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In Arabic, the metaphoricity of cancer disease has received some research, particularly from the perspective of a target domain. However, cancer from the perspective of a source domain awaits systematic analysis. To fill this gap, this paper has the following aims: 1) To explore the types of phenomena that correspond to cancer as a metaphor in Arabic from the perspective a source domain; and 2) To discuss the factors that might influence and/or sustain the use of cancer as a metaphor from the perspective of a source domain and its implications in Arabic. The analysis and findings of two Arabic corpora (King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology Arabic Corpus and the Arabic corpus of Brigham Young University) showed the emergence of ten topic areas and themes that correspond to cancer as a metaphor in Arabic from the perspective a source domain, ordered from the most to least frequent: ISRAEL, CORRUPTION, VIOLENCE/TERRORISM/CONFLICT, PEOPLE/GROUP(S) OF PEOPLE, IDEOLOGY/RELIGION/ BELIEF, COGNITION/EMOTION/SENSATION, ARCHITECTURE/ENVIRONMENT, FINANCE/ ECONOMY/POVERTY, UNCLASSIFIED, and PLACE/LOCATION/COUNTRY. The following factors might impact and/or perpetuate the use of this metaphor in the Arabic discourse: 1) the negative correspondences between cancer disease and the described phenomena as metaphorical cancers grounded in 2) the embodied and real-world experiences and shared knowledge and understandings of cancer disease, and 3) the socio-political unrest in the Middle East region and its consequences of financial pressures, health challenges, and humanitarian crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on corpus-stylistic techniques and measures the concept of lexical luxury being considered as a stylistic marker in literary work represented by Scott Fitzgerald's novels. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of measuring lexical luxury using corpus-based methodologies and techniques. It looks at how lexical luxury is used as a stylistic marker in literary works. The study hypothesizes that corpus stylistics frames a rather reliable source of verifying the validity of controversial issues about lexical luxury measurements; Type/Token Ratio is a measure that can efficiently determine the size of the lexical luxury when an analyst analyzes a text; the high percentages of lexical luxury are based on the high concentrations of lexical items resulting in a denser lexicality. The corpus in this study is designed and compiled on the principles of corpus linguistics as well as corpus stylistics, then, processed via WordjSmith Tools (8.0) to get the tokens; types, and word frequencies. The lexical items and function words are analyzed using Ure's method, then percentages of lexical luxury are obtained. The percentages represent lexical luxury profiles for each novel. After that, the whole statistical output is graphically plotted using Microsoft Office Excel. This study found that corpus-based stylistic studies have proven to be effective in exploring specific aspects of style. However, corpus stylistics makes significant use of statistical descriptions offered by trustworthy and authentic measures such as Type/Token Ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Persian verb "xâstan" exhibits a dual nature, functioning both as an auxiliary verb and a lexical verb. As a lexical verb, it conveys a range of meanings expressed through various syntactic structures. This research delved into the syntactic and semantic aspects of the mentioned verb in different constructions. The authors proposed that Role and Reference Grammar (RRG), with its focus on complex structures, could provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing the constructions under consideration. RRG conceptualizes complex structures based on "Interclausal Relations Hierarchy", which comprises two syntactic and semantic continua. The syntactic continuum examines juncture -nexus relations, while the semantic continuum explores the type of semantic relations based on the main predicate. This study endeavored to describe the various applications of the verb "xâstan" within the mentioned framework. Additionally, the research findings were employed to evaluate the tenets of RRG. The findings revealed that, semantically, the verb "xâstan" fell within the categories of psych -action, jussive, and propositional attitude predicates. Syntactically, it manifested in the forms of core cosubordination and core subordination. The data for this research were extracted from the corpus of Hamshahri 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of information retrieval systems and natural language processing tools has been made possible for many natural languages because of the availability of natural language resources and corpora. Although Amharic is the working language of Ethiopia, it is still an under-resourced language. There are no adequate resources and corpora for Amharic ad-hoc retrieval evaluation to date. The existing ones are not publicly accessible and are not suitable for making scientific evaluation of information retrieval systems. To promote the development of Amharic ad-hoc retrieval, we build an ad-hoc retrieval test collection that consists of raw text, morphologically annotated stem-based and root-based corpora, a stopword list, stem-based and root-based lexicons, and WordNet-like resources. We also created word embeddings using the raw text and morphologically segmented forms of the corpora. When building these resources and corpora, we heavily consider the morphological characteristics of the language. The aim of this paper is to present these Amharic resources and corpora that we made available to the research community for information retrieval tasks. These resources and corpora are also evaluated experimentally and by linguists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the adoption of mixed methods designs (MMDs) in applied linguistics research (2007–2021) and the types most commonly adopted. A purposive sample of a corpus of 300 applied linguistics research studies published in the specified period were selected. These articles were examined to identify their use of MMDs and their types. To determine the MMD types, Creswell and Plano Clark's (2017) classification of MMDs was employed. The results revealed that MMDs appeared in the corpus in the fourth place, following qualitative, quantitative and quantitative/qualitative designs. The most common types of MMDs were found to be the convergent design firstly, followed by the explanatory sequential design. The exploratory sequential design did not appear in the investigated corpus. The greatest occurrence of these designs was found in the period 2012–2016, followed by 2017–2021. Regarding the most frequent subtypes, data analysis revealed that the data transformation, parallel database, questionnaire and fully integrated variants were the most prevalent designs. The case-selection variant did not appear in the corpus. The study recommends more attention to adopting MMDs in applied linguistics research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the relations between intellectual capital (IC) and innovation. It links interest in the macro-effects of intellectual capital, typically found in cross-sectional studies on the effects of intellectual capital, to micro-studies of the performativity of intellectual capital. The former literature suffers from a lack of attention to the mechanisms that produce innovation, and the latter suffers from its focus on stabilising decisions in uncertain situations. The paper draws on the notion of perlocutionary performativity, which, in addition to suggesting that IC provokes effects, underlines that particular directions of these effects are uncertain, if not unknown. To show the mechanism through which perlocutions work, the paper draws on Butler's (1993; 1997) distinction between citability and ex-citability. According to this perspective, a citation of an IC corpus of expressions (citations, references, information) may be transformed, by being circulated (re-cited) and brought into a new potentially innovative arrangement, something