytical circuit model. The presented effective permittivity, characterized by explicit expressions in terms of the geometrical parameters of the structure and the frequency, covers both perfectly conducting and plasmonic wires. The results of the introduced model are in excellent agreement with the full-wave simulations. The obtained effective permittivity also predicts that the structure under study can be considered as an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial at some frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flexible metamaterial with a tri-layer metal-dielectric-metal structure is fabricated by combining Excimer laser micromachining of a polyimide sheet and oblique angle physical vapour deposition methods. Excimer laser micromachining is used to generate an array of micro-disks on the flexible polymer sheet followed by physical vapour deposition at normal incidence to produce continuous metal and dielectric layers while oblique angle deposition of metal vapour is used to finally form discrete oblate ellipsoids on top of the micro-disks. The fabricated metamaterial shows multi-band metamaterial absorption exceeding 90% simultaneously over infrared bands centred at 3 µm, 5 µm, and 13.85 µm. The multi-band absorption arises due to multipole resonances of the disk structure and is accurately modelled by electromagnetic simulation as well. A theoretical model of a perfect absorber as an array of optimally impedance matched antennas is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials with anisotropic material parameters can be utilized to fabricate many fascinating devices, such as hyperlenses, metasolids, and one-way waveguides. In this study, we analyze the effects of geometric anisotropy on a two-dimensional metamaterial composed of a rectangular array of elliptic cylinders and derive an effective medium theory for such a metamaterial. We find that it is possible to obtain a closed-form analytical solution for the anisotropic effective medium parameters, provided the aspect ratio of the lattice and the eccentricity of the elliptic cylinder satisfy certain conditions. The derived effective medium theory not only recovers the well-known Maxwell-Garnett results in the quasi-static regime, but is also valid beyond the long-wavelength limit, where the wavelength in the host medium is comparable to the size of the lattice so that previous anisotropic effective medium theories fail. Such an advance greatly broadens the applicable realm of the effective medium theory and introduces many possibilities in the design of structures with desired anisotropic material characteristics. A real sample of a recently theoretically proposed anisotropic medium, with a near-zero index to control the flux, is achieved using the derived effective medium theory, and control of the electromagnetic waves in the sample is clearly demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate numerically the electromagnetically induced transparency-like behavior in all-dielectric planar photonic metamaterials. The proposed metamaterial consists of a periodical array of silicon metamolecules. Each metamolecule comprises a radiative resonator and a subradiant resonator that couple to each other through near field interactions. Resonances with extremely high quality factors of up to several thousands are predicted, and a group refractive index of more than 200 can be realized at the transparency window. This provides an effective platform for slow light, enhanced nonlinearity and sensing applications and presents opportunities for developing new types of active lasing and optomechanical metamaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of loss-compensated broadband epsilon-near-zero metamaterials consisting of step-like metal-dielectric multilayer structures doped with gain media is proposed based on the combination of the Milton representation of the effective permittivity and the optical nonlocality due to the metal-dielectric multilayer structures. With the loss compensation by gain media, broadband epsilon-near-zero metamaterials possesses significantly low material loss in optical frequency range, leading to superior broadband electromagnetic properties for realizing unique functional optical devices, such as the demonstrated prisms for broadband directional emission and S-shaped lenses for phase front shaping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We numerically and experimentally demonstrate engineered electromagnetic responses from a single-peak Fano resonance to a fast roll-off behavior by using planar metamaterials, which are constructed by bilayered asymmetrically split rings (ASRs) with twist angles of 0° and 180°. Since each single-layer ASR metamaterial reveals a Fano-type resonance, the dramatic transmission properties are resulted from the hybridization of electromagnetic resonances due to the near-field coupling between two Fano resonances and the far-field retardation effect of the bilayered metamaterials. The surface currents and charges distributions provide an insight into deep understanding of in-phase and out-of-phase coupling of two Fano resonances. The measured and simulated results of bilayered metamaterials agree well to each other. Especially, the proposed metamaterials can be exploited to design metamaterial-based devices in the THz and optical ranges like filters and sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Loss compensation in metal-dielectric layered metamaterials," Roman S. Savelev and colleagues that was published online on March 27, 2013 is presented.

We report a strong magnetic activity using an all-dielectric metamaterial based on Mie resonances, designed to work at millimeter wavelengths over the 30-70 GHz band. A good agreement was achieved between numerical simulations and experiment in the case of one meta-layer based on TiO2-disks, manufactured using a simple bottom-up approach. We also demonstrate through numerical simulations a negative refractive index within the same investigated metamaterial made of high dielectric permittivity single-size pellets. Choosing the suitable aspect-ratio of the metamaterial building blocks, a broadband magnetic response and a left-handed behavior are simultaneously obtained. This is a promising step towards innovative and complex electromagnetic functions, involving cheap and easy made metamaterials for millimeter wave applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metamaterials (MMs) have shown huge potential in sensing applications by detecting their optical properties, which can be designed to operate at frequencies from visible to mid-IR. Here we constructed complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) based metamaterials in nanoscale with unit length of 100 nm and slit width of 30 nm, and observed obvious responses in the visible waveband from 600 to 900 nm. These visible responses show a good tunability with the structure’s geometry, and are well suited for dielectric detection. We demonstrated good refractive index sensing of CSRR based metamaterials in the visible region under both 0° and 90° polarized incidence. Our results extend the study of CSRR based metamaterials to the visible region, which is expected to deepen the understanding of the response mechanism of CSRRs and benefit their sensing applications in the visible region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the mesoscopic scale, electromagnetic forces are of fundamental importance to an enormously diverse range of systems, from optical tweezers to the adhesion of gecko toes. Here we show that a strong light-driven force may be generated when a plasmonic metamaterial is illuminated in close proximity to a dielectric or metal surface. This near-field force can exceed radiation pressure and Casimir forces to provide an optically controlled adhesion mechanism mimicking the gecko toe: At illumination intensities of just a few tens of nW/μm² it is sufficient to overcome the Earth's gravitational pull. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]