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101. Does it matter how we measure metatarsal length?

Author

D. Chauhan, J.L. Barrie, and M.A. Bhutta

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Orthodontics, Metatarsalgia, medicine.medical_specialty, Anthropometry, business.industry, Radiography, First metatarsal, Reproducibility of Results, Joint instability, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Forefoot pain, Humans, Medicine, Female, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Metatarsal bones, business, Metatarsal Bones, Aged
Abstract

Introduction Variations in the relative lengths of the metatarsal bones have been implicated as a cause of forefoot pain. Osteotomies to balance the metatarsal lengths have been described as therapy. Although measurement of metatarsal length is required for these osteotomies, there is no gold standard method to measure it radiologically. We compared the three main radiological methods to measure the second metatarsal length described in the literature. Materials and Methods Standing dorsoplantar radiographs of 81 feet were measured using the methods described by Coughlin, Maestro and Hardy and Clapham. Bland and Altman's method was used to compare the above techniques for reproducibility and agreement between each method. Results The three methods produced markedly different results. Coughlin's and Maestro's methods showed a relative protrusion of the second metatarsal—relatively longer than the first metatarsal by an average of 4 & 3 mm respectively. Hardy and Clapham's method, however, showed a relative retraction of second metatarsal by an average of 1 mm. Both intra-observer and inter-observer errors were smallest for the Coughlin method (the most reproducible) and largest for the Hardy/Clapham method. Significant lack of agreement was found when we compared the 3 techniques with bias for measuring the mean between methods ranging from 1mm to 5.5mm. Conclusions Metatarsal lengths as measured by these three methods can be very variable. Thus their role in planning metatarsal osteotomies and establishing relationship of metatarsal protrusion with metatarsophalangeal joint instability and other similar conditions is questionable and require further studies.

Published
2011

102. Resource Allocation for Multi Access MIMO Systems

Author

Shailendra Mishra and D Chauhan

Subjects
3G MIMO, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Wireless network, business.industry, Network packet, Quality of service, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, MIMO, Multi-user MIMO, Scheduling (computing), Spatial multiplexing, business, Computer network
Abstract

In this paper, the authors discuss the emergence of new technologies related to the topic of the high-speed packet data access in wireless networks. The authors propose an algorithm for MIMO systems that optimizes the number of the transmit antennas according to the user’s QoS. Scheduling performance under two types of traffic modes is also discussed: one is voice or web-browsing and the other is for data transfer and streaming data.

Published
2011

103. Marizomib, a Proteasome Inhibitor for All Seasons: Preclinical Profile and a Framework for Clinical Trials

Author

Irene M. Ghobrial, KC Anderson, Saskia T. C. Neuteboom, E. Valashi, G. K. Lloyd, William H. McBride, Paul G. Richardson, Barbara C. M. Potts, Joya Chandra, Huib Ovaa, Michael A. Palladino, Callum M. Sloss, Michael Groll, William Fenical, Aldo M. Roccaro, Frank Pajonk, Anas Younes, Y. Oki, James C. Cusack, Paul R. Jensen, Celia R. Berkers, Claudia P. Miller, M. X. Albitar, Stavroula Baritaki, Kin S. Lam, David J. McConkey, Ben Bonavida, D Chauhan, and Matthew A. Spear

Subjects
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Cancer Research, Combination therapy, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Antineoplastic Agents, Pharmacology, Article, Lactones, chemistry.chemical_compound, Therapeutic index, Neoplasms, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Drug Discovery, medicine, Animals, Humans, Protease Inhibitors, Pyrroles, Multiple myeloma, Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, business.industry, medicine.disease, Oncology, chemistry, Cancer research, Proteasome inhibitor, Mantle cell lymphoma, business, Proteasome Inhibitors, Salinosporamide A, medicine.drug
Abstract

The proteasome has emerged as an important clinically relevant target for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Since the Food and Drug Administration approved the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade®) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) and mantle cell lymphoma, it has become clear that new inhibitors are needed that have a better therapeutic ratio, can overcome inherent and acquired bortezomib resistance and exhibit broader anti-cancer activities. Marizomib (NPI-0052; salinosporamide A) is a structurally and pharmacologically unique β-lactone-γ-lactam proteasome inhibitor that may fulfill these unmet needs. The potent and sustained inhibition of all three proteolytic activities of the proteasome by marizomib has inspired extensive preclinical evaluation in a variety of hematologic and solid tumor models, where it is efficacious as a single agent and in combination with biologics, che-motherapeutics and targeted therapeutic agents. Specifically, marizomib has been evaluated in models for multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, chronic and acute lymphocytic leukemia, as well as glioma, colorectal and pancreatic cancer models, and has exhibited synergistic activities in tumor models in combination with bortezomib, the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide (Revlimid®), and various histone deacetylase inhibitors. These and other studies provided the framework for ongoing clinical trials in patients with MM, lymphomas, leukemias and solid tumors, including those who have failed bortezomib treatment, as well as in patients with diagnoses where other proteasome inhibitors have not demonstrated significant efficacy. This review captures the remarkable translational studies and contributions from many collaborators that have advanced marizomib from seabed to bench to bedside.

Published
2011

104. Review on Protocol based Approaches to Extend Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

Author

D Chauhan, Arundhati Sharma, Sharad Saxena, and Shailendra Mishra

Subjects
Energy conservation, business.industry, Computer science, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Wireless, Network topology, business, Sensor fusion, Wireless sensor network, On-Protocol, Computer network
Abstract

Researchers in wireless Micro-sensor networks (M-WSN) have proposed various protocols for energy conservations. Each protocol is aimed to optimize power utilization in wireless sensor networks. The different protocol approaches optimize power consumption either considering their application areas or network topologies. This paper studies various energy-saving protocols for micro sensor networks and presents their brief classifications. An M-WSN is a group of hundreds or thousands of small energy-limited sensors that are densely deployed in a large geographical region. These micro sensors in sensor network are autonomous devices responsible for forwarding locally collected data to a central node called sink node by following multi-hop wireless paths. The sink node performs data fusion to form a single meaningful result. The micro sensors work by utilizing limited battery-power, the considerable part is to use this power for a maximum time. Although recent developments in electronics has enabled the development of low-cost & low-power sensors networks, still there is a challenging job of energy conservation optimization within the wireless sensor networks (WSNs).

Published
2010

105. HDAC inhibition by LBH589 affects the phenotype and function of human myeloid dendritic cells

Author

YT Tai, Mark A. Exley, Weihua Song, KC Anderson, Puru Nanjappa, Teru Hideshima, Nikhil C. Munshi, D Chauhan, and Ze Tian

Subjects
Cancer Research, Indoles, Antigen presentation, T cells, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, invariant NKT cells, Biology, Hydroxamic Acids, Lymphocyte Activation, Article, NF-κB, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immune system, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Panobinostat, Humans, Myeloid Cells, CD40 Antigens, Antigen-presenting cell, RELB, LBH589, NF-kappa B, hemic and immune systems, Dendritic Cells, Hematology, Dendritic cell, Natural killer T cell, Acquired immune system, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, Phenotype, Oncology, chemistry, Immunology, Cytokines, Natural Killer T-Cells
Abstract

LBH589 is a novel pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that has potent antitumor activity in multiple myeloma and other hematological malignancies. However, its impact on the immune system has not been defined. We here evaluated the effects of LBH589 on human myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) at clinically relevant concentrations. Exposure to LBH589 affected the surface molecule expression on immature and mature DCs, which was associated with DC maturation (CD83↓), antigen presentation (human leukocyte antigen-ABC↓) and T-cell co-stimulation (CD40↓ and CD86↑). LBH589 decreased both protein and polysaccharide antigen uptake capacities by DCs. Importantly, LBH589 impaired DC function to stimulate antigen-specific immune responses, resulting in the significant reduction of invariant natural killer T-cell (CD1d-restricted) and T-cell (major histocompatibility complex-restricted) activation in innate and adaptive immunity. LBH589 also significantly repressed the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor-α by Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR4-induced DC activation, indicating an important role of HDAC activity in immune regulation and inflammation. RelB, a component of the nuclear factor-κ B signaling pathway, was the key component regulated by HDAC inhibition in DCs. Together, our preclinical study demonstrates that LBH589 significantly impairs the phenotype and function of DCs, indicating a need for monitoring the immune status in patients receiving HDAC inhibitor therapy. It also provides a rationale to evaluate LBH589 activity for the treatment of inflammation.

Published
2010

106. 0767 Outcomes Of Various Interventions For Sleep Disordered Breathing In Infants With Down Syndrome

Author

Bruce H. Matt, Anuja Bandyopadhyay, D Chauhan, Heidi M. Harmon, Hasnaa E. Jalou, Ameet S. Daftary, and J E Slaven

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Down syndrome, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, medicine.disease, Sleep in non-human animals, Comorbidity, Hypoventilation, Adenoidectomy, Physiology (medical), Oxygen therapy, medicine, Sleep disordered breathing, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business
Published
2018

109. Growth Performance and Blood Metabolites of Kankrej Heifers Fed Different Ratios of Green and Dry Fodder

Author

Bharat K Ashwar, M.M. Pawar, Haresh D Chauhan, Falguni V Parmar, and Karsanbhai B Prajapati

Subjects
Animal science, Fodder, Kankrej, Dry matter, Biology, Body weight
Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding different ratios of dry matter intake from green and dry fodder on growth performance and blood metabolites of Kankrej heifers. Thirty Kankrej calves of six months age were divided into three treatment groups. The T1 group was fed with 50% dry matter (DM) from green fodder, 20% DM from dry fodder and 30% DM from concentrate mixture; T2 group was fed with 35% DM from green fodder and 35% DM from dry fodder and 30% DM from concentrate mixture and T3 group was fed with 20% DM from green fodder, 50% DM from dry fodder and 30% DM from concentrate mixture. Net body weight gain was higher (P

Published
2018

110. Ascorbic acid inhibits antitumor activity of bortezomib in vivo

Author

Gullu Gorgun, Loredana Santo, Michele Cavo, Teru Hideshima, Noopur Raje, Elisabetta Calabrese, D Chauhan, Michele Baccarani, Yutaka Okawa, Giulia Perrone, Hiroshi Ikeda, Kenneth C. Anderson, Diana Cirstea, Perrone G, Hideshima T, Ikeda H, Okawa Y, Calabrese E, Gorgun G, Santo L, Cirstea D, Raje N, Chauhan D, Baccarani M, Cavo M, and Anderson KC.

