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This article offers a state of the art of research on migration policies, participation and the political construction of immigration in Spain. It starts with an overview of migration policy, addressing the impact of the 2008 economic crisis on the configuration of the political agenda. Secondly, it addresses the political participation of immigrants in Spain and their role as “new” voters. Finally, the appearance of the extreme right political party VOX has shifted the classic debates on the attitudes of the population towards immigration and built a new anti-immigration discourse. The article argues that academic interest and scientific production have been modulated in line with the various phases of Spain’s configuration as a country of immigration. The text ends with some reflections on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis, which has opened up a period of major challenge and uncertainty.

Many empirical studies on immigrant integration document the benefits of an education acquired in the country of destination. In this article; we study how the degree of human capital transferability affects an immigrant's chances of studying in Spain. We used data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (2008-2015) for a sample of adults aged 18-55 who had left the educational system. The main findings show that natives are the ethnic group with the highest likelihood of re-enrolling in education. Amongst immigrants, those with fewer limitations on human capital transferability also invest more. These results question the predictions of the "Immigrant Human Capital Investment" model which expect that immigrants whose human capital depreciates upon arrival and those who can obtain a higher return on a new investment in education are therefore more likely to study. Moreover, the effect of skill transferability differs depending on the type of obstacle and the kind of education. Immigrants with less linguistic and cultural familiarity with the host country are less likely to undertake non-formal education than formal education. However, when the transferability obstacles are related to administrative requirements and legal restrictions, the probability of investing in non-formal education is higher. We conclude that immigrants with low skill transferability are not only less well integrated in the labour market upon arrival, but are also less able to redress that disadvantage through a new investment in education.

Background/Objectives: To determine the prevalence of amyloidosis through the analysis of synovial tissue and transverse carpal ligament (TCL) in patients undergoing surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), detect predictive factors for the presence of amyloid, and assess cardiac involvement degree. Methods: A prospective study with longitudinal cohort follow-up at a teaching hospital. Patients undergoing CTS surgery from 1 January 2019 to 31 May 2021 were included. Samples from synovial and TCL tissues were examined for amyloid presence. Multivariate analysis was used to detect predictive factors of the presence of amyloid. Patients with amyloid underwent echocardiography, laboratory analyses, and scintigraphy. Results: Two hundred and forty-six patients were included. The prevalence of amyloid was 11.4% in TCL and 12.6% in synovial tissues. Age (p = 0.035; OR 1.123), bilateral CTS symptoms (p = 0.022; OR 3.647), and trigger finger (p < 0.001; OR 3.537) were predictors of the presence of amyloid. Seventeen patients were diagnosed with transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) located in the carpus (no scintigraphic cardiac uptake or grade 0), one with light chain amyloidosis, eight with ATTR with cardiac involvement (grades 2–3), and five with ATTR in the carpus and scintigraphic uptake grade 1 (with normal echocardiogram and blood and urine tests). Conclusions: We detected amyloid in 12.6% of unselected consecutive patients who underwent CTS surgery. Biopsy in patients with CTS for amyloid detection, especially in elderly patients with bilateral symptoms and trigger finger, may be useful for the early diagnosis of amyloidosis, primarily due to transthyretin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keats's 1816 competition sonnet 'On the Grasshopper and Cricket' is easily dismissed as juvenilia, but when read with an eye to his interest in Greek mythology, the poem rewards further attention. In particular, the myth of Tithonus, who gained eternal life without eternal youth and was transformed into either a grasshopper or cricket, situates Keats's immortal 'poetry of earth' in an ambivalent context that, in turn, makes sense of otherwise curiously neutral language. This ambivalent framing also encourages a new reading of the poem as a product of 1816, 'the year without a summer', building a case for the sonnet as an example of what Nikki Hessell has called Keats's 'botany of absence' in the 1817 Poems volume more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: el objetivo principal de este trabajo es describir las actividades realizadas para la implantación del programa de atención farmacéutica a la primera residencia sociosanitaria privada vinculada a nuestro servicio de farmacia y detallar los recursos empleados. La iniciativa surgió de la necesidad de cumplimiento del Decreto 92/2019, del Gobierno de Aragón, por el que se regula la atención farmacéutica en los centros sociales de Aragón. El objetivo secundario es analizar el impacto económico y de actividad tras la implantación. Método: el proceso de implantación se realizó entre junio y diciembre de 2020 en tres fases: análisis de la situación previa, preimplantación e implantación. Los recursos materiales y humanos utilizados fueron mínimos. El proceso farmacoterapéutico implantado contempla la prescripción en un módulo de la historia clínica electrónica que se sincroniza con el módulo de unidosis de Farmatools® del servicio de farmacia, validación farmacéutica y dispensación en dosis unitarias por paciente. Resultado: el ahorro medio mensual en costes directos de medicamentos frente al modelo anterior fue de 4.080,81 € (48,97%). La aplicación del programa supone un incremento importante de la actividad del servicio (tiempo de validación, preparación y revisión de tratamientos, recepción de pedidos y reenvasado). Conclusión: la implantación de programas de atención farmacéutica a centros sociosanitarios desde los servicios de farmacia consigue reducir costes directos en medicamentos. Sin embargo, los proyectos deben ir acompañados de presupuesto en personal y material para poder desarrollar una atención farmacéutica de calidad.

