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The Archaeological Institute of America's (1999) code of professional standards requires that archaeologists “work actively to preserve the [archaeological] record in all its dimensions and for the long term” and “give due consideration to the interests of others” in their work. At the AIA's 2006 annual meeting in Montreal, participants in a session entitled “When Past and Present Collide: The Ethics of Archaeological Stewardship” explored the implications of these obligations for the conduct of archaeology and suggested ways for archaeologists to engage with stakeholder collaboration, site preservation, and political aspects of archaeology. Presentations by Lynn Meskell, Michael Galaty, Roger Atwood, Daniel Shoup, Ian Hodder, and Lyra Monteiro included case studies from South Africa, Peru, Albania, and Turkey. They examined when archaeologists should take sides in political conflicts over archaeology, how economic and social issues that are unrelated to archaeology can be decisive in site preservation ef...

Density dependence could maintain diversity in forests, but studies continue to disagree on its role. Part of the disagreement results from the fact that different studies have evaluated different responses (survival, recruitment, or growth) of different stages (seeds, seedlings, or adults) to different inputs (density of seedlings, density or distance to adults). Most studies are conducted on a single site and thus are difficult to generalize. Using USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis data, we analyzed over a million seedling-to-sapling recruitment observations of 50 species from the eastern United States, controlling for the effects of climate. We focused on the per-seedling recruitment rate, because it is most likely to promote diversity and to be identified in observational or experimental data. To understand the prevalence of density dependence, we quantified the number of species with significant positive or negative effects. To understand the strength of density dependence, we determined the magnitude of effects among con- and heterospecifics, and how it changes with overall species abundance. We found that density dependence is pervasive among the 50 species, as the majority of them have significant effects and mostly negative. Density-dependence effects are stronger from conspecific than heterospecfic adult neighbors, consistent with the predictions of the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Contrary to recent reports, density-dependence effects are more negative for common than rare species, suggesting disproportionately stronger population regulation in common species. We conclude that density dependence is pervasive, and it is strongest from conspecific neighbors of common species. Our analysis provides direct evidence that density dependence reaulates opulation dynamics of tree species in eastern U.S. forests.

Gene set analysis of differential expression, which identifies collectively differentially expressed gene sets, has become an important tool for biology. The power of this approach lies in its reduction of the dimensionality of the statistical problem and its incorporation of biological interpretation by construction. Many approaches to gene set analysis have been proposed, but benchmarking their performance in the setting of real biological data is difficult due to the lack of a gold standard. In a previously published work we proposed a geometrical approach to differential expression which performed highly in benchmarking tests and compared well to the most popular methods of differential gene expression. As reported, this approach has a natural extension to gene set analysis which we call Principal Angle Enrichment Analysis (PAEA). PAEA employs dimensionality reduction and a multivariate approach for gene set enrichment analysis. However, the performance of this method has not been assessed nor its implementation as a web-based tool. Here we describe new benchmarking protocols for gene set analysis methods and find that PAEA performs highly. The PAEA method is implemented as a user-friendly web-based tool, which contains 70 gene set libraries and is freely available to the community.

Objective To present results of virological surveillance and epidemiological aspects of dengue in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Methods A total of 1581 cases, reported from 2010 to 2012 at various health centres in the state, were analysed by viral isolation and/or RT-PCR for viral detection and typing. To identify whether different genotypes were circulating in the state during this period, sequencing of the complete E gene for DENV (1485 bp in length) was performed directly from patient serum samples. Results All four serotypes of dengue virus circulated in Rio Grande do Norte, with the introduction of DENV-4 in the state in 2011. In 2012, DENV-4 represented 100% of positive confirmed cases. 53.97% of cases occurred in Natal. Case numbers peaked in April (21%) and May (23%). Genetic characterisation of circulating strains confirmed the circulation of genotypes V, south-east Asian/American and II, respectively, for DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-4. Conclusions This work furthers a better understanding of dengue viruses in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Strengthening control efforts in the region is important considering the impact of dengue.

