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A estética do sorriso é uma fonte da autoestima e possui um papel fundamental na sociedade. A exposição gengival excessiva ao sorrir é uma queixa estética recorrente no consultório odontológico. Considera-se sorriso gengival a exposição gengival maior que três mm da margem gengival até a linha do lábio superior durante o sorriso espontâneo. O sorriso gengival tem diversas etiologias e pode se apresentar isoladamente ou de forma combinada. O tratamento a ser empregado depende diretamente do fator etiológico. O presente relato de caso tem por objetivo apresentar uma opção terapêutica de um sorriso gengival de etiologia combinada, decorrente do excesso vertical de maxila, hipermobilidade do lábio superior e erupção passiva alterada. O tratamento proposto envolve a aplicação de toxina botulínica do tipo A nos músculos elevadores do lábio superior e o aumento de coroa clínica. A abordagem terapêutica de escolha é uma opção menos invasiva e de resultados satisfatórios. O reconhecimento da etiologia do sorriso gengival direciona a escolha do método de tratamento e garante um resultado clínico adequado, devolvendo ao paciente a estética e a autoestima.

O advento da pandemia de Covid-19 trouxe uma enorme crise social e econômica como consequência das medidas de controle de disseminação do vírus. No Brasil, o direito à educação previsto na Constituição foi significantemente afetado com a migração de alunos de escolas particulares para a rede pública de ensino. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os dados do censo escolar para verificar esta migração. Para cumprir este objetivo, a pesquisa utiliza abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, com dados obtidos do Consulta Matrículas do INEP no lapso temporal de 2017 a 2020 no estado do Paraná, como também de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental relacionada ao tema. Identificou-se que a obrigatoriedade da educação pública foi construída desde a Constituição de 1824 e aperfeiçoada na Carta Magna de 1988. Outrossim, foi identificado discreto aumento de matrículas na rede pública de ensino paranaense em 2020, quebrando uma sequência de quedas desde 2017. Sugere-se o aprofundamento do estudo para verificar a evasão escolar decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19.

O artigo objetiva reconhecer a importância das categorias infância, vulnerabilidade infantil e (de)colonialidade educativa e apresentar propostas educativas na perspectiva decolonial a partir de leituras reflexivas nascidas no continente latino-americano e caribenho. Através de revisão bibliográfica e análise crítica, as autoras ressaltam aspectos significativos da história da infância no continente, antes e depois da chegada dos colonizadores. Busca-se abordar as relações tecidas por violências, vulnerabilidades e desigualdades de acesso e desenvolvimento, envolvendo crianças em seus diferentes contextos, oriundas das leituras de infância construídas pelos adultos. Neste sentido, (de)colonizar a ideia de infância na educação latino-americana e caribenha tem o intuito de promover novos olhares em relação às crianças em sua totalidade. Um caminho de análise para apreender o nascimento e evolução da ideia de infância, assim como as marcas de (de)colonialidade e vulnerabilização que nela existem, é a revisão das ideias e práticas educativas institucionalizadas ao longo da história. No caso da América Latina e Caribe, essa abordagem pode ser realizada com a aproximação às ideias e práticas educativas surgidas e/ou impostas no continente.

Reader response theory provides the framework for the present study that explored literary elements and cultural responses of fifth-grade students to two modified versions of a cross-cultural text, "Homesick: My Own Story" by Jean Fritz. One group of students read the first chapter of the book and another group read a modified basal reader version that had deleted cultural information. Group discussions of the texts were videotaped and transcribed. Through constant comparative analysis of field notes and transcripts, two themes emerged: (a) personal interest and connections to stories and (b) cultural implications and misinterpretations.

