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The objective was to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal with protein hydrolysates and a commercial product in the diets of Penaeus vannamei post-larvae on zootechnical performance, proximate chemical composition, digestive enzyme activity, and total hemocyte count. The experiment was conducted in a clear water recirculation system comprising 24 experimental units, each with 30 shrimp with an average weight of 0.2 g. The treatments were control, chicken protein hydrolysate (CPH), enzymatic hydrolysate of chicken feathers, Aquabite®, CPH + maltodextrin, and CPH + yeast, with four replicates each. The inclusion level of the different protein sources evaluated was 6%. At the end of the experiment, all shrimp were counted, weighed, and measured to determine the zootechnical performance. The body and feed chemical compositions, as well as the enzymatic activities of the hepatopancreas and the total hemocyte count in the hemolymph, were analyzed. The data obtained were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey’s test. There was no statistical difference between the treatments in any of the analyzed parameters. The results showed that all the evaluated protein hydrolysates can be used as partial substitutes for fish meal in P. vannamei diets during the nursery phase, maintaining equivalent and adequate digestive enzyme activities, health, growth, and body composition of the shrimp, in addition to being ecologically sustainable ingredients.

This study evaluated the inclusion of protein hydrolysates and a commercial product as a partial replacement for fish meals in the diet of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) during the grow-out phase. A recirculation system with 24 experimental units and a biological filter was used. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments: control; chicken protein hydrolysate (CPH); enzymatic hydrolysate of chicken feathers; Aquabite®; CPH + maltodextrin; CPH + yeast; and four replicates. After 50 days, the zootechnical performance and animal welfare parameters, centesimal carcass composition, digestive enzyme activity, and hemocyte count were evaluated. The treatments did not affect the zootechnical performance and total hemocyte count of the animals (p > 0.05). The evaluation of the antenna length indicated that all animals were in good health. The antenna length in treatment T5 was significantly greater (p > 0.05) than that in T4 and similar to that in treatments T3 and T6, demonstrating a positive influence of dietary protein hydrolysates. Concerning animal welfare, dietary protein hydrolysates influenced the length of the antenna (p < 0.05). The antenna length associated with different treatments indicated that the animals were in good welfare conditions in the production environment. With respect to body chemical composition, dry matter, ether extract, and ash were affected by the treatments (p < 0.05). Regarding the analysis of digestive enzymes, the treatments influenced the activities of amylase and trypsin (p < 0.05). The performance of the animals was satisfactory under all treatments, including enzymatic activity, demonstrating the possibility of using hydrolysates.

RESUMO A Covid-19 produziu graves impactos no sistema público de saúde do Brasil, tornando premente a necessidade de conhecer e considerar os desafios para a gestão de recursos humanos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O presente estudo, por meio de pesquisa exploratória, buscou identificar iniciativas do Ministério da Saúde voltadas à gestão de recursos humanos em saúde do SUS durante a pandemia, utilizando como percurso metodológico a análise documental. Foram consultadas informações veiculadas pelo Ministério da Saúde em seu portal eletrônico, bem como por demanda direta dos pesquisadores a áreas de reconhecido papel estratégico. Ainda, foi considerado o relatório da Força Nacional do SUS disponibilizado aos pesquisadores para complementação das investigações inicialmente realizadas. As pesquisas permitiram identificar diversas iniciativas implementadas, porém de forma isolada, fragmentada e descontinuada, o que inviabilizou a qualificação dos resultados de modo mais profundo, objetivo que o presente estudo pretendia alcançar. Destaque-se que não foi propósito da presente pesquisa esgotar todas as iniciativas do Ministério da Saúde, mas sim de tentar identificar, na fonte oficial do ente federal do SUS, uma apresentação estruturada de suas iniciativas e respectivos impactos na gestão de recursos humanos no SUS durante a pandemia.

This work investigates the third harmonic circulating current injection in delta-connected Cascaded H-Bridge (Delta-CHB) STATCOM, aiming the cell capacitance volume reduction. Firstly, analytical expressions for capacitor voltage ripple are derived without and with third harmonic injection. These expressions are used to obtain the third harmonic current waveform which minimizes the sum of capacitor voltages ripple in the whole operation range. These expressions are validated in an experimental setup based on 620 VA/220 V cell. Although this approach minimizes the ripple, an increase in the semiconductors current effort is expected. This paper quantifies the increase through analytical expressions and proposes an improved third-harmonic injection scheme which injects the third harmonic in a range of operating points. The performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated for a 17 MVA/13.8 kV Delta-CHB STATCOM with 24 cells per cluster. The results indicate a reduction of 17.2% in the theoretical cell capacitance. A physical realization of cell capacitor reveals that the proposed scheme, in the best scenario, reduces the volume in 25%. Finally, if the same power module and heatsink are employed, the proposed scheme leads to an increase in junction temperature of 13◦C for IGBT and diode.