Purpose: Studies on odontogenic tumors have identified various molecular dysfunctions involved on their development, and some mechanisms such as angiogenesis and matrix modulation, are useful means of investigating the differences in biologic behavior of these tumors. Some important markers to identify tumor aggressiveness by immunohistochemistry are VEGF, TGF-β and MMP-9 proteins. This study aimed to compare the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, TGF-β, and MMP-9 in ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT).Methods: Immunoexpression of VEGF, TGF-β, and MMP-9 was studied in 15 solid ameloblastomas, and 15 AOTs. A semi-quantitative analysis of the immunostained cells was performed, and the statistical analysis was made using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric and Spearman correlation test, with significance level at .05 (P.05).Conclusion: The results suggest the involvement of angiogenesis in tumor progression of ameloblastomas, and the inductive effect of stromal cells in AOT, hence justifying its lower growth potential. Objetivo: Estudos sobre tumores odontogênicos têm identificado várias disfunções moleculares envolvidas no seu desenvolvimento, e alguns mecanismos como a angiogênese e modulação da matriz são objetos úteis para investigar as diferenças no comportamento biológico destes tumores. Alguns marcadores importantes para identificar a agressividade do tumor por imunoistoquímica são as proteínas VEGF, TGF-β e MMP-9. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a expressão imunoistoquímica de VEGF, TGF-β e MMP 9 entre ameloblastoma e tumor odontogênico adenomatoide (TOA).Métodos: Imunoexpressão de VEGF, TGF-β e MMP-9 foi estudada em 15 ameloblastomas sólidos e 15 TOA. Uma análise semiquantitativa das células imunomarcadas foi realizada e a análise estatística foi feita usando o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e o teste de correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de 0,05 (P0.05).Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem o envolvimento da angiogênese na progressão tumoral de ameloblastomas e o efeito indutor de células estromais em TOA, portanto, justificando o seu potencial de crescimento mais baixo.

Aims Hospital admissions are frequently preceded by increased pulmonary congestion in heart failure (HF) patients. This study evaluated whether early automated fluid status alert notification via telemedicine improves outcome in HF patients. Methods and results Patients recently implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy were eligible if one of three conditions was met: prior HF hospitalization, recent diuretic treatment, or recent brain natriuretic peptide increase. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to have fluid status alerts automatically transmitted as inaudible text message alerts to the responsible physician or to receive standard care (no alerts). In the intervention arm, following a telemedicine alert, a protocol-specified algorithm with remote review of device data and telephone contact was prescribed to assess symptoms and initiate treatment. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death and cardiovascular hospitalization. We followed 1002 patients for an average of 1.9 years. The primary endpoint occurred in 227 patients (45.0%) in the intervention arm and 239 patients (48.1%) in the control arm [hazard ratio, HR, 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72–1.04; P = 0.13]. There were 59 (11.7%) deaths in the intervention arm and 63 (12.7%) in the control arm (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.62–1.28; P = 0.52). Twenty-four per cent of alerts were not transmitted and 30% were followed by a medical intervention. Conclusion Among ICD patients with advanced HF, fluid status telemedicine alerts did not significantly improve outcomes. Adherence to treatment protocols by physicians and patients might be challenge for further developments in the telemedicine field.

The Internet provides access to content in almost all languages through a combination of crawling, indexing, and ranking capabilities. The ability to locate content on almost any topic has become expected for most users. But it is not the case for those whose primary language is a sign language. Members of this community communicate via the Internet, but they pass around links to videos via email and social media. In this paper, we describe the need for, the architecture of, and initial software components of a distributed digital library of sign language content, called SLaDL. Our initial efforts have been to develop a model of collection development that enables community involvement without assuming it. This goal necessitated the development of video processing techniques that automatically detect sign language content in video.

Background Physical activity data are collected automatically by implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators ( ICD s). Though these data potentially provide a quantifiable and easily accessible measure of functional status, its relationship with survival has not been well studied. Methods and Results Patients enrolled in the Boston Scientific LATITUDE remote monitoring system from 2008 to 2012 with ICD s were eligible. Remote monitoring data were used to calculate mean daily activity at baseline (30 to 60 days after implantation), and longitudinally. Cox regression was used to examine the association between survival and increments of 30 minutes/day in both (1) mean baseline activity and (2) time‐varying activity, with both adjusted for demographic and device characteristics. A total of 98 437 patients were followed for a median of 2.2 years (mean age of 67.7±13.1 years; 71.7% male). Mean baseline daily activity was 107.5±66.2 minutes/day. The proportion of patients surviving after 4 years was significantly higher among those in the most versus least active quintile of mean baseline activity (90.5% vs. 50.0%; log‐rank P value, AHR ], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [ CI ], 1.427 to 1.462). Time‐varying activity was similarly associated with a higher risk of death ( AHR , 1.48; 95% CI , 1.451 to 1.508), indicating that a patient having 30 minutes per day less activity in a given month has a 48% increased hazard for death when compared to a similar patient in the same month. Conclusions Patient activity measured by ICD s strongly correlates with survival following ICD implantation.