We present a fabrication process for the production of 3-dimensional micro-structured polymeric films. The microstructures are fabricated in a single step using thermal nanoimprint lithography as patterning technique. The micro-structured polymer films are then transformed into a 3D shape by means of a plug-assisted thermoforming process, while keeping the functionality of the micro-patterned areas. The preserved functionality is characterized by water contact angle measurements, while the deformation of the micro-structured topographies due to the thermoforming process is analyzed using confocal microscopy and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques. This combined fabrication process represents a promising solution to complement in-mold decoration approaches, enabling the production of new functional surfaces. As the microstructures are fabricated by means of a mechanical modification of the surface, without the need of chemical treatments or coatings, the presented technique represents a promising, simple and green solution, suitable for the industrial fabrication of 3D nonplanar shaped functional surfaces.

PurposeHigh-quality optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular scans make it possible to distinguish a range of normal and diseased states by characterising foveal pit shape. Existing mathematical models lack the flexibility to capture all known pit variations and thus characterise the pit with limited accuracy. This study aimed to develop a new model that provides a more robust characterisation of individual foveal pit variations.MethodsA Sloped Piecemeal Gaussian (SPG) model, consisting of a linear combination of a tilted line and a piecemeal Gaussian function (two halves of a Gaussian connected by a separate straight line), was developed to fit retinal thickness data with the flexibility to characterise different degrees of pit asymmetry and pit bottom flatness. It fitted the raw pit data between the two rims of the fovea to improve accuracy. The model was tested on 3488 macular scans from both eyes of 581 young adults (376 myopes and 206 non-myopes, mean (S.D.) age 21.9 (1.4) years). Estimates for retinal thickness, wall height and slope, pit depth and width were derived from the best-fitting model curve. Ten variations of Gaussian and Difference of Gaussian models were fitted to the same scans and compared with the SPG model for goodness of fit (by Root mean square error, RMSE), model complexity (by the Bayesian Information Criteria) and model fidelity.ResultsThe SPG model produced excellent goodness of fit (mean RMSE = 4.25 and 3.89 μm; 95% CI: 4.20, 4.30 and 3.86, 3.93 for fitting horizontal and vertical profiles respectively). The SPG model showed pit asymmetry, with average nasal walls 17.6 (11.6) μm higher and 0.96 (0.61)° steeper than temporal walls and average superior walls 7.0 (12.2) μm higher and 0.41 (0.65)° steeper than the inferior walls. The SPG model also revealed a continuum of human foveal shapes, from round bottoms to extended flat bottoms (up to 563 μm). 49.1% of foveal profiles were best fitted with a flat bottom >30 μm wide. Compared with the other tested models, the SPG was the preferred model overall based on the Bayesian Information Criteria.ConclusionsThe SPG is a new parsimonious mathematical model that improves upon other models by accounting for wall asymmetry and flat pit bottoms, providing an excellent fit and more faithful characterisation of typical foveal pit shapes and their known variations. This new model may be helpful in distinguishing normal foveal shape variations by refractive status as well by other characteristics such as sex, ethnicity and age.