Subjects
Vitamin, Cancer Research, Antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, Antineoplastic Agents, Ascorbic Acid, Pharmacology, Antioxidants, Bortezomib, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, immune system diseases, In vivo, Cell Line, Tumor, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Multiple myeloma, Cell Proliferation, Vitamin C, Hematology, medicine.disease, Ascorbic acid, Boronic Acids, Oncology, chemistry, Pyrazines, Immunology, Proteasome inhibitor, Multiple Myeloma, Proteasome Inhibitors, medicine.drug
Abstract

Earlier studies have shown that ascorbic acid (vitamin C) inhibits bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro. However, the clinical significance of vitamin C on bortezomib treatment is unclear. In this study, we examined whether daily oral intake of vitamin C inhibits antimultiple myeloma (MM) activities of bortezomib. Vitamin C, at orally achievable concentrations, inhibited in vitro MM cell cytotoxicity of bortezomib and blocked its inhibitory effect on 20S proteasome activity. Specifically, plasma collected from healthy volunteers taking 1 g/day vitamin C reduced bortezomib-induced MM cell death in vitro. This antagonistic effect of vitamin C against proteasome inhibitors is limited to the boronate class of inhibitors (bortezomib and MG262). In vivo activity of this combination treatment was then evaluated using our xenograft model of human MM in SCID (severe combined immune-deficient) mice. Bortezomib (0.1 mg/kg twice a week for 4 weeks) significantly inhibits in vivo MM cell growth, which was blocked by oral vitamin C (40 mg/kg/day). Therefore, our results for the first time show that vitamin C can significantly reduce the activity of bortezomib treatment in vivo; and importantly, suggest that patients receiving treatment with bortezomib should avoid taking vitamin C dietary supplements.

Published
2009

111. Detection of tissue origin of a 43 kDa diabetogenic protein from alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Author

Nirmalendu M. Nath, Shivkumar D. Chauhan, and Vinay K. Tule

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Antioxidant, oxidant/antioxidant status, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Cell, ionic transporters, diabetogenic factor, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immune system, Alloxan, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, chemistry.chemical_classification, Protease, business.industry, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, Trypsin, Alloxan diabetes, Endocrinology, Enzyme, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Cell culture, Immunology, Original Article, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background : Earlier, we had found high levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) in the serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients along with a novel 43 kDa protein. Methods: Different tissues of alloxaninduced, diabetic, male albino rats (200–250 g in body weight) were collected for the present study. Tissue proteins were isolated and separated by 10% SDSpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A primary cell culture of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) was used to evaluate the effects of the diabetogenic protein. Cell proliferative index, oxidant/ antioxidant status, and ion-transporting ability were chosen as study parameters. results: SDS-PAGE of different tissues shows that the diabetic liver alone was the only tissue that contained the 43 kDa protein band compared to the normal liver. In vitro effects of the new liver protein on PMNs include significantly decreased cell proliferative activity, increased free radical levels, and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes as well as ionic transporters. The new liver protein also exhibited protease activity when compared with standard trypsin. conclus Ions : This study concluded that a novel 43 kDa protein obtained from the livers of alloxan-induced diabetic rats shows protease activity as well as antiproliferative activity. Also, this protein may act as a diabetogenic factor as it elicited a significantly gross elevation in the oxidant status level as well as in the levels of lysosomal enzymes and a decrease in the levels of antioxidative enzymes and ionic transporters of PMNs.

Published
2009

112. Bone marrow microenvironment and the identification of new targets for myeloma therapy

Author

KC Anderson, Klaus Podar, and D Chauhan

Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway, Cancer Research, business.industry, Bortezomib, Wnt signaling pathway, Antineoplastic Agents, Hematology, medicine.disease, Article, Drug Delivery Systems, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Bone Marrow, Immunology, Proteasome inhibitor, medicine, Cancer research, Humans, Bone marrow, Multiple Myeloma, business, Protein kinase B, Multiple myeloma, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, medicine.drug
Abstract

The development of multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex multi-step process involving both early and late genetic changes in the tumor cell as well as selective supportive conditions by the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Indeed, it is now well established that MM cell-induced disruption of the BM homeostasis between the highly organized cellular and extracellular compartments supports MM cell proliferation, survival, migration and drug resistance through activation of various signaling (for example, PI3K/Akt, JAK/Stat-, Raf/MEK/MAPK-, NFkappaB- and Wnt-) pathways. Based on our enhanced understanding of the functional importance of the MM BM microenvironment and its inter-relation with the MM cell resulting in homing, seeding, proliferation and survival, new molecular targets have been identified and derived treatment regimens in MM have already changed fundamentally during recent years. These agents include thalidomide, its immunomodulatory derivative lenalidomide and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which mediate tumor cytotoxicity in the BM milieu. Ongoing studies are further delineating MM pathogenesis in the BM to enhance cytotoxicity, avoid drug resistance and improve patient outcome.

Published
2008

113. Factors affecting the uptake of new medicines in secondary care a literature review

Author

D. Chauhan and Anne Mason

Subjects
Typology, medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, media_common.quotation_subject, Decision Making, Alternative medicine, Academic detailing, Secondary care, Nursing, Excellence, Physicians, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Practice Patterns, Physicians', media_common, Pharmacology, business.industry, Drug Utilization, United Kingdom, Purchasing, Clinical trial, Incentive, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Patient Participation, business
Abstract

SUMMARY Background and Objective: The rate of uptake of new medicines in the UK is slower than in many other OECD countries. The majority of new medicines are introduced initially in secondary care and prescribed by specialists. However, the reasons for relatively low precribing levels are poorly understood. This review explores the determinants of uptake of new medicines in secondary care. Methods: Nine electronic databases were searched covering the period 1992–2006. Once the searches had been run, records were downloaded and those which evaluated uptake of new medicines in secondary care were identified. UK studies were of primary interest, although research conducted in other countries was also reviewed if relevant. With the exception of ‘think pieces’, eligibility was not limited by study design. Studies published in languages other than English were excluded from the review. Determinants of uptake in secondary care were classified using Bonair and Persson’s typology for determinants of the diffusion of innovation. Results: Almost 1400 records were screened for eligibility, and 29 studies were included in the review. Prescribing of new medicines in secondary care was found to be subject to a number of interacting influences. The support structures which exist within secondary care facilitate access to other colleagues and shape prescribing practices. Clinical trial investigators and physicians who sit on decision-making bodies such as Drug and Therapeutic Committees (DTCs) appear to have a special influence due to their proximity to their research and understanding of evidence base. Pharmaceutical representatives may also influence prescribing decisions through funding of meetings and academic detailing, but clinicians are wary of potential bias. Little evidence on the influence of patients upon prescribing decisions was identified. The impact of clinical guidelines has been variable. Some guidelines have significantly increased the uptake of new medicines, but others have had little discernible impact despite extensive dissemination. However given the increasing influence of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, guidelines may become more important. The impact of financial prescribing incentives on secondary care prescribing is unclear. Although cost and budget may influence hospital prescribing of new drugs, they are of secondary importance to the safety and effectiveness profile of the medicine. If a drug has a novel mechanism of action, or belongs to a class with few alternatives, clinicians are more likely to consider it favourably as a prescribing option. Conclusions: Although price does not appear to be a primary factor behind prescribing decisionmaking, in secondary care there has long been a historical need for formal purchasing decisions through the DTC, which differentiates it from primary care. This, in addition to increasing pressures for cost-effectiveness within the NHS means that cost will appear more frequently on clinician consciousness. As a result, guidelines are more likely to be implemented using the strong professional networks in existence within secondary care, and although the influence of patients has not been addressed by the literature, they are likely to have an increasing input into the prescribing decision, given the importance of patient involvement in current UK policy.

Published
2008

114. Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Picrorhiza kurrooa rhizome extracts in diabetic rats

Author

Vinay K. Tule, Shivkumar D. Chauhan, and N. Nath

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, medicine.medical_specialty, Antioxidant, biology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Glutathione peroxidase, Clinical Biochemistry, Glutathione reductase, Glutathione, Pharmacology, Article, Superoxide dismutase, Lipid peroxidation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, Alloxan, medicine, biology.protein, business, Peroxynitrite
Abstract

Picrorhiza kurrooa is mentioned in Ayurveda for the treatment of many disorders, but it has not been subjected to systematic scientific investigations to assess its antidiabetic effect. The oral administration of aqueous and methanol extracts of P. kurrooa rhizomes (250 and 500 mg / kg body weight / day) for 15 days significantly reduced blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and increased total hemoglobin, plasma insulin in alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats. The treatment also showed significant correction in the level of nitric oxide radicals, superoxide radicals, peroxynitrite radical, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the pancreas of alloxan diabetic rats.

Published
2008

115. Biological pathways and in vivo antitumor activity induced by Atiprimod in myeloma

Author

Ramesh B. Batchu, Salvatore Venuta, Ernestina Schipani, Paola Neri, Kenneth C. Anderson, D Chauhan, Nikhil C. Munshi, Rao Prabhala, GS Jacob, Hiroshi Yasui, Simona Blotta, Makoto Hamasaki, Donald Picker, Masood A. Shammas, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Teru Hideshima, and L Catley

Subjects
Cancer Research, Mice, Nude, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Mice, SCID, Bone morphogenetic protein, Biological pathway, Mice, Downregulation and upregulation, Osteogenesis, In vivo, Cell Line, Tumor, Atiprimod, Cell Adhesion, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Spiro Compounds, Bone Resorption, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cell Cycle, Wnt signaling pathway, Hematology, Cell cycle, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, In vitro, Neoplasm Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Oncology, Immunology, Cancer research, Multiple Myeloma, business, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Atiprimod (Atip) is a novel oral agent with anti-inflammatory properties. Although its in vitro activity and effects on signaling in multiple myeloma (MM) have been previously reported, here we investigated its molecular and in vivo effects in MM. Gene expression analysis of MM cells identified downregulation of genes involved in adhesion, cell-signaling, cell cycle and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways and upregulation of genes implicated in apoptosis and bone development, following Atip treatment. The pathway analysis identified integrin, TGF-beta and FGF signaling as well as Wnt/beta-catenin, IGF1 and cell-cycle regulation networks as being most modulated by Atip treatment. We further evaluated its in vivo activity in three mouse models. The subcutaneous model confirmed its in vivo activity and established its dose; the SCID-hu model using INA-6 cells, confirmed its ability to overcome the protective effects of BM milieu; and the SCID-hu model using primary MM cells reconfirmed its activity in a model closest to human disease. Finally, we observed reduced number of osteoclasts and modulation of genes related to BMP pathways. Taken together, these data demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of Atip, delineate potential molecular targets triggered by this agent, and provide a preclinical rational for its clinical evaluation in MM.