Iniciou-se em 1986, em Anápolis, um programa de desenvolvimento de cultivares de batata adaptadas ao clima de altitude do Brasil Central, partindo-se de 15.000 genótipos, resultantes de 200 famílias obtidas pela Embrapa Hortaliças em 1985 e 1986. No primeiro ciclo, em 1986, foram selecionados 5.000 genótipos, considerando-se aspectos fenológicos, incidência de doenças, qualidade dos tubérculos e potencial de produção. Esses mesmos critérios foram adotados nas gerações posteriores, selecionando-se, anualmente, 15-20% de genótipos superiores. Em 1990 avaliaram-se 52 destes clones, tendo como testemunhas as cultivares Achat e Bintje; Destes foram selecionados 28 clones promissores que foram submetidos à cultura de ápices caulinares e à indexação para os vírus PLRV, PVY e PVX na Embrapa Hortaliças. No período de 1995 a 1997 foram avaliados em Goiás, nos municípios de Anápolis, Morrinhos, Pirenópolis e Urutaí, e em Jaboticabal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e aqueles referentes a 14 genótipos em 7 ambientes, à regressão pelo método de Eberhart & Russell. Os clones BAT 2, BAT 3, BAT 4, BAT 19, BAT 27 e BAT 28 destacaram-se entre os mais produtivos, considerando-se, também, as características de tubérculos para o consumo. Os genótipos responderam proporcionalmente à melhoria do ambiente. O clone BAT 19 foi o mais estável.A potato selection program was done in Anapolis, State of Goias, Brazil, beginning in 1986 with 15,000 genotypes, resulting from 200 crosses obtained by Embrapa Hortaliças in 1985 and 1986. In the first selection cycle, in 1986, 5,000 genotypes were selected, considering plant growth and development, disease incidence, tuber quality and yield potential. These criteria were also adopted in further generations, when 15 to 20% of the best genotypes were yearly selected. In 1990 52 of the selected genotypes were evaluated in comparison with the cultivars Achat and Bintje. The best 28 clones were then named BAT, cleaned by meristem tip culture and evaluated from 1995 to 1997 at Anápolis, Morrinhos, Pirenópolis, Urutaí and Jaboticabal. All data were submitted to the analysis of variance. In addition, data from fourteen genotypes in seven environments were analyzed by the linear regression technique of Ebehart & Russell. Clones BAT 2, BAT 3, BAT 4, BAT 19, BAT 27 and BAT 28 ranked best among the highest yielding ones, in addition to good tuber quality. Genotypes had similar behavior regarding adaptability, responding in a proportional way to environment improvement. BAT 19 was the most stable clone.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:55:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-05362002000300008.pdf: 158215 bytes, checksum: db3cce5577055657ece091d8c84228b1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:55:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-05362002000300008.pdf: 158215 bytes, checksum: db3cce5577055657ece091d8c84228b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:47:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-05362002000300008.pdf: 158215 bytes, checksum: db3cce5577055657ece091d8c84228b1 (MD5) S0102-05362002000300008.pdf.txt: 18460 bytes, checksum: 37840d0b8839c8b25a90754fc4404725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:12:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-05362002000300008.pdf: 158215 bytes, checksum: db3cce5577055657ece091d8c84228b1 (MD5) S0102-05362002000300008.pdf.txt: 18460 bytes, checksum: 37840d0b8839c8b25a90754fc4404725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:12:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-05362002000300008.pdf: 158215 bytes, checksum: db3cce5577055657ece091d8c84228b1 (MD5) S0102-05362002000300008.pdf.txt: 18460 bytes, checksum: 37840d0b8839c8b25a90754fc4404725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-09-01 Iniciou-se em 1986, em Anápolis, um programa de desenvolvimento de cultivares de batata adaptadas ao clima de altitude do Brasil Central, partindo-se de 15.000 genótipos, resultantes de 200 famílias obtidas pela Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Hortaliças em 1985 e 1986. No primeiro ciclo, em 1986, foram selecionados 5.000 genótipos, considerando-se aspectos fenológicos, incidência de doenças, qualidade dos tubérculos e potencial de produção. Esses mesmos critérios foram adotados nas gerações posteriores, selecionando-se, anualmente, 15-20% de genótipos superiores. em 1990 avaliaram-se 52 destes clones, tendo como testemunhas as cultivares Achat e Bintje; Destes foram selecionados 28 clones promissores que foram submetidos à cultura de ápices caulinares e à indexação para os vírus PLRV, PVY e PVX na Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Hortaliças. No período de 1995 a 1997 foram avaliados em Goiás, nos municípios de Anápolis, Morrinhos, Pirenópolis e Urutaí, e em Jaboticabal. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e aqueles referentes a 14 genótipos em 7 ambientes, à regressão pelo método de Eberhart & Russell. Os clones BAT 2, BAT 3, BAT 4, BAT 19, BAT 27 e BAT 28 destacaram-se entre os mais produtivos, considerando-se, também, as características de tubérculos para o consumo. Os genótipos responderam proporcionalmente à melhoria do ambiente. O clone BAT 19 foi o mais estável. A potato selection program was done in Anapolis, State of Goias, Brazil, beginning in 1986 with 15,000 genotypes, resulting from 200 crosses obtained by Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Hortaliças in 1985 and 1986. In the first selection cycle, in 1986, 5,000 genotypes were selected, considering plant growth and development, disease incidence, tuber quality and yield potential. These criteria were also adopted in further generations, when 15 to 20% of the best genotypes were yearly selected. In 1990 52 of the selected genotypes were evaluated in comparison with the cultivars Achat and Bintje. The best 28 clones were then named BAT, cleaned by meristem tip culture and evaluated from 1995 to 1997 at Anápolis, Morrinhos, Pirenópolis, Urutaí and Jaboticabal. All data were submitted to the analysis of variance. In addition, data from fourteen genotypes in seven environments were analyzed by the linear regression technique of Ebehart & Russell. Clones BAT 2, BAT 3, BAT 4, BAT 19, BAT 27 and BAT 28 ranked best among the highest yielding ones, in addition to good tuber quality. Genotypes had similar behavior regarding adaptability, responding in a proportional way to environment improvement. BAT 19 was the most stable clone. AGENCIARURAL EE de Anápolis UEG Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Hortaliças Escola Agrotécnica Federal UNESP UNESP