This survey of a national Canadian sample examines the associations between individual- and community-level factors with arrest by police. Indigenous Peoples were more than twice as likely to have been arrested than White people. Indigenous Peoples living in Indigenous enclaves were nearly five times as likely to be arrested than White people in similar communities. And Indigenous females who lived in Indigenous enclaves were nearly 20 times more likely to be arrested than otherwise similar, White females. Indigenous males in these communities were also disadvantaged relative to their White counterparts. These findings strongly suggest that over-policing contributes to the overrepresentation of Indigenous Peoples across the Canadian criminal legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystallographic structure of the FolB enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtFolB), complexed with its inhibitor 8-mercaptoguanine (8-MG), was elucidated at a resolution of 1.95 Å. A novel series of S8-functionalized 8-MG derivatives were synthesised and evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of dihydroneopterin aldolase (DHNA, EC 4.1.2.25) activity of MtFolB. These compounds exhibited IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Evaluation of the activity for five compounds indicated their inhibition mode and inhibition constants. Molecular docking analyses were performed to determine the enzyme-inhibitor intermolecular interactions and ligand conformations upon complex formation. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain were evaluated. Compound 3e exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration in the micromolar range. Finally, Compound 3e showed no apparent toxicity in both HepG2 and Vero cells. The findings presented herein will advance the quest for novel, specific inhibitors targeting MtFolB, an attractive molecular target for TB drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US Census states that Americans under the age of five are a majority- minority with 50.2% of this population from minority backgrounds. As our country continues to grow as a rich, diverse multicultural nation, it is imperative that early childhood teacher educators prepare future teachers to embrace this diversity and provide experiences that affirm all students, families and communities. In our past work, we (teacher educators) synthesized the current research into five frameworks that we believe embody the foundation of culturally responsive teaching (CRT) in an early childhood setting. In this article, we review the previous frames and continue this work with additional frameworks that are imperative for developing a culturally responsive early childhood educators and their future classrooms. We situate each framework within the larger context of research, and then we move beyond discussing CRT practices by offering ideas on how culturally responsive classrooms look and how to implement this pedagogy in an early childhood setting with authentic classroom practices.

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, students, families, and educators have faced unprecedented challenges. These challenges have disproportionately impacted racially/ethnically diverse, low-income communities because of long-standing health system, socioeconomic, and educational inequities. With closures of schools, libraries, and childcare centers, many students were disconnected from their community and did not have access to books. Parents' and educators' concerns centered around students falling behind academically and socially. In this article, we explain the motivation and rationale for a social justice initiative to provide students of color from low-poverty areas with access to high-quality multicultural children's literature at home. We describe our literacy partnership with a local after-school program serving participant students and families, research underpinning the initiative, and our process for selecting high-quality multicultural literature book sets and offer suggestions about how to facilitate comprehension and motivational support for home-based reading. We also offer a list of recommended literature and discuss outcomes and implications of this project.

Purpose – The aim is to enable debates about the need for changes in the restaurant's management posture regarding food waste. Design/methodology/approach – This study is a teaching case about a restaurant and was prepared based on information collected from the authors' experiences in teaching, consulting, and academic research. The plot, company name, and characters are fictitious. Findings – The results are related to the classroom application to promote discussion and knowledge of topics such as finance, costs, sustainability, food waste, and the Demonstration of Results for the Exercise. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation is that it is a fictitious study, but it allows applied research based on the authors' scientific knowledge and professional practice. Practical implications – The theme contributes to anchoring decision-making by managers in the face of day-to-day business challenges. Furthermore, in a contemporary perspective, it involves a small establishment concerning the possibilities of contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, due to the richness of details, the case constitutes an intriguing teaching tool to be applied in the classroom. Social implications – It impacts social actions, according to the examples found in the narrative used in the teaching case. Originality/value – Its originality is related to its interdisciplinarity and how it involves the themes of finance and sustainability applied in business practice.

Abstract Objective: to measure the prevalence of prematurity according to the Brazilian macro-regions and maternal characteristics over the past 11 years; to compare the proportions during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) with those of the historical series (2011-2019). Methods: this was an ecological study, with data from the Live Birth Information System; the prevalence was calculated according to year, macro-region and maternal characteristics; time series analysis was performed using Prais-Winsten regression model. Results: the prevalence of preterm birth in 2011-2021 was 11.1%, stable; the average in the pandemic period 11.3% (95%CI 11.2;11.4%) was similar to that of the base period 11.0% (95%CI 10.6;11.5%); the North region (11.6%) showed the highest proportion between 2011 and 2021; twin pregnancy (56.3%) and pregnant women who had 4-6 prenatal care visits (16.7%) showed an increasing trend (p-value < 0.001); the highest prevalence was observed for extremes of maternal age, pregnant women of Black race/skin color, indigenous women and those with lower level of education. Conclusion: preterm birth rates were highest for socially vulnerable pregnant women, twin pregnancies and in the North; stable prevalence, with no difference between periods.

A pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar os reflexos da pandemia da COVID-19 na situação econômico-financeira das Fundações de Apoio vinculadas à UFSC. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva com abordagem qualitativa por meio de pesquisa documental. O banco de dados da pesquisa contempla demonstrações contábeis, relatórios de gestão, relatórios de auditoria e notas explicativas do período entre 2017 a 2020. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que as três Fundações - FAPEU, FEPESE e FEESC - apresentaram em 2020, indicadores econômico-financeiros inferiores aos anos anteriores, com redução relevante em várias contas do balanço patrimonial e da demonstração de resultado. Também houve reflexos na operação, com a redução de volume de compras, demissões de colaboradores e demora nos repasses de recursos e resultados deficitários. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que houve um agravamento na situação econômico-financeira das fundações, visto que todas as fundações tiveram redução significativa, principalmente de contratos de projetos. Nesse cenário de crise econômica e de Pandemia da COVID-19, o acompanhamento da situação econômico-financeira das fundações é fundamental, visto que desempenham papel importante no apoio e fomento aos projetos e atividades multidisciplinares acadêmicas e de extensão, gerando benefícios para a sociedade.

Aggrecan (ACAN) is localized in the intervertebral disc (IVD) in unique compartment-specific patterns where it contributes to the tissue structure and mechanical function together with collagens. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the IVD undergoes degenerative changes during aging, misuse or trauma, which inevitably alter the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the tissue. A deeper understanding of these processes can be achieved in genetically engineered mouse models, taking into account the multifaceted aspects of IVD development. In this study, we generated aggrecan insertion mutant mice (AcaniE5/iE5) by interrupting exon 5 coding for the G1 domain of ACAN, and analyzed the morphological and mechanical properties of the different IVD compartments during embryonic development. Western blotting using an antibody against the total core protein failed to detect ACAN in cartilage extracts, whereas immunohistochemistry by a G1-specific antibody showed weak signals in vertebral tissues of AcaniE5/iE5 mice. Homozygous mutant mice are perinatally lethal and characterized by short snout, cleft palate and disproportionate dwarfism. Whole-mount skeletal staining and µ-CT analysis of AcaniE5/iE5 mice at embryonic day 18.5 revealed compressed vertebral bodies with accelerated mineralization compared to wild type controls. In AcaniE5/iE5 mice, histochemical staining revealed collapsed extracellular matrix with negligible sulfated glycosaminoglycan content accompanied by a high cellular density. Collagen type II deposition was not impaired in the IVD of AcaniE5/iE5 mice, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Mutant mice developed a severe IVD phenotype with deformed nucleus pulposus and thinned cartilaginous endplates accompanied by a disrupted growth plate structure in the vertebral body. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging demonstrated a denser collagen network with thinner fibrils in the mutant IVD zones compared to wild type. Nanoscale AFM indentation revealed bimodal stiffness distribution attributable to the softer proteoglycan moiety and harder collagenous fibrils of the wild type IVD ECM. In AcaniE5/iE5 mice, loss of aggrecan resulted in a marked shift of the Young’s modulus to higher values in all IVD zones. In conclusion, we demonstrated that aggrecan is pivotal for the determination and maintenance of the proper stiffness of IVD and vertebral tissues, which in turn could play an essential role in providing developmental biomechanical cues.

Swines raised in intensive systems are highly susceptible to claw lesions. Moderate to severe lesions trigger an inflammatory response, causing pain and impairing reproductive and economic performance. Foot lesions in sows can cause considerable losses owing to reduced fertility and herd longevity. Proper diagnosis is an important step in correcting this problem; however, the seriousness of the impact of these lesions on swine herds remains unclear to most farm owners. Health monitoring has become an essential tool for veterinarians because it enables the detection of disease incidence and severity. In this study, we assessed claw lesions in sows reared under an intensive system to ascertain the prevalence and severity of lesions in Brazilian herds. The hind limb claws of 2,660 sows from 30 farms were examined for the following lesions: heel overgrowth and erosion (HOE), heel-sole cracks, white line lesions (WL), horizontal and vertical cracks in the toe wall, overgrown toes, and overgrown or missing dew claws. Claws were classified as normal (score = 0), mild (score = 1), moderate (score = 2), or severe (score = 3). At least one type of lesion was observed in 99.1% of the sows, whereas 29.7% displayed severe lesions. HOE was the most common lesion (89.9% of sows) and severe WL was observed in 16.8% of the sows. Lesions increased in prevalence and severity with parity, except for WL In young females, lesions on the volar surface were more common than those on cracked walls or overgrown toes, which should be considered when selecting gilts for breeding. A high prevalence of claw lesions was observed in Brazilian sows. Monitoring of these lesions is fast and simple. Regular monitoring provides information on claw health in a herd over time, allowing us to take measures to control and treat claw lesions, avoiding worsening of the problem, early culling of animals, and the associated productive and economic losses.