Published
2007

116. Eigenspannung im mit gasdruckunterstütztem Feingussverfahren hergestellten langfaserverstärkten Aluminium-Matrix-Verbundwerkstoff

Author

M. Rosefort, Andreas Bührig-Polaczek, A. Bäumer, S. Sun, D. Chauhan, and I. Possel-Dölken

Subjects
Materials science, business.product_category, Mechanical Engineering, Composite number, Metallurgy, Condensed Matter Physics, Residual, Matrix (mathematics), Mechanics of Materials, Residual stress, visual_art, Ultimate tensile strength, Aluminium alloy, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Die (manufacturing), General Materials Science, Composite material, business, Aluminium matrix
Abstract

Die Eigenspannungen zwischen Matrix und Faser in einer mit dem gasdruckunterstutztem Feingussverfahren hergestellten γ-Al2O3-langfaserverstarkten Aluminiumlegierung AlZn6Mg1Ag1 wurden mit der Rontgenbeugungsmethode experimentell gemessen und mit FEM numerisch simuliert. Die Ergebnisse haben wider Erwarten gezeigt, dass die durchschnittlichen Eigenspannungen sowohl in der Matrix als auch in der Faser nicht sehr gros sind. Allerdings sind die Eigenspannungen sehr ungleichmasig verteilt. An der Grenzflache in der Matrix gibt es in der Faserquer- und Faserlangsrichtung jeweils einen kleinen Bereich mit relativ hohen Zugeigenspannungen. Durch die Analyse der Eigenspannung in mit verschiedenen Faservolumenanteilen verstarkten Proben wurde der Einfluss des Faservolumenanteils im Verbundwerkstoff analysiert. Tendenziell steigt die Zugeigenspannung in der Matrix und sinkt die Druckeigenspannung in der Faser mit zunehmendem Faservolumenanteil. Wenn der Faservolumenanteil 65 % uberschreitet, erreichen die endgultigen maximalen Zugeigenspannungen in der Matrix die Streckgrenze der Aluminiumlegierung und es entsteht lokale plastische Verformung in der Matrix. Residual Stress in Continuous Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites Prepared by Modified Investment Casting The residual stresses between matrix und fibres in the continuous γ-Al2O3 fibre reinforced aluminium alloy (AlZn6Mg1Ag1) matrix composites prepared by modified investment casting were measured with x-ray diffraction as well as simulated with FEM. It was indicated as expected that tensile residual stress exists in the Matrix und compressive residual in the fibre. The average value of the residual stress in both matrix and fibre in the composites is not very significant. However it is distributed very unevenly. Next to the interface between matrix and fibre there is a small zone in the matrix with relative great tensile residual stress. The effect of fibre volume percentage on the residual stress in the composite was also analysed. With increase of the fibre volume percentage the tensile residual stress in the matrix increases while the compressive residual stress in the fibre decreases. If the fibre volume percentage in the composite exceeds 65 %, the maximal tensile residual stress will reach the yield stress of the matrix alloy and local plastic deformation will occur.

Published
2007

117. Novel etodolac analog SDX-308 (CEP-18082) induces cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma cells associated with inhibition of β-catenin/TCF pathway

Author

Paul G. Richardson, Yutaka Okawa, KC Anderson, D Chauhan, Paola Neri, Hiroshi Yasui, Daniel R. Carrasco, Hiroshi Ikeda, Kumar Sukhdeo, Sonia Vallet, Tanyel Kiziltepe, Teru Hideshima, Enrique M. Ocio, Klaus Podar, and Noopur Raje

Subjects
Cancer Research, Stromal cell, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors, Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Line, Tumor, Survivin, medicine, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Etodolac, Cytotoxicity, beta Catenin, Interleukin-6, Bortezomib, Hematology, Neoplasm Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, chemistry, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cell culture, Cancer research, Bone marrow, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases, Growth inhibition, Multiple Myeloma, TCF Transcription Factors, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, Signal Transduction, medicine.drug
Abstract

We have reported previously that R-enantiomer of etodolac (R-etodolac), which is under investigation in phase 2 clinical trials in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, induces potent cytotoxicity at clinically relevant concentrations in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. In this study, we demonstrated that SDX-308 (CEP-18082), a novel analog of etodolac, has more potent cytotoxicity than R-etodolac against both MM cell lines and patient MM cells, including tumor cells resistant to conventional (dexamethasone, doxorubicine, melphalan) and novel (bortezomib) therapies. SDX-308-induced cytotoxicity is triggered by caspase-8/9/3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, followed by apoptosis. SDX-308 significantly inhibits beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway by inhibiting nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, thereby downregulating transcription and expression of downstream target proteins including myc and survivin. Neither interleukin-6 nor insulin-like growth factor-1 protect against growth inhibition triggered by SDX-308. Importantly, growth of MM cells adherent to bone marrow (BM) stromal cells is also significantly inhibited by SDX-308. Our data therefore indicate that the novel etodolac analog SDX-308 can target MM cells in the BM milieu.

Published
2007

118. Maggot debridement therapy as primary tool to treat chronic wound of animals

Author

Vandip D. Chauhan, J. J. Hasnani, Sunanda Pandey, Vijayata Choudhary, and Mukesh Choudhary

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Chronic wound, medicine.medical_specialty, Lucilia sericata, 040301 veterinary sciences, Veterinary medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, Sterile maggots, First line, Review Article, SF1-1100, 01 natural sciences, 0403 veterinary science, Green bottle fly, SF600-1100, Maggot therapy, medicine, music, maggot debridement therapy, Debridement, music.instrument, General Veterinary, biology, Maggot, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, maggots, biology.organism_classification, Animal culture, Surgery, 010602 entomology, Amputation, chronic wounds, medicine.symptom, business, debridement
Abstract

Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is a safe, effective, and controlled method of healing of chronic wounds by debridement and disinfection. In this therapy live, sterile maggots of green bottle fly, Lucilia (Phaenicia) sericata are used, as they prefer necrotic tissues over healthy for feeding. Since centuries, MDT is used in human beings to treat chronic wounds. Lately, MDT came out as a potent medical aid in animals. In animals, although, this therapy is still limited and clinical studies are few. However, with the increasing antibiotic resistance and chronic wound infections in veterinary medicine, maggot therapy may even become the first line of treatment for some infections. This paper will present a brief discussion of MDT and its role in veterinary medicine that may add one more treatment method to utilize in non-healing wounds of animals and overcome the use of amputation and euthanasia. The objective of this review paper is to assemble relevant literature on maggot therapy to form a theoretical foundation from which further steps toward clinical use of maggot therapy in animals for chronic wounds can be taken.

Published
2015

119. The calibration system for the photomultiplier array of the SNO+ experiment

Author

S. Andringa, G. Lefeuvre, M. J. Mottram, D. Chauhan, J. Waterfield, P. Skensved, J. R. Wilson, Karl J. Clark, E. Falk, I. T. Coulter, F Descamps, J. R. Sinclair, Luis Filipe Oleiro Seabra, R. White, João Carvalho, Amélia Maio, S. M. Bradbury, L. Gurriana, José Maneira, S. J. M. Peeters, R. Alves, C. Kraus, and J. Rose

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Optical fiber, Materials science, Fabrication, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, QC, Mathematical Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, QC0793, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Neutrino detector, business, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

A light injection system using LEDs and optical fibres was designed for the calibration and monitoring of the photomultiplier array of the SNO+ experiment at SNOLAB. Large volume, non-segmented, low-background detectors for rare event physics, such as the multi-purpose SNO+ experiment, need a calibration system that allow an accurate and regular measurement of the performance parameters of their photomultiplier arrays, while minimising the risk of radioactivity ingress. The design implemented for SNO+ uses a set of optical fibres to inject light pulses from external LEDs into the detector. The design, fabrication and installation of this light injection system, as well as the first commissioning tests, are described in this paper. Monte Carlo simulations were compared with the commissioning test results, confirming that the system meets the performance requirements., Comment: 31 pages, 19 figures

Published
2015

120. Targeting PD1-PDL1 immune checkpoint in plasmacytoid dendritic cell interactions with T cells, natural killer cells and multiple myeloma cells

Author

D Chauhan, Deepika Sharma Das, Paul G. Richardson, Arghya Ray, Nikhil C. Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson, and Yan Song

Subjects
Cancer Research, T-Lymphocytes, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Plasmacytoid dendritic cell, Biology, Article, B7-H1 Antigen, Flow cytometry, medicine, Humans, Multiple myeloma, medicine.diagnostic_test, Hematology, Dendritic Cells, medicine.disease, Natural killer T cell, Flow Cytometry, Immune checkpoint, Cell biology, Killer Cells, Natural, Haematopoiesis, Leukemia, Oncology, Stem cell, Multiple Myeloma
Abstract

Targeting PD1–PDL1 immune checkpoint in plasmacytoid dendritic cell interactions with T cells, natural killer cells and multiple myeloma cells

Published
2015

121. Morphological and histological identification of Paramphistomum cervi (Trematoda: Paramiphistoma) in the rumen of infected sheep

Author

Vandip D. Chauhan, J. J. Hasnani, Vijayata Chaoudhary, Mukesh K. Khyalia, P. V. Patel, Suchit S. Pandya, and Sunanda Pandey

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, sheep, rumen fluke, Veterinary medicine, abattoirs, SF1-1100, posterior sucker, histology, Rumen, SF600-1100, parasitic diseases, morphology, Sucker, medicine, Helminths, Parasite hosting, Paramphistomum cervi, General Veterinary, biology, Pharynx, Histology, Anatomy, biology.organism_classification, Animal culture, medicine.anatomical_structure, Trematoda, paramphistomosis, Research Article
Abstract

Aim This study was undertaken to identify Paramphistomum cervi on the basis of its morphology and histology to be the common cause of paramphistomosis in infected sheep and its differentiation from other similar Paramphistomes in Gujarat. Materials and methods Adult rumen flukes were recovered from the rumen of naturally infected sheep slaughtered in various abattoirs in Gujarat. Some adult flukes were flattened and stained in Borax carmine, and some were sectioned in the median sagittal plane and histological slides of the flukes were prepared for detailed morphological and histological studies. Result Microscopic pictures of the parasite used in identification define the similarity in the morphology and histology of the anterior sucker, pharynx, esophagus, genital atrium, posterior sucker (acetabulum) and testes to the P. cervi. Conclusion It can be concluded that the most common species found in sheep infected with Paramphistomosis is P. cervi on the basis of its histo-morphological appearance in Gujarat.