Sofia España,1 Maria Ochoa de Olza,2 Nuria Sala,3 Josep Maria Piulats,2 Ulises Ferrandiz,1 Olatz Etxaniz,1 Lucia Heras,2,4 Oscar Buisan,5 Juan Carlos Pardo,1 Jose F Suarez,6 Pilar Barretina,3 Josep Comet,7 Xavier Garcia del Muro,2 Lauro Sumoy,8 Albert Font1 1Catalan Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; 2Catalan Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet De Llobregat, Spain; 3Catalan Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; 4Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, Spain; 5Urology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain; 6Urology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de LLobregat, Spain; 7Urology Department, University Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; 8High Content Genomics & Bioinformatics Unit, Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, SpainCorrespondence: Albert FontCatalan Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra Canyet, s/n, Badalona 08916, SpainEmail afont@iconcologia.netBackground: Abiraterone acetate (AA) is widely used in the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, a significant percentage of patients will still progress, highlighting the need to identify patients more likely to benefit from AA. Parameters linked to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics are promising prognostic markers. We have examined clinical and PSA-related factors potentially associated with overall survival (OS) in patients treated with AA.Methods: Between 2011 and 2014, 104 patients with mCRPC treated with AA after progression to docetaxel at centers of the Catalan Institute of Oncology were included in this retrospective study. Patients were assessed monthly. Baseline characteristics and variables related to PSA kinetics were included in univariate and multivariate analyses of OS.Results: Median OS was 16.4 months (range 12.4– 20.6) for all patients. The univariate analysis identified the following baseline characteristics as significantly associated with OS: ECOG PS, location of metastases, time between starting androgen deprivation therapy and starting AA, time between stopping docetaxel treatment and starting AA, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), alkaline phosphatase levels, and PSA levels. Factors related to PSA kinetics associated with longer OS were PSA response > 50%, early PSA response (> 30% decline at four weeks), PSA decline > 50% at week 12, PSA nadir < 2.4ng/mL, time to PSA nadir > 140 days, the combination of PSA nadir and time to PSA nadir, and low end-of-treatment PSA levels. The multivariate analysis identified ECOG PS (HR 37.46; p< 0.001), NLR (HR 3.7; p< 0.001), early PSA response (HR 1.22; p=0.002), and time to PSA nadir (HR 0.39; p=0.002) as independent prognostic markers.Conclusion: Our results indicate an association between PSA kinetics, especially early PSA response, and outcome to AA after progression to docetaxel. Taken together with other factors, lack of an early PSA response could identify patients who are unlikely to benefit from AA and who could be closely monitored with a view to offering alternative therapies.Keywords: castration-resistant prostate cancer, abiraterone, PSA kinetics, survival, early PSA response

Abstract Background To describe a unique case of pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy that developed several years after Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Case presentation A 28-year-old woman presented with gradual vision loss in both eyes and nyctalopia for 2 years. Past medical history was relevant for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease since the age of 19 and positive HLA-DR4. Funduscopic examination revealed perivascular pigmentary clumping and atrophic changes radiating from the optic disks. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography through the macula demonstrated perifoveal outer retinal layers loss with cystic degeneration. Fundus autofluorescence showed zonal areas of hypoautofluorescence corresponding to the areas of atrophy. Full-field electroretinogram identified mildly reduced scotopic and photopic responses. The patient was diagnosed with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy. Conclusions Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy may be acquired after Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Pathogenesis of pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy may involve inflammatory-related precursors on a background of genetic predisposition.

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved as second‐line therapy for advanced non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) progressing after platinum‐based chemotherapy. However, some patients' disease progressed rapidly and sometimes exhibited explosive tumor progression. This descriptive, prospective study aimed to assess the characteristics of nonresponders with rapid progression (RP), defined as progression‐free survival (PFS) ≤2 or 2‐4 months under ICIs. Methods This analysis included all consecutive ICI‐treated (second‐or‐more line) patients with RP ≤4 months from 1 September 2016 to 31 August 2017 and compared the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes (overall survival [OS]; responses; PFS, according to treatment line) of NSCLCs that progressed after ≤2 vs 2‐4 months on ICIs. Results Comparisons of the 224 (70.2%) patients with ≤2‐month and 95 (29.8%) with 2‐ to 4‐month RP revealed the former had less frequent nonsmokers and ECOG PS = 0, more frequent stage IV disease and higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Their respective ICI PFS rates were: 1.6 [95% CI: 0.1‐2] and 2.7 [2.0‐4.2] months, with 16.5% and 11.6% having partial responses to first‐ and second‐line therapies post‐ICI chemotherapy. Their respective median OS rates were 6.0 and 9.0 months (P ≤ .009). Multivariate analysis retained only PFS of the first‐line therapy pre‐ICI and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio at ICI onset as being significantly associated with ≤2‐month RP. Conclusion In the real‐life setting, NSCLC RP on ICI remains a challenge. New descriptive and analytic studies are needed to identify factors predictive of RP.

