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Pearl millet (PM) (Pennisetum glaucum L.) contains a wide variety of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, mostly flavonoids and phenolic acids. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PM activity against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced behavior impairment and oxidative damage in rats. The rats were divided into four groups based on the treatments they received over 30 days: Control, H2O2, PM + H2O2, and PM. The phytochemical screening, total polyphenols content (TFC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined using colorimetric analysis. All animals were subjected to behavioral test (elevated plus maze test). Thereafter, oxidative stress response (malondialdehyde [MDA], H2O2, and Thiol groups [–SH]) contents and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) were estimated in brain, liver, and kidney tissues. We evaluated the levels of liver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT). Our investigation showed that PM is rich in total phenolic content and TFC and exhibited an important in vitro antioxidant activity. In vivo, we first found that H2O2-treated rat exhibited anxiogenic behavior in the elevated plus maze test and the genesis of oxidative stress in the brain, liver, and kidney was measured by an increase of MDA and antioxidant enzyme activity depletion, such as SOD and CAT. Moreover, H2O2 increased levels of liver enzymes (ALAT and ASAT). Pearl Mille administration improved emotional behavior impairments and significantly reversed H2O2-induced biochemical alterations. Thus, we suggest that the Pearl Mille may have an anxiolytic-like effect and prevent biochemical disorders associated from the oxidative stress (H2O2), confirming its potential therapeutic capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical filters are essential components for a variety of applicative fields, such as communications, chemical analysis and optical signal processing. This article describes the preparation and characterization of a new optical filter made of polyvinyl alcohol and incremental amounts of crystal violet. By using distinct solvents (H2O, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and H2O2) to obtain the dyed polymer films, new insights were gained into the pathway that underlies the possibility of tailoring the material's optical performance. The effect of the dye content on the sample's main properties was inspected via UV–VIS spectroscopy analysis combined with colorimetry, refractometry and atomic force microscopy experiments. The results revealed that the colorimetric parameters are affected by the dye amount and are dramatically changed when the solvent used for film preparation is different. The rise in the refractive index upon polymer dyeing was due to the synergistic effect of the larger polarizability of the dye and the occurrence of hydrogen bonds among the system components. Spectral data evidenced that samples prepared in H2O and DMSO preserve the absorption characteristics of the added dye, whereas H2O2 acts as an oxidizing agent and enhances transparency. Also, for the first two solvents, multiple absorption edges were noted as a result of dye incorporation, which was responsible for the occurrence of new exciton-like states, hence the band gap reduction. The films processed in H2O were able to block radiations in the 506–633 nm range while allowing other wavelengths to pass with a transmittance above 90%. The samples attained in DMSO presented similar properties, with the difference that the domain of light attenuation was shifted towards higher wavelengths. Atomic force microscopy showed the dye's effect on the level of surface roughness uniformity and morphology isotropy