Published
2014

122. Anti-tumor activities of selective HSP90α/β inhibitor, TAS-116, in combination with bortezomib in multiple myeloma

Author

Francesca Cottini, Gullu Gorgun, YT Tai, P. G. Richardson, Diana Cirstea, Kenneth C. Anderson, Teruhiro Utsugi, Rikio Suzuki, Jiro Minami, Naoya Mimura, Teru Hideshima, Yasuhiro Yoshida, D Chauhan, Shohei Kikuchi, Jana Jakubikova, NC Munshi, and Hiroto Ohguchi

Subjects
Cancer Research, animal structures, Cell Survival, HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Mice, SCID, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Biology, Article, Cell Line, Bortezomib, Mice, immune system diseases, Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Cell Line, Tumor, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Animals, Humans, Multiple myeloma, Cell Proliferation, Antitumor activity, Cell growth, Hematology, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Boronic Acids, Oncology, Cell culture, Pyrazines, Benzamides, Mutation, Cancer research, Pyrazoles, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Multiple Myeloma, Neoplasm Transplantation, medicine.drug
Abstract

Anti-tumor activities of selective HSP90α/β inhibitor, TAS-116, in combination with bortezomib in multiple myeloma

Published
2014

123. A Pilot Scale Evaluation for Adsorptive Removal of Lead (II) Using Treated Granular Activated Carbon

Author

D. Chauhan, Ajay Kumar Meena, Vinod Kumar Garg, A. Rawat, Jyotsna Goel, Smita S. Kumar, Krishna Kadirvelu, R. Chopra, G.K. Mishra, and Chitra Rajagopal

Subjects
Granular activated carbon, Materials science, Pilot scale, Environmental engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, General Medicine, Pulp and paper industry, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Sulfur, Carbon, Metal, Adsorption, Lead, chemistry, Static mode, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental Chemistry, Water Pollutants, Waste Management and Disposal, Water Science and Technology, Waste disposal
Abstract

Wastewaters discharged from the defence serviceable industries pose a serious environmental hazard due to their heavy metal load. The present study focused on optimizing the operational variables viz, hydraulic loading rate, bed height and feed concentration through bench scale study and using that for assessing the efficiency of pilot scale system with sulphur loaded carbon (AC-S) as the adsorbent in the removal of Pb (II). Static mode adsorption studies were also carried out for Pb (II) removal using treated (AC-S) and untreated carbon (AC). AC-S shows about 35 percent increase in maximum adsorption capacity over that on AC. The maximum adsorption capacity in the column mode for Pb (II) at the optimized conditions: bed height of 0.4 m, hydraulic loading rate of 7.5 m3h(-1)m(-2) and the feed concentration of 6 mg l(-1) for achieving 50% breakthrough concentration was found to be 2.89 mg g(-1). Adsorption mechanism involved during Pb (1) in the column has also been explored. Bohart-Adams model was used for modeling the bench scale data and predicting the adsorption behavior at pilot scale level.

Published
2005

124. 2-Methoxyestardiol and bortezomib/proteasome-inhibitor overcome dexamethasone-resistance in multiple myeloma cells by modulating Heat Shock Protein-27

Author

Guilan Li, Ling Chen, S Saxena, Kenneth C. Anderson, Klaus Podar, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Daniel Auclair, D Chauhan, Nikhil C. Munshi, Teru Hideshima, and Nicholas Mitsiades

Subjects
endocrine system, Cancer Research, Programmed cell death, animal structures, Clinical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Antineoplastic Agents, Dexamethasone, Bortezomib, Hsp27, Heat shock protein, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Humans, Heat-Shock Proteins, Multiple myeloma, Pharmacology, Estradiol, biology, Biochemistry (medical), Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Boronic Acids, Actins, 2-Methoxyestradiol, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Apoptosis, Pyrazines, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Proteasome inhibitor, Cancer research, biology.protein, Multiple Myeloma, Peptides, Proteasome Inhibitors, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains fatal despite all available therapies. Initial treatment with conventional drugs such as, Dexamethasone (Dex) effectively induces MM cell death; however, prolonged drug exposures results in the development of chemoresistance. Our prior study demonstrated that 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells resistant to Dexamethasone (Dex). Here, we show the mechanism whereby 2ME2 overcomes Dex-resistance. The oligonucleotide array analysis demonstrates that Heat Shock Protein-27 (Hsp27) is upregulated in Dex-resistant, but not in Dex-sensitive MM cells. Proteomics analysis of Hsp27-immunocomplexes revealed the presence of actin in Dex-resistant, but not in Dex-sensitive cells. Biochemical interaction between Hsp27 and actin was examined by co-immunoprecipitation with anti-Hsp27 or actin Abs. Far western blot analysis using GST-Hsp27 fusion protein showed a direct association with actin both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, 2ME2- or Bortezomib/Proteasome inhibitor (PS-341)-induced apoptosis in Dex-resistant MM cell lines and MM patient cells is associated with disruption of the Hsp27-actin complexes. Finally, blockade of Hsp27 by anti-sense strategy enhanced anti-MM activity of both 2ME2 and PS-341. These findings provide the clinical application of novel therapeutics targeting Hsp27 to improve patient outcome in MM.

Published
2004

125. [Untitled]

Author

D Chauhan and Kenneth C. Anderson

Subjects
Pharmacology, Cancer Research, Programmed cell death, Cell growth, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Cell, Pharmaceutical Science, Cancer, Cell Biology, Biology, medicine.disease, Thalidomide, medicine.anatomical_structure, Apoptosis, medicine, Cancer research, Bone marrow, Multiple myeloma, medicine.drug
Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic malignancy, remains fatal despite all available therapies. Initial treatment with conventional drugs effectively induces MM cell death/apoptosis; however, prolonged drug exposures results in the development of de novo chemoresistance. Because MM is a bone marrow (BM) cancer, the progression of disease and drug efficacy is highly influenced by the BM microenvironment. Novel agents, such as proteasome inhibitors (PS-341), 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), thalidomide and its immunomodulatory derivatives (IMiDs), and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors target the MM cell in its BM microenvironment; thereby enhancing anti-MM activity as well as preventing development of drug-resistance. The transcriptional events and signaling pathways, which mediate these responses in MM cells are now being delineated, and may serve to identify novel therapeutic targets based upon interrupting MM cell growth or triggering MM cell death.

Published
2003

126. Optimized parametric skin modelling for diagnosis of skin abnormalities by combining light back-scatter and laser speckle imaging

Author

D. Chauhan, Huseyin Seker, Volkan Uslan, Eric Goodyer, Ahmet Orun, and Geoff Smith

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Computer science, Dermoscopy, Dermatology, Bayesian inference, Models, Biological, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skin Diseases, Pattern Recognition, Automated, Photometry, Young Adult, Speckle pattern, Humans, Computer Simulation, Computer vision, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Skin, Parametric statistics, Models, Statistical, integumentary system, business.industry, Lasers, Process (computing), Reproducibility of Results, Bayesian network, Bayes Theorem, Laser Speckle Imaging, Backscatter X-ray, Parametric model, Colorimetry, Female, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

Background/purpose Optical and parametric skin imaging methods which can efficiently identify invisible sub-skin features or subtle changes in skin layers are very important for accurate optical skin modelling. In this study, a hybrid method is introduced that helps develop a parametric optical skin model by utilizing interdisciplinary techniques including light back-scatter analysis, laser speckle imaging, image-texture analysis and Bayesian inference methods. The model aims to detect subtle skin changes and hence very early signs of skin abnormalities/diseases. Methods Light back-scatter and laser speckle image textural analysis are applied onto the normal and abnormal skin regions (lesions) to generate set of attributes/parameters. These are then optimized by Bayesian inference method in order to build an optimized parametric model. Results The attributes selected by Bayesian inference method in the optimization stage were used to build an optimized model and then successfully verified. It was clearly proven that Bayesian inference based optimization process yields good results to build an optimized skin model. Conclusion The outcome of this study clearly shows the applicability of this hybrid method in the analysis of skin features and is therefore expected to lead development of non-invasive and low-cost instrument for early detection of skin changes.

Published
2014

127. Importance of Delayed Imaging for Blunt Renal Trauma

Author

Jeffrey R. Gingrich, Ravi D. Chauhan, Morris L. Gavant, Clair E. Cox, and John C. Blankenship

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Abdominal Injuries, Kidney, Wounds, Nonpenetrating, Lacerations, Injury Severity Score, Blunt, Predictive Value of Tests, Humans, Medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cardiothoracic surgery, Abdomen, Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Complication, Kidney disease, Abdominal surgery
Abstract

The advent of noninvasive computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis for evaluation of blunt renal trauma has led to the practice of expectant management for hemodynamically stable patients. Although expectant management of higher grade injuries (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Renal Injury Scale) would intuitively result in an increased frequency of urologic complications, this has not been previously examined in a large series of patients utilizing contemporary radiologic imaging techniques. A retrospective review of patients from a single institution within a recent 4-year period revealed 4 grade I, 13 grade II, 21 grade III, 7 grade IV, and 4 grade V injuries. None of grade 1, 15% of grade II, 38% of grade III, 43% of grade IV, and 100% of grade V injuries had one or more (15 major and 11 minor) urologic complications. The incidence of urinary complications correlated significantly with increasing grade (0%, 15%, 38%, 43%, and 100% for grades I to V, respectively; r = 0.94, p = 0.0158). Of the delayed urologic complications, 50% were diagnosed on follow-up imaging studies and 33% of them required intervention. Therefore we advocate repeat imaging 2 to 4 days after trauma resulting in grade III to V blunt renal lacerations to identify delayed complications that may require intervention.

Published
2001

128. Gene therapy for prostate cancer

Author

Ravi D. Chauhan, Jeffrey R. Gingrich, and Mitchell S. Steiner

Subjects
Male, Nephrology, Oncology, Molecular complexity, medicine.medical_specialty, Urology, Genetic enhancement, Metastasis, Preclinical research, Prostate cancer, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Gene, Cellular Transformation, Clinical Trials as Topic, business.industry, Prostatic Neoplasms, Genetic Therapy, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Clinical trial, Immunology, Immunotherapy, business
Abstract

Basic research continues to unravel the molecular complexity of normal and abnormal biologic processes. The development of means to affect the expression level of genes that promote or contribute to cellular transformation, invasion, and metastasis has spawned the concept of gene therapy. This relatively new field seeks to reverse or suspend the pathologic progression of a variety of diseases including the malignant transfor-mation of prostatic epithelial cells. Initial clinical trials for prostate cancer have thus far shown gene therapy to be relatively safe, although definitive evidence of durable therapeutic efficacy remains to be demonstrated. In this article, recent preclinical research, current therapeutic strategies, and recent results of gene therapy clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer are reviewed.

Published
2001

129. [Untitled]

Author

K. C. Anderson and D Chauhan

Subjects
Pharmacology, Cancer Research, Chemotherapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Cancer, Cell Biology, Biology, Disease pathogenesis, medicine.disease, Apoptosis, Hematological malignancy, Immunology, Cancer cell, Cancer research, medicine, Signal transduction, Multiple myeloma
Abstract

Apoptosis is the primary means by which most radio- and chemotherapy modalities kill cancer cells, and abnormalities in the apoptotic pathways may contribute to disease pathogenesis of cancer. Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy which will affect 14,000 new individuals in the United States in 2001 and remains irreversibly fatal despite all available therapies. The current review focuses on the studies of apoptotic and survival signaling pathways in MM cells, which have both identified novel apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins and provided targets for novel therapeutics.