which goes beyond (ex-cites) the cited reference. Over time, IC citations provoke innovation. Such a relation can be traced as a bushy form of innovation, which develops from a set of IC citations that have some durability in being reproduced regularly. The paper shows, through the analysis of two decades of reporting from Autostrade, that IC is both a set of disciplined citations of a particular kind of use value, a set of obligations to invest along this use value, and an unpredictable capitalisation of items of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document analysis sought to examine the nature and scope of articles relating to teaching and giftedness published in Australia's only gifted education journal - the Australasian Journal of Gifted Education (AJGE) from 1992 to 2024. Utilising the Publish or Perish software program to identify a corpus of related literature published in the AJGE since its inception, 43 articles were chosen as fitting the search criteria. For each article, basic descriptors are provided including the frequency of citing other research from within the AJGE. Previous research has identified limitations in Australian gifted education research but also acknowledged the small and relatively young field's promising achievement of a level of recognition through a developing citation profile (Jolly et al., 2024). Yet this could be enhanced through a more dedicated commitment on the part of Australian researchers to cite relevant Australian research wherever possible, to ensure the continued progression of our citation profile. This study provides insight into citing patterns by AJGE authors in one topic area, in the hope that it will encourage future contributors to more frequently examine and cite local research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is an intra- and interlinguistic reflection on the expressions relating to the semantic field of DISABILITY1 in the main Italian and German lexicographic resources as well as in the two laws regulating and guaranteeing the right to participation of disabled people and promoting their integration in Italy and Germany, respectively (the "Legge-quadro per l'assistenza, l'integrazione sociale e i diritti delle persone handicappate" of the 5th february 1992 n. 104 and the "Gesetz zur Stärkung der Teilhabe und Selbsbestimmung von Menschen mit Behinderungen"). First, the general and specialised Italian and German monolingual lexicographic resources will be taken into account in order to draw preliminary conclusions concerning the lexicographical landscape (Section 2). After a description of the theoretical framework, the use of these expressions in the two legislative texts will be analysed by means of corpus linguistic tools. In particular, the focus will be put on the most frequent and most typical lexemes of the two compiled corpora (LQH and BTHG) and a selection of those will be examined according to their collocational structures (Section 3). As a result, a general picture of terminology related to the sematic field of DISABILITY in both languages will be given and contrastive reflections, serving as a starting point for subsequent and broader analyses, will be formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces triangulation to converge evidence from corpus and experimental data, by means of two case studies in second language (L2) learners of Greek. The first case study investigates the acquisition of gender agreement, while the second probes the development of relative clauses. In both studies, findings from the corpus are tested against online experimentation using eye‐tracking and self‐paced reading tasks, a combination that is scarce in research implementing triangulation. The findings suggest that methodological convergence yields both congruous and incongruous evidence. However, both types of evidence contribute to a nuanced understanding of the linguistic phenomena under study, as well as the different perspectives from which they are approached. The article concludes that such an approach to triangulation can significantly contribute to enhancing the reliability and validity of the findings, provided that methodological convergence has been achieved at the design level of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A perennial topic of research on giftedness has been individuals' perceptions of and attitudes towards giftedness, the gifted, and gifted education. Although giftedness is a culturally constructed concept, most examination of the term's meanings and implications has used reactive measures (i.e., surveys) to tap respondents' giftedness-related perceptions and attitudes within the context of formal education. To provide a better understanding of the cultural meanings associated with giftedness—the term's cultural framing—we investigated the depiction of giftedness within a professional cultural product removed from education, namely, a large corpus of US fictional texts. We examined patterns of word usage in the vicinity of the term gift*, when used in the dictionary senses related to giftedness, in a large corpus of US fictional texts of recent decades, consisting of 485,179 text samples and 1,002,889,754 word tokens. Via inductive methods of quantitative text analysis, we explored themes occurring in the vicinity of gift*; and with an existing lookup dictionary, we assessed deductively the overall emotional valance of the writing near gift*. Our investigation revealed ways in which the literary exploration of giftedness coheres with and distinguishes itself from the outlooks on giftedness noted for survey-based research in education settings. In fictional texts, giftedness evinces special associations with humanities domains and beauty and, on balance, correlates positively with emotionally positive words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary This paper first describes the difficulties in providing the required sample sizes for clinical trials that guarantee type 1 and type 2 error control. The required sample sizes obviously depend on the test employed, and in this study we use the so‐called E‐test, which is known to have extremely favourable size properties and higher power than alternatives. To compute exact powers for this test in real time is not currently feasible, so a corpus of pre‐computed exact powers (and sizes) was created, covering sample sizes up to 500. When there are no solutions within the corpus, a novel extrapolation technique is used. Exact size can be computed after the sample sizes have been extracted; however, for the E‐test the exact size is virtually always very close to the nominal target. All the code has been converted into an R‐package, which is available on CRAN and illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article is committed to diachronic text linguistics. It aims to discuss the transformation processes of (media) text genres using the example of the weather forecast. The focus is on the development of a specific programme over the last 40 years on the German television channel ARD. The study examines the changes of the TV weather forecast over the course of the period under investigation and as a consequence how widely its programme has varied and to what extent it has been standardized. Based on the standard features of the weather forecast, I attempt to clarify the differences in its text-genre-specific and stylistic design using the selected corpus. The processes of change are thus described from a text-linguistic point of view, whereby the changes at the level of the communication situation, text function, text structure, topic or sub-topics, as well as the multimodal constitution of the text are analysed. The aim of the study is to determine which features can be observed over the years in the established text genre of the selected television weather forecast, and how they can be explained. In this way, understanding of the processes of change in media texts will hopefully be furthered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs a corpus-based approach to examine and compare the use of two discourse markers (DMs), "you know" and "I mean", within the context of two mediatised English political interviews. The