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A non-invasive and objective method of capturing upper body surface anatomy, such as 3D optical scanning, would be advantageous for evaluating chest wall deformity. By potentially eliminating the need for computed tomography scanning and superseding manual measurements subject to errors, a system that utilizes optical scanning presents great value to patients and practitioners. This work aimed to quantify the accuracy of two current generation 3D surface scanners, Azure Kinect & StructureIO Mark-II, in assessing the severity of chest wall deformities. 3D surface deviation analysis was conducted on the models created by each scanner, and the findings are reported.

Background Magnet wireless charging is being utilized increasingly in current generation smartphones. Apple's MagSafe is a proprietary wireless charging technology with an array of magnets that has the capacity to generate magnet fieldstrength >50 gauss (G). We hypothesize that there is clinically significant magnet interference caused by Apple's MagSafe technology on cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). Methods and Results This study has an in vivo and an ex vivo component. The in vivo component consists of consecutive patients who presented to the electrophysiology laboratory with previously implanted CIEDs. The iPhone 12 Pro Max was directly placed on the skin over the pocket of these patients and the effect was studied by device interrogation. For the ex vivo component of the study, CIEDs from major device companies were tested for magnetic interference caused by iPhone 12 Pro Max through unopened packages. We found that iPhone 12 Pro Max resulted in clinically identifiable magnet interference in 3/3 (100%) participants in vivo and in 8/11 (72.7%) devices ex vivo. Conclusions Apple's iPhone 12 Pro Max MagSafe technology can cause magnet interference on CIEDs and has the potential to inhibit lifesaving therapy.

Under dynamic efficiency, a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension scheme helps the current generation of retirees but hurts future generations because they are forced to saveviaa return-dominated scheme. Abandoning it is deemed welfare-improving but typically not for all generations. But what if agents are present-biased (hence, undersave for retirement) and the “paternalistically motivated forced savings” component of a PAYG scheme motivated its existence in the first place? This paper shows it is possible to transition from such a PAYG scheme on to a higher return, mandated fully-funded scheme; yet, no generation is hurt in the process. The results inform the debate on policy design of pension systems as more and more policy makers push for the transition to take place but are forced to recognize that current retirees may get hurt along the way.

An article from Dean, Tulett and Barnwell entitled Nodal land seismic acquisition: the next generation was published in First Break in January 2018, and described the evolution of wireless land seismic acquisition systems from their early origins in the 1970s to the current generation of nodal products. It went on to describe how these nodal products are used in acquisition projects and the various logistical benefits and challenges.

Numerous works have indicated that westerly wind bursts (WWBs) have a significant contribution to the development of El Niño events. However, the simulation of WWBs commonly suffers from large biases in the current generation of coupled general circulation models (CGCMs), limiting our ability to predict El Niño events. In this study, we introduce a WWBs parameterization scheme into the global coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) to improve the representation of WWBs and to study the impacts of WWBs on El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) characteristics. It is found that CESM with the WWBs parameterization scheme can generate more realistic characteristics of WWBs, in particular their location and seasonal variation of occurrence. With the parameterized WWBs, the skewness of the Niño 3 index is increased, in better agreement with observation. Eastern Pacific El Niño and central Pacific El Niño events could be successfully reproduced in the model run with WWBs parameterization. Further diagnoses show that the enhanced horizontal advection in the central Pacific and vertical advection in the eastern Pacific, both of which are triggered by WWBs, are crucial factors responsible for the improvements in ENSO simulation. Clearly, WWBs have important effects on ENSO asymmetry and ENSO diversity.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the perceptions of students from high school, who are the current generation Z, about the accounting profession. This study uses questionnaires that are shared online with data processing using factor analysis and one way ANOVA different tests. The comparison test was done between indicators of grade, major, school type, as well as variables, which include structure, precision, solitary, interest, and remaining variables. The interest in the accounting profession is found in social students (from high schools) and business administration students (from vocational schools). Other results also show that students in Private Vocational and Public High Schools have the most significant potential to be interested in the accounting profession. This research is limited to different test methods. Future studies can conduct a causal analysis of the factors that influence the choice of students in choosing the accounting profession. This research contributes to the investigation of students' perceptions of the accounting profession, which was conducted for the first time in Indonesia, especially in secondary schools in East Java.

With the development of droplet microfluidic technology, there are some problems in the current generation of droplets using microchannels, such as high cost, and difficulty in controlling the size...

Anode potential is a critical factor in the biodegradation of organics in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), but research on these systems with complex recalcitrant co-substrates at set anode potentials is scarce. In this study, carbamazepine (CBZ) biodegradation in a BES was examined over a wide range of set anode potentials (−200 to +600 mV vs Ag/AgCl). Current generation and current densities were improved with the increase in positive anode potentials. However, at a negative potential (−200 mV), current generation was higher as compared to that for +000 and +200 mV. The highest CBZ degradation (84%) and TOC removal efficiency (70%) were achieved at +400 mV. At +600 mV, a decrease in CBZ degradation was observed, which can be attributed to a low number of active bacteria and a poor ability to adapt to high voltage. This study signified that BESs operated at optimum anode potentials could be used for enhancing the biodegradation of complex and recalcitrant contaminants in the environment.