The National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is conducting an epidemiologic study (GuLF STUDY) to investigate the health of the workers and volunteers who participated from April to December of 2010 in the response and cleanup of the oil release after the Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico. The exposure assessment component of the study involves analyzing thousands of personal monitoring measurements that were collected during this effort. A substantial portion of these data has values reported by the analytic laboratories to be below the limits of detection (LOD). A simulation study was conducted to evaluate three established methods for analyzing data with censored observations to estimate the arithmetic mean (AM), geometric mean (GM), geometric standard deviation (GSD), and the 95th percentile (X0.95) of the exposure distribution: the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, the β-substitution, and the Kaplan–Meier (K-M) methods. Each method was challenged with computer-generated exposure datasets drawn from lognormal and mixed lognormal distributions with sample sizes (N) varying from 5 to 100, GSDs ranging from 2 to 5, and censoring levels ranging from 10 to 90%, with single and multiple LODs. Using relative bias and relative root mean squared error (rMSE) as the evaluation metrics, the β-substitution method generally performed as well or better than the ML and K-M methods in most simulated lognormal and mixed lognormal distribution conditions. The ML method was suitable for large sample sizes (N ≥ 30) up to 80% censoring for lognormal distributions with small variability (GSD = 2–3). The K-M method generally provided accurate estimates of the AM when the censoring was

Locating sign language (SL) videos on video sharing sites (e.g., YouTube) is challenging because search engines generally do not use the visual content of videos for indexing. Instead, indexing is done solely based on textual content (e.g., title, description, metadata). As a result, untagged SL videos do not appear in the search results. In this paper, we present and evaluate a classification approach to detect SL videos based on their visual content. The approach uses an ensemble of Haar-based face detectors to define regions of interest (ROI), and a background model to segment movements in the ROI. The two-dimensional (2D) distribution of foreground pixels in the ROI is then reduced to two 1D polar motion profiles by means of a polar-coordinate transformation, and then classified by means of an SVM. When evaluated on a dataset of user-contributed YouTube videos, the approach achieves 81% precision and 94% recall.

Em 1994, 64 linhagens de feijão-vagem oriundas do programa de melhoramento genético do CIAT, Cali, Colômbia, foram avaliadas na Estação Experimental de Anápolis (EEA), da Agência Goiana de Desenvolvimento Rural e Fundiário (AGENCIARURAL), quanto às seguintes características: adaptação, resistência a doenças, potencial de produção e qualidade de vagens. As 30 linhagens que se destacaram foram avaliadas, em 1995, no mesmo local. Dentre estas foram selecionadas 20 linhagens, novamente avaliadas em 1996 nos municípios de Anápolis, Morrinhos e Urutaí no Estado de Goiás. Nestes ensaios foram utilizadas como testemunhas as cultivares Favorito Ag 480 e Preferido Ag 482. Avaliações adicionais foram conduzidas em 1997 em Anápolis, tendo-se a cultivar Favorito Ag 480 como testemunha. As linhagens Hav 13, Hav 14, Hav 22, Hav 25, Hav 27, Hav 38, Hav 40, Hav 49, Hav 53, Hav 56, Hav 64, Hav 65 e Hav 67 destacaram-se em rendimento e qualidade de vagens. Sixty four snap bean lines derived from the CIAT snap bean breeding program were evaluated in 1994 at Anápolis Experiment Station in Goiás, Brazil, for the following characteristics: adaptation, disease resistance, yield potential and pod quality. The 30 outstanding lines were further evaluated during 1995 in Anápolis and, in 1996, 20 of them were evaluated in Anapális, Morrinhos and Urutai in the State of Goiás, Central Brazil. Final evaluation was carried out in 1997 in Anápolis. The standard cultivar Favorito Ag 480, was used as a check in 1996 and in 1997. Also Preferido Ag 482 cultivar was included as a second check in 1996. Breeding lines Hav 13, Hav 14, Hav 22, Hav 25, Hav 27, Hav 38, Hav 40, Hav 49, Hav 53, Hav 56, Hav 64, Hav 65 and the Hav 67 were chosen, regarding their yield and pod quality, suitable for local market, with possibility to be adopted by growers.