Published
2001

130. CD40 activation mediates p53-dependent cell cycle regulation in human multiple myeloma cell lines

Author

Teru Hideshima, M. Matsuzaki, D Chauhan, Mitsuyoshi Urashima, Noopur Raje, S. Shirahama, Gerrard Teoh, Yoshihito Shima, Steven P. Treon, Yu-Tzu Tai, and Kenneth C. Anderson

Subjects
Messenger RNA, CD40, biology, Cell growth, Immunology, Cell Biology, Hematology, Cell cycle, Biochemistry, Cell biology, Transactivation, Apoptosis, Cell culture, biology.protein, Cancer research, Permissive
Abstract

It has been reported that the activation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells by CD40 induces proliferation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. To determine whether the biologic sequelae of CD40 activation in MM cells depends on p53 function, we identified temperature-sensitive p53 mutations in the RPMI 8226 (tsp53E285K) and the HS Sultan (tsp53Y163H) MM cell lines. These cells were then used as a model system of inducible wtp53-like function because wild-type-like p53 is induced at permissive (30°C) but not at restrictive (37°C) temperatures. Using p21-luciferase reporter assays, we confirmed that CD40 induces p53 transactivation in RPMI 8226 and HS Sultan cells cultured under permissive, but not restrictive, conditions. Furthermore, CD40 activation of these MM cells under permissive, but not restrictive, temperatures increased the expression of p53 and p21 mRNA and protein. Importantly, CD40 activation induced the proliferation of RPMI 8226 and HS Sultan cells at restrictive temperatures and growth arrest and increased subG1 phase cells at permissive temperatures. These data confirmed that CD40 activation might have distinct biologic sequelae in MM cells, depending on their p53 status.

Published
2000

131. Rapid lupus autoantigen relocalization and reactive oxygen species accumulation following ultraviolet irradiation of human keratinocytes

Author

S Denniss, W. J. Van Venrooij, Karl E. Herbert, Joseph Lunec, D Chauhan, G.J.M. Pruijn, W. Lawley, and A Doherty

Subjects
Keratinocytes, Male, Programmed cell death, Necrosis, Cell Survival, Ultraviolet Rays, Apoptosis, Biology, Autoantigens, chemistry.chemical_compound, Rheumatology, Ultraviolet light, medicine, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Pharmacology (medical), Viability assay, Propidium iodide, skin and connective tissue diseases, Cells, Cultured, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, Microscopy, Confocal, integumentary system, Bio-Molecular Chemistry, Flow Cytometry, Molecular biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Ribonucleoproteins, chemistry, Antigens, Surface, Immunology, medicine.symptom, Reactive Oxygen Species, Keratinocyte
Abstract

Objective. In vitro treatment with ultraviolet B ( UVB) induces relocalization of lupus autoantigens to the cell surface. We have addressed the relationship between autoantigen relocalization, accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the induction of apoptosis following UVA and UVB exposure. Methods. Human primary keratinocytes were exposed in vitro to doses of UVA and UVB equivalent to 0.01–4 times the minimal erythemal dose. The cellular locations of Ro60, Ro52, Sm, U2-B◊ and La were determined using monoclonal antibodies. ROS accumulation and apoptosis induction were assessed using the intracellular ROS probe 2∞7∞-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and the viability stains Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. Results. UV treatment induced the relocalization of all five autoantigens investigated and an accumulation of ROS. UVA and UVB induced necrosis and apoptosis, respectively. Conclusion. These data suggest that both UVA and UVB induce ROS within keratinocytes but have significantly different effects upon autoantigen relocalization and cell viability. K : Systemic lupus erythematosus, Reactive oxygen species, Ultraviolet light, Apoptosis, Autoantigen, Necrosis.

Published
2000

132. Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells From Patients With Multiple Myeloma Are Phenotypically and Functionally Normal Despite the Detection of Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus Gene Sequences

Author

N, Raje, J, Gong, D, Chauhan, G, Teoh, D, Avigan, Z, Wu, D, Chen, S P, Treon, I J, Webb, D W, Kufe, and K C, Anderson

Subjects
Adult, Male, Immunology, Bone Marrow Cells, Dendritic Cells, HLA-DR Antigens, Cell Biology, Hematology, Middle Aged, Flow Cytometry, Biochemistry, Immunophenotyping, Antigens, CD, DNA, Viral, Herpesvirus 8, Human, Humans, Female, Multiple Myeloma, Aged
Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) cells express idiotypic proteins and other tumor-associated antigens which make them ideal targets for novel immunotherapeutic approaches. However, recent reports show the presence of Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) gene sequences in bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) in MM, raising concerns regarding their antigen-presenting cell (APC) function. In the present study, we sought to identify the ideal source of DCs from MM patients for use in vaccination approaches. We compared the relative frequency, phenotype, and function of BMDCs or peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDCs) from MM patients versus normal donors. DCs were derived by culture of mononuclear cells in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. The yield as well as the pattern and intensity of Ag (HLA-DR, CD40, CD54, CD80, and CD86) expression were equivalent on DCs from BM or PB of MM patients versus normal donors. Comparison of PBDCs versus BMDCs showed higher surface expression of HLA-DR (P = .01), CD86 (P = .0003), and CD14 (P = .04) on PBDCs. APC function, assessed using an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), demonstrated equivalent T-cell proliferation triggered by MM versus normal DCs. Moreover, no differences in APC function were noted in BMDCs compared with PBDCs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of genomic DNA from both MM patient and normal donor DCs for the 233-bp KSHV gene sequence (KS330233) was negative, but nested PCR to yield a final product of 186 bp internal to KS330233 was positive in 16 of 18 (88.8%) MM BMDCs, 3 of 8 (37.5%) normal BMDCs, 1 of 5 (20%) MM PBDCs, and 2 of 6 (33.3%) normal donor PBDCs. Sequencing of 4 MM patient PCR products showed 96% to 98% homology to the published KSHV gene sequence, with patient specific mutations ruling out PCR artifacts or contamination. In addition, KHSV-specific viral cyclin D (open reading frame [ORF] 72) was amplified in 2 of 5 MM BMDCs, with sequencing of the ORF 72 amplicon revealing 91% and 92% homology to the KSHV viral cyclin D sequence. These sequences again demonstrated patient specific mutations, ruling out contamination. Therefore, our studies show that PB appears to be the preferred source of DCs for use in vaccination strategies due to the ready accessibility and phenotypic profile of PBDCs, as well as the comparable APC function and lower detection rate of KSHV gene sequences compared with BMDCs. Whether active KSHV infection is present and important in the pathophysiology of MM remains unclear; however, our study shows that MMDCs remain functional despite the detection of KSHV gene sequences.

Published
1999

134. Phase 1/2 dose-escalation study of marizomib (MRZ, NPI-0052) plus low dose dexamethasone (DEX) in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma; study NPI-0052-101 (NCT00461045)

Author

D Chauhan, Todd M. Zimmerman, Jacob P. Laubach, P. G. Richardson, Jonathan L. Kaufman, A. Chanan Khan, KC Anderson, Craig C. Hofmeister, S. Reich, M. Trikha, Moshe Talpaz, and Andrzej Jakubowiak

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Low dose, Refractory Multiple Myeloma, Hematology, Internal medicine, medicine, Dose escalation, In patient, business, Dexamethasone, medicine.drug
Published
2015

136. Ocular Angiostrongyliasis in a Child – First Case Report from India

Author

D. K. Mehta, R. Arora, S. Malhotra, D. Chauhan, Swatismita Ray, and Mukesh K. Jain

Subjects
Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, India, parasitic diseases, Eosinophilic, medicine, Animals, Humans, Eye Infections, Parasitic, Child, Strongylida Infections, Lung, biology, business.industry, fungi, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Eye infection, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, eye diseases, Left eye, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Angiostrongyliasis, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Meningitis
Abstract

A rare case report of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lung worm) from the eye is presented here. This worm generally causes eosinophilic meningo-encephalitis and accidentally infects humans by ingestion of uncooked snails, slugs, frogs etc. The child was presented to us with diminished vision in left eye. Slit lamp examination showed an actively motile worm in the anterior chamber. Surgical extraction of the worm was performed and it was identified as A. cantonensis. This is the first case of ocular A. cantonensis infection from India with no signs or symptoms of meningitis. After surgery, the visual acuity of the patient returned to normal.

Published
2006

137. IL-6 triggers cell growth via the Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade

Author

A Ogata, D Chauhan, G Teoh, S P Treon, M Urashima, R L Schlossman, and K C Anderson

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

IL-6 mediates growth of some human multiple myeloma (MM) cells and IL-6-dependent cell lines. Although three IL-6 signaling pathways (STAT1, STAT3, and Ras-dependent MAPK cascade) have been reported, cascades mediating IL-6-triggered growth of MM cells and cell lines are not defined. In this study, we therefore characterized IL-6 signaling cascades in MM cell lines, MM patient cells, and IL-6-dependent B9 cells to determine which pathway mediates IL-6-dependent growth. IL-6 induced phosphorylation of JAK kinases and gp130, regardless of the proliferative response of MM cells to this growth factor. Accordingly, we next examined downstream IL-6 signaling via the STAT3, STAT1, and Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. IL-6 triggered phosphorylation of STAT1 and/or STAT3 in MM cells independent of their proliferative response to IL-6. In contrast, IL-6 induced phosphorylation of Shc and its association with Sos1, as well as phosphorylation of MAPK, only in MM cells and B9 cells that proliferated in response to IL-6. Moreover, MAPK antisense, but not sense, oligonucleotide inhibited IL-6-induced proliferation of these cells. These data suggest that STAT1 and/or STAT3 activation may occur independently of the proliferative response to IL-6, and that activation of the MAPK cascade is an important distal pathway for IL-6-mediated growth.