Background: Due to the anatomical complexity of the root canal system, irrigation plays an essential role in endodontics. This in vitro study was sought to compare the removal of the smear layer (RSL) promoted by conventional irrigation (CI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI) with 17% EDTA, by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material and Methods: Forty single-rooted human mandibular canines were instrumented and randomly assigned to four groups (n=10), according to the irrigation protocol aiming to the RSL: CG (control group) —conventional irrigation with distilled water; CI— conventional irrigation with 17% EDTA; PUI —passive ultrasonic irrigation with 17% EDTA; CUI— continuous ultrasonic irrigation with 17% EDTA. Hemisections from each sample were obtained, and images of each root canal third (cervical, middle and apical) were captured at 1000 X magnification by SEM. Three previously calibrated and blinded evaluators classified the RSL, according to the criteria proposed by Torabinejad et al.: small or no smear layer (all dentinal tubules were clean and open); 2 = moderate smear layer (no smear layer on the surface of root canal, but dentinal tubules contained debris); 3 = dense smear layer (covering practically all dentinal tubules entrances). Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests (p

The aquatic environment represents an adequate and safe alternative for children with overweight to exercise. However, the magnitude of the vertical ground reaction force (Fz) during these exercises is unknown in this population. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the Fz during the stationary running exercise between the aquatic and land environments in children with overweight or obesity. The study is characterized as a cross-over study. Seven children, two with overweight and five with obesity (4 boys and 3 girls; 9.7 ± 0.8 years), performed two experimental sessions, one on land and another in the aquatic environment. In both conditions, each participant performed 15 repetitions of the stationary running exercise at three different cadences (60, 80, and 100 b min−1) in a randomized order. Their apparent weight was reduced by 72.1 ± 10.4% on average at the xiphoid process depth. The peak Fz, impulse, and loading rate were lower in the aquatic environment than on land (p < 0.001). Peak Fz was also lower at 80 b min−1 compared to 100 b min−1 (p = 0.005) and loading rate was higher at 100 b min−1 compared to 80 b min−1 (p = 0.003) and 60 b min−1 (p < 0.001) in the aquatic environment, whereas impulse was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) with the increasing cadence in both environments. It can be concluded that the aquatic environment reduces all the Fz outcomes investigated during stationary running and that exercise intensity seems to influence all these outcomes in the aquatic environment.

Objective This study investigated changes in kidney histology over time in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) undergoing immunosuppressive treatment.Methods Patients with proliferative±membranous LN were studied. After a diagnostic kidney biopsy (Bx1), patients had protocol biopsy 2 (Bx2) at 9 (6–15) months and protocol biopsy 3 (Bx3) at 42 (28–67) months. Kidney histological activity and chronicity indices (AI, CI) were measured.Results AI declined in a biphasic fashion, falling rapidly between Bx1 and Bx2 and then more slowly between Bx2 and Bx3. Patients were divided into those who achieved histological remission, defined as an AI=0 at Bx3 (group 1), and those with persistent histological activity (AI >0) at Bx3 (group 2). The early decline in AI was 1.6 times greater (95% CI 1.30, 1.91) in group 1 than group 2 (p=0.01). Between Bx2 and Bx3, the AI decline was 2.19-fold greater (95% CI 2.09, 2.29) in group 1 versus group 2 (p=7.34×10−5). Individual histological components of the AI resolved at different rates. Inflammatory lesions like glomerular crescents, karyorrhexis and necrosis mostly resolved by Bx2, whereas endocapillary hypercellularity, subendothelial hyaline deposits and interstitial inflammation resolved slowly, accounting for residual histological activity at biopsy 3 in group 2. In contrast, CI increased rapidly, by 0.15 units/month between Bx1 and Bx2, then plateaued. There were no differences in the rate of accumulation of chronic damage between group 1 and group 2. The increase in CI was significantly related to the severity of glomerular crescents (p=0.044), subendothelial hyaline deposits (p=0.002) and interstitial inflammation (p=0.015) at Bx1.Conclusions LN histological activity takes months to years to resolve, providing a rationale for the need of long-term, well-tolerated maintenance immunosuppression. Despite responding, LN kidneys accrue chronic damage early during treatment. This finding provides an explanation for the association of chronic progressive kidney disease with recurrent episodes of LN.