Em 1994, 64 linhagens de feijão-vagem oriundas do programa de melhoramento genético do CIAT, Cali, Colômbia, foram avaliadas na Estação Experimental de Anápolis (EEA), da Agência Goiana de Desenvolvimento Rural e Fundiário (AGENCIARURAL), quanto às seguintes características: adaptação, resistência a doenças, potencial de produção e qualidade de vagens. As 30 linhagens que se destacaram foram avaliadas, em 1995, no mesmo local. Dentre estas foram selecionadas 20 linhagens, novamente avaliadas em 1996 nos municípios de Anápolis, Morrinhos e Urutaí no Estado de Goiás. Nestes ensaios foram utilizadas como testemunhas as cultivares Favorito Ag 480 e Preferido Ag 482. Avaliações adicionais foram conduzidas em 1997 em Anápolis, tendo-se a cultivar Favorito Ag 480 como testemunha. As linhagens Hav 13, Hav 14, Hav 22, Hav 25, Hav 27, Hav 38, Hav 40, Hav 49, Hav 53, Hav 56, Hav 64, Hav 65 e Hav 67 destacaram-se em rendimento e qualidade de vagens.Sixty four snap bean lines derived from the CIAT snap bean breeding program were evaluated in 1994 at Anápolis Experiment Station in Goiás, Brazil, for the following characteristics: adaptation, disease resistance, yield potential and pod quality. The 30 outstanding lines were further evaluated during 1995 in Anápolis and, in 1996, 20 of them were evaluated in Anapális, Morrinhos and Urutai in the State of Goiás, Central Brazil. Final evaluation was carried out in 1997 in Anápolis. The standard cultivar Favorito Ag 480, was used as a check in 1996 and in 1997. Also Preferido Ag 482 cultivar was included as a second check in 1996. Breeding lines Hav 13, Hav 14, Hav 22, Hav 25, Hav 27, Hav 38, Hav 40, Hav 49, Hav 53, Hav 56, Hav 64, Hav 65 and the Hav 67 were chosen, regarding their yield and pod quality, suitable for local market, with possibility to be adopted by growers.

A modification of the TCu380A IUD to create the model TCu380S was introduced many years ago. The TCu380S utilizes copper sleeves that are flush in the plastic and are set at both ends of the horizontal arm. The objective of this study is to compare the clinical performance of the TCu380A and the TCu380S IUDs, especially regarding contraceptive performance and expulsion, in a cohort of women who had one of these two devices inserted at random. This paper presents the results up to 5 years of use. A total of 1568 women were enrolled: 806 women received a TCu380A and 762 women received a TCu380S IUD. The performance was evaluated by life-table analysis and significance between rates was tested by the method of log-rank. The cumulative pregnancy rate was low in users of both models of IUD but lower in users of the TCu380S model through the 5 years of use, without statistical significance. Expulsion was significantly higher in users of the TCu380S model during the five years of use. The other reasons for discontinuation were similar for both devices and did not show statistical significance. The continuation rate was significantly lower in users of the TCu380S model in the first and second years of use. Both devices presented a very low pregnancy rate and TCu380S presented a lower pregnancy rate than the TCu380A, although without statistical significance.

We report the syn-selective Michael addition of a series of substituted primary and secondary nitromethane derivatives 4a−g to chiral enoates (Z)-2a and (E)-2a in the presence of TBAF·3H2O or DBU. Regardless of the base employed, adducts syn-5a−g were obtained in good de (80−100%) from the reactions of 4a−g with (Z)-2a. However, in the addition to (E)-2a, the syn-diastereoselectivities depended on the structure of the nucleophile (80−90% de for nitromethane (4a), 80% de for phenylnitromethane (4g), 50 and 34% de for the primary nitromethane derivatives 4b and 4d, and 0 and 6% de for the secondary nitromethane derivatives 4c and 4f). A mixture of epimers (2:1/1:1) was obtained at the chiral center bearing the nitro group in 5b and 5d−g. The syn/anti ratio C-3,C-4 is kinetically controlled, while the epimeric ratio at the CNO2 chiral center (C-1‘) seems to be thermodynamically controlled. Adducts 5a,b,c,g were transformed into the respective cis-β,γ-disubstituted γ-butyrolactones 6a, 7, 9a, and 9c. A mechan...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-30T18:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352013000400022.pdf: 578964 bytes, checksum: 1904d0eeb65b3d01cb0619d5a77cc205 (MD5) O Schistosomus reflexus (SR) é uma anomalia congênita fatal e rara, primariamente observada em ruminantes, a qual apresenta feto com dorsoflexão da coluna vertebral, exposição das vísceras abdominais e torácicas e escoliose. Foi realizada uma cesariana de ovelha da raça Dorper, em propriedade da região de Botucatu-SP. Pelas características gerais e achados de necropsia, tratava-se de um caso de SR. A radiografia revelou acentuado desvio ventrodorsal do segmento da coluna vertebral toracolombar e deformidades das costelas. Na tomografia computadorizada, observou-se presença da integridade dos ossos e órgãos, exceto ausência de uma vértebra lombar. Não havia dados na literatura de diagnóstico por imagem de SR em ovinos, portanto procedeu-se, de forma inédita, a exames radiográfico e tomográfico do feto. Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a rare and fatal congenital anomaly, primarily observed in ruminants, presenting fetus with dorsiflexion of the vertebral column, exposure of thoracic and visceral organs, and scoliosis. A caesarian was performed on a Dorper sheep on a farm in Botucatu-SP and according to the general characteristics and findings observed in the necropsy of the fetus it was an SR case. The radiography indicated a marked ventro-dorsal deviation of the thoracolumbar column segment and deformity of the ribs. On the computed tomography the integrity of the bones and organs were detected, except for the absence of a lumbar vertebra. No data were available in the literature for SR diagnosis in sheep by image, so radiographic and tomographic exams of the fetus were done. Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