القرآن الکريم هو کتاب الله المحکم الذي يحوي أحکام الشريعة الإسلامية وجميع ما يحتاجه المسلم في مجالات حياته وتنشئته، وسورة الأنبياء تحوي الکثير من الومضات التربوية التي يمکن اشتقاقها والاستفادة منها في مجال التربية سواء الذاتية منها أو في تربية الأبناء وذلک بغرض تقويم الذات وإعداد الشخصية المسلمة القويمة وتهيئة المجتمع الإسلامي الصحيح. فهذه الدراسة استهدفت تناول البحث والتدبر في بعض آيات السورة الکريمة واستنباط الفوائد والنتائج التي يمکن استثمارها في مجال التربية وذلک وفقا للتفاسير الصحيحة على أن يتم ذلک بأسلوب تأملي يتميز بالإدراک والوعي ويوظف لإعداد قوالب متميزة من الإرشاد التربوي تفيد کل مسلم بشکل عام والقائمين على عملية التربية کالأبوين والمعلمين بشکل خاص. وقد استخدمت الدراسة منهج التفسير الموضوعي في تفسير الآيات استنادا إلى التفاسير الموثوقة، کما استخدم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لکتابة الفوائد التربوية والقواعد المقترحة لتحقيق هذه الفوائد. وقد تم صياغة تصور مکون من عدة قواعد تربوية عبر مجالات عدة للاستفادة من تلک الاستنباطات التربوية وغرسها في الجيل الحالي وتلک القواعد تکونت من وسائل وطرق مناسبة، ونسأل الله الفائدة والنفع والله ولي التوفيق. Some indications and educational rules in the light of Surat Al-Anbiya Self- discipline and reform youth Abstract: The Holy Qur'an is the Book of Allah, which contains the provisions of Islamic law, and all what the Muslim needs in the areas of his life and its upbringing. Moreover, to create the right Muslim community. This study aimed to address the research and reflection in some verses of the Holy Qur'an and devise the benefits and results that can be invested in the field of education, according to the correct interpretations to be done in a meditative manner characterized by awareness and awareness and is used to prepare distinct templates of educational guidance that benefit every Muslim in general and those who are responsible for the process of education as parents And teachers in particular. The study used the objective interpretation method in interpreting verses based on reliable interpretations. It has been formulated a concept consisting of several educational rules across several areas to take advantage of these educational inferences and instilled in the current generation and those rules consisted of appropriate means and methods, and we ask God benefit and benefit and God and the guardian of success.

The article presents the issue of discernment and interpretation of the signs of the times in the liturgical proclamation of the word of God. He points out that in the preparation of the homily, apart from biblical exegesis and liturgical hermeneutics, it is also important to analyze the anthropological life of the homilies’ listeners. It is a homily exegesis of the Holy Spirit’s action in the People of God. The signs of the times reveal His inspiration and action. Although they are not qualitatively equal to the Scriptures, they are, however, a specific speech of the world to the Church and a specific God’s voice to the Church expressed by the world. They express the needs and expectations of the current generation for God. In connection with this, postulating the evangelical discernment of the signs of the times, a personalistic-Christocentric paradigm, a method and concrete determinants of this process are proposed, and conclusions for homily practices and homiletic didactics are suggested.

The current generation of students has grown up in a visually-saturated culture and are generally savvy about engaging with imagery. In the Map Library at the University of Colorado Boulder (UCB), ...

The usage of emerging social and digital applications is growing rapidly among the current generation of students and academics, and researchers started exploring their effectiveness in enhancing students’ creativity. However, examining the most effective criteria for evaluating digital-media-enhanced creativity in art and design still needs further exploration. This pilot study seeks to develop a framework to assess students’ creativity and another framework to assess the effectiveness of multimedia-based teaching approaches in art and design educational contexts. Sixteen design instructors participated in a survey, which aimed to identify their experiences with multimedia-based pedagogy as a potentially effective approach in fostering students’ creativity as well as educators’ innovation in teaching. The paper identifies and ranks the criteria, which they thought are effective in assessing digitally-stimulated creativity in each field of graphic design. The ultimate goal is to provide educators with a set of evaluation criteria to guide the appropriate teaching and assessment of digital creativity. Keywords: Creativity, multimedia, pedagogy, innovation, digital creativity.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the eco-friendly design characteristics of contemporary children’s collections. Photos from FirstviewKorea were utilized for analysis; 29 brands were selected that included children’s clothing collections featuring eco-friendly characteristics from 2007 to 2018. The results are as follows. First, naturalness was the most frequent characteristic of environmentally friendly children’s collections. It was not conveyed in an eccentric way in any season, showed a relatively uniform distribution, and was seen in various ways, including printed on the fabric and expressed in appliques and embroidery. Second, handcrafted features frequently changed according to seasonal trends. Various methods such as beading, embroidery, applique, sewing techniques, and handbags were used, which enhanced manual workability, discrimination from other designs. Third, traditionality is divided into the characteristics of ethnicity and revivalism. National traditions were expressed in the clothing and reflected the current generation while connecting to the past. Fourth, simplicity appeared in classic designs such as simple silhouettes, sparse decoration, natural colors, and comfortable dress length that is not tight on the body. Simplicity was not a frequent feature due to the characteristics of the children’s clothing collections. Fifth, playfulness functioned to enhance the children’s clothing’s wear frequency. Although it was the least frequent of all the characteristics, it seemed to increase the design fun and the clothing’s value by fusing with other characteristics such as handcraftedness and naturalness.