Entre as várias técnicas utilizadas no desenvolvimento da educação ambiental, as trilhas ecológicas interpretativas se apresentam como uma ferramenta de grande potencial, pois inserem o visitante diretamente no ambiente natural local. No Brasil, grande parte das atividades em trilhas ambientais são realizadas em áreas de Unidades de Conservação. O presente trabalho avaliou o potencial florístico da trilha do Curumim, localizada ao lado da sede do Parque Estadual do Cunhambebe, em Mangaratiba no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi realizado o levantamento florístico, por meio de censo do fragmento florestal. Após coletados os dados foram calculados a composição florística e estrutura fitossociológica horizontal. Como resultados encontrou-se baixa diversidade, indicando um fragmento em estágio inicial de regeneração e presença dominante de 3 espécies: Guarea guidonia (Carrapeta), Piptadenia gonoacantha, (Pau Jacaré) e Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jaqueira). A Carrapeta e o Pau jacaré tem caraterísticas de tronco que podem ser exploradas pelo tato, e a Jaqueira, apesar de exótica ao Bioma Mata Atlântica, é bastante conhecida pela população pelo consumo alimentício de seu fruto, da qual tem vários aspectos sensoriais. Além disso, foram encontrados, em menor quantidade, outras espécies com potencial sensorial. Assim, conclui-se que há possibilidade de adequação sensorial da trilha a partir das espécies florestais existentes e recomenda-se o desenvolvimento de um roteiro para condução dos visitantes na trilha que indique essas espécies arbóreas e suas características florísticas.

In the last decade, we have seen a substantial increase in the development and use of mobile technology to improve diet and healthy eating behaviors. Objective: To describe the characteristics of nutrition and diet apps before and after the COVID-19 pandemic available in Brazil. Methods: Nutrition and diet apps were identified using the official Apple and Google stores. The search occurred in January 2020 and May 2022 in Brazil. We extracted the nutritional content and standard indicators (e.g., being developed before or after 2020, number of languages, target population, investment, prices, seller, number of reviews and downloads, consumer rating). Results: 280 apps were launched before and 411 during the COVID-19 period. Most apps were available in at least ten languages (96.6%), with no indication of age (95.6%) or partial or full cost (59%). As for the contents, 18.9% addressed personal diet suggestions; 73.4%, nutritional education; 48.8%, revenues; 35.9%, physical activity with a nutritional guide; 2.3%, nutritional recommendation for eating out; 23.9%, grocery shopping with a scan code; 32.4%, food diary; 18.9%, water intake; and 4.6%, nutrition/diseases. The data show an evolution that may have been boosted by the pandemic and that reveals a trend towards the development of apps with educational content. Conclusion: During the pandemic, there was a positive qualitative and quantitative movement in e-health regarding the promotion of education.

Abstract While there is substantial evidence that cannabis use is associated with differences in human brain development, most of this evidence is correlational in nature. Bayesian causal network (BCN) modeling attempts to identify probable causal relationships in correlational data using conditional probabilities to estimate directional associations between a set of interrelated variables. In this study, we employed BCN modeling in 637 adolescents from the IMAGEN study who were cannabis naïve at age 14 to provide evidence that the accelerated prefrontal cortical thinning found previously in adolescent cannabis users by Albaugh et al. [1] is a result of cannabis use causally affecting neurodevelopment. BCNs incorporated data on cannabis use, prefrontal cortical thickness, and other factors related to both brain development and cannabis use, including demographics, psychopathology, childhood adversity, and other substance use. All BCN algorithms strongly suggested a directional relationship from adolescent cannabis use to accelerated cortical thinning. While BCN modeling alone does not prove a causal relationship, these results are consistent with a body of animal and human research suggesting that adolescent cannabis use adversely affects brain development.

Temperature is one of the most relevant physical quantities that affects almost all processes in nature. However, the realization of accurate temperature standards using current temperature references, like the triple point of water, is difficult due to the requirements on material purity and stability of the environment. In addition, in harsh environments, current temperature sensors with electrical readout, like platinum resistors, are difficult to implement, urging the development of optical temperature sensors. In 2018, the European consortium Photoquant, consisting of metrological institutes and academic partners, started investigating new temperature standards for self-calibrated, embedded optomechanical sensor applications, as well as optimised high resolution and high reliability photonic sensors, to measure temperature at the nano and meso-scales and as a possible replacement for the standard platinum resistant thermometers. This article presents an overview of the results obtained with sensor prototypes that exploit photonic and optomechanical techniques for sensing temperatures over a large temperature range (5 K to 300 K). Different concepts are demonstrated, including ring resonators, ladder-like resonators and suspended membrane optomechanical thermometers, highlighting initial performance and challenges, like self-heating that need to be overcome to realize photonic and optomechanical thermometry applications.