Published
1997

138. Combined analysis of all three phases of solar neutrino data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author

M. Kos, Peter Watson, L. L. Kormos, Jocelyn Monroe, B. C. Robertson, G. T. Ewan, K. Boudjemline, M. H. Schwendener, M. Huang, E. Guillian, B. Aharmim, T. Kutter, B. G. Nickel, P. J. Doe, F. Zhang, J. R. Leslie, A. W. P. Poon, M. Bergevin, N. Gagnon, J. Law, G. D. Orebi Gann, P.-L. Drouin, Yuen-Dat Chan, K. Graham, F. A. Duncan, S. M. Oser, Hal Evans, N. McCauley, M. L. Miller, B. Beltran, G. Prior, S. D. Reitzner, S. N. Ahmed, R. D. Martin, H. Deng, Christopher C. M. Kyba, Steven Elliott, R. G. H. Robertson, R. J. Ford, C. Kraus, T. Sonley, R. Van Berg, Kai Zuber, P. Jagam, Rachel Rosten, M. Dunford, J. Wendland, S. J. M. Peeters, Olivier Simard, Keith Rielage, A. L. Hallin, A. Krüger, J. F. Wilkerson, G. Doucas, R. W. Ollerhead, A. Hime, N. West, A. J. Noble, C. B. Krauss, W. J. Heintzelman, F. Fleurot, A. E. Anthony, H. Wan Chan Tseung, M. L. Chen, S. Habib, Bei Cai, H. M. O'Keeffe, K. T. Lesko, D. L. Wark, D. Chauhan, Joseph A. Formaggio, Minfang Yeh, J. M. Wouters, Ryuta Hazama, B. T. Cleveland, S. Majerus, J. C. Loach, N. A. Jelley, H. B. Mak, J. Maneira, M. Jerkins, N. Tolich, J. J. Simpson, G. Tešić, J. Tm. Goon, A. B. McDonald, S. McGee, R. L. Hahn, S. D. Biller, R. A. Ott, P. J. Harvey, C. J. Virtue, E. D. Hallman, N. Barros, B.A. VanDevender, C. Howard, J. Farine, J. R. Wilson, J. Heise, T. Tsui, E. W. Beier, M. DiMarco, B. Jamieson, S. Seibert, R. MacLellan, N. S. Oblath, Mark Guy Boulay, R. L. Helmer, J. R. Klein, P. Skensved, X. Dai, J. A. Detwiler, R. Lange, J. A. Secrest, I. T. Lawson, L. C. Stonehill, G. A. Cox, Benjamin Monreal, E. D. Earle, K. J. Keeter, A. Wright, H. Fergani, and Alain Bellerive

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Solar neutrino, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear Experiment, Charged current, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Neutral current, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QC0793, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Neutrino
Abstract

We report results from a combined analysis of solar neutrino data from all phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. By exploiting particle identification information obtained from the proportional counters installed during the third phase, this analysis improved background rejection in that phase of the experiment. The combined analysis resulted in a total flux of active neutrino flavors from 8B decays in the Sun of (5.25 \pm 0.16(stat.)+0.11-0.13(syst.))\times10^6 cm^{-2}s^{-1}. A two-flavor neutrino oscillation analysis yielded \Deltam^2_{21} = (5.6^{+1.9}_{-1.4})\times10^{-5} eV^2 and tan^2{\theta}_{12}= 0.427^{+0.033}_{-0.029}. A three-flavor neutrino oscillation analysis combining this result with results of all other solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment yielded \Deltam^2_{21} = (7.41^{+0.21}_{-0.19})\times10^{-5} eV^2, tan^2{\theta}_{12} = 0.446^{+0.030}_{-0.029}, and sin^2{\theta}_{13} = (2.5^{+1.8}_{-1.5})\times10^{-2}. This implied an upper bound of sin^2{\theta}_{13} < 0.053 at the 95% confidence level (C.L.).

Published
2013

139. Measurement of theνeand total8B solar neutrino fluxes with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory phase-III data set

Author

M. DiMarco, R. J. Ford, R. W. Ollerhead, R. MacLellan, Mark Guy Boulay, P. Jagam, M. H. Schwendener, A. Krüger, B. C. Robertson, J. Tm. Goon, N. Gagnon, G. Doucas, F. Zhang, J. R. Wilson, J. B. Wilhelmy, S. Habib, R. L. Helmer, S. R. Seibert, J. Law, T. Kutter, J. Heise, N. West, P.-L. Drouin, P. Skensved, Hal Evans, F. Fleurot, G. D. Orebi Gann, J. F. Amsbaugh, Ryuta Hazama, H. Wan Chan Tseung, M. L. Miller, A. E. Anthony, J. V. Germani, E. D. Hallman, W. J. Heintzelman, H. Deng, K. M. Heeger, E. Guillian, C. Kraus, S. D. Biller, J. R. Leslie, S. Majerus, Yuen-Dat Chan, K. Boudjemline, K. Graham, M. W.E. Smith, L. L. Kormos, Alain Bellerive, Bernie G. Nickel, J. Wendland, S. M. Oser, S. R. Elliott, G. T. Ewan, Andrew Hime, Joshua R. Klein, A. W. Myers, P. J. Harvey, Juan-Manuel Anaya, J. Banar, K. T. Lesko, Monica Dunford, J. Maneira, M. A. Howe, M. Huang, Reyco Henning, P. M. Thornewell, N. Barros, T. J. Sonley, A. W. P. Poon, S. D. Reitzner, S. N. Ahmed, R. D. Martin, J. J. Simpson, Malcolm M. Fowler, Kai Zuber, T. J. Bowles, C. D. Tunnell, P. J. Doe, G. Tešić, J. A. Formaggio, M. Bergevin, C. A. Duba, N. McCauley, A. Goldschmidt, Bei Cai, Minfang Yeh, E. Rollin, R. G. H. Robertson, R. A. Ott, T.H. Burritt, D. Chauhan, R. Van Berg, H. B. Mak, C. J. Virtue, B. Jamieson, J. F. Wilkerson, T. D. Van Wechel, K. J. Keeter, A. Wright, J. C. Loach, C. Currat, N. A. Jelley, S. J. M. Peeters, T. D. Steiger, M. L. Chen, T. V. Bullard, M. Kos, A. A. Hamian, O. Simard, X. Dai, J. A. Detwiler, R. Lange, G. Prior, C. Howard, E. W. Beier, J. Farine, R. L. Hahn, M. C. Browne, A. J. Noble, L. C. Stonehill, S. McGee, J. M. Wouters, A. B. McDonald, Christopher C. M. Kyba, B. L. Wall, B. T. Cleveland, H. M. O'Keeffe, Keith Rielage, Jocelyn Monroe, B. Aharmim, B. Beltran, A. L. Hallin, C. Mifflin, N. S. Oblath, C. B. Krauss, M. R. Dragowsky, B. A. VanDevender, N. Tolich, Guthrie Miller, B. Morissette, Benjamin Monreal, E. D. Earle, G. C. Harper, F. A. Duncan, J. A. Secrest, I. T. Lawson, D. Waller, G. A. Cox, H. Fergani, and T. Tsui

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Solar energetic particles, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Solar neutrino, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, Charged current, Lepton
Abstract

This paper details the solar neutrino analysis of the 385.17-day phase-III data set acquired by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). An array of He-3 proportional counters was installed in the heavy-water target to measure precisely the rate of neutrino-deuteron neutral-current interactions. This technique to determine the total active B-8 solar neutrino flux was largely independent of the methods employed in previous phases. The total flux of active neutrinos was measured to be 5.54(-0.31)(+0.33)(stat.)(-0.34)(+0.36)(syst.) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), consistent with previous measurements and standard solar models. A global analysis of solar and reactor neutrino mixing parameters yielded the best-fit values of Delta m(2) = 7.59(-0.21)(+0.19) x 10(-5) eV(2) and theta = 34.4(-1.2)(+1.3) degrees. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.87.015502

Published
2013

140. A Search for Astrophysical Burst Signals at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author

P. Skensved, Monica Dunford, J. Maneira, S. J. M. Peeters, A. W. P. Poon, J. Tm. Goon, Jocelyn Monroe, J. A. Secrest, I. T. Lawson, S. Habib, J. Wendland, C. J. Virtue, G. Prior, N. Barros, D. Waller, Yuen-Dat Chan, K. Graham, David A. Sinclair, T. Tsui, G. A. Cox, Kai Zuber, Joseph A. Formaggio, J. Heise, Christopher C. M. Kyba, A. Wright, X. Dai, Minfang Yeh, E. D. Hallman, K. Boudjemline, M. DiMarco, F. Fleurot, J. A. Detwiler, R. Lange, S. M. Oser, Benjamin Monreal, B. Aharmim, E. D. Earle, J. C. Loach, N. A. Jelley, O. Simard, I. Levine, D. Chauhan, C. Kraus, A. E. Anthony, B. Beltran, M. L. Miller, K. J. Keeter, B. C. Robertson, S. D. Reitzner, S. N. Ahmed, S. Majerus, J. F. Wilkerson, N. West, G. Doucas, M. Bergevin, C. B. Krauss, N. S. Oblath, A. Krueger, W. J. Heintzelman, T. Kutter, J. J. Simpson, R. A. Ott, M. H. Schwendener, N. McCauley, T. J. Sonley, P. J. Doe, H. Fergani, P. Jagam, F. Zhang, A. L. Hallin, R. L. Hahn, Keith Rielage, K. T. Lesko, Peter Watson, Alain Bellerive, R. Van Berg, R. J. Ford, Bei Cai, J. Law, N. Tolich, J. R. Wilson, M. Kos, B. T. Cleveland, P.-L. Drouin, R. MacLellan, S. R. Seibert, E. W. Beier, Mark Guy Boulay, Min Chen, H. Wan Chan Tseung, Steven Elliott, L. C. Stonehill, D. L. Wark, Hal Evans, J. M. Wouters, Joshua R. Klein, J. R. Leslie, E. Guillian, A. B. McDonald, B.A. VanDevender, Andrew Hime, C. Howard, J. Farine, A. J. Noble, M. Jerkins, F. A. Duncan, M. Huang, Miriam Diamond, G. Tešić, R. D. Martin, R. G. H. Robertson, H. B. Mak, L. L. Kormos, S. McGee, G. T. Ewan, B. L. Wall, N. Gagnon, R. Hazama, G. D. Orebi Gann, H. Deng, H. M. O'Keeffe, S. D. Biller, R. L. Helmer, Bernie G. Nickel, P. J. Harvey, R.W. Ollerhead, B. Jamieson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Formaggio, Joseph A., Miller, Michael L., Monreal, Benjamin, Monroe, Jocelyn, Solomon-Oblath, Noah, Ott, Richard A., and Sonley, Thomas J.