Tunneling and magnetic tunneling are investigated in graphene/h-BN/graphene van der Waals heterosystems. Two new types of systems are found, in which negative differential conductivity regions are implemented due to resonant tunneling through defect levels in the h-BN barrier, and current caused by their presence is generated.

In the era of multi-messenger astronomy the exploration of the early emission from transients is key for understanding the encoded physics. At the same time, current generation networks of fully-robotic telescopes provide new opportunities in terms of fast followup and sky coverage. This work describes our pipeline designed for robotic optical followup of gamma-ray bursts with the Las Cumbrés Observatory network. We designed a Python code to promptly submit observation requests to the Las Cumbrés Observatory network within 3 minutes of the receipt of the socket notice. Via Telegram the pipeline keeps the users informed, allowing them to take control upon request. Our group was able to track the early phases of the evolution of the optical output from gamma-ray bursts with a fully-robotic procedure and here we report the case of GRB180720B as an example. The developed pipeline represents a key ingredient for any reliable and rapid (minutes timescale) robotic telescope system. While successfully utilized and adapted for LCO, it can also be adapted to any other robotic facilities. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.

Background The "failure of success" theory predicts that as subsequent generations of older adults retain more teeth, those additional teeth will experience more oral disease like root surface caries. The theory in relation to root surface caries has never been tested in a cross-generational study. This study aims to compare root surface caries across generations of South Australian older adults to test the theory and explore risk indicators for root surface caries. Methods Data were from the baseline of two South Australian studies separated by 22 years. In both studies, stratified random samples of people aged 60+ years from Adelaide and Mount Gambier were recruited. Dental examinations were performed by trained and calibrated dentists. One of the dental examiners from the earlier study was the gold standard examiner in the second study. Risk indicators included behavioural factors, clinical oral conditions, sociodemographic and socioeconomic status. Root surface caries was assessed as untreated root surface caries (root decayed surfaces [RDS]), treated root surface caries (root filled surfaces [RFS]) and treated or untreated root surface caries (root decayed and filled surfaces [RDFS]) and was presented as the prevalence and summed count. Multivariable models for Poisson and negative binomial distributions were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and mean ratios (MR), respectively, and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results The current generation of South Australian older adults has significantly lower RDS (PR [95% CI] = 0.65 [0.47-0.89]; MR [95% CI] = 0.51 [0.35-0.73]) and RDFS (PR [95% CI] = 0.84 [0.71-0.99]; MR [95% CI] = 0.76 [0.65-0.90]) than the previous generation. The RFS in the previous and current generation was similar. Gingival recession, irregular brushing, dental visiting for a problem and smoking were the indicators for RDS, while age, gingival recession, tooth brushing frequency, time since last dental visit and reason of visiting were the indicators for RFS or RDFS. Conclusions These results do not support the "failure of success" theory in relation to root surface caries among South Australian older adults. Despite the higher number of teeth retained, the current generation of older adults has less root surface caries than the previous generation. Behavioural factors remain the indicators of root surface caries across the generations.

Background The purpose of this study is to recognize those investigators responsible for initiating progress in limb salvage where runoff beyond the arterial blockage was limited to the crural vasculature and to also describe how crural bypass has evolved into the contemporary setting where endovascular options have become increasingly prominent. Methods An extensive literature review of articles published from 1960 to 1979 was the basis for selecting and recognizing surgeons who pioneered infrageniculate revascularization. Documentation of patency and amputation rates were tabulated for these early series of distal limb bypass. Cases performed in the decade of interest, but not published until the 1980s, are also recognized and recorded separately. Results Subsequent to the first tibial bypass performed in 1961 by McCaughan, a total of 746 crural bypasses were defined in the decades of interest, where possible, with overall 6-, 12-, and 36-month patencies of 76%, 59%, and 48%, respectively. There was an overall amputation rate of 17%. Life table analysis and other statistical methods were also adopted during this time. Conclusions Performance of crural bypass from 1960 to 1979 was analyzed in groups according to the distal anastomosis site. These results confirm the satisfactory early progress leading to further refinement in subsequent decades. It is essential that the current generation of vascular surgeons recognize the value of these early open procedures as a stable force for securing limb salvage in conjunction with evolving endovascular techniques.

With the advent of artificial intelligence in 2017, the current generation has also been exposed to a lot of video media and others to the public due to the development of technology. In particular, post-editing, which is called post-editing, appears to be the role of a new translator, while in the field of video production, there is a post-production process called post-production. In an era where post-production and post-editing are possible due to technological advances, one can see what factors need to be done in education. Especially for college students, including elementary, middle and high school students, pre-ethics education on video media should be a priority. We are going to discuss a new re-examination of the categories of video translation education by looking at these processes comprehensively through prior research, etc.