analysis encompasses frequencies, functions, co-occurrences, and positional distributions of these DMs. The study utilizes specialized corpora from two political interview programs: CGTN's The Point with Liu Xin and BBC's HARDtalk. The frequency analysis reveals that "you know" is statistically more prevalent than "I mean" in both programs, reflecting the spontaneity, interactivity, and need for clarification characteristic of political interviews. Notably, the Chinese interviewer (IR) uses "you know" more extensively, possibly due to a cultural preference for ensuring mutual understanding and engaging the audience, while the British IR employs "I mean" slightly more frequently, likely reflecting a tendency to clarify or reframe statements for precision. Functionally, these DMs serve diverse purposes such as hedging, agreeing, and monitoring across various domains including interpersonal, sequential, and rhetorical. Positional analysis shows "you know" typically appearing medially and "I mean" often in initial positions. These results underscore the distinctive interviewing styles of the two IRs and the pivotal role of these DMs in fulfilling a spectrum of communicative functions. This research offers valuable insights into the interviewer's perspective in political interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how the concept of norms of speech and thought presentation relates to speech and thought presentation in actual texts with reference to the examination of two corpora, Semino and Short's discourse presentation corpus, and a corpus of contemporary present-tense fiction. Through this approach, we review the meanings of the norms in each kind of discourse presentation. Leech and Short suggest that the norm of speech presentation is direct speech (DS) and the norm of thought presentation is indirect thought (IT). Examining their claim quantitatively and qualitatively, we will discuss how forms of speech and thought presentation are chosen in different socio-lingual contexts. Our examination strongly indicates that DS predominantly serves as the norm for speech presentation. However, thought presentation exhibits a higher degree of variability, influenced by genre, text type, and narrative tense and mode, and thus our investigation did not ascertain a singular category that consistently prevails quantitatively over others in thought presentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a new Turkish social media influencer corpus consisting of 30 YouTube vlogs, this study explores young adults' translanguaging practices, prevalent linguistic events, and spatial repertoires in communication. The analysis focuses on vlogs, where linguistic resources become available in relation to the activities, audience, and organization of places or objects and young adults' translanguaging practices and their situated functions. The findings demonstrate how to use translanguaging as a comprehensive methodology to analyze communication unfolding with multimodal, multilingual, and digital semiotic repertoires at speakers' disposal and for the imagined audience integral to the communication in vlogs. Taking a corpus-linguistics perspective to translanguaging, we propose a usage-based focus and undertake a broader understanding of translanguaging as a linguistic and multimodal phenomenon. 30 YouTube vlogundan oluşan yeni bir Türk sosyal medya etkileyicileri derlemine dayanan bu çalışma, genç yetişkinlerin diller ötesi pratiklerini, vloglarda hakim olan dilsel olayları ve iletişimdeki mekansal repertuarlarını incelemektedir. Analizin odağında genç yetişkinlerin dilsel kaynaklarının, etkinlikler, izleyici ve mekanların veya nesnelerin düzenlenmesi, diller ötesi pratikler ve bu pratiklerin yerleşik işlevleri ile ilişkili olarak kullanılabilir hale geldiği vloglar bulunmaktadır. Bulgular, vloglardaki iletişimin ayrılmaz bir parçası olan hayali izleyici için üretilen iletişimin konuşmacıların tasarrufunda olan çoklu modlu, çokdilli ve dijital göstergesel repertuarlar ile bir bütün olduğunu ve bu iletişimi çözümlemek için kapsamlı bir metodoloji olan diller ötesilik kuramının kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, diller ötesiliği derlembilim destekli bir yaklaşımla ele alarak, kullanıma dayalı bir odak önermekte ve diller ötesiliği dilbilimsel ve çok modlu bir olgu olarak daha kapsamlı bir anlayışla ele almaktadır. In our research, we look at how people use language in their everyday online videos (vlogs). Central to our study is the concept of translanguaging. It is a practical theory of language that helps us understand how people use different languages together, get creative with language, and create new ways of communicating online. This perspective goes beyond the traditional view, which treats multilingualism as simply switching between distinct linguistic systems. This is especially important on social media where global and local influences interact, and users access new activity spaces. We built a specialized corpus that contains 30 vlogs of six Turkish social media influencers on YouTube and used software called ELAN. This helped us analyze how they use both languages and visuals to communicate. What we found is that these influencers translanguage, use unique expressions, and include visual elements to connect with their audience online. Our study also emphasizes how interpreting and self--interpreting in translanguaging helps convey meaning for an imagined audience. By studying these practices, we learn more about how language works in today's social media spaces and how it challenges our traditional conceptions of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation Biomedical entity linking (BEL) is the task of grounding entity mentions to a given knowledge base (KB). Recently, neural name-based methods, system identifying the most appropriate name in the KB for a given mention using neural network (either via dense retrieval or autoregressive modeling), achieved remarkable results for the task, without requiring manual tuning or definition of domain/entity-specific rules. However, as name-based methods directly return KB names, they cannot cope with homonyms, i.e. different KB entities sharing the exact same name. This significantly affects their performance for KBs where homonyms account for a large amount of entity mentions (e.g. UMLS and NCBI Gene). Results We present BELHD (Biomedical Entity Linking with Homonym Disambiguation), a new name-based method that copes with this challenge. BELHD builds upon the BioSyn model with two crucial extensions. First, it performs pre-processing of the KB, during which it expands homonyms with a specifically constructed disambiguating string, thus enforcing unique linking decisions. Second, it introduces candidate sharing, a novel strategy that strengthens the overall training signal by including similar mentions from the same document as positive or negative examples, according to their corresponding KB identifier. Experiments with 10 corpora and 5 entity types show that BELHD improves upon current neural state-of-the-art approaches, achieving the best results in 6 out of 10 corpora with an average improvement of 4.55pp recall@1. Furthermore, the KB preprocessing is orthogonal to the prediction model and thus can also improve other neural methods, which we exemplify for GenBioEL, a generative name-based BEL approach. Availability and implementation The code to reproduce our experiments can be found at: https://github.com/sg-wbi/belhd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While slope is a topic in the algebra curriculum, having a robust understanding of slope is needed for students to truly understand several single and multivariable calculus topics with any depth. We begin with a review of the topic of slope and present what is known from its existing corpus of literature. We then outline the tenets of APOS theory. Building from there, we suggest what a robust, flexible understanding of slope involves, as well as how slope is used, with the APOS-slope framework acting as a theoretical lens. This is followed by the cases of two hypothetical students built from amalgamations of research and experience to emphasize why moving