The Gaia mission will create an extraordinarily precise three-dimensional map of more than one billion stars in our Galaxy. The Gaia spacecraft2, built by EADS Astrium, is part of ESA's Cosmic Vision programme and scheduled for launch in 2013. Gaia measures the position, distance and motion of stars with an accuracy of 24 micro-arcsec using two telescopes at a fixed mutual angle of 106.5°, named the ‘Basic Angle’, at an operational temperature of 100 K. This accuracy requires ultra-high stability at cryogenic conditions, which can only be achieved by using Silicon Carbide for both the optical bench and the telescopes. TNO has developed, built and space qualified the Silicon carbide Basic Angle Monitoring (BAM) on-board metrology system3 for this mission, measuring the relative motion of Gaia’s telescopes with accuracies in the range of 0.5 micro-arcsec. This is achieved by a system of two laser interferometers able to detect Optical Path Differences (OPD) as small as 1.5 picometer rms. Following a general introduction on Gaia and the use of Silicon Carbide as base material this paper addresses the specific challenges towards the cryogenic application of the Gaia BAM including design, integration and verification/qualification by testing.

Genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics efforts rapidly generate a plethora of data on the activity and levels of biomolecules within mammalian cells. At the same time, curation projects that organize knowledge from the biomedical literature into online databases are expanding. Hence, there is a wealth of information about genes, proteins and their associations, with an urgent need for data integration to achieve better knowledge extraction and data reuse. For this purpose, we developed the Harmonizome: a collection of processed datasets gathered to serve and mine knowledge about genes and proteins from over 70 major online resources. We extracted, abstracted and organized data into ∼72 million functional associations between genes/proteins and their attributes. Such attributes could be physical relationships with other biomolecules, expression in cell lines and tissues, genetic associations with knockout mouse or human phenotypes, or changes in expression after drug treatment. We stored these associations in a relational database along with rich metadata for the genes/proteins, their attributes and the original resources. The freely available Harmonizome web portal provides a graphical user interface, a web service and a mobile app for querying, browsing and downloading all of the collected data. To demonstrate the utility of the Harmonizome, we computed and visualized gene–gene and attribute–attribute similarity networks, and through unsupervised clustering, identified many unexpected relationships by combining pairs of datasets such as the association between kinase perturbations and disease signatures. We also applied supervised machine learning methods to predict novel substrates for kinases, endogenous ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, mouse phenotypes for knockout genes, and classified unannotated transmembrane proteins for likelihood of being ion channels. The Harmonizome is a comprehensive resource of knowledge about genes and proteins, and as such, it enables researchers to discover novel relationships between biological entities, as well as form novel data-driven hypotheses for experimental validation. Database URL: http://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/Harmonizome.

In sequentially observed data, Bayesian partition models aim at par- titioning the entire observation period into disjoint clusters. Each cluster is an aggregation of sequential observations and a simple model is adopted within each cluster. The main inferential problem is the estimation of the number and loca- tions of the clusters. We extend the well-known product partition model (PPM) by assuming that observations within the same cluster have their distributions in- dexed by correlated and difierent parameters. Such parameters are similar within a cluster by means of a Gibbs prior distribution. We carried out several simula- tions and real data set analyses showing that our model provides better estimates for all parameters, including the number and position of the temporal clusters, even for situations favoring the PPM. A free and open source code is available.