Endovascular repair has become the standard of care for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The endografts and delivery systems for endovascular aneurysm repair have undergone multiple generations of technologic advancements. However, a significant remaining challenge for a satisfactory long-term outcome is to improve the performance of these devices in nonideal proximal sealing zones. In particular, short (60 degrees) necks can threaten long-term exclusion of the aneurysm even with the current generation of endografts. One of the main reasons for proximal infrarenal neck failure is the inability to accurately position the endograft precisely below both renal arteries. This is a report of the first-in-human implantations of the GORE EXCLUDER Conformable AAA Endoprosthesis (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz), an investigational device, in anatomies with standard neck lengths and angulation. This device has been designed to provide repositionability, conformability, and, for the first time, optional angulation control. This device is commercially available in Europe. Keywords: Gore, Excluder, Conformable, High neck angle

The current generation of millenials born between 1980 and 2000 is a generation that has its own characteristics, they were born when digital technology has become known and used by all levels of society. However, the millennial generation tends not to care about the environment or social conditions. They are more preoccupied with digital technology (mostly gadgets) in their hands. To achieve this, to reduce their tendency with digital technology, especially gadgets, socialization of gadget negative effects on adolescents and parents should be held, with the hope that teenagers and parents will be aware of the negative effects of digital technology, especially gadgets, and parents can control their children. their children use gadgets. Dissemination activities were carried out in Kare Village, Kare Subdistrict, Madiun District and the activities were held at the Kare Village Office. From the results of the socialization it is known that the socialization participants can understand the negative effects of gadgets and how to handle children who are addicted to gadgets.

Photoionized outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are thought to influence their circumnuclear and host galactic environment. However, the distance of the outflow with respect to the black hole is poorly constrained, which limits our understanding of the kinetic power by the outflow. Therefore, the impact of AGN outflows on their host galaxies is uncertain. If the density of the outflow is known, its distance can be derived. Density measurement via variability studies and density sensitive lines have been used, albeit not very effective in the X-ray band. Good measurements are rather demanding or challenging for the current generation of (grating) spectrometers. The next generation of spectrometers will certainly provide data with better quality and large quantity, leading to tight constraints on the location and the kinetic power of AGN outflows. This contribution summarizes the state-of-the-art in this field.

A submersible microbial fuel cell (SMFC) was coupled with anaerobic digestion (AD) system to establish synergy for enhancing the electricity and methane production at different glucose concentration of 2, 4 and 10 g/l. High amount of stable current generation of 0.35 mA was obtained at 4 g/l, which was about 1.5 times higher than the SMFC-AD operated at 10 g/l glucose. Methane production and yield were enhanced by 69% and 28%, respectively in SMFC-AD in comparison with AD operation at 2 g/l. Maximum methane yield of 0.32 l-CH4/g COD was observed in SMFC-AD operation at 2 g/l, followed by 4 g/l (0.28 l-CH4/g COD) and 10 g/l (0.18 l-CH4/g COD). Furthermore, the SMFC-AD process increased COD removal and maintained proper pH of around 6.8–7.3 for efficient methane production. This study suggests that the SMFC-AD can achieve enhanced methane production compared to stand-alone AD with additional electricity generation.

espanolLa cuestion bonaventuriana aun sigue abierta despues de un siglo de debate: ?es el Serafico filosofo y teologo o es solamente un teologo? ?Se puede hablar de “filosofia” como ciencia en el pensamiento de san Buenaventura? Intimamente vinculada a esta cuestion se presenta el problema de la recepcion aristotelica. En este articulo se busca organizar las ideas esenciales en torno a esta cuestion y presentar criticamente tres grandes respuestas actuales, para apuntar a cinco conclusiones relevantes. Para lo cual se analizaran las propuestas de E. Gilson, Van Steenberghen, J. Ratzinger y H. U. Von Balthasar desde la generacion actual de pensadores medievales: A. Speer, C. Pandolfi y M. Lazaro. EnglishThe Bonaventure’s problem is still open after a century of debate: is the Seraphic a philosopher and a theologian or is he just a theologian? Can one speak of “philosophy” as a science in Saint Bonaventure’s work? Intimately linked to this question, the problem of Aristotelian reception arises. This article seeks to organize the essential ideas around this issue and critically present three major current answers, to end with five relevant conclusions. For which the proposals of E. Gilson, Van Steenberghen, J. Ratzinger and H. U. Von Balthasar will be analyzed from the perspective of the current generation of medieval thinkers: A. Speer, C. Pandolfi and M. Lazaro.

We review the current generation of large-scale, millennial-length temperature reconstructions derived from tree rings and highlight areas of agreement and disagreement among these state-of-the-art paleotemperature estimates. Although thousands of tree ring-width chronologies are now available from temperate and boreal forest sites across the Northern Hemisphere, only a small fraction of those records are suited as proxies for surface temperature. Maximum latewood density is clearly a superior temperature proxy but is less available, with few densitometric records that are both long and up-to-date. Compared to previous efforts, the newest generation of tree-ring reconstructions correlate more strongly against hemispheric summer temperatures and show better performance in tracking decadal/multi-decadal variability and year-to-year fluctuations. They also fit the observed memory structure of instrumental temperatures more closely than their predecessors. These new estimates still show signs of the so-called ‘divergence problem’ (the apparent loss of temperature sensitivity under recent warming), but do not extend after 2004 and cannot be used to evaluate the impact of the past decade's warming on northern temperature-limited forests. We caution against averaging together the latest hemispheric-scale reconstructions because they have each been constructed to suit different purposes and share much of the same underlying tree-ring data, especially prior to CE 1500. Past temperatures are recorded more clearly in maximum latewood density than total ring-width, so we recommend the Northern Hemisphere densitometry network be modernized through a new round of field collections and observations.

Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to examine and identify factors that influence the future practice pattern of Saudi Board of Ophthalmology residents as well as their academic goals. This study also aimed to compare the plans and career goals of the current Saudi ophthalmology residents with a former cohort of Saudi ophthalmology residents. Methods: All current residents of Saudi Board of Ophthalmology were invited to complete an anonymous online survey in March 2017. Residents were contacted by email. The survey contained questions on demographics, plans and factors influencing career choice of the residents in their future. Data were categorized by gender. Chi-square was used to assess the effect of gender on outcomes where appropriate. Results: Of 150 residents surveyed, 91 (61%) responded to the survey. Having the ability to combine medicine and surgery was the most motivating factor for pursuing an ophthalmology residency training program (81% of respondents). Most residents expressed an interest in providing refractive surgery (62%), being involved in research activities (85%) and working part-time in the private sector (73%). The majority (81%) expressed a desire to practice in an urban setting as well as pursuing fellowship training (81%). Anterior segment (31%) and surgical retina (15%) were the most popular choices for fellowship training. Conclusion: Increasing interest in joining fellowship training programs (mostly in surgical subspecialties) and being involved in research activities among current generation of ophthalmology residents have been observed compared to a previous cohort study in the same country. Keywords: Ophthalmology, Residents, Training, Career

Many sustainability problems have occurred because the current generation affects future generations, but the opposite is not true. This one-way nature may induce the current generation to take advantage of resources without considering future generations, which we refer to as intergenerational sustainability dilemma (ISD). While deliberation is known to bring a change in individual opinions and to lead to a good decision in some intragenerational problems, little is known about how intragenerational deliberation affects individual opinions and collective decisions for intergenerational problems, such as ISD, in societies. An ISD game (ISDG) along with interviews and questionnaires are instituted in rural and urban societies of Nepal. In ISDG, a sequence of generations, each of which consists of three people, is organized, and each generation chooses either to maintain intergenerational sustainability (sustainable option) or to maximize his or her own generation’s payoff by irreversibly imposing a cost on future generations (unsustainable option) under an intragenerational deliberative process. Our results demonstrate that urban subjects have a wider variety of individual initial opinions and support an unsustainable option more often than rural subjects do. It also shows that individual opinions change through deliberation when subjects in a generation do not share the same initial opinion, reflecting that urban subjects change opinions as compared to rural subjects. Such opinion changes are identified not to work in the direction to enhance intergenerational sustainability for urban generations. Overall, our experiments suggest that intragenerational deliberation does not necessarily influence individual opinions for resolving ISD.

Southeast Asian Studies is an important educational and scholarly research platform to understand the different aspects of the Southeast Asian region. Western scholars have contributed significant research produced under the programmes; local researchers have added their voice to the study of the region. However, Andaya (2017) suggested that the field of SEAS should be mindful of its relevance to the current generation, and its development and progress should be in-line with the changes in contemporary scholarly needs of Southeast Asia. She asserted that the world and Southeast Asia have been transformed. However, the research and teaching approach and the scope of the programme remains unchanged. A critical review and rethink of the field of study in the region is urgent. SEAS needs to be reshaped to be relevant and progressive to suit the current scenario. This paper will examine whether SEAS could move away from its conventional teaching and research approach, and undergo a rebranding exercise that will be compatible to meet the demands of the changing world. The paper will also allude to potential challenges in reshaping the form and content of SEAS in the region. Keyword: Southeast Asian Studies, SEAS, teaching, research, publication, rebranding, reshaping, challenges

Sea surface temperature (SST) patterns both local to and remote from tropical cyclone (TC) development regions are important drivers of the variability of TC activity. Therefore, reliable simulations and predictions of TC activity depend on a realistic representation of tropical SST. Nevertheless, severe SST biases are common to the current generation of global climate models, especially in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic. These biases are strongly positive in the southeastern tropical basins, and negative, but weaker, in the northwestern tropical basins. To investigate the impact of the tropical SST biases on simulated TC activity, an atmospheric-only tropical channel model was used to conduct several sets of ensemble simulations. The simulations suggest an underrepresentation in Atlantic TC activity caused by the Atlantic cold bias alone, and an overrepresentation in Eastern North Pacific (ENP) TC activity due to the Atlantic cold bias and Pacific warm bias jointly. While the local impact of SST biases on TC activity is generally induced by the local anomalous SST and the associated changes in atmospheric conditions, the remote impact of the Atlantic bias on the ENP TCs is strongly driven by the change in topographically forced regional circulation. Moreover, an eastward shift in Western North Pacific TCs was generated by the Pacific SST biases, even though basin-wide TC activity indicators change insignificantly. The results indicate the importance of considering SST bias effects on simulated TC activity in climate model studies and highlight key regions where reducing SST biases could potentially improve TC representation in climate models.