easily between different ways of thinking about and the various uses of slope is vital to successfully transition into calculus. We offer suggestions as to how university instructors might consider slope understanding when teaching calculus, then conclude with suggestions for future research on slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the depiction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in elite English media across Europe to discern sentiments and ideological disparities between China and the Western world. Using the PRISMA method, 1826 relevant research articles on the BRI were identified, and 42 were selected for detailed analysis. Additionally, 1357 news articles from the Financial Times, The Guardian and BBC from 2015 to 2023 underwent linguistic corpus analysis. Employing a three-dimensional critical discourse analysis (3d-CDA), the study scrutinized sample news articles, revealing ideological underpinnings across various dimensions and frames. The analysis indicates a growing negativity towards the BRI in European English media, with sentiments averaging 38% from 2015 to 2023 and peaking at 56% and 54% in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Ideological differences often discussed in academic circles include a contrast between the emphasis on individualism in the West and the values of collectivism prominent in Chinese culture. However, it is important to recognize the diversity within these broad categories. This research offers insights for BRI stakeholders and enriches academic discourse with updated data. Its novelty lies in its dual-tiered approach to news relevance for content analysis and the application of three-dimensional CDA to BRI news discourse, revealing ideological disparities not previously explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of online user-generated reviews has attracted extensive attention with broad applications in recent years. However, the high-volume and low-value density of online reviews bring challenges to a timely and effective data utilization. To address that challenge, this work proposes an unsupervised review filtering method based on the inherent tree-structured hierarchies among review data that reflect the general-to-specific characteristics of various quality aspects discussed in reviews. In particular, the reviews with aspects distributed near the leaf nodes of the tree are capable of providing more specific and detailed information about the examined product, which is more likely to be reserved after the tree-based filtering. To enable an effective extraction of aspect hierarchies from a broad variety of review corpora, a Bayesian nonparametric hierarchical topic model has been constructed and incorporated with an enhanced Pólya urn scheme. The approximate inference of model parameters is obtained by an efficient collapsed Gibbs sampling procedure. The proposed method can enhance the layered effect of individual reviews according to their general-to-specific characteristics and reserve an information-rich subset filtered from the raw review corpus. The merits of the proposed method have been elaborated by case studies on two real-world data sets and an extensive simulation study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a corpus-assisted method for language pedagogy, DDL (data-driven learning) may have the potential to enhance language exposure and promote active learner engagement. Concordancing, or KWIC (Key Words in Context), has been the traditional method used in DDL to retrieve numerous language examples, while the method has limitations with overreliance on individual words to search. This paper aims to propose and promote concordancing alternatively based on grammar patterns, a multi-word concept in corpus linguistics. The conceptualised method is named as PIC (Patterns in Context), an extended form of KWIC. An empirical study was conducted to investigate whether the PIC method has any advantages over the traditional KWIC method, using two custom-built Android apps. The research involved 18 pre-university intermediate learners (and six pilot study participants), who used the apps in a self-directed way for two weeks. Then the assessment of the two apps and methods was conducted based on data from automatic logs and responses from questionnaires and interviews. The results suggest that, compared to KWIC, PIC could be slightly advantageous in efficiently helping learners find the target language use, while this approach seems not strong in user engagement and perceived effectiveness. The implications for DDL are discussed, and further investigation is also planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was undertaken to delineate 21‐year sex‐specific trends in recurrence and postrecurrence mortality. Methods: Between 2000 and 2020, first‐ever ischemic stroke (IS) patients, ascertained from the population‐based BASIC (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi) project in South Texas, were followed for recurrent stroke and all‐cause mortality until December 31, 2020. Multivariable regression models with an interaction between calendar year and sex were used to estimate sex‐specific trends and sex differences in recurrence and postrecurrence mortality. Results: Of the 6,057 IS patients (median age = 69 years, 49.8% women), 654 (10.8%) had a recurrence and 399 (47.7%) had postrecurrence mortality during 5 years of follow‐up. In 2000, women had 2.5% higher albeit non‐statistically significant 5‐year risk of recurrence than men in absolute scale. With the trend declining in women by 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = −10.8 to −4.5%) and in men by 3.6% (95% CI = −6.5% to −0.7%), the risk at the end of the study period was 1.5% (95% CI = −0.3% to 3.6%) lower among women than men. For postrecurrence mortality, the risk was 10.2% lower among women in 2000, but the sex difference was 3.3% by the end of the period, which was due to a larger overall increase in the risk among women than men over the entire time period. Interpretation: The declines in recurrent stroke suggest successful secondary stroke prevention, especially in women. However, the continued high postrecurrence mortality among both sexes at the end of study period emphasizes the need for ongoing interventions to improve prognosis in those who have had recurrent cerebrovascular events. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:332–342 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boris Pahor was born in 1913 in Trieste, where he died at the age of 108. In all his works, he tries to reconstruct the conditions of exclusion experienced by himself, his family, his people, and finally all those who resisted the ideological pressures at the height of the Nazi terror, as described in the novel Necropolis (1967). The extreme violence with which assimilation was imposed on the Slovenian minority did not allow him to preserve his original identity. Pahor’s Trieste confirms that spaces exposed to a constant pressure of assimilation are spaces of undeniable vitality. This perspective should allow us to create a corpus of knowledge that reflects the resilience of cultures exposed to domination. Instead of seeing the margins as a place of exclusion and endemic difficulties, we need to change the narrative that defines them. Margins are the spaces where translation constantly materializes, the spaces of exchanges and transfers, thus the periphery has the capacity for mediation between complex cultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There is broad consensus that audio description (AD) is a modality of intersemiotic translation, but there are different views in relation to how AD can be more precisely conceptualised. While Benecke (Audiodeskription als partielle Translation. Modell und Methode, LIT, Berlin, 2014) characterises AD as 'partial translation', Braun (T 28: 302–313, 2016) hypothesises that what audio describers appear to 'omit' from their descriptions can normally be inferred by the audience, drawing on narrative cues from dialogue, mise-en-scène, kinesis, music or sound effects. The study reported in this paper tested this hypothesis using a corpus of material created