A primary issue in industrial hygiene is the estimation of a worker's exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents. Mathematical modeling is increasingly being used as a method for assessing occupational exposures. However, predicting exposure in real settings is constrained by lack of quantitative knowledge of exposure determinants. Recently, Zhang, Banerjee, Yang, Lungu, and Ramachandran (2009) proposed Bayesian hierarchical models for estimating parameters and exposure concentrations for the two-zone differential equation models and for predicting concentrations in a zone near and far away from the source of contamination. Bayesian estimation, however, can often require substantial amounts of user-defined code and tuning. In this paper, we introduce a statistical software package, B2Z , built upon the R statistical computing platform that implements a Bayesian model for estimating model parameters and exposure concentrations in two-zone models. We discuss the algorithms behind our package and illustrate its use with simulated and real data examples.

We present a simple, efficient, and computationally cheap sampling method for exploring an un-normalized multivariate density on ℝ(d), such as a posterior density, called the Polya tree sampler. The algorithm constructs an independent proposal based on an approximation of the target density. The approximation is built from a set of (initial) support points - data that act as parameters for the approximation - and the predictive density of a finite multivariate Polya tree. In an initial "warming-up" phase, the support points are iteratively relocated to regions of higher support under the target distribution to minimize the distance between the target distribution and the Polya tree predictive distribution. In the "sampling" phase, samples from the final approximating mixture of finite Polya trees are used as candidates which are accepted with a standard Metropolis-Hastings acceptance probability. Several illustrations are presented, including comparisons of the proposed approach to Metropolis-within-Gibbs and delayed rejection adaptive Metropolis algorithm.

This is the first brief communication of clinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus occurring in a white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) captured in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in northeast Brazil. The bacterium was cultured from a milk sample by using sheep blood and Levine agars. Phenotyping of S. aureus was performed with coagulase biochemical tests, DNase agar, mannitol agar, and anaerobic glucose and mannitol fermentation.

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic neoplasm with local invasiveness and recurrence. We have previously suggested that growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) influence ameloblastoma invasiveness. The aim was to study expression of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and growth factors in ameloblastoma.Thirteen cases of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma were examined. As a control, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (CCOT), a non-invasive odontogenic neoplasm with ameloblastomatous epithelium was also studied. Immunohistochemistry detected MMPs, TIMPs and growth factors in ameloblastoma and CCOT. The labelling index (LI) of MMP-9 and TIMP-2 was significantly higher in ameloblastoma compared with CCOT. The LI of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was also increased in ameloblastoma. This neoplasm showed greater expression of MMPs, TIMPs and growth factors compared with CCOT. We then analysed these molecules in ameloblastoma cells and stroma. Ameloblastoma cells exhibited increased LI of MMP-1, -2 and EGFR. We found a positive correlation between EGF and TIMP-1, and between TGF-alpha and TIMP-2. It is known that signals generated by growth factors are transduced by the ERK pathway. Ameloblastoma stroma exhibited the phosphorylated (activated) form of ERK.These results suggest an interplay involving growth factors MMPs and TIMPs that may contribute to ameloblastoma behaviour. Signals generated by this molecular network would be transduced by ERK 1/2 pathway.

This paper addresses a new transgenetic approach to the biobjective spanning tree, an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem which can model different real applications on network design. The metaheuristic is inspired on endosymbiosis and horizontal gene transfer, two main evolutionary forces. The proposed algorithm is applied to 78 instances with different structures. The results concerning the quality of the approximation sets obtained with the proposed approach are compared to others previously published in the literature with basis on a Pareto compliant quality indicator. Comparisons regarding processing times are also reported. Statistical tests show that the proposed approach is comparable with the algorithms presented in the literature, outperforming them in solution quality for most instances.

The large extent of the underground dissolution of limestones in the Irece Basin resulted in danger of collapse of coves in the urban and peri-urban area of the city of Lapao in the beginning of october /2008. After a preliminary in the situ observation, gravity and electro-resistivity surveys were carried out in order to map the concealed curves and help to determine the level of groundwater within them the results provided useful information both for the immediate safety of the population and for subsequent hydrological and geotechnical work.

The effect of kefir grains on the proteolysis of major milk proteins in milk kefir and in a culture of kefir grains in pasteurized cheese whey was followed by reverse phase-HPLC analysis. The reduction of kappa-, alpha-, and beta-caseins (CN), alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA), and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) contents during 48 and 90 h of incubation of pasteurized milk (100mL) and respective cheese whey with kefir grains (6 and 12 g) at 20 degrees C was monitored. Significant proteolysis of alpha-LA and kappa-, alpha-, and beta-caseins was observed. The effect of kefir amount (6 and 12 g/100mL) was significant for alpha-LA and alpha- and beta-CN. alpha-Lactalbumin and beta-CN were more easily hydrolyzed than alpha-CN. No significant reduction was observed with respect to beta-LG concentration for 6 and 12 g of kefir in 100mL of milk over 48 h, indicating that no significant proteolysis was carried out. Similar results were observed when the experiment was conducted over 90 h. Regarding the cheese whey kefir samples, similar behavior was observed for the proteolysis of alpha-LA and beta-LG: alpha-LA was hydrolyzed between 60 and 90% after 12h (for 6 and 12 g of kefir) and no significant beta-LG proteolysis occurred. The proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in kefir community was evaluated. Kefir milk prepared under normal conditions contained peptides from proteolysis of alpha-LA and kappa-, alpha-, and beta-caseins. Hydrolysis is dependent on the kefir:milk ratio and incubation time. beta-Lactoglobulin is not hydrolyzed even when higher hydrolysis time is used. Kefir grains are not appropriate as adjunct cultures to increase beta-LG digestibility in whey-based or whey-containing foods.

