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Hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic alteration in the clinical routine of newborn dogs, acting as a predictor of mortality in these patients. The neonatal dog shows hepatic insufficiency and homeostatic mechanisms not yet fully developed, with limited glycogen reserves and limited capacity to perform glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. These physiological particularities make newborn dogs particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia when of fasting, even for short periods. Several maternal and neonatal factors may be related to a higher risk of developing hypoglycemia in neonates. This paper reviews glycemic homeostasis, the pathophysiology of neonatal hypoglycemia, the main causes involved and the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this condition.

Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from sewage sludge has become one of the main biotechnologies implemented in view of the circular economy application in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) management. In this study, domestic sewage sludge collected from three WWTPs over two-year experiments was subjected to acidogenic fermentation. The fermented liquid was recovered through an ultrafiltration membrane. The membrane fouling was analysed in detail by applying the resistance in series model, revealing the major role of the extra polymeric substances in the reversible fouling, accounting for 91.2 % of the total resistance. Finally, the major contribution of the carbon footprint assessment was due to the indirect emissions (1.30 kg CO2eq/m3). The study has the novelty of providing an in-depth understanding of MBR membrane fouling used for solid/liquid separation in a plant aimed at VFA recovery from sewage sludge acidogenic fermentation. Also, the carbon footprint assessment provides insights regarding the environmental impact of VFA recovery through ultrafiltration membrane.

Purpose – The National Association for Professional Development Schools (NAPDS) recognizes that there is a tendency for the term “PDS” (Professional Development School) to be used as a catch-all for various relationships that constitute school–university partnership work. The intent of this NAPDS statement is to assert the essentials, or fundamental qualities, of a PDS. NAPDS encourages all those working in school–university relationships to embrace the Nine Essentials of PDSs communicated in this statement. The Essentials are written in tangible, rather than abstract, language and represent practical goals toward which work in a PDS should be directed. Design/methodology/approach – Policy statement. Findings – NAPDS maintains that these Nine Essentials need to be present for a school-university relationship to be called a PDS. Without having all nine, the relationship that exists between a school/district and college/university, albeit however strong, would not be a PDS. How individual PDSs meet these essentials will vary from location to location, but they all need to be in place to justify the use of the term “PDS.” Practical implications – For those in established PDSs, some aspects of this document will be confirmed, while other aspects may be identified as needing attention. For those aspiring to establish PDSs, the authors offer this statement as a useful guide for their work. NAPDS invites individuals involved in school–university partnerships to share this statement with colleagues in the spirit of continuous improvement. By coming to terms with the challenges and opportunities inherent in this statement, the study can collectively fulfill the vision of this remarkable and distinct partnership called PDS. Originality/value – This policy statement articulates how the Nine Essentials are the foundation of PDS work.

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to unpack more deeply Essential 2: Clinical Preparation. This article offers a comparison of the first and second editions of Essential 2 and also provides resources and activities partners can use and engage in to deepen their work on the clinical preparation of teachers. Originality/value – This article is being resubmitted so that it can be reprinted with the other Nine Essential articles.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the key aspects and give examples of Essential 4 of the Second Edition of the National Association for Professional Development Schools (NAPDS) Nine Essentials.

Purpose – This paper aims to provide details around Essential 8 of the Second Edition of the National Association for Professional Development Schools (NAPDS) Nine Essentials (NAPDS, 2021), which focuses on boundary spanning roles across university and P-12 school settings. Design/methodology/approach – This paper represents an in-depth look at one element of a policy statement of the NAPDS. The Nine Essentials were reviewed over a 4-year period through meetings, focus groups and symposia with various stakeholder groups. These provided context and information for both the revision of the policy statement and the writing of this article (and the other articles in the series). Findings – The intention of this series of articles is to provide a deepened understanding of the complexities of P-12 School and University partnerships. Each of the essential elements provides a framework for developing new PDSs and sustaining existing partnerships for the long term. Originality/value – This is a reprint request.

Purpose – To detail the revised Essential #1. Design/methodology/approach – This is a description and case study of Essential #1. Findings – This article includes the following elements: details of the rationale behind the revisions to the Essential; highlights of the specific changes to the Essential; and definitions of the key concepts related to the Essential. Practical implications – This article provides the following: a “Deepening Our Learning” section, with a description of the Essential in action that might help others to integrate this ideal into their teaching and teacher education practices; and a reflection on potential impacts of the new elements of each Essential on existing or new PDS work. Originality/value – This article provides a description and application of the revised Essential #1.