Subjects
Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, Neutrino detector, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Measurements of neutrino speed, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutrino oscillation, Nuclear Experiment, QC, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) has confirmed the standard solar model and neutrino oscillations through the observation of neutrinos from the solar core. In this paper we present a search for neutrinos associated with sources other than the solar core, such as gamma-ray bursts and solar flares. We present a new method for looking for temporal coincidences between neutrino events and astrophysical bursts of widely varying intensity. No correlations were found between neutrinos detected in SNO and such astrophysical sources., United States. Dept. of Energy, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (U.S.), Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

Published
2013
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141. Transforming growth factor-beta1: differential effects on multiple myeloma versus normal B cells

Author

M Urashima, A Ogata, D Chauhan, M Hatziyanni, MB Vidriales, DA Dedera, RL Schlossman, and KC Anderson

Subjects
stomatognathic system, Immunology, hemic and immune systems, Cell Biology, Hematology, Biochemistry
Abstract

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a product of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), is a growth factor for multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is also produced by BMSCs and can regulate IL- 6 secretion by several tissues, including BMSCs. The present study was designed to characterize in vitro tumor growth regulation by TGF-beta1 in MM. Sorted CD38+CD45RA- MM cells secreted significantly more TGF- beta1 (8.2 +/- 2.0 ng/mL) than peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P < .001), splenic B cells (P < .001), and CD40 ligand (CD40L) pretreated B cells (P < .05). TGF-beta1 secretion by MM-BMMCs (3.8 +/- 0.9 ng/mL) was significantly greater than by N-BMMCs (1.2 +/- 0.1 ng/mL, P < .001). MM-BMSCs also secreted significantly more TGF-beta1 (6.6 +/- 2.5 ng/mL, n = 11) than N-BMSCs (4.4 +/- 0.6 ng/mL, P < .02, n = 10) and N- BMSC lines (3.9 +/- 0.2 ng/mL, P < .02, n = 6). TGF-beta1 secretion was correlated with IL-6 secretion in MM-BMSCs. Anti-TGF-beta1 monoclonal antibody both blocked IL-6 secretion by BMSCs and inhibited the increments in IL-6 secretion by BMSCs induced by MM cell adhesion. Moreover, exogenous TGF-beta1 upregulated IL-6 secretion by MM-BMSCs, normal BMSCs, and CD38+ CD45RA- MM cells, as well as tumor cell proliferation. This is in contrast to the inhibitory effect of TGF- beta1 on proliferation and Ig secretion of normal splenic B cells. Finally, retinoblastoma proteins (pRB) are constitutively phosphorylated in MM cells; TGF-beta1 either did not alter or increased pRB phosphorylation. pRB are dephosphorylated in splenic B cells and phosphorylated in CD40L triggered B cells in contrast to its effects on MM cells, TGF-beta1 decreased phosphorylation of pRB in CD40L treated B cells. These results suggest that TGF-beta1 is produced in MM by both tumor cells and BMSCs, with related tumore cell growth. Moreover, MM cell growth may be enhanced by resistance of tumor cells to the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta1 on normal B-cell proliferation and Ig secretion.

Published
1996

142. Post Silicon Validation of Digital Radio Interfaces

Author

Sharad Kumar, M. Sharma, and D. Chauhan

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Interface (computing), Digital radio, Post-silicon validation, Hardware_GENERAL, Embedded system, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Baseband, System on a chip, Transceiver, Baseband processor, Field-programmable gate array, business
Abstract

Today, a baseband processor based SoC in the Femtocell domain of devices typically supports a digital radio interface. In an actual system, analog transceivers are connected to these baseband SoCs which are further connected to antennas. Due to complexity of an analog transceiver it is extremely difficult to validate and debug digital radio interfaces. Additionally, this requires complex software and expensive hardware equipment to ensure correct operation. In this paper, we describe a hardware and software methodology that allows for low cost post silicon validation of digital radio interfaces using an FPGA. These techniques helped us achieve the desired post silicon functional coverage that ensured high quality of the designed SoC.

Published
2012

144. Arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglion

Author

Nirlepsinh S. Thakor, Ushma K. Butala, Vikram D. Chauhan, and Mihir R. Patel

Subjects
030222 orthopedics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Arthroscopy, Cosmesis, 030229 sport sciences, Wrist, Wrist pain, medicine.disease, Surgery, Ganglion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Patient satisfaction, Synovitis, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Range of motion
Abstract

Background: The management of dorsal wrist ganglion ranges from benign neglect to surgical excision. The purpose of this study was to study the results of arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglion.Methods: Twenty one patients who had undergone arthroscopic dorsal wrist ganglion excision and a minimum of 3 months follow up were included. The preoperative complaint of cosmesis, pain, and duration of swelling, wrist range of motion and size of the ganglion were noted. The duration the patient took to return to a painless wrist with full range of motion was noted. Patient satisfaction with respect to cosmesis and function was noted.Results: The mean age was 23.3 years (range: 13 to 35 years). Pre-operative wrist pain was present in 17 patients and cosmesis was a complaint in 18 patients. 5 patients had a pre-operative restricted range of motion. The mean duration and size of the ganglion was 2.6 months (range: 2 to 4 months) and1.8cm (range: 1 to 3 cm) respectively. The mean duration of follow up was 14.6 months (range: 3 to 24 months). Arthroscopically, dorsal synovitis was present in 10 patients, triangular-fibro-cartilage-complex (TFCC) tear in 2 patients and chondral damage in 1 patient. The ganglion stalk was visualized in 14 patients. Complete painless wrist range of motion was obtained by 20 patients by 3 weeks post-operative. One patient had a recurrence. All the remaining patients were satisfied cosmetically and functionally with the results.Conclusions: Arthroscopic resection is an effective treatment modality for symptomatic dorsal wrist ganglion with good functional and cosmetic results.

Published
2016

146. Absence of biologically important Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus gene products and virus-specific cellular immune responses in multiple myeloma

Author

Faith E. Davies, Teru Hideshima, Christian Brander, Kenneth C. Anderson, David T. Scadden, D Chauhan, Jeffrey N. Martin, Paula G. O'Connor, Dean H. Kedes, Jennifer K. Davis, Bruce D. Walker, Noopur Raje, and Dennis Osmond

Subjects
Cellular immunity, viruses, Immunology, Bone Marrow Cells, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Virus, Herpesviridae, Gene product, Immune system, Antigen, Immunopathology, medicine, Humans, Antigens, Viral, Immunity, Cellular, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, virus diseases, Herpesviridae Infections, Cell Biology, Hematology, Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic, Virology, CTL, Herpesvirus 8, Human, RNA, Viral, Stromal Cells, Multiple Myeloma, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Abstract

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been associated with several diseases, but the association between KSHV and multiple myeloma (MM) remains controversial. To address this issue, we studied patients with MM for the presence of viral RNA transcripts as well as KSHV-specific cellular immune responses. Highly sensitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of viral transcripts of KSHV open reading frame (ORF) 26, ORF72, and ORF74 did not detect viral gene transcripts in long-term cultures of bone marrow stromal cells from 23 patients with MM. Moreover, sensitive assays for KSHV ORF65–specific and ORF73-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity that readily and routinely detect CTLs specific for ORF65 and ORF73 in patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus and KSHV did not show any specific responses in 16 patients with MM, despite the presence of positive Epstein-Barr virus–specific CTLs in all cases. These data therefore do not show a biologically important association between ongoing KSHV infection and MM.

Published
2002

147. Retrospective, observational data collection of the treatment of phenylketonuria in the UK, and associated clinical and health outcomes

Author

M. Nathan, L Parkes, D. Chauhan, A. MacDonald, and K. Nanuwa

Subjects
Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Phenylalanine, Adult population, Target range, Health outcomes, Sex Factors, Pregnancy, Chart review, Phenylketonurias, Medicine, Humans, Child, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Data Collection, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Treatment strategy, Patient Compliance, Observational study, Female, business
Abstract

To determine the percentage of phenylketonuria (PKU) subjects using current treatment strategies whose phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations diverge from the UK target guidelines for PKU.This retrospective, observational, chart review was conducted between 2004 and 2008 at three specialist PKU treatment centres in the UK, and included 125 eligible subjects: 20 adults (18+ years, with ≥4 Phe concentrations measured per year) and 105 children (up to age 17, with ≥6 Phe concentrations measured per year).The mean percentage of subjects with at least 70% of Phe concentrations within the target range for 0-5-year olds, 6-10 year olds and 11-17 year olds was similar across the period 2004-2008 (57.0%, 56.5% and 57.1%, respectively) and lower (39.4%) in the 18+ year age group. For all ages, across the period the mean was 54.4%. Further analysis of the adult population showed that some subjects were very good at complying with treatment and reporting Phe concentrations. Overall, the percentage of 100% compliance was 15.7% in females and 13.7% in males. The mean duration that subjects were 'out of range' of target Phe concentrations over the study period was approximately 1 year and 3 months and the mean duration for 'significantly out of range' values was approximately 9 months. The most common type of contact made with subjects was by telephone, with a mean number of 16 calls per subject per year.The results support current literature showing that a proportion of subjects with PKU, in particular older subjects, are not fully compliant with their treatment and subsequently have Phe concentrations that depart from national recommendations. However, definitive conclusions may not be drawn due to the retrospective nature of the study and the small number of observed subjects.

Published
2011

148. LOW-MULTIPLICITY BURST SEARCH AT THE SUDBURY NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY

Author

J. A. Secrest, G. T. Ewan, E. Guillian, B. C. Robertson, G. Doucas, T. Kutter, S. D. Biller, J. J. Simpson, Bernie G. Nickel, F. Fleurot, A. E. Anthony, P. J. Harvey, N. West, C. J. Virtue, T. Tsui, W. J. Heintzelman, R. A. Ott, Benjamin Monreal, E. D. Earle, M. Huang, K. T. Lesko, K. Boudjemline, Monica Dunford, N. Barros, Hal Evans, E. D. Hallman, M. L. Miller, J. Maneira, S. R. Seibert, Christopher C. M. Kyba, B. Beltran, A. W. P. Poon, T. J. Sonley, Keith Rielage, M. Kos, S. D. Reitzner, S. N. Ahmed, Joseph A. Formaggio, R. D. Martin, Minfang Yeh, J. R. Wilson, G. Prior, R. G. H. Robertson, Joshua R. Klein, J. R. Leslie, J. Heise, J. C. Loach, N. A. Jelley, N. Gagnon, G. Tešić, H. M. O'Keeffe, R. J. Ford, H. Fergani, A. Wright, R. Hazama, G. D. Orebi Gann, Bei Cai, E. W. Beier, S. Habib, A. L. Hallin, Steven Elliott, R. MacLellan, R. L. Helmer, H. Deng, Jocelyn Monroe, H. B. Mak, B.A. VanDevender, Mark Guy Boulay, O. Simard, C. Howard, J. Farine, B. Aharmim, M. Jerkins, A. J. Noble, C. B. Krauss, N. S. Oblath, J. F. Wilkerson, David A. Sinclair, S. J. M. Peeters, C. Kraus, Peter Watson, J. T.M. Goon, Yuen-Dat Chan, F. A. Duncan, K. Graham, D. Chauhan, S. M. Oser, N. Tolich, P. Skensved, A. B. McDonald, L. C. Stonehill, and K. Zuber, R. L. Hahn, H. Wan Chan Tseung, B. T. Cleveland, M. Bergevin, Alain Bellerive, X. Dai, J. A. Detwiler, N. McCauley, R. Van Berg, B. Jamieson, M. L. Chen, S. Majerus, Andrew Hime, M. H. Schwendener, F. Zhang, J. Law, and P.-L. Drouin

Subjects
Physics, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Elementary particle, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Massless particle, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, Multiplicity (chemistry), 010306 general physics
Abstract

Results are reported from a search for low-multiplicity neutrino bursts in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). Such bursts could indicate detection of a nearby core-collapse supernova explosion. The data were taken from Phase I (November 1999 - May 2001), when the detector was filled with heavy water, and Phase II (July 2001 - August 2003), when NaCl was added to the target. The search was a blind analysis in which the potential backgrounds were estimated and analysis cuts were developed to eliminate such backgrounds with 90% confidence before the data were examined. The search maintained a greater than 50% detection probability for standard supernovae occurring at a distance of up to 60 kpc for Phase I and up to 70 kpc for Phase II. No low-multiplicity bursts were observed during the data-taking period., 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ

Published
2011

149. Upsilon production cross section in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Author

Khachatryan, V. Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. and Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Eroe, J. Fabjan, C. Friedl, M. Fruehwirth, R. Ghete, V. M. Hammer, J. Haensel, S. and Hartl, C. Hoch, M. Hoermann, N. Hrubec, J. Jeitler, M. Kasieczka, G. Kiesenhofer, W. Krammer, M. Liko, D. and Mikulec, I. Pernicka, M. Rohringer, H. Schoefbeck, R. and Strauss, J. Taurok, A. Teischinger, F. Waltenberger, W. and Walzel, G. Widl, E. Wulz, C. -E. Mossolov, V. and Shumeiko, N. Gonzalez, J. Suarez Benucci, L. Ceard, L. and Cerny, K. De Wolf, E. A. Janssen, X. Maes, T. Mucibello, L. Ochesanu, S. Roland, B. Rougny, R. Selvaggi, M. and Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Remortel, N. Adler, V. Beauceron, S. Blekman, F. Blyweert, S. D'Hondt, J. and Devroede, O. Suarez, R. Gonzalez Kalogeropoulos, A. and Maes, J. Maes, M. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Van Onsem, G. P. Villella, I. Charaf, O. and Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Dero, V. Gay, A. P. R. and Hammad, G. H. Hreus, T. Marage, P. E. Thomas, L. Velde, C. Vander Vanlaer, P. Wickens, J. Costantini, S. and Grunewald, M. Klein, B. Marinov, A. Mccartin, J. and Ryckbosch, D. Thyssen, F. Tytgat, M. Vanelderen, L. and Verwilligen, P. Walsh, S. Zaganidis, N. Basegmez, S. and Bruno, G. Caudron, J. De Jeneret, J. De Favereau Delaere, C. and Demin, P. Favart, D. Giammanco, A. Gregoire, G. and Hollar, J. Lemaitre, V. Liao, J. Militaru, O. Ovyn, S. and Pagano, D. Pin, A. Piotrzkowski, K. Quertenmont, L. and Schul, N. Beliy, N. Caebergs, T. Daubie, E. Alves, G. A. and De Jesus Damiao, D. Pol, M. E. Souza, M. H. G. Carvalho, W. Da Costa, E. M. De Oliveira Martins, C. Fonseca De Souza, S. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Oguri, V. Prado Da Silva, W. L. and Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S. M. Sznajder, A. Dias, F. A. Dias, M. A. F. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Gregores, E. M. Marinho, F. Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Darmenov, N. Dimitrov, L. Genchev, V. Iaydjiev, P. Piperov, S. and Rodozov, M. Stoykova, S. Sultanov, G. Tcholakov, V. and Trayanov, R. Vankov, I. Dyulendarova, M. Hadjiiska, R. and Kozhuharov, V. Litov, L. Marinova, E. Mateev, M. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Bian, J. G. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. and Jiang, C. H. Liang, D. Liang, S. Wang, J. Wang, J. and Wang, X. Wang, Z. Xu, M. Yang, M. Zang, J. Zhang, Z. and Ban, Y. Guo, S. Li, W. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Teng, H. Zhang, L. Zhu, B. Cabrera, A. Gomez Moreno, B. and Ocampo Rios, A. A. Osorio Oliveros, A. F. Sanabria, J. C. and Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Lelas, K. Plestina, R. Polic, D. and Puljak, I. Antunovic, Z. Dzelalija, M. Brigljevic, V. and Duric, S. Kadija, K. Morovic, S. Attikis, A. and Galanti, M. Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. Razis, P. A. Rykaczewski, H. Assran, Y. Mahmoud, M. A. Hektor, A. and Kadastik, M. Kannike, K. Muentel, M. Raidal, M. and Rebane, L. Azzolini, V. Eerola, P. Czellar, S. Harkonen, J. Heikkinen, A. Karimaki, V. Kinnunen, R. Klem, J. and Kortelainen, M. J. Lampen, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. and Linden, T. Luukka, P. Maenpaa, T. Tuominen, E. and Tuominiemi, J. Tuovinen, E. Ungaro, D. Wendland, L. and Banzuzi, K. Korpela, A. Tuuva, T. Sillou, D. Besancon, M. Choudhury, S. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Fabbro, B. and Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Gentit, F. X. and Givernaud, A. Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Jarry, P. and Locci, E. Malcles, J. Marionneau, M. Millischer, L. and Rander, J. Rosowsky, A. Shreyber, I. Titov, M. and Verrecchia, P. Baffioni, S. Beaudette, F. Bianchini, L. and Bluj, M. Broutin, C. Busson, P. Charlot, C. Dahms, T. and Dobrzynski, L. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Haguenauer, M. and Mine, P. Mironov, C. Ochando, C. Paganini, P. Sabes, D. and Salerno, R. Sirois, Y. Thiebaux, C. Wyslouch, B. and Zabi, A. Agram, J. -L. Andrea, J. Besson, A. Bloch, D. and Bodin, D. Brom, J. -M. Cardaci, M. Chabert, E. C. and Collard, C. Conte, E. Drouhin, F. Ferro, C. Fontaine, J. -C. Gele, D. Goerlach, U. Greder, S. Juillot, P. and Karim, M. Le Bihan, A. -C. Mikami, Y. Van Hove, P. and Fassi, F. 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Abstract

The Y(1S), Y(2S), and Y(3S) production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV are measured using a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.1 +/- 0.3 pb(-1). Integrated over the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 2, we find the product of the Y(1S) production cross section and branching fraction to dimuons to be sigma(pp -> Y(1S)X) center dot B(Y(1S) -> mu(+)mu(-)) = 7.37 +/- 0.13(-0.42)(+0.61) +/- 0.81 nb, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is associated with the estimation of the integrated luminosity of the data sample. This cross section is obtained assuming unpolarized Y(1S) production. With the assumption of fully transverse or fully longitudinal production polarization, the measured cross section changes by about 20%. We also report the measurement of the Y(1S), Y(2S), and Y(3S) differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity.

Published
2011

150. Inclusive b-hadron production cross section with muons in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Author

Khachatryan, V. Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. and Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Eroe, J. Fabjan, C. Friedl, M. Fruehwirth, R. Ghete, V. M. Hammer, J. Haensel, S. and Hartl, C. Hoch, M. Hoermann, N. Hrubec, J. Jeitler, M. Kasieczka, G. Kiesenhofer, W. Krammer, M. Liko, D. and Mikulec, I. Pernicka, M. Rohringer, H. Schoefbeck, R. and Strauss, J. Taurok, A. Teischinger, F. Wagner, P. and Waltenberger, W. Walzel, G. Widl, E. Wulz, C. -E. and Mossolov, V. Shumeiko, N. Gonzalez, J. Suarez Benucci, L. and Cerny, K. De Wolf, E. A. Janssen, X. Maes, T. and Mucibello, L. Ochesanu, S. Roland, B. Rougny, R. and Selvaggi, M. Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Remortel, N. Adler, V. Beauceron, S. Blekman, F. and Blyweert, S. D'Hondt, J. Devroede, O. Suarez, R. Gonzalez and Kalogeropoulos, A. Maes, J. Maes, M. Tavernier, S. and Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Van Onsem, G. P. Villella, I. Charaf, O. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Dero, V. and Gay, A. P. R. Hammad, G. H. Hreus, T. Marage, P. E. and Thomas, L. Velde, C. Vander Vanlaer, P. Wickens, J. and Costantini, S. Grunewald, M. Klein, B. Marinov, A. and McCartin, J. Ryckbosch, D. Thyssen, F. Tytgat, M. and Vanelderen, L. Verwilligen, P. Walsh, S. Zaganidis, N. and Basegmez, S. Bruno, G. Caudron, J. Ceard, L. De Jeneret, J. De Favereau Delaere, C. Demin, P. Favart, D. and Giammanco, A. Gregoire, G. Hollar, J. Lemaitre, V. Liao, J. Militaru, O. Ovyn, S. Pagano, D. Pin, A. and Piotrzkowski, K. Schul, N. Beliy, N. Caebergs, T. and Daubie, E. Alves, G. A. De Jesus Damiao, D. Pol, M. E. and Souza, M. H. G. Carvalho, W. Da Costa, E. M. De Oliveira Martins, C. Fonseca De Souza, S. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. and Oguri, V. Prado Da Silva, W. L. Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S. M. Sznajder, A. Dias, F. A. Dias, M. A. F. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Gregores, E. M. Marinho, F. Novaes, S. F. and Padula, Sandra S. Darmenov, N. Dimitrov, L. Genchev, V. and Iaydjiev, P. Piperov, S. Rodozov, M. Stoykova, S. and Sultanov, G. Tcholakov, V. Trayanov, R. Vankov, I. and Dyulendarova, M. Hadjiiska, R. Kozhuharov, V. Litov, L. and Marinova, E. Mateev, M. Pavlov, B. Bian, J. G. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Jiang, C. H. Liang, D. Liang, S. and Wang, J. Wang, J. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Xu, M. Yang, M. and Zang, J. Zhang, Z. Ban, Y. Guo, S. Guo, Y. Li, W. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Teng, H. Zhang, L. Zhu, B. and Zou, W. Cabrera, A. Gomez Moreno, B. Ocampo Rios, A. A. and Osorio Oliveros, A. F. Sanabria, J. C. Godinovic, N. and Lelas, D. Lelas, K. Plestina, R. Polic, D. Puljak, I. and Antunovic, Z. Dzelalija, M. Brigljevic, V. Duric, S. and Kadija, K. Morovic, S. Attikis, A. Galanti, M. Mousa, J. and Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. Razis, P. A. Rykaczewski, H. and Assran, Y. Mahmoud, M. A. Hektor, A. Kadastik, M. and Kannike, K. Muentel, M. Raidal, M. Rebane, L. Azzolini, V. Eerola, P. Czellar, S. Harkonen, J. Heikkinen, A. and Karimaki, V. Kinnunen, R. Klem, J. Kortelainen, M. J. and Lampen, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. 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Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A measurement of the b-hadron production cross section in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV is presented. The dataset, corresponding to 85 nb(-1), was recorded with the CMS experiment at the LHC using a low-threshold single-muon trigger. Events are selected by the presence of a muon with transverse momentum p(T)(mu) > 6 GeV with respect to the beam direction and pseudorapidity vertical bar eta(mu)vertical bar < 2.1. The transverse momentum of the muon with respect to the closest jet discriminates events containing b hadrons from background. The inclusive b-hadron production cross section is presented as a function of muon transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The measured total cross section in the kinematic acceptance is sigma(pp -> b + X -> mu + X’) = 1.32 +/- 0.01(stat) +/- 0: 30(syst) +/- 0.15(lumi)mu b.

Published
2011

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