For the past two decades, many successful applications of microbial electrochemical technologies (METs), such as bioenergy generation, environmental monitoring, resource recovery, and platform chemicals production, have been demonstrated. Despite these tremendous potentials, the scaling-up and commercialization of METs are still quite challenging. Depending on target applications, common challenges may include expensive and tedious fabrication processes, prolonged start-up times, complex design requirements and their scalability for large-scale systems. Incorporating the three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies have recently emerged as an effective and highly promising method for fabricating METs to demonstrate power generation and biosensing at the bench scale. Notably, low-cost and rapid fabrication of complex and miniaturized designs of METs was achieved, which is not feasible using the traditional methods. Utilizing 3DP showed tremendous potentials to aid the optimization of functional large-scale METs, which are essential for scaling-up purposes. Moreover, 3D-printed bioanode could provide rapid start-up in the current generation from METs without any time lags. Despite numerous review articles published on different scientific and applied aspects of METs, as per the authors’ knowledge, no published review articles explicitly highlighted the applicability and potential of 3DP for developing METs. Hence, this review targets to provide a current overview and status of 3DP applications for advancing METs and their future outlook.

Depression has become a serious problem in this current generation and the number of people affected by depression is increasing day by day. However, some of them manage to acknowledge that they are facing depression while some of them do not know it. On the other hand, the vast progress of social media is becoming their “diary” to share their state of mind. Several kinds of research had been conducted to detect depression through the user post on social media using machine learning algorithms. Through the data available on social media, the researcher can able to know whether the users are facing depression or not. Machine learning algorithm enables to classify the data into correct groups and identify the depressive and non-depressive data. The proposed research work aims to detect the depression of the user by their data, which is shared on social media. The Twitter data is then fed into two different types of classifiers, which are Naive Bayes and a hybrid model, NBTree. The results will be compared based on the highest accuracy value to determine the best algorithm to detect depression. The results shows both algorithm perform equally by proving same accuracy level.

As AI technologies increase in capability and ubiquity, AI accidents are becoming more common. Based on normal accident theory, high reliability theory, and open systems theory, we create a framework for understanding the risks associated with AI applications. This framework is designed to direct attention to pertinent system properties without requiring unwieldy amounts of accuracy. In addition, we also use AI safety principles to quantify the unique risks of increased intelligence and human-like qualities in AI. Together, these two fields give a more complete picture of the risks of contemporary AI. By focusing on system properties near accidents instead of seeking a root cause of accidents, we identify where attention should be paid to safety for current generation AI systems.

The first anesthetic machines appeared following their public demonstration by Morton in 1846. These initial devices were simple inhalers based on the evaporation of the anesthetic agent. Their main problem was the loss of effectiveness with cooling. More complex inhalers were subsequently developed, in which the main difference was the possibility to provide more than one agent. Moreover, the concentration of the inhaled anesthetic was regulated for greater efficiency. At the beginning of the twentieth century, gas machines emerged, allowing the application of an anesthetic flow independent of the patient's inspiratory effort. These machines incorporated technological advances such as flow meters, carbon dioxide absorption systems and fine adjustment vaporizers. In this period, in the field of thoracic surgery, intraoperative artificial ventilation began to be employed, which helped overcome the problem of pneumothorax associated with open pleura by applying positive pressure. From the 1930s, the gas machines were fitted with a ventilator, and by the 1950s this had become a basic component of the anesthesia system. Later still, in the 1980s, alarm and monitoring systems were incorporated, giving rise to the current generation of workstations. (C) 2021 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

OBJECTIVE Robotics is a major area for research and development in spine surgery. The high accuracy of robot-assisted placement of thoracolumbar pedicle screws is documented in the literature. The authors present the largest case series to date evaluating 90-day complication, revision, and readmission rates for robot-assisted spine surgery using the current generation of robotic guidance systems. METHODS An analysis of a retrospective, multicenter database of open and minimally invasive thoracolumbar instrumented fusion surgeries using the Mazor X or Mazor X Stealth Edition robotic guidance systems was performed. Patients 18 years of age or older and undergoing primary or revision surgery for degenerative spinal conditions were included. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate rates of malpositioned screws requiring revision, as well as overall complication, revision, and readmission rates within 90 days. RESULTS In total, 799 surgical cases (Mazor X: 48.81%; Mazor X Stealth Edition: 51.19%) were evaluated, involving robot-assisted placement of 4838 pedicle screws. The overall intraoperative complication rate was 3.13%. No intraoperative implant-related complications were encountered. Postoperatively, 129 patients suffered a total of 146 complications by 90 days, representing an incidence of 16.1%. The rate of an unrecognized malpositioned screw resulting in a new postoperative radiculopathy requiring revision surgery was 0.63% (5 cases). Medical and pain-related complications unrelated to hardware placement accounted for the bulk of postoperative complications within 90 days. The overall surgical revision rate at 90 days was 6.63% with 7 implant-related revisions, representing an implant-related revision rate of 0.88%. The 90-day readmission rate was 7.13% with 2 implant-related readmissions, representing an implant-related readmission rate of 0.25% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The results of this multicenter case series and literature review suggest current-generation robotic guidance systems are associated with low rates of intraoperative and postoperative implant-related complications, revisions, and readmissions at 90 days. Future outcomes-based studies are necessary to evaluate complication, revision, and readmission rates compared to conventional surgery.