during the H2020 MeMAD project. The MeMAD project aimed to improve access to audiovisual (AV) content through a combination of human and computer-based methods of description. One of the MeMAD workstreams addressed human approaches to describing visually salient cues. This included an analysis of the potential impact of omissions in AD, which is the focus of this paper. Using a corpus of approximately 500 audio described film extracts we identified the visual elements that can be considered essential for the construction of the filmic narrative and then performed a qualitative analysis of the corresponding audio descriptions to determine how these elements are verbally represented and whether any omitted elements could be inferred from other cues that are accessible to visually impaired audiences. We then identified the most likely source of these inferences and the conditions upon which retrieval could be predicated, preparing the ground for future reception studies to test our hypotheses with target audiences. In this paper, we discuss the methodology used to determine where omissions occur in the analysed audio descriptions, consider worked examples from the MeMAD500 film corpus, and outline the findings of our study namely that various strategies are relevant to inferring omitted information, including the use of proximal and distal contextual cues, and reliance on the application of common knowledge and iconic scenarios. To conclude, consideration is given to overcoming significant omissions in human-generated AD, such as using extended AD formats, and mitigating similar gaps in machine-generated descriptions, where incorporating dialogue analysis and other supplementary data into the computer model could resolve many omissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An English-Bengali machine translation (MT) application can convert an English text into a corresponding Bengali translation. To build a better model for this task, we can optimize English-Bengali MT. MT for languages with rich resources, like English-German, started decades ago. However, MT for languages lacking many parallel corpora remains challenging. In our study, we employed back-translation to improve the translation accuracy. With back-translation, we can have a pseudo-parallel corpus, and the generated (pseudo) corpus can be added to the original dataset to obtain an augmented dataset. However, the new data can be regarded as noisy data because they are generated by models that may not be trained very well or not evaluated well, like human translators. Since the original output of a translation model is a probability distribution of candidate words, to make the model more robust, different decoding methods are used, such as beam search, top-k random sampling and random sampling with temperature T, and others. Notably, top-k random sampling and random sampling with temperature T are more commonly used and more optimal decoding methods than the beam search. To this end, our study compares LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory, as a baseline) and Transformer. Our results show that Transformer (BLEU: 27.80 in validation, 1.33 in test) outperforms LSTM ( 3.62 in validation, 0.00 in test) by a large margin in the English-Bengali translation task. (Evaluating LSTM and Transformer without any augmented data is our baseline study.) We also incorporate two decoding methods, top-k random sampling and random sampling with temperature T, for back-translation that help improve the translation accuracy of the model. The results show that data generated by back-translation without top-k or temperature sampling ("no strategy") help improve the accuracy (BLEU 38.22 , + 10.42 on validation, 2.07 , + 0.74 on test). Specifically, back-translation with top-k sampling is less effective ( k = 10 , BLEU 29.43 , + 1.83 on validation, 1.36 , + 0.03 on test), while sampling with a proper value of T, T = 0.5 makes the model achieve a higher score ( T = 0.5 , BLEU 35.02 , + 7.22 on validation, 2.35 , + 1.02 on test). This implies that in English-Bengali MT, we can augment the training set through back-translation using random sampling with a proper temperature T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous academic research has argued that videogames are represented as violent in the media, and that these representations provide a justification to study videogames as a social object. However, little systematic research has been done to confirm whether such representations occur frequently, or whether this is a non-representative assumption based on a small number of news stories. Through using methods associated with Modern-Diachronic Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (md-cads), we explore two corpora of newspaper articles from the British press containing references to videogames: one contains data from 2000 and the other from 2020. We find that whilst newspapers do represent videogames as promoting violence, these representations occur much more frequently in 2000 than in 2020, and that in 2020 this idea is more regularly challenged. Furthermore, in 2020 there is a greater focus on the benefit of videogames for the economy compared to 2000. The research highlights the need to critically revaluate assumptions about how the media represents not only videogames, but also comparable topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine Jordanian males’ comments on females’ physical appearance on Facebook to identify the impoliteness strategies that Jordanian males utilize in online communication. The socio-cultural factors affecting the selection of impoliteness behavior in males’ comments are also investigated. As for the corpus of the study, a total of 470 comments and replies were chosen from 32 females’ picture posts posted on two different Jordanian groups on Facebook. This study draws on Culpeper’s (1996) impoliteness framework. All Culpeper’s (1996) impoliteness strategies except withholding impoliteness (i.e., bald-on-record, sarcasm/mock, negative, positive) were employed. It was also found that making a clear boundary between different impoliteness strategies is not easy; more than one impoliteness strategy can be realized by the same expression. Furthermore, males were found to use other additional impoliteness strategies not mentioned in Culpeper’s (1996) impoliteness framework, namely, third-party implicit impoliteness, supplications, and negative interjections. The data analysis also revealed that some comments were subsumed under new categories not mentioned in previous (im)politeness frameworks: ambiguous (im)politeness and adversative (im)politeness. The use of such various strategies can be ascribed to the effect of socio-cultural and religious background on males’ behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In complex stimuli, there are many different possible ways to refer to a specified target. Previous studies have shown that when people are faced with such a task, the content of their referring expression reflects visual properties such as size, salience, and clutter. Here, we extend these findings and present evidence that (i) the influence of visual perception on sentence construction goes beyond content selection and in part determines the order in which different objects are mentioned and (ii) order of mention influences comprehension. Study 1 (a corpus study of reference productions) shows that when a speaker uses a relational description to mention a salient object, that object is treated as being in the common ground and is more likely to be mentioned first. Study 2 (a visual search study) asks participants to listen to referring expressions and find the specified target; in keeping with the above result, we find that search for easy-to-find targets is faster when the target is mentioned first, while search for harder-to-find targets is facilitated by mentioning the target later, after a landmark in a relational description. Our findings show that seemingly low-level and disparate mental "modules" like perception and sentence planning interact at a high level and in task-dependent ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschicht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschicht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Deep learning has made significant advancements in speech enhancement, which plays a crucial role in improving the quality of speech signals in noisy conditions. In this paper, we propose a new approach called M-DGAN, which introduces a time (T)-domain encoder-decoder structure with rich channel representations into the time-frequency (TF)-domain generator framework, resulting in a new generator structure with mixed magnitude and phase representations in the T and TF-domains. The proposed mixed T-domain and TF-domain generator, incorporating the cascaded reworked conformer (CRC) structure, exhibits improved modeling capability and adaptability. Test results on the Voice Bank + DEMAND public dataset show that our method achieves the highest score with P S E Q = 3.52 and performs well on all the remaining metrics when compared to the current state-of-the-art methods. In addition, tests on the NISQA_TEST_LIVETALK real dataset of the NISQA Corpus show the breadth and robustness of our model on speech enhancement tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While it is well known today that J.S. Bach’s The Well-Tempered Clavier (WTC) was not composed with equal temperament in mind, it is unknown exactly which, if any, well temperament Bach had intended for the work. While equal temperament produces 12 uniform intervals of each type, other systems of well temperament slightly stretch and compress the size of various fifths, resulting in alterations to other intervals. A number of competing hypotheses have been published as to which temperament Bach intended, or whether he intended a specific temperament at all. While we do not have a definitive historical answer as to Bach’s preference of temperament in this work, this paper applies corpus methodologies to compare these systems. This paper develops and utilises Detuning-Emphasis Correlation (DEC): the relationship between scale-degree pairs' deviation from just intonation and their frequency of use. Frequency of use is compared to a ‘baseline’ frequency, found by averaging a scale degree pair’s prevalence across the corpus. This paper analyses the 48 fugues of Bach’s WTC by computing DECs for selected well temperaments (Werckmeister III, Bach-Lehman, Niedhardt, Vallotti, and Young), aiming to find a significant negative DEC for some temperament. While no temperament was found to fit the WTC in this way, strong correlations between these well temperaments indicated that the work would highlight similar affects for the various keys regardless of which (non-equal) well temperament is used to realise this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the high creation cost, annotated corpora are indispensable for robust natural language processing systems. In the clinical field, in addition to annotating medical entities, corpus creators must also remove personally identifiable information (PII). This has become increasingly important in the era of large language models where unwanted memorization can occur. This paper presents a corpus annotated to anonymize personally identifiable information in 1,787 anamneses of work-related accidents and diseases in Spanish. Additionally, we applied a previously released model for Named Entity Recognition (NER) trained on referrals from primary care physicians to identify diseases, body parts, and medications in this work-related text. We analyzed the differences between the models and the gold standard curated by a physician in detail. Moreover, we compared the performance of the NER model on the original narratives, in narratives where personal information has been masked, and in texts where the personal data is replaced by another similar surrogate value (pseudonymization). Within this publication, we share the annotation guidelines and the annotated corpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citation networks enable analysis of author groups, defining in-group dynamics, and mapping out inter-group relationships. While intellectual diversity and inclusiveness is one of the important principles of modern scholarship, it is intriguing to explore the extent to which these principles apply to historical communities of leaders and intellectuals. This paper introduces a novel methodological framework aimed at assessing the degree of viewpoint plurality and diversity of historical scholarship communities, through an in-depth analysis of the citations used in their literature, which has become possible due to the recently developed advanced computational analysis techniques. To achieve this goal, we have devised a set of new network-based indicators grounded in standard network metrics. These indicators can be applied at both the individual author and community levels. The developed methodology was applied to a citation network automatically constructed from a corpus of Rabbinic Halachic literature spanning the 10th to 15th centuries. This corpus includes over 5,000 citations from hundreds of books authored by approximately 140 Rabbinic scholars from six diverse geographic communities. We found that most of the authors and communities cite many more external resources from other communities than their own reflecting a willingness to engage with a diverse range of viewpoints. A more in-depth analysis based on the novel proportional diversity measures unveils more intriguing insights. Contrary to expectations, communities with the greatest number of external citations, such as Spain and Ashkenaz, surprisingly exhibit lower levels of viewpoint plurality compared to others, such as Italy and North Africa, elucidating a key finding of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaphorical expressions are widely present in natural language, posing significant challenges to a variety of natural language processing tasks such as machine translation. How to obtain richer contextual representations is an urgent problem to be solved. To address this issue, this paper proposes a model that combines syntax-aware local attention (SLA), a simple contrastive sentence embedding framework (SimCSE), and linguistic theories, called a combination of syntax-aware and semantic methods (CSS). Specifically, we apply linguistic theory in metaphor detection. Additionally, we simultaneously conduct metaphor identification and contrastive learning tasks. The SimCSE contrastive learning framework effectively captured more information, and the concurrent execution of these two tasks helped increase the sensitivity of the semantic space to metaphors. The integration of SLA with the pre-trained language model BERT enhanced the attention weights between grammatically relevant words, assisting the encoder in focusing more on grammar-related words. Overall, CSS prioritizes the sentence itself, avoiding the introduction of excessive additional information. Experimental results on the VU Amsterdam-verb (VUA), TroFi, and MOH-X metaphorical corpora show that our method is superior to state-of-the-art models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches variable rhoticity in Scottish Standard English (SSE) from a methodological, data‐oriented perspective. The main focus is on how to integrate within a single sociolinguistic framework data that have been elicited under different conditions (sociolinguistic interviews vs. corpus data) and may therefore be incompatible when we take a relatively simplistic approach to stylistic variation. The article first models variation in such an unbalanced ‘patchwork’ dataset in a holistic, unified analysis and then proceeds to deconstruct the results by taking a closer look at the behaviour of the two main components of the data. While previously reported trends in the development of coda‐/r/ in SSE accents are confirmed, it is also shown that, depending on the precise nature of registers (or genres), productions may be considerably more diverse and may go beyond a simple projection of middle‐class identities. The integration of different styles in a single interpretive framework is challenging and far from straightforward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a transfer-learning-based method to improve