Alain Vergnenègre,1 Victor Basse,2 Gwenaelle Le Garff,3 Olivier Bylicki,4 Catherine Dubos-Arvis,5 Bénédicte Comet,6 Marie Marcq,7 Jacques Le Treut,8 Jean-Bernard Auliac,9 Anne Madroszyk,10 Gislaine Fraboulet,11 Jacky Crequit,12 Pascal Thomas,13 Nicolas Paleiron,14 Isabelle Monnet15 On behalf of the French Lung Cancer Group1Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Dupuytren, Limoges, France; 2CHU Morvan, Brest, France; 3CH Yves-Le-Foll, Saint-Brieuc, France; 4Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart, France; 5Centre François-Baclesse, Caen, France; 6Centre Catalan d’Oncologie, Perpignan, France; 7CH Départemental Vendée, Les Oudairies, La Roche-Sur-Yon, France; 8CH du Pays d’Aix, Aix-En-Provence, France; 9Hôpital Quesnay, Mantes-La-Jolie, France; 10Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; 11CH René-Dubos, Cergy-Pontoise, France; 12CH Laennec, Creil, France; 13CH Intercommunal (CHI) Des Alpes-Du-Sud, Gap, France; 14Hôpital d’Instruction Des Armées Sainte-Anne, Toulon, France; 15CHI Créteil, Créteil, FranceCorrespondence: Alain VergnenègreUnité d’Oncologie Thoracique et Cutanée, CHU de Limoges Hôpital Dupuytren, 2, Avenue Martin-Luther-King, Limoges Cedex 87042, FranceTel +33 5 55 05 62 13Fax +33 5 55 05 64 17Email alain.vergnenegre@unilim.frBackground: Antiangiogenic agents have improved the prognosis of non-squamous non-small–cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), even though all the patients are not eligible to receive them because of counterindications linked to the tumor’s characteristics or comorbidities. Much less information is available about the eligibility of patients with squamous non-small–cell lung cancers (SQ-NSCLCs) to receive antivascular endothelial growth-factor (VEGF) treatments, even though such molecules are being developed for this histology. This study was undertaken to determine the percentage of advanced SQ-NSCLC patients who would be eligible to receive an antiVEGF agent as second-line systemic therapy.Methods: This observational, multicenter, prospective study evaluated advanced SQ-NSCLC patients’ criteria for ineligibility to receive an antiVEGF during a multidisciplinary meeting to choose their standard second-line systemic therapy.Results: Among the 317 patients included, 53.6% had at least one ineligibility criterion, and ∼20% had at least two, with disease extension to large vessels (39.8%), tumor cavitation (20.5%), cardiovascular disease (11%) and/or hemoptysis (7.2%) being the most frequent. Patients with an ECOG performance score of 1/2 had more cardiovascular contraindications that those with scores of 0.Conclusion: Almost half of the SQ-NSCLC patients included in this study would have been eligible to receive an antiVEGF agent. The development of these molecules for these indications should be encouraged.Keywords: lung cancer, squamous non-small cell, antiangiogenic treatments

PurposeTo examine the relationship of choroidal thickness with axial length (AL) and myopia in young adult eyes in the ethnically diverse Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET) cohort.DesignCross-sectional, multicenter study.MethodsIn addition to measures of myopia by cycloplegic autorefraction and AL by A-scan ultrasonography, participants underwent optical coherence tomography imaging of the choroid in both eyes at their last visit (14 years after baseline). Using digital calipers, 2 independent readers measured choroidal thickness in the right eye (left eye if poor quality; n = 37) at 7 locations: fovea and 750, 1500, and 2250 μm nasal (N) and temporal (T) to the fovea.ResultsChoroidal thickness measurements were available from 294 of 346 (85%) imaged participants (mean age: 24.3 ± 1.4 years; 44.9% male) with mean myopia of -5.3 ± 2.0 diopters and mean AL of 25.5 ± 1.0 mm. Overall, choroidal thickness varied by location (P < .0001) and was thickest at the fovea (273.8 ± 70.9 μm) and thinnest nasally (N2250, 191.5 ± 69.3 μm). Multivariable analyses showed significantly thinner choroids in eyes with more myopia and longer AL at all locations except T2250 (P ≤ .001) and presence of peripapillary crescent at all locations except T1500 and T2250 (P ≤ .0001). Choroidal thickness varied by ethnicity at N2250 (P < .0001), with Asians having the thinnest and African Americans the thickest choroids.ConclusionChoroids are thinner in longer, more myopic young adult eyes. The thinning was most prominent nasally and in eyes with a crescent. In the furthest nasal location, ethnicity was associated with choroidal thickness. The findings suggest that choroidal thickness should be evaluated, especially in the nasal regions where myopic degenerations are most commonly seen clinically.