A carbon-free energy supply is essential to sustain our future. Biophotovoltaics (BPV) provides a promising solution for hydrogen supply by directly coupling light-driven water splitting to hydrogen formation using oxygenic photoautotrophic cyanobacteria. However, BPV is currently limited by its low photon-to-current efficiency, and current experimental setups at a miniaturized scale hinder the rational investigation of the process and thus system optimization. In this paper, we developed and optimized a new technical-scale (~250ml working volume) BPV platform with defined and controllable operating parameters. Factors that interfered with reproducible and stable current output signals were identified and adapted. We found that the classical BG11 medium, used for the cultivation of cyanobacteria and also in many BPV studies, caused severe interferences in the bioelectrochemical experiments. An optimized nBG11 medium guaranteed a low and stable background current in the BPV reactor, regardless of the presence of light and/or mediators. As proof-of-principle, a very high long-term light-dependent current output (peak current of over 20 µA) was demonstrated in the new set-up over 12 days with living Synechocystis sp PCC6803 cells and validated with appropriate controls. These results report the first reliable BPV platform generating reproducible photocurrent while still allowing quantitative investigation, rational optimization, and scale-up of BPV processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

This research describes the meaning of peace from the perspective of generation Z women. This generation is also called the millennial generation or today's young people. Z generation women are part of the current generation of young people, who certainly have different perspectives in interpreting peace in this country.There is sufficient evidence regarding the increasing attitude of intolerance among students and today's students.From a number of results of studies of high school students and college students it was revealed that 9.5% of respondents tended to be intolerant of minority groups.From the Campus Islamic Research it was found that 65% of student respondents supported sweeping actions carried out arbitrarily by radical Islamic mass organizations (Directorate General of Higher Education Ministry of National Education, 2007).This fact is interesting to examine further about how generation Z women interpret peace in this country. This research is applied qualitative research and uses the Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA) approach.The results show four main categories related to the meaning of peace from the perspective of generation Z women, namely making peace with themselves, not easily suspicious and prejudiced with others, respecting differences, and easily forgiving others.Â

Doel: Het doel van het huidige onderzoek is zicht te krijgen op het verloop van de klankontwikkeling bij de huidige generatie Nederlandse kinderen met gehoorverlies en te onderzoeken welke factoren van invloed zijn op de klankontwikkeling bij deze groep kinderen. Methode: De klankontwikkeling van een groep van 28 kinderen met licht tot zeer ernstig perceptief gehoorverlies en van 31 kinderen zonder gehoorverlies is gevolgd over een periode van 12 maanden (leeftijd van 6 tot 18 maanden). Hiervoor werd elke 3 maanden de Infant Monitor of Vocal Production (IMP) afgenomen bij ouders. Daarnaast gaven ouders elke 3 maanden informatie over de hoorontwikkeling van hun kind (LittlEARS) en de draagduur van de hoortoestellen (aanpassing van de Amplification in Daily Life Questionnaire). Ook zijn datalogging gegevens van de hoortoestellen verzameld bij de audiologische centra. Resultaten: Uit dit onderzoek bleek dat kinderen met gehoorverlies op de leeftijd van 9 maanden een achterstand in de klankontwikkeling lieten zien ten opzichte van hun horende leeftijdsgenoten. Tevens lieten de resultaten zien dat een hogere mate van gehoorverlies leidt tot een minder goede hoorontwikkeling en daarmee een minder goede klankontwikkeling. Kinderen die hun hoortoestel meer droegen hadden een betere hoorontwikkeling. Conclusie: Op groepsniveau laten kinderen met gehoorverlies in het eerste levensjaar al een achterstand zien in de klankontwikkeling ten opzichte van kinderen zonder gehoorverlies. Er zijn, onder andere als gevolg van de mate van gehoorverlies, echter grote individuele verschillen in het verloop van de klankontwikkeling binnen de groep kinderen met gehoorverlies. Meer onderzoek is nodig om verder vast te stellen welke kinderen met gehoorverlies een groter risico lopen op een achterblijvende klankontwikkeling.

In the recent past, there has been a huge concern for secured storage of records, and transactions between varied parties and applications. Using the concept of cryptography, and its increase in popularity in the current generation we here describe the concept of blockchain technology that helps provide solutions to the above issues. It describes the design and functionality of blockchain technology. It gives a brief insight into the types of blockchain used in various industries. In this paper, we also promote the need for the decentralized network over a centralized one which is an important aspect. There are various consensus algorithms used to develop an application, we are giving a comparison between various approaches to decide the best suited algorithm for the required application. Furthermore, we provide a detailed analysis on the various applications of blockchain with use case. We also present an insight into the future advancements in the field of blockchain.