the synthesized speech quality of the low-resource Dungan language. This improvement is accomplished by fine-tuning a pre-trained Mandarin acoustic model to a Dungan language acoustic model using a limited Dungan corpus within the Tacotron2+WaveRNN framework. Our method begins with developing a transformer-based Dungan text analyzer capable of generating unit sequences with embedded prosodic information from Dungan sentences. These unit sequences, along with the speech features, provide pairs as the input of Tacotron2 to train the acoustic model. Concurrently, we pre-trained a Tacotron2-based Mandarin acoustic model using a large-scale Mandarin corpus. The model is then fine-tuned with a small-scale Dungan speech corpus to derive a Dungan acoustic model that autonomously learns the alignment and mapping of the units to the spectrograms. The resulting spectrograms are converted into waveforms via the WaveRNN vocoder, facilitating the synthesis of high-quality Mandarin or Dungan speech. Both subjective and objective experiments suggest that the proposed transfer learning-based Dungan speech synthesis achieves superior scores compared to models trained only with the Dungan corpus and other methods. Consequently, our method offers a strategy to achieve speech synthesis for low-resource languages by adding prosodic information and leveraging a similar, high-resource language corpus through transfer learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The model is primarily utilized for the task of entity relationship extraction during the construction process of an aquatic disease knowledge graph. Entity–relationship extraction plays a pivotal role in the construction of domain knowledge graphs. For the aquatic disease domain, however, this relationship extraction is a formidable task because of overlapping relationships, data specialization, limited feature fusion, and imbalanced data samples, which significantly weaken the extraction's performance. To tackle these challenges, this study leverages published books and aquatic disease websites as data sources to compile a text corpus, establish datasets, and then propose the Fd-CasBGRel model specifically tailored to the aquatic disease domain. The model uses the Casrel cascading binary tagging framework to address relationship overlap; utilizes task fine-tuning for better performance on aquatic disease data; trains on specialized aquatic disease corpora to improve adaptability; and integrates the BRC feature fusion module—which incorporates self-attention mechanisms, BiLSTM, relative position encoding, and conditional layer normalization—to leverage entity position and context for enhanced fusion. Further, it replaces the traditional cross-entropy loss function with the GHM loss function to mitigate category imbalance issues. The experimental results indicate that the F1 score of the Fd-CasBGRel on the aquatic disease dataset reached 84.71%, significantly outperforming several benchmark models. This model effectively addresses the challenges of ternary extraction's low performance caused by high data specialization, insufficient feature integration, and data imbalances. The model achieved the highest F1 score of 86.52% on the overlapping relationship category dataset, demonstrating its robust capability in extracting overlapping data. Furthermore, We also conducted comparative experiments on the publicly available dataset WebNLG, and the model in this paper obtained the best performance metrics compared to the rest of the comparative models, indicating that the model has good generalization ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many research articles have explored the impact of surgical interventions on voice and speech evaluations, but advances are limited by the lack of publicly accessible datasets. To address this, a comprehensive corpus of 107 Spanish Castilian speakers was recorded, including control speakers and patients who underwent upper airway surgeries such as Tonsillectomy, Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, and Septoplasty. The dataset contains 3,800 audio files, averaging 35.51 ± 5.91 recordings per patient. This resource enables systematic investigation of the effects of upper respiratory tract surgery on voice and speech. Previous studies using this corpus have shown no relevant changes in key acoustic parameters for sustained vowel phonation, consistent with initial hypotheses. However, the analysis of speech recordings, particularly nasalised segments, remains open for further research. Additionally, this dataset facilitates the study of the impact of upper airway surgery on speaker recognition and identification methods, and testing of anti-spoofing methodologies for improved robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze large, digitized corpora, we introduce the new approach of "structural reading", which combines the abstraction of distant reading with the nuance of close reading. We do so by developing the method of "structural collocation analysis" (SCA) that uses metadata categories to investigate how research topics behave across texts belonging to different categories. The method combines the robustness of traditional collocation analysis with the structural dimension of structural topic modeling, bridging corpus linguistics and text mining. SCA enables us to gain novel insights from existing corpora to shed new light on long-standing historical debates. We exemplify this method through a case study on the history of parliamentary reporting, using digitized British parliamentary proceedings. We discovered that discussions on parliamentary reporting were not dominated by a particular political party, but rather by senior MPs and MPs from urban areas – two categories we call "political insiders". Metadata-based distinctions between different types of politicians thus enabled us to provide new perspectives on the history of parliamentary reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a French corpus of 12 semi-structured interviews with people practising philosophical dialogue with 'lay people' (children, prisoners, families, people attending a show), we investigate the meaning given to this activity. While there is a relative consensus among all the stakeholder on a general positive stance attributed to philosophical dialogues, without formulating specific expectations about it; diverse ideas are mentioned when they are prompted to explain such positive contribution. We describe them by distinguishing between two poles structuring the conceptions of the interviewees: philosophical dialogue as 1. a timeless anthropological reality which insufficient in itself, and as 2. a utilitarian response to the specific challenges currently undermining our societies. We therefore review the expected and perceived benefits for a) the participants invited to engage in dialogue, b) the people leading these exchanges and/or c) the institutions making this activity possible. The aim is to present the constructive/fruitful or detrimental tensions resulting by the joint reference to both pol: philosophical dialogue as an anthropological reality and a utilitarian response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysemy, even when it is considered within specialized domains, is a recurrent phenomenon and the topic is debated from time to time in terminology literature. Part of this literature still advocates ways to prevent polysemy. Another portion recognizes the prevalence of polysemy, especially in specialized corpora, but considers it from the perspective of other phenomena, such as ambiguity, indeterminacy, categorization or variation. Although the number of perspectives on meaning have increased over the years, the treatment of polysemy in terminological resources is still unsatisfactory. This article first shows that polysemy is an integral part of specialized communication and that there are different kinds of domain-specific polysemy. Then, it reviews selected perspectives that have been taken on polysemy in terminology literature. The treatment of 45 polysemous lexical items in four specialized resources is then analysed. Finally, different methods based on lexical semantics are proposed to