INTRODUCCIÓN. El enfoque fenomenológico comporta una exploración constante. Para ello resulta imprescindible la revisión del equipo de investigación acerca de los preconceptos que están funcionando en relación con el tema de estudio. La epojé tiene un papel fundamental para comprender la participación política siendo mujer y joven. El proceso de revisión constante de las ideas y prejuicios es la parte central en la investigación fenomenológica. MÉTODO. Se exponen las cuatro fases del proceso de investigación para detenernos en la primera parte de la segunda fase; en concreto, en la experiencia de participación política del equipo de investigación. Las reflexiones sobre las experiencias de las integrantes del equipo se realizan a partir de relatos y preguntas abiertas y reuniones sobre participación política. RESULTADOS y DISCUSIÓN. Las ideas y los prejuicios del equipo de investigación interceden en el proceso fenomenológico, hacerlo visible es necesario para adentrarnos en los esenciales sin categorizar la experiencia vivida desde la teoría. Asimismo, implica una concienciación de los prejuicios y estereotipos del equipo con respecto al fenómeno de estudio.

Aim: We aimed to analyze changes in retinal microvascularization with intensive reduction of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with poorly controlled diabetes using quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) metrics. Method: This was a retrospective observational study in patients with uncontrolled diabetes admitted to the hospital for glycemic control. A second set of 15 healthy volunteers was included to serve as a control group. OCT-A was performed at inclusion and at 3 months to measure foveal avascular zone area (FAZA), vessel density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), acircularity index (AI), and fractal dimension (FD). Results: This analysis included 35 patients (35 eyes): 28 type-2 diabetics and 7 type-1 diabetics. Mean HbA1c was 13.1 ± 2.0% at inclusion and 7.0 ± 1.5% at 3 months. In the short period from inclusion to 3 months post-inclusion, patients showed significant decrease in VD–DCP (28.8% vs. 27.8%; p = 0.014), a significant increase in FAZA (0.300 mm2 vs. 0.310 mm2; p < 0.001), and a significant increase in AI (1.31 vs. 1.34; p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis found an increase in FAZA was correlated with baseline HbA1c level and age (R2 = 0.330), and a decrease in VD-DCP was correlated with HbA1c decrease and diabetes duration (R2 = 0.286). Conclusions: Rapid glycemic control in patients with uncontrolled diabetes led to possible short-term microvascular damage that correlated to both initial and decreased HbA1c.

Este artículo explora cómo la actividad deportiva de los padres modera el efecto de la clase social en la participación deportiva de los individuos. A partir de las cuatro Encuestas de Hábitos Deportivos en España realizadas por el CIS, los resultados confirman que pertenecer a una clase social más alta y tener padres físicamente activos (tanto en el presente como en el pasado) aumenta la probabilidad de hacer deporte. Sin embargo, los análisis revelan que el efecto positivo de tener padres que practican deporte en la actualidad es, en igualdad de condiciones, más fuerte para las clases sociales que no están en la parte superior de la estructura social. Estos hallazgos muestran el efecto igualador de tener padres activos, de tal modo que las diferencias entre la clase profesional y el resto desaparecen, o incluso se invierten, cuando se trata de practicar deporte al menos tres veces por semana.