Opportunities such as higher education can promote intergenerational mobility, leading individuals to achieve levels of socioeconomic status above that of their parents. We develop a dynamic model for allocating such opportunities in a society that exhibits bottlenecks in mobility; the problem of optimal allocation reflects a trade-off between the benefits conferred by the opportunities in the current generation and the potential to elevate the socioeconomic status of recipients, shaping the composition of future generations in ways that can benefit further from the opportunities. We show how optimal allocations in our model arise as solutions to continuous optimization problems over multiple generations, and we find in general that these optimal solutions can favor recipients of low socioeconomic status over slightly higher-performing individuals of high socioeconomic status --- a form of socioeconomic affirmative action that the society in our model discovers in the pursuit of purely payoff-maximizing goals. We characterize how the structure of the model can lead to either temporary or persistent affirmative action, and we consider extensions of the model with more complex processes modulating the movement between different levels of socioeconomic status.

Different generations of theorists made contributions to the development of the theoretical bases for the discipline of nursing, leading to the current generation of situation-specific theorists. Several facilitators informed interests, development, and refinement of theories and promoted philosophical and theoretical discoveries and discourses. These facilitators included theory conferences, graduate courses in theory, journals devoted to philosophical and theoretical contributions and many opportunities for debates. To continue with the advancement of theory, it is vital that we use some of these strategies, as well as deliberate new ideas that are more congruent with current academic and practice contexts, but also benefit from theoretical history.

The nonwoven industry is one of the most innovative and important branches of the global fiber products industry. However, the use of petrochemical-based materials in many nonwoven products leads to severe environmental issues such as generation of microplastics. Synthetic material use in nonwovens is currently around 66%. This review covers potential technologies for the use of bio-based materials in nonwoven products. The current generation of nonwoven products relies heavily on the use of synthetic binders and fibers. These materials allow for products with high functional properties, such as permanence, strength, bulk, and haptic properties. The next generation of nonwoven products will have a higher fraction of natural and renewable materials as both binders and fiber elements. There are a wide range of materials under investigation in various nonwoven product categories. Especially, lignocellulosic materials are of interest. This includes traditional pulp fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, lignin binders and nanomaterials derived from wood. The development of water stable, strong interfiber bonding concepts is one of the main problems to be solved for advancing bio-based nonwoven products.

Whereas much of the success of the current generation of neural language models has been driven by increasingly large training corpora, relatively little research has been dedicated to analyzing these massive sources of textual data. In this exploratory analysis, we delve deeper into the Common Crawl, a colossal web corpus that is extensively used for training language models. We find that it contains a significant amount of undesirable content, including hate speech and sexually explicit content, even after filtering procedures. We discuss the potential impacts of this content on language models and conclude with future research directions and a more mindful approach to corpus collection and analysis.

To be human is to dwell within a particular place—from the moment we are, we are “implaced.” Christian education, as person forming communities, should therefore seek to curate, cultivate and celebrate implacement, particularly in a contemporary age where a haunting sense of placelessness shapes our current generation. This chapter invites Christian educators and leaders to restore a theology of place within the academy and explores the high importance of place and how geography, location, community and neighbourhoods are actually part of a grander story of God’s sovereign purpose in and through creation. This chapter will review and explore a snapshot of the corpus of literature relating to the importance of place as a theological construct and will propose how an understanding and recognition of place can be used as a lens through which to curate the importance of place and implaced embodiment, within our Christian educational communities. The chapter will also explore how principles of placemaking within Christian education that are grounded in an incarnational posture can reflect and celebrate the significance of the incarnation of Christ whereby “The Word became flesh and blood and moved into the neighborhood” (John 1:14 MSG).

Since attaining independence, Kenya has been keen on development. Recently, the development discourse in Kenya has adopted sustainable development sentiments by adopting the concepts of sustainable development within its development frameworks. This is due to the realization that whilst striving to fulfill the needs and aspirations of the current generation, it must also guarantee the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This research discusses the challenges bedeviling the attainment of sustainable development in Kenya through the lenses of gender, environmental and natural resource governance, infrastructure as well as food security. These themes have been debated a lot, without yielding a consensus on the suitable approach to sustainable development. This has resulted to more abstract development frameworks whose legal status is unclear. This chapter posits that the ideas and frameworks of sustainable development in Kenya are not well articulated, have no proper legal standing and do not bind on the government. It concludes that there should be a paradigm shift from statements of intention to a sound, inclusive and binding framework that guides successive governments.

Catastrophic forgetting is a ubiquitous problem for the current generation of Artificial Neural Networks: When a network is asked to learn multiple tasks in a sequence, it fails dramatically as it tends to forget past knowledge. Little is known on how far multimodal conversational agents suffer from this phenomenon. In this paper, we study the problem of catastrophic forgetting in Visual Question Answering (VQA) and propose experiments in which we analyze pairs of tasks based on CLEVR, a dataset requiring different skills which involve visual or linguistic knowledge. Our results show that dramatic forgetting is at place in VQA, calling for studies on how multimodal models can be enhanced with continual learning methods.

Research reports, publications, and magazines describe and attest to the resilience, courage, motivation, and other characteristics of the current generation African female entrepreneurs. And as much as the challenges of the first-generation and culture-induced entrepreneurs still linger into this present era, there have been notable improvements in female education, training, access to finance, mentorship and networking.

The question of security is becoming central for the current generation of engineering systems which more and more rely on networks to support monitoring and control tasks. This chapter addresses the question of designing network control systems that are resilient to Denial-of-Service, that is to phenomena which render a communication network unavailable to use. We review recent results in this area and discuss some of the research challenges.