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to describe the important aspects and provide examples of Essential 5 in the Second Edition of the National Association for Professional Development Schools (NAPDS) Nine Essentials.

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to describe key aspects of and provide examples of Essential 6 of the Second Edition of the National Association for Professional Development Schools (NAPDS) Nine Essentials.

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide a description as well as examples related to Essential 3 in the Second Edition of the NAPDS Nine Essentials.

Purpose – The study aims to review the Nine Essentials. Design/methodology/approach – The authors worked with groups from different conferences to gather data. Findings – A PDS (Professional Development School) is built upon shared, sustainable governance structures that promote collaboration, foster reflection and honor and value all participants’ voices. Originality/value – Nine Essentials are foundational to PDS work.

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to describe the key aspects of and provide examples about Essential Nine of the Second Edition of the National Association for Professional Development Schools (NAPDS) Nine Essentials.

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can be commonly associated with the occurrence of immune-related adverse drug reactions (irADRs), which can involve any tissue and organ. ICI-induced skin toxicities are common irADRs and they can be a consequence of a rheumatologic ADR, such as in the case of scleroderma. A recent literature review reported that scleroderma and scleroderma mimics represent a group of disorders with significant morbidity that have been described during ICIs’ use. Objective and Methods Considering the clinical significance of scleroderma cases, the present study aimed to analyze the occurrence of these events in patients receiving ICIs by describing data from individual case safety reports (ICSRs) retrieved from the European spontaneous reporting system, EudraVigilance (EV). Results Until February 2023, 70 ICSRs with at least one ICI as the suspected drug and at least one preferred term (PT) related to scleroderma cases were retrieved from the EV. Pembrolizumab was reported as suspected in 41 ICSRs, nivolumab in 25 ICSRs, ipilimumab in 8 ICSRs and atezolizumab in 3 ICSRs. Patients who experienced scleroderma cases were adults, and no differences were found in terms of sex distribution. Scleroderma cases were mainly classified as serious, while the outcome was mainly reported as favorable. The most reported PTs were scleroderma and morphea. Conclusions Considering the seriousness of ICI-induced scleroderma cases and the recent marketing authorization of some ICIs, we believe that further high-quality clinical studies should be conducted on this topic to better estimate the impact of these events in patients with cancer.

The sea bottom acts as a key natural archive where the memory of long-term timescale environmental changes is recorded. This study discusses some ecological and chemical features of fjord sediments that were explored during the AREX cruise carried out in the Svalbard archipelago in the summer of 2021. The activity rates of the enzymes leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), beta-glucosidase (GLU), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) and community-level physiological profiles (CLPPs) were studied with the aim of determining the functional diversity of the benthic microbial community, while bacterial isolates were screened for their susceptibility to antibiotics in order to explore the role of these extreme environments as potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance. Enzyme activity rates were obtained using fluorogenic substrates, and CLPPs were obtained using Biolog Ecoplates; antibiotic susceptibility assays were performed through the standard disk diffusion method. Spatial trends observed in the functional profiles of the microbial community suggested variability in the microbial community’s composition, presumably related to the patchy distribution of organic substrates. Complex carbon sources, carbohydrates, and amino acids were the organic polymers preferentially metabolized by the microbial community. Multi-resistance to enrofloxacin and tetracycline was detected in all of the examined samples, stressing the role of sediments as a potential reservoir of chemical wastes ascribable to antibiotic residuals. This study provides new insights on the health status of fjord sediments of West Spitsbergen, applying a dual ecological and biochemical approach. Microbial communities in the fjord sediments showed globally a good functional diversity, suggesting their versatility to rapidly react to changing conditions. The lack of significant diversification among the three studied areas suggests that microbial variables alone cannot be suitable descriptors of sediment health, and that additional measures (i.e., physical–chemical characteristics) should be taken to better define environmental status.

Our paper aims at analysing the linguistic "features" produced by Arabic learners of Italian as a foreign language. There are published studies of common errors for Arab students of Italian (Della Puppa, 2006; Giacalone Ramat et al., 2001). However, this study introduces the standardized language assessment, namely the CILS test of Italian, as context of research. The study uses error analysis as a method to improve didactic strategies for teachers considering the detected language needs and profiles of Arabic learners. The data is a representative sample of 200 test takers of CEFR level B2, is the level that guarantees the access to the Italian universities to foreign students. First, the study investigates the test outcomes in the four language skills (listening, reading, written and oral production) and the use of language, and then focuses on the exam scripts, in order to identify different types of errors that occur repeatedly.