Data acquisition and processing for cryo‐electron tomography can be a significant bottleneck for users. To simplify and streamline the cryo‐ET workflow, Tomo Live, an on‐the‐fly solution that automates the alignment and reconstruction of tilt‐series data, enabling real‐time data‐quality assessment, has been developed. Through the integration of Tomo Live into the data‐acquisition workflow for cryo‐ET, motion correction is performed directly after each of the acquired tilt angles. Immediately after the tilt‐series acquisition has completed, an unattended tilt‐series alignment and reconstruction into a 3D volume is performed. The results are displayed in real time in a dedicated remote web platform that runs on the microscope hardware. Through this web platform, users can review the acquired data (aligned stack and 3D volume) and several quality metrics that are obtained during the alignment and reconstruction process. These quality metrics can be used for fast feedback for subsequent acquisitions to save time. Parameters such as Alignment Accuracy, Deleted Tilts and Tilt Axis Correction Angle are visualized as graphs and can be used as filters to export only the best tomograms (raw data, reconstruction and intermediate data) for further processing. Here, the Tomo Live algorithms and workflow are described and representative results on several biological samples are presented. The Tomo Live workflow is accessible to both expert and non‐expert users, making it a valuable tool for the continued advancement of structural biology, cell biology and histology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) under treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and to find the influencing factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study enrolling SLE patients for less than ten years (Group 1), SLE patients for more than ten years (Group 2), and healthy controls (Group 3). SLE patients should be under treatment with HCQ but without ophthalmological affection. Schirmer test, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), axial length (AL) with optical biometry, and swept-source optical coherence tomography–angiography (OCTA) Triton (Topcon) were performed. All participants fulfilled the Impact of Visual Impairment questionnaire, and SLE patients answered the Lupus Impact Tracker (LIT) questionnaire. Additional data were obtained from clinical records. Results: A totals of 41 eyes (41 patients), 31 eyes (31 patients) and 45 eyes (45 volunteers) were enrolled in the study groups. The mean ages were 41.09 ± 9.56, 45.06 ± 8.47 and 40.25 ± 10.83 years, respectively (p = 0.10). The LIT outcomes were 33.49 ± 20.74 and 35.98 ± 22.66 (p = 0.63), respectively. Group 3 referred to a better VRQoL than Group 2 in all categories and than Group 1 in some of them. A linear regression analysis showed that serum ferritin, SLE activity scales, body-mass index (BMI), age, and BCVA influenced VRQoL. The LIT questionnaire was correlated to two categories of the Impact of Visual Impairment questionnaire (IVI). Conclusions: Despite no ophthalmological affection, SLE patients refer to poorer VRQoL because of disease activity and a low health-related quality of life, which has a negative influence on VRQoL. This masks the effect of other ophthalmological conditions such as dry eyes. Other variables influencing VRQoL are age and BMI, and BCVA, to a lesser extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper looks at how migrants with different skill profiles make use of their education in order to avoid unemployment compared with natives in three European countries with significantly different labour markets and policies for attracting highly skilled migration: France, Spain and the UK. The paper also explores the role played by the quality of the education migrants and natives received in accounting for these differentials, an explanation rarely tested in the literature due to a lack of appropriate data. We here use PIAAC data (OECD), which for the first time offers an interesting proxy of the quality of education, namely the cognitive skills of a representative sample of adult workers in our selected countries. The paper reaches three clear conclusions. Firstly, that it is among the most educated that inequality in obtaining returns to education by migrant status reaches a maximum. Secondly, that there are important differences in how this happens across countries, with the UK minimizing migrant-native differentials when compared with France and Spain. And that thirdly, and most surprisingly, differences in cognitive abilities, our proxy of the quality of education, are somewhat irrelevant in explaining this inequality.

Background: malignant haemopathies increase their incidence and proliferation within the population, among them the lymphoproliferative syndrome occupies an important place, it is a group of disorders of clonal origin, which affects the lymphoid cells, with heterogeneous characteristics from the point of clinical, histological and molecular view. Objective: to group different diagnostic criteria and to disclose new therapeutic options for patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Methods: a bibliographic search was carried out in the access platforms to databases of the Infomed Cuban health information network, within them in EBSCOhost, PubMed / Medline and SciELO. The following descriptors were used: lymphoproliferative syndromes, lymphomas, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results: the historical evolution of the lymphoproliferative syndromes is addressed from its initial description to the present time, as well as the different classifications, the conventional treatments used and an overview of the research carried out in search of new treatments. Conclusions: the classification of non-Hodgkin lymphomas has changed over time; the extent of the disease has a fundamental role in the selection of treatment and possible survival of the patient. There is a wide variety of promising developing agents available for the treatment of follicular lymphoma. DeCS: LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN/classification; LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN/diagnosis; LYMPHOMA, NON-HODGKIN/therapy; LYMPHOMA, FOLLICULAR/therapy; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.