Objective: Describe the participatory research procedures of developing Kick Vaping, a vaping cessation text messaging intervention for Latino young adults, available in English and Spanish. Methods: Using community-based recruitment strategies, we convened a Community Advisory Board (CAB) of eight Latino young adults (ages 18–25) with different vaping experiences (never users, ex-users, and current users of e-cigarettes). Members held a series of working meetings to adapt Decídetexto, a smoking cessation text messaging intervention, for vaping cessation. Members provided iterative feedback on the text messages until reaching a consensus on content. Messages were translated from English to Spanish following a committee approach. Readability assessments were used to evaluate the legibility of the text messages Results: At baseline, members' mean age was 22.6 years old (SD 3.1), 75% were female, and 50% used both English and Spanish equally. Three members (37.5%) were ex-users and one member (12.5%) was a current user of e-cigarettes. 18 meetings provided sufficient opportunities for iterative feedback on the text messages for developing the intervention. The Kick Vaping intervention consists of 208 text messages. Readability scores of the text messages in English were equivalent to fourth and fifth grade, and in Spanish were equivalent to easy and somewhat easy. Conclusion: It is feasible and practical to build participatory research among Latino young adults focused on vaping cessation. Members of the CAB added innovation and creativity to the development of the vaping cessation text messaging intervention. Future research is needed to evaluate the impact of the intervention on vaping cessation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the energy performance of three different charcoal production systems: “encosta” kiln, “rectangular” kiln, and “fornalha” kiln. Data collection involved measuring carbonization product yields and essential process variables, enabling determination of material and energy flows, and evaluation of two main energy indicators: the EROI and the energy balance. The study found that all evaluated systems had a negative energy balance, indicating inefficiency. The encosta kiln system displayed the best energy performance with the highest EROI (0.90 ± 0.45) and the greatest energy intensity (264.50 MJ t−1 ± 132.25), despite having faced technological, operational, and mechanization limitations that explained its limited use on a global scale. Research that evaluates the sustainable production of charcoal has grown in recent years, however, and it is necessary to invest in studies that evaluate the existing energy flow. Thus, the energy performance indicators presented in this study offer valuable insights for decision-making in charcoal production, potentially maximizing efficiency of the systems. Optimizing carbonization system energy performance can be achieved by implementing operational parameters focused on reducing avoidable energy losses, such as improving thermal insulation and introducing systems for heat recovery or combustion gas utilization.

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the Western Pacific region. The prevalent tradition of chewing betel nut in Palau, an island nation in this region, is a risk factor in the development of oral cancer. Oral cancer is the fifth most common cancer in Palau, and the prognosis can be improved with early detection facilitated by visual inspection of the oral cavity by dentists. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of oral cancer screening using existing dental health infrastructure in Palau. Methods: A mixed methods approach was used to explore topics related to the use of dental care resources in Palau. Primary outcome measures were collected using an electronic survey with closed- and open-ended questions addressing dental health utilization as well as barriers and facilitators to accessing dental care. Secondary measures assessed knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about betel nut use and oral cancer. Open-ended survey questions were analyzed and coded to develop themes based in grounded theory. Results: Two hundred twenty-three surveys were completed. The mean age was 42.7 years, 80% identified as female, and most (94.3%) report having seen a dentist in Palau. Dental care is seen as important (mean score 82.3/100), and 57.9% reported it was easy to access a dentist. Themes regarding facilitators include multilevel resources and transportation. Themes regarding barriers include cost and availability of dentists/appointments. Approximately half of the respondents were current users of betel nut. Conclusion: Our results suggest facilitators are in place to promote seeking and obtaining dental care; however, existing infrastructure may not support an oral cancer screening program. These data provide important areas to address that can improve access and support the implementation of oral cancer screening through existing dental care in the future.

Due to the possible effects of global warming, new materials that do not have a negative impact on the environment are being studied. To serve a variety of industries and outdoor applications, it is necessary to consider the impact of photoluminosity on the performance of biocomposites in order to accurately assess their durability characteristics and prevent substantial damage. Exposure to photoluminosity can result in adverse effects such as discoloration, uneven surface, loss of mass, and manipulation of the intrinsic mechanical properties of biocomposites. This study aims to evaluate general charcoal from three pyrolysis temperatures to understand which charcoal is most suitable for photoluminosity and whether higher pyrolysis temperatures have any significant effect on photoluminosity. Porosity, morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of charcoal were analyzed. Charcoal obtained at a temperature of 800 °C demonstrates remarkable potential as a bioreinforcement in polymeric matrices, attributable to its significantly higher porosity (81.08%) and hydrophobic properties. The biocomposites were characterized for flexural strength, tensile strength, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed an improvement in tensile strength after exposure to photoluminosity, with an increase of 69.24%, 68.98%, and 54.38% at temperatures of 400, 600, and 800 °C, respectively, in relation to the treatment control. It is notorious that the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity after photoluminosity initially had a negative impact on mechanical strength, the incorporation of charcoal from higher pyrolysis temperatures showed a substantial increase in mechanical strength after exposure to photoluminosity, especially at 800 °C with breaking strength of 53.40 MPa, and modulus of elasticity of 4364.30 MPA. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an improvement in morphology, with a decrease in roughness at 800 °C, which led to greater adhesion to the polyester matrix. These findings indicate promising prospects for a new type of biocomposite, particularly in comparison with other polymeric compounds, especially in engineering applications that are subject to direct interactions with the weather.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of digital and traditional methods and strategies in the recruitment of Mexican individuals who smoke into a cessation study. Recruitment method refers in general to either digital or traditional recruitment. Recruitment strategies refer to the particular recruitment type utilized within each recruitment method. Traditional recruitment strategies included radio interviews, word of mouth, newspaper advertisement, posters/banners placed in primary healthcare clinics, and medical referrals. Digital recruitment strategies involved emails and study advertisements through social media (i.e., Facebook, Instagram and Twitter) and website. In a 4-month period, 100 Mexican individuals who smoke were successfully enrolled into a smoking cessation study. The majority of participants were enrolled via traditional recruitment strategies (86%) compared to the digital recruitment strategies (14%). Individuals screened in the digital method were more likely to be eligible to participate in the study, compared to the traditional method. Similarly, in comparison to the traditional method, individuals in the digital method were more likely to enroll in the study. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Both traditional and digital strategies made important contributions to the overall recruitment effort.

