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In the context of acknowledging the contrast between Marian devotional life and eucharistic theology, this response to Diaz's book makes several connections between the two, including a glimpse into Rahner's own devotional piety. While affirming and approving the overall content of this study by Diaz, the respondent uses a more recent article by Rahner to suggest four topics that might have enhanced the book: 1) how Marian devotion is founded on the doctrine of the communion of the saints; 2) how Mary's unimportance and marginalized position enhanced her unique acceptance of grace for the sake of all humanity; 3) how Rahner's emphasis on women's equality can figure in the present theological conversation about the relevance of Jesus' maleness; and 4) how there is room in the church for a variety of individual and cultural approaches to the theology of grace and to the devotional life of the faithful.

Abstract Recent advances in the field of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding have produced a promising platform for early detection and broad‐spectrum monitoring of plant pests and pathogens. To date, the majority of fungal metabarcoding assays have relied upon universal primers amplifying segments of the ribosomal DNA, to ensure broad taxonomic coverage while studying changes in community composition, or more recently, to screen for presence/absence of target species. In a diagnostics framework however, single, universal molecular barcodes do not discriminate accurately enough for many groups of important fungal phytopathogens at the required species level. Here, a modular, multi‐barcode amplicon sequencing pipeline was established to provide rapid and reliable diagnostics targeting the Ophiostomatales, an order containing economically important phytopathogens vectored by bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae). Using compositionally varied mock communities, we evaluated five barcoding loci: ITS1, ITS2, the large ribosomal sub‐unit (LSU), translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF1α) and calmodulin (CAL), for their ability to provide species‐level resolution. The sensitivity and detection limit of the assay was established by spiking genomic DNA of the exotic Dutch elm disease pathogen, Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi Brasier, into both the controlled mock communities and eDNA sampled from Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) beetles collected in New South Wales, Australia. The TEF1α barcode successfully detected the Dutch elm pathogen DNA with 100% accuracy down to approx. 5 pg/μl, while the ITS1 barcode had a 100% accuracy down to approx. 0.4 pg/μl within a given sample. Our results demonstrate that a dual‐barcode approach targeting the ITS1 and TEF1α regions simultaneously is sufficient for accurate species level detection and characterisation of the Ophiostomatales and offers confident detection of low‐abundance taxa (relative read abundances of 0.1%–0.01%). Multi‐barcode metabarcoding provides a framework which can quickly and efficiently be adapted to new targets when establishing high throughput diagnostics for post‐border biosecurity surveillance of fungal phytopathogens.

This short essay will attempt to show that although Karl Rahner would be in basic agreement with the concern of 'Dominus Iesus' about 'religious relativism' and in basic agreement with the claims of the Catholic Church (as expressed in Vatican II) about the role of Jesus as universal savior and about the unique role of the Roman Catholic church in God's salvific plan for the world, he would not agree with the spirit or tone of this declaration from a Vatican Congregation. Rahner's writings set a more positive tone framed by his classic retrieval of the concept of mystery in Roman Catholic theology that invites dialog with people of other religious traditions. Three characteristics of that invitational spirit of Rahner are highlighted in this essay: (1) the life-long process of becoming Christian; (2) the inadequacy of all human expressions in the face of mystery; (3) the need to be non-competitive in any ecumenical or inter-religious dialog.

Abstract Science misinformation on topics ranging from climate change to vaccines have significant public policy repercussions. Artificial intelligence-based methods of altering videos and photos (deepfakes) lower the barriers to the mass creation and dissemination of realistic, manipulated digital content. The risk of exposure to deepfakes among education stakeholders has increased as learners and educators rely on videos to obtain and share information. We field the first study to understand the vulnerabilities of education stakeholders to science deepfakes and the characteristics that moderate vulnerability. We ground our study in climate change and survey individuals from five populations spanning students, educators, and the adult public. Our sample is nationally representative of three populations. We found that 27–50% of individuals cannot distinguish authentic videos from deepfakes. All populations exhibit vulnerability to deepfakes which increases with age and trust in information sources but has a mixed relationship with political orientation. Adults and educators exhibit greater vulnerability compared to students, indicating that those providing education are especially susceptible. Vulnerability increases with exposure to potential deepfakes, suggesting that deepfakes become more pernicious without interventions. Our results suggest that focusing on the social context in which deepfakes reside is one promising strategy for combatting deepfakes.