This paper addresses the application of a plasmid based transgenetic algorithm to the biobjective spanning tree problem, an NP-hard problem with several applications in network design. The proposed evolutionary algorithm is inspired on two major evolutionary forces: the horizontal gene transfer and the endosymbiosis. The computational experiments compare the proposed approach to another transgenetic algorithm and to a GRASP algorithm proposed recently for the investigated problem. The comparison of the algorithms is done with basis on the binary additive ***-indicator. The results show that the proposed algorithm consistently produces better solutions than the other methods.

In this paper we analyze the fraction of non-disjunction in Meiosis I assuming reference (non-informative) priors. We consider Jeffreys's approach to built a non-informative prior (Jeffreys's prior) for the fraction of non-disjunction in Meiosis I. We prove that Jeffreys's prior is a proper distribution. We perform Monte Carlo studies in order to compare Bayes estimates obtained assuming Jeffreys's and uniform priors. We consider full Bayesian significance test (FBST) and Bayes factor (BF) for testing precise hypothesis on the fraction of non-disjunction in Meiosis I. The ultimate goal of this paper is to compare these two test procedures through simulation studies using both prior specifications. An application to Down Syndrome data is also presented.

The authors address the problem of estimating the distance and velocity, between a mobile robot and an obstacle. The goal is to determine the kinematic parameters of the relative motion to build an effective avoidance motion. The information issued from a camera coupled with a laser stripe is used to estimate the kinematic parameters with an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The relative motion between the vehicle and the obstacles is not supposed to be known, so the state evolution equations are unknown. The evolution model for the EKF is presented as a movement with constant acceleration. This model is a local approximation of a real movement by a quadric. As this model will often be a rough approximation of the reality, the filter will certainly diverge for almost all movements. Simulated results are given, the problem of the filter divergence is discussed, and a solution is proposed. The real implementation on a transputer network is described. >

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the kinematic parameters of a relative motion between a mobile robot and an unknown obstacle. The authors use the information issued from a camera coupled with a laser stripe. In the first part, an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) is proposed to perform this estimation, the performances of this method are displayed for a complex motion example realized in simulation. In the second part, two parallel implementation methods of this filter are investigated, the first is data oriented and the second one is based on the properties of the filter. In the third part, the authors describe the hardware implementation which has been realized on transputer boards and give the calibration results and performances of this system. Finally, a real application on a laboratory mobile robot is given. >

A modification of the TCu380A IUD to create the model TCu380S was introduced many years ago. The TCu380S utilizes copper sleeves that are flush in the plastic and are set at both ends of the horizontal arm. The objective of this study is to compare the clinical performance of the TCu380A and the TCu380S IUDs, especially regarding contraceptive performance and expulsion, in a cohort of women who had one of these two devices inserted at random. This paper presents the results up to 5 years of use. A total of 1568 women were enrolled: 806 women received a TCu380A and 762 women received a TCu380S IUD. The performance was evaluated by life-table analysis and significance between rates was tested by the method of log-rank. The cumulative pregnancy rate was low in users of both models of IUD but lower in users of the TCu380S model through the 5 years of use, without statistical significance. Expulsion was significantly higher in users of the TCu380S model during the five years of use. The other reasons for discontinuation were similar for both devices and did not show statistical significance. The continuation rate was significantly lower in users of the TCu380S model in the first and second years of use. Both devices presented a very low pregnancy rate and TCu380S presented a lower pregnancy rate than the TCu380A, although without statistical significance.

To examine the nutritional status of newly hospitalized patients with Stage III or Stage IV pressure ulcers.Descriptive survey.405 newly admitted hospitalized non-ICU patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. Patients included in the study had Stage III or Stage IV pressure ulcers on their trunk, had weight indices available, and had prealbumin levels measured. One hundred and twenty patients were included in the analysis.Measurements of weight, prealbumin and albumin levels, nutritional intake, type of diet, gender, age, type of pressure ulcer, and type of residence prior to admission.Analysis of the data revealed that a majority of the patients were elderly, had a Stage III sacral ulcer, were below their usual body weight, had a low prealbumin level, and were not taking in enough nutrition to meet their needs.The results of this study suggest that a majority of newly hospitalized patients with severe pressure ulcers are malnourished and aggressive nutritional therapy may be warranted.