Neste trabalho, descrevo e busco refletir acerca do papel desempenhado pela Associação Nacional das Etnias Ciganas (Anec) na articulação política do Projeto de Lei do Senado n. º 248, de 2015, que propõe a instituição do Estatuto do Cigano. Por meio do trabalho de campo, que envolveu a observação participante das articulações políticas em torno da tramitação do projeto do lei, análise de documentos, incursões na vida cotidiana do Acampamento Nova Canaã, sede da Anec, entrevistas semiestruturadas e diálogos abertos, assim como o acesso às narrativas existenciais e das estórias de vida dos atores sociais que constroem a Anec, compilei e interpretei os dados etnográficos à luz dos estudos envolvendo processos identitários e memória, para compreender de que forma os sujeitos envolvidos nesta trama interpretam e atribuem sentido acerca do seu papel no processo de criação do Estatuto. Notei que as narrativas mobilizadas pelo grupo não se restringem a reivindicar um marco normativo com a previsão de políticas públicas para os povos ciganos. Envolvem de forma preponderante o esforço em entrelaçar a trajetória do grupo à luta política dos povos ciganos de modo geral no Brasil, o que ocorre por meio de um ímpeto dicotômico na qual este experimenta seu processo de subjetivação e disputa politicamente a narrativa de atuar como protagonistas na luta por direitos e na proposição do Estatuto do Cigano no Senado Federal

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans has zoonotic tendencies, which can potentially provoke cross-species transmission, including human-to-animal and animal-to-human infection. Consequently, the objective was to analyze the scientific evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 animal infections from potential human transmission. A systematic review was executed following the PRISMA guidelines, in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and LILACS, using the descriptors combined in the following way: ((“SARS-CoV-2” OR “COVID-19” OR “2019-nCoV”) AND (animals OR zoonosis)). The results contemplated the viral susceptibility of about thirty animal species when induced naturally and/or experimentally. The mink & hamster species demonstrated ostensible animal-to-human transmission. Overall, there have been more reports of human contamination by other species than human retransmission from the pathogen. The natural infection of the virus was discovered in domestic dogs & cats, wild cats, deer, minks, rabbits and hamsters. Several animals, including the African green monkeys and rabbits, manifested high levels of viremia, respiratory secretions and fecal excretions of infectious virus conducive to environmental/aerosol transmission. It is still inadequately documented the intrinsic role of such processes, such as the animals' involvement in viral mutations, the emergence of new variants/lineages and the role of the animal host species. Accordingly, this research model type, natural and experimental analysis on varying animal species, corroborates the link between the two aforementioned forms of transmission. Epidemiological surveillance through extensive sequencing of the viral genomes of infected animals and humans can reveal the SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes and anticipate appropriate prophylactic strategies.

Abstract Background In the United States, 88.3% of all 1,163,000 maids and housekeeping cleaners are female, and approximately half of them Latinas. Latinas are understudied and underrepresented in health research, particularly involving chemical exposure in cleaning practices, lack of job training, and inadequate access to personal protective equipment. The purpose of this study is twofold: 1) to examine the knowledge (via training experiences), attitudes and behaviors of a heterogeneous group of Latinas who clean occupationally and 2) to assess their cleaning practices at work and at home. Methods This mixed-method study consisted of two phases: 1) three focus groups to explore knowledge (via training experiences), attitudes, and behaviors regarding cleaning practices (N = 15) and 2) a 43-question cross-sectional survey. Focus group audio recordings were analyzed using descriptive and in vivo coding and then coded inductively to explore thematic analysis. Statistical analysis of the survey evaluated means, frequency and percentage for each of the responses. Results Participants (n = 9) were women (mean age = 48.78 and SD = 6.72) from South America (n = 5), Mexico (n = 1), El Salvador (n = 1) and Dominican Republic (n = 2). The mean length of time living in the US was 18.78 years and over half (55.6%) worked in the cleaning industry for 10 or more years. Findings from the three focus groups (n = 15) included that training in cleaning often occurred informally at a very young age at home. Participants reported cleaning in groups where tasks are rotated and/or shared. Most were the primary person cleaning at home, suggesting increased exposure. Gloves and masks were the most frequently used PPE, but use was not consistent. For participants who purchase their own products, driving factors included price, smell and efficacy. Some participants used products supplied or preferred by the employer. Conclusions Latinas in cleaning occupations face a range of social and health barriers including lack of safety and health training, inadequate PPE and low literacy. To address these issues, the development of an intervention is warranted to provide training and resources for this critical population of essential workers.