account for polysemy in terminological resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to facilitate the instruction and acquisition of EFL writing, this paper compares the uses of the light verb get in English writing by Chinese and L1 undergraduates by drawing on insights from the theory of norms and exploitations (TNE). Corpus pattern analysis (CPA) is conducted to analyze the data taken from two comparable corpora of Chinese EFL learners' and L1 undergraduates' writing, unveiling both similarities and disparities between the two groups in terms of the patterning of get. Regarding similarities, most of the prototypical patterns identified in the two target corpora are identical, and both corpora show innovative exploitations of norms. In terms of differences, Chinese undergraduates misuses get in their writing in a varied but recognizable way. In addition, Chinese undergraduates are more likely than L1 undergraduates to overuse high-frequency patterns and semantic roles but underuse low-frequency ones, which may result in a lack of diversity in the range of patterns and complements. Chinese undergraduates' uncertainty of registers is another notable feature in their writing. Based on the findings, the paper further discusses the implications for the teaching and learning of writing in EFL contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issue is one of the public concerns pertaining to human welfare. English language education is supposed to take its part to contribute to the sustainable development. In this study, a corpus comprising 12 series of English language textbooks used in Chinese universities (48 volumes/books) was constructed to examine the extent to which the textbooks cover the content of environmental education, and how these topics are presented. The large volume dataset was explored by corpus linguistic tools and the in-depth discourse analysis and findings were reported and discussed within the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis. The results suggested that some key environmental semantic domains, such as "Green issues" (e.g., nature, environment, ecology), "Substances and materials" (e.g., pesticide, chemical, carbon dioxide), "Science and technology" (e.g., technologies, nuclear, biotechnology), "Farming & Horticulture" (e.g., farming, crop, agriculture), "Living creatures" (e.g., endangered species, animals, wildlife) were evident. Some topics within these domains such as sustainable environmentalism, energy efficiency and sufficiency were presented and discussed critically. The textbooks are expected to help learners develop knowledge, competencies and futuristic attitudes needed to meet the sustainability challenges in various contexts. Plain language summary: This study built a corpus of 12 series of Chinese university English language textbooks (48 volumes/books) in order to investigate to what extent the textbooks encompass the content of environmental education, and how these topics are presented. These textbooks were approved by the Ministry of Education of China, and were distributed nationally and adopted widely by most Chinese universities. The study based on critical discourse analysis theoretical framework adopts corpus linguistics approach to explore the environmental sustainability education in these textbooks. The findings show that the textbooks as a whole include rich semantic domains relevant to environment education. The textbooks are expected to help learners develop knowledge, competencies and futuristic attitudes needed to meet the sustainability challenges in various contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin American party systems are characterized by a proliferation of new parties of very different sizes, backgrounds, and developmental trajectories, which poses a conceptual challenge. Historically, conceptualizations of new parties have often prioritized data accessibility over methodological and theoretical rigor. As a result, they have produced a plethora of highly heterogeneous cases that are ill-suited for theory testing. To address this problem, we propose the development of a conceptual tool aimed at identifying a subset of relevant new parties, termed “break-in parties” (bip) because of their potential impact on prevailing patterns of representation and party competition. We have identified a corpus of 24 such parties founded between 1960 and 2002 in South America. These parties exhibit sufficient similarity to facilitate meaningful attributions, while also providing variability in relevant independent and dependent variables for testing theories of party system change through the emergence and success of new parties, a topic that has received considerable attention in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay broadens Yehuda Amichai's corpus in order to understand the multiple sources—textual, intertextual, and autobiographical—that came together into the poem "Hayi shalom" ("Farewell"). This analysis of the poem incorporates, for the first time, the hundred love letters Amichai wrote to his girlfriend Ruth Hermann in 1947–48; interviews and conversations with Dr. Clarice Kestenbaum, the woman who is the subject of the poem; and remnants of Clarice's correspondence with Amichai in 1958–61. Through an idiosyncratic kind of interpretation, an essentially personal one, using sources often overlooked in scholarship, the analysis deciphers the secret language of the poem, tracing linguistic footprints from letters as well as the poet's notes and drafts. Through the story of Amichai's 1958 separation from Clarice Kestenbaum, the article reveals how their Jerusalem love affair is encoded in the language of "Hayi shalom." Moreover, it demonstrates how, through the linguistic and experiential texture of the poem, the separation from Clarice joins with other partings in Amichai's life—especially the unknown story of his heartbreak over Ruth Hermann. Finally, the grief for Amichai's childhood friend "Little" Ruth Hanover, who perished in the Holocaust, forms the base of the fundamental, formative loss in the poem—and, in fact, in Amichai's oeuvre. While "Hayi shalom" is dedicated to the day of separation from Clarice, in its hidden corners lie the partings and abandonments that preceded it. In its indirect way, the poem confronts two deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a detailed response to Markus Neuwirth and Martin Rohrmeier's article 'Wie wissenschaftlich muss Musiktheorie sein?', published in the Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Musiktheorie in 2016. I undertake to nuance their call for the wholesale adoption of machine‐assisted corpus‐based methods in music theory through a detailed appreciation of work‐specific analysis as is has been practiced in American music theory. The argument unfolds through three case studies: of David Lewin's 1982 analysis of Schubert's 'Auf dem Flusse'; of Vasili Byros's more recent approach to the Eroica Symphony; and then of Lewin again, on Schubert's 'Morgengruß'. By means of these examples, I probe where corpus‐based methods can enhance traditional approaches and what new avenues of research they make possible, but I also emphasise those aspects of work‐specific analysis that elude their grasp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the widespread view that the diachronic processes of grammaticalization and of subjectification go hand in hand, and that highly subjectivized meanings typically correlate with highly grammaticalized forms, should be revised. The point is made on the basis of the case of the diachrony of the Dutch modal verbs. Corpus data show that four of these verbs recently got involved in a process of collective re-autonomization, while the two other modals in the language do not. This correlates with differences in the semantic development of the verbs: the four re-autonomizing verbs do, but the two outliers do not show a regular process of (inter)subjectification. The paper unravels through which mechanisms the grammatical and the semantic developments may correlate, hence why highly subjectivized meanings do not necessarily like a grammatical status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]