This paper details the history of the LIS program of the University of the East (UE). The College of Arts and Sciences closely works with the LIS faculty and alumni to strengthen the program and increase the number of students. They discuss plans and strategies to market the program and look for possible actions such as introducing its students to international activities for LIS students and encourage them to join international discussions on LIS education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the vibrational signatures of a single H2O molecule occupying distinct sites of the hydration network in the Cs+(H2O)6 cluster. This is accomplished using isotopomer-selective IR-IR hole-burning on the Cs+(D2O)5(H2O) clusters formed by gas-phase exchange of a single, intact H2O molecule for D2O in the Cs+(D2O)6 ion. The OH stretching pattern of the Cs+(H2O)6 isotopologue is accurately recovered by superposition of the isotopomer spectra, thus establishing that the H2O incorporation is random and that the OH stretching manifold is largely due to contributions from decoupled water molecules. This behavior enables a powerful new way to extract structural information from vibrational spectra of size-selected clusters by explicitly identifying the local environments responsible for specific infrared features. The Cs+(H2O)6 structure was unambiguously assigned to the 4.1.1 isomer (a homodromic water tetramer with two additional flanking water molecules) from the fact that its computed IR spectrum matches the observed overall pattern and recovers the embedded correlations in the two OH stretching bands of the water molecule in the Cs+(D2O)5(H2O) isotopomers. The 4.1.1 isomer is the lowest in energy among other candidate networks at advanced (e.g., CCSD(T)) levels of theoretical treatment after corrections for (anharmonic) zero-point energy. With the structure in hand, we then explore the mechanical origin of the various band locations using a local electric field formalism. This approach promises to provide a transferrable scheme for the prediction of the OH stretching fundamentals displayed by water networks in close proximity to solute ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We evaluated the efficacy, pharmacokinetics (PK), and safety of clofazimine (CFZ) in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with cryptosporidiosis. Methods We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Primary outcomes in part A were reduction in Cryptosporidium shedding, safety, and PK. Primary analysis was according to protocol (ATP). Part B of the study compared CFZ PK in matched individuals living with HIV without cryptosporidiosis. Results Twenty part A and 10 part B participants completed the study ATP. Almost all part A participants had high viral loads and low CD4 counts, consistent with failure of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. At study entry, the part A CFZ group had higher Cryptosporidium shedding, total stool weight, and more diarrheal episodes compared with the placebo group. Over the inpatient period, compared with those who received placebo, the CFZ group Cryptosporidium shedding increased by 2.17 log2 Cryptosporidium per gram stool (95% upper confidence limit, 3.82), total stool weight decreased by 45.3 g (P =.37), and number of diarrheal episodes increased by 2.32 (P =.87). The most frequent solicited adverse effects were diarrhea, abdominal pain, and malaise. One placebo and 3 CFZ participants died during the study. Plasma levels of CFZ in participants with cryptosporidiosis were 2-fold lower than in part B controls. Conclusions Our findings do not support the efficacy of CFZ for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in a severely immunocompromised HIV population. However, this trial demonstrates a pathway to assess the therapeutic potential of drugs for cryptosporidiosis treatment. Screening persons living with HIV for diarrhea, and especially Cryptosporidium infection, may identify those failing ARV therapy. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03341767. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A locus for the childhood spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) has been mapped by recombination processes to an area of 0.7 centimorgan (range, 0.1-2.1 centimorgans) between loci D5S435 and MAP1B on chromosome 5q11.2-13.3. A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig was designed across the disease gene area, and this designing is necessary for the isolation of the SMA-encoding gene. PCR amplification was used to screen YAC DNA pools, and the PCR vectorette technique was used to amplify YAC ends.

We clarify the role of the critical imidazolium C(2)H position (the central C between N atoms in the heterocycle) in the assembly motif of the [EMIM][BF4] ionic liquid by analyzing the vibrational spectra of the bare EMIM+ ion as well as that of the cationic [EMIM]2[BF4]+ (EMIM+ = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, C6H11N2+) cluster. Vibrational spectra of the cold, mass-selected ions are obtained using cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation of weakly bound D2 molecules formed in a 10 K ion trap. The C(2)H behavior is isolated by following the evolution of key vibrational features when the C(2) hydrogen, the proposed binding location of the anion to the imidazolium ring, is replaced by either deuterium or a methyl group (i.e., in the EMMIM+ analogue). Strong features in the ring CH stretching region of the bare ion are traced to Fermi resonances with overtones of lower frequency modes. Upon incorporation into the EMIM+ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ BF4− ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ EMIM+ ternary complex, the C(2)H oscillator strength is dramatically increased, accounting for the much more complicated patterns derived from the EMIM+ ring CH stretches in the light isotopomer, which are strongly suppressed in the deuterated analogue. Further changes in the spectra that occur when the C(2)H is replaced by a methyl group are consistent with BF4− attachment directly to the imidazolium ring in an arrangement that maximizes the electrostatic interaction between the molecular ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]