O Sistema HLA é composto por glicoproteínas integrais de membrana: as moléculas HLA A, B, C, DR, DO e DP. Entre as principais aplicações desse sistema encontram-se os estudos para os transplantes de medula óssea. Um importante avanço metodológico no estudo do sistema HLA surgiu com a descrição de um teste de microlinfocitotoxicidade: uma microtécnica empregada até os dias de hoje, na qual células portadoras dos HLA são utilizadas como alvo em reações de citotoxicidade desenvolvidas em microplacas específicas (placas Terasaki). A etapa final do método consiste na cobertura da placa com lamínula de vidro e leitura ao microscópio óptico de luz invertida. O presente trabalho apresenta uma técnica alternativa de fechamento da placa Terasaki que permite a leitura em microscópio óptico comum. Resume-se na colocação de um preparado tipo "gel" (Gelatina de Kaiser modificada) sobre a placa Terasaki ao término da metodologia usual, permitindo a inversão da mesma para leitura em microscópio óptico comum. O procedimento técnico de sorologia HLA é desenvolvido normalmente, e após coloração com eosina e fixação com formol neutro, a gelatina é dispensada na placa vagarosamente, devendo cobri-la homogeneamente. A preparação é deixada então à temperatura ambiente até que atinja o estado "gel". A leitura é feita em microscópio óptico comum, colocando-se a placa tampada com o fundo voltado para cima. Foram realizados 20 testes preliminares utilizando-se em paralelo a técnica convencional de fechamento e a técnica alternativa. A técnica mostrou-se econômica e de fácil execução, e a reprodutibilidade das leituras quando comparamos os dois métodos mostrou-se satisfatória. Nas placas em que se utilizou a Gelatina, novas leituras foram realizadas quinzenalmente durante 6 meses, e não se verificaram quaisquer alterações na morfologia celular nem no padrão de leitura.

Abstract Several techniques exploiting machines anisotropies have been proposed in literature for sensorless control of synchronous machines. Among them, the direct flux control (DFC) technique allows estimating the electrical rotor position by exploiting the zero‐sequence voltage of the machine. This work aims at analysing the effects of magnetic saturation on the application of the DFC technique to permanent magnet synchronous machines. This effect is present when stator flux is controlled during machine operation, leading to an error in the estimation of the electrical rotor position. Starting from an analytical model of the machine phase inductances, a complete mathematical description of the DFC technique is derived and presented. The proposed mathematical model shows how the estimated electrical rotor position is biased when operating under load conditions. Moreover, the result of the analysis of the DFC technique allows to refine the obtained estimate and to reduce the electrical rotor estimation error. Experimental results on a test motor are provided in order to verify and support the proposed mathematical model and technique.

Power electronic converters are the subject of several studies and applications. Knowledge about those converters is essential for several technical and undergraduate courses in the field of Electrical Engineering and related areas. The presence of converter modules in laboratories can be beneficial for experimental validations in academic research and educational purposes, for allowing students to have practical contact with different converter topologies and applications. However, the commercially available power converters are generally manufactured for specific applications, with poor versatility and high cost, when applied for academic purposes. For this reason, several laboratories propose the design of versatile converters, mainly for multilevel converter research. Nevertheless, most of these projects present module designs based on half bridge topology due to their low cost. Therefore, this project topology requires more modules to operate as topologies based on a full-bridge converter. Besides, modules based on full-bridge topology can also work in a half-bridge configuration. Thus, this work presents the design of full-bridge modules capable of operating as different types of converters, as well as the project of the dc-link voltage measurement, isolated power supply and bypass circuits. Moreover, this work addresses the heatsink choice, the thermal evaluation for the semiconductor devices and the realization of galvanic isolation between the signal and power circuits.

A complexidade da profissão do arquiteto e urbanista é diversa, portanto, sua graduação precisa ser multidisciplinar. Não é possível desvincular as competências do profissional da área da geoinformação, pois é fundamental compreender de forma rápida e simplificada os padrões espaciais do espaço. Portanto, esse trabalho busca fazer uma análise crítica do processo de formação do arquiteto e urbanista frente ao conhecimento geoinformacional e suas tecnologias, diante das complexidades atuais da área. Utilizando métodos quantitativos para a análises das grades curriculares e qualitativos para o entendimento da geoinformação e suas tecnologias nos trabalhos de conclusão de curso, foi possível entender como se encontra o panorama da área na formação do arquiteto e urbanista no Brasil. Foi possível identificar a baixa obrigatoriedade das disciplinas da área que se refletem na fragilidade das análises espaciais, quando feitas, na fase de pré-projeto. Assim, o trabalho sinaliza para a importância de uma revisão do arcabouço geoinformacional e geotecnológico para os currículos dos arquitetos e urbanistas que melhor contribuem e facilitam na leitura diagnóstica e nas etapas de projeto.

The control of grid-connected converters in stationary reference frame has been investigated in several works of literature. One of the challenges of this method is in the computation of the current computing current references as a function of power references. In some works, this issue has been solved based on instantaneous power theory equations described in the stationary reference frame. However, this approach can lead to steady-state errors in the injected power if there is an error in the current control loop, which is the focus of this investigation. Firstly, analytical expressions are derived to investigate the effect of current loop steady-state error in the active and reactive power injected into the grid. Then, this paper proposes a closed-loop power control for grid-connected inverters controlled in the stationary reference frame. This strategy is experimentally investigated in two power conversion system configurations for battery energy storage systems. The results indicate that the proposed scheme guarantees zero steady-state error in the injected power even when the current loop presents an amplitude and phase steady-state error.

BackgroundLatinos remain disproportionately underrepresented in clinical trials, comprising only 2%-3% of research participants. In order to address health disparities, it is critically important to increase enrollment of Latino smokers in smoking cessation trials. There is limited research examining effective recruitment strategies for this population. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of direct versus mass and high- versus low-effort recruitment strategies on recruitment and retention of Latino smokers to a randomized smoking cessation trial. We also examine how the type of recruitment might have influenced the characteristics of enrolled participants. MethodsLatino smokers were enrolled into Decídetexto from 4 states—New Jersey, Kansas, Missouri, and New York. Participants were recruited from August 2018 until March 2021. Mass recruitment strategies included English and Spanish advertisements to the Latino community via flyers, Facebook ads, newspapers, television, radio, church bulletins, and our Decídetexto website. Direct, high-effort strategies included referrals from clinics or community-based organizations with whom we partnered, in-person community outreach, and patient registry calls. Direct, low-effort strategies included texting or emailing pre-existing lists of patients who smoked. A team of trained bilingual (English and Spanish) recruiters from 9 different Spanish-speaking countries of origin conducted recruitment, assessed eligibility, and enrolled participants into the trial. ResultsOf 1112 individuals who were screened, 895 (80.5%) met eligibility criteria, and 457 (457/895, 51.1%) enrolled in the trial. Within the pool of screened individuals, those recruited by low-effort recruitment strategies (both mass and direct) were significantly more likely to be eligible (odds ratio [OR] 1.67, 95% CI 1.01-2.76 and OR 1.70, 95% CI 0.98-2.96, respectively) and enrolled in the trial (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.81-3.73 and OR 3.02, 95% CI 2.03-4.51, respectively) compared with those enrolled by direct, high-effort strategies. Among participants enrolled, the retention rates at 3 months and 6 months among participants recruited via low-effort strategies (both mass and direct) were similar to participants recruited via direct, high-effort methods. Compared with enrolled participants recruited via direct (high- and low-effort) strategies, participants recruited via mass strategies were less likely to have health insurance (44.0% vs 71.2% and 71.7%, respectively; P

BackgroundSmoking remains a major public health issue among Chinese immigrants. Smoking cessation programs that focus on this population are scarce and have a limited population-level impact due to their low reach. Mobile messaging interventions have the potential to reach large audiences and expand smokers’ access to smoking cessation treatment. ObjectiveThis study describes the development of a culturally and linguistically appropriate mobile messaging smoking cessation intervention for Chinese immigrant smokers delivered via WeChat, the most frequently used social media platform among Chinese people globally. MethodsThis study had 2 phases. In phase 1, we developed a mobile message library based on social cognitive theory and the US Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence. We culturally adapted messages from 2 social cognitive theory-based text messaging smoking cessation programs (SmokefreeTXT and Decídetexto). We also developed new messages targeting smokers who were not ready to quit smoking and novel content addressing Chinese immigrant smokers’ barriers to quitting and common misconceptions related to willpower and nicotine replacement therapy. In phase 2, we conducted in-depth interviews with 20 Chinese immigrant smokers (including 7 women) in New York City between July and August 2021. The interviews explored the participants’ smoking and quitting experiences followed by assessment of the text messages. Participants reviewed 17 text messages (6 educational messages, 3 self-efficacy messages, and 8 skill messages) via WeChat and rated to what extent the messages enhanced their motivation to quit, promoted confidence in quitting, and increased awareness about quitting strategies. The interviews sought feedback on poorly rated messages, explored participant preferences for content, length, and format, discussed their concerns with WeChat cessation intervention, and solicited recommendations for frequency and timing of messages. ResultsOverall, participants reported that the messages enhanced their motivation to quit, offered encouragement, and made them more informed about how to quit. Participants particularly liked the messages about the harms of smoking and strategies for quitting. They reported barriers to applying some of the quitting strategies, including coping with stress and staying abstinent at work. Participants expressed strong interest in the WeChat mobile messaging cessation intervention and commented on its potential to expand their access to smoking cessation treatment. ConclusionsMobile messages are well accepted by Chinese immigrant smokers. Research is needed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of WeChat mobile messaging smoking cessation interventions for promoting abstinence among Chinese immigrant smokers.

É inquestionável o sucesso do Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física na melhoria do Ensino de Física na Educação Básica, no entanto seus impactos também podem ser percebidos na Educação Superior. Esta carta ao editor pretende destacar a importância deste Mestrado através do impacto nas publicações de pesquisas desenvolvidas no estado do Tocantins.

Abstract White matter (WM) abnormalities in patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD) have been studied; however, the reported effects on the human brain are heterogenous and most results have been obtained from male participants. In addition, biological data supporting the imaging findings and revealing possible mechanisms underlying the neurotoxic effects of chronic cocaine use (CU) on WM are largely restricted to animal studies. To evaluate the neurotoxic effects of CU in the WM, we performed an in vivo diffusion tensor imaging assessment of male and female cocaine users (n = 75) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 58). Moreover, we performed an ex vivo large-scale proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in postmortem brains of patients with CUD (n = 8) and HC (n = 12). Compared with the HC, the CUD group showed significant reductions in global fractional anisotropy (FA) (p

The thread herring Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) is a small pelagic fish distributed in the western margin of the Atlantic Ocean from the United States to Argentina. It is a target species for diverse commercial fisheries, including the Brazilian industrial purse seine fleets that operate in the Southeastern Brazilian Bight. To investigate the geographic variation in the thread herring populations in this fishing ground, sagittal otoliths were collected from two areas: Rio de Janeiro (RJ: 23°04′ S, 44°03′ W) and Santa Catarina (SC: 26°05′ S, 48°18′ W). Otolith shape analyses and multi-elemental signatures were statistically evaluated using elliptical Fourier descriptors and elemental/Ca ratios. Remarkable differences in the thread herring otoliths between the two areas were found. The previous scenario in which the thread herring constitutes a single panmictic population in the Atlantic Ocean is now debatable. The implications of these results in terms of rational fisheries management for this species are highlighted.

Feeding ecology is an integrative procedure to highlight different diets, associating feeding trends with governing and regulation factors characterizing foraging species and their environments, respectively. The diet variability of seven fish species forming a community in a Neotropical riverine system was analyzed to characterize the resource and consumer linkages, providing a detailed assessment of adaptive feeding behaviors of fishes living in different ecological states transiting from natural/resilient spaces to anthropic pressions-linked disturbed ones. Fishes were sampled along four sites during a year, and their stomach contents were analyzed. Feeding data were analyzed by applying quali- and quantitative methods with multi-levels and multifactor aspects to determine target food categories (percentage of occurrence) and identify feeding patterns (correspondence and cluster analyses, CA-HCA). Factors and scales governing target food categories were also tested. A total of 483 stomachs were dissected, and 30 food categories were identified. CA-HCA highlighted 10 feeding trends (FTs) combining several foods co-occurring at distinct levels. These FTs indicated characteristic diets and high diversity of feeding behaviors concerning multiple and narrow diets, different alimentary needs related to ecomorphological features, different plasticity ranges (adaptability, tolerance) and a spatial governing effect (headwater to river mouth environmental quality loss). These multiple factors provided essential information on overcoming ways of environmental constraints and optimization ways of food balances helping to better manage the richness and working of neotropical river systems.

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Abstract Despite major advances in the study of the brain, investigations on neurochemistry in vivo still lack the solid ground of more established methods, such as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a technique that might potentially fill in this gap. Nevertheless, studies using this approach feature great methodological heterogeneity, such as varying voxel of choice, differences on emphasized metabolites, and absence of a standardized unit. In this study, we present a methodology for creating a systematic review and meta-analysis for this kind of scientific evidence using the prototypical case of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42018112418.

Background. While overall trends in tobacco use among men are declining, tobacco use continues to rise significantly among women in developing countries. This study aimed to explore the gender-related beliefs and attitudes about tobacco use and smoking cessation in Mexico, one of the top five Latin America countries with the highest prevalence of tobacco consumption. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted using an explanatory qualitative methods design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 adults smokers (8 women & 6 men) who visited primary healthcare clinics in Mexico City. Two researchers independently coded the interviews and applied the final codes upon consensus. Inter-rater reliability was assessed for four groups of codewords (92% agreement), based on an ecological model on socio-cultural factors. Findings. Initiation to smoking in women begins out of curiosity, and in men by imitation. Also, women start using tobacco at an older age compared to men. During maintenance of smoking, women report experiencing loneliness and anxiety about multiple responsibilities, e.g. women reveal that they feel guilty when they smoke due to their maternal role as caregivers. Additionally, some women report that smoking is a symbol of freedom, recalling the media messages associated with promoting tobacco products. Among men, the results show that they smoke for pleasure and to socialize, and consider that women smoke to imitate men and feel powerful. Regarding cessation, women are ambivalent about quitting smoking or not, and men mention not needing professional support. For organizational barriers, women mention the cost of treatment and men, the distance to clinics. Conclusion. Smoking cessation interventions should be proposed from an approach that involves changes in social norms, seeking a more equitable relationship between men and women. Therefore, there must be broad engagement from different sectors and not just at the health sector level.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a associação entre o uso da mídia social e comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais e identificar preditores desses comportamentos. Métodos: Estudo realizado com 207 estudantes de Nutrição. Foram aplicadas três medidas para obter dados sociodemográficos, uso da mídia social e comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais (Eating Attitudes Test-26). A associação entre o uso da mídia social e os comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais foi verificada pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (p < 0,05). Regressão logística binária foi conduzida para avaliar preditores dos comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais, considerando as razões de chance. Resultados: Comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais foram verificados em 27,9% dos estudantes de Nutrição. As variáveis de uso da mídia social associadas aos comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais incluem o hábito de acompanhar dicas alimentares e de consumir alimentos sugeridos pela mídia, o tempo de uso, seguir dieta e/ou orientação nutricional, motivação para seguir uma dieta sem um acompanhamento nutricional e consumo de alimentos e fármacos para a perda de peso. Os preditores dos comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais foram: “Já consumi alimentos propostos pela mídia com o intuito de perda de peso” e “Ao observar corpos disseminados como ‘belos’ pela mídia, me sinto motivado a seguir uma dieta sem um acompanhamento nutricional adequado por um nutricionista”. Conclusões: Diversas crenças e comportamentos orientados ao uso da mídia social estão associados aos comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais em estudantes de Nutrição, em que se destacam maiores razões de chances para o desenvolvimento de comportamentos de risco quando há consumo de alimentos para perda de peso e motivação para seguir dieta sem acompanhamento nutricional, mesmo por esse grupo.

The Photovoltaic (PV) inverters operating with ancillary service capability have been discussed as a solution to improve the power quality of the electrical grid. In this context, the PV inverters can be used to provide services such as Harmonic Current Compensation (HCC). However, the analysis of how much this extra functionality can affect the reliability of the PV inverter is necessary.Thus, this work analyzes the lifetime of a three-phase PV inverter taking into account the degradation of the semiconductor devices (IGBTs and diodes) and the dc-link capacitors. The compensation of the 5th and 7th harmonic current components (and their combination) are considered.The lifetime evaluation is performed based on an mission profiles of solar irradiance, ambient temperature, harmonic current amplitude and phase-angle. Based on the results of the adopted case study, the HCC operation increases the lifetime consumption of the IGBTs, diodes and dc-link capacitors. Compared to traditional PV inverter operation, The results reveals a reduction in the predicted B10 lifetime of 3.4 and 4.1 years, when the PV inverter compensates 5th and 7th harmonic, respectively. The reduction is even more significant (5.6 years) when the 5th and 7th harmonic component are simultaneously compensated.

In recent years, Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) have been widely used in medium/high voltage applications, such as high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, and pointed out as a promising solution for battery energy storage systems (BESS) and static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), according to recent research. Especially, in BESS application, the current and voltage conditions in the battery bank are fundamental to evaluate thermal dynamic, reliability, and lifetime. However, depending on the voltage and power levels, MMC is based on hundreds of SMs. Thus, the full MMC system implementation can be costly and complex for operational and reliability tests. In this sense, the so-called mission profile emulators (MPE), have been developed to emulate the voltage and current in an SM and batteries. The MPE eliminates the need to implement the full converter and contributes to more agile tests of the MMC dynamics, resulting in the design of more reliable converters. In addition, the MPE can be used to obtain battery current and arm current spectrum similar to those obtained in MMC. This work presents a detailed design and implementation of the MPE for an MMC-based BESS. The MPE is validated in simulations and in a reduced-scale prototype.

The lack of consensus regarding pollinator decline in various parts of the planet has generated intense debates in different spheres. Consequently, much research has attempted to identify the leading causes of this decline, and a multifactorial synergism (i.e., different stressors acting together and mutually potentiating the harmful effects) seems to be the emerging consensus explaining this phenomenon. The emphasis on some stressor groups such as agrochemicals, and pollinators such as the honey bee Apis mellifera, can hide the real risk of anthropogenic stressors on pollinating insects. In the present study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify general and temporal trends in publications, considering the different groups of pollinators and their exposure to agrochemicals over the last 76 years. Through an artificial intelligence (AI)-aided meta-analysis, we quantitatively assessed trends in publications on bee groups and agrochemicals. Using AI tools through machine learning enabled efficient evaluation of a large volume of published articles. Toxicological assessment of the impact of agrochemicals on insect pollinators is dominated by the order Hymenoptera, which includes honey bees. Although honey bees are well-explored, there is a lack of published articles exploring the toxicological assessment of agrochemicals for bumble bees, solitary bees, and stingless bees. The data gathered provide insights into the current scenario of the risk of pollinator decline imposed by agrochemicals and serve to guide further research in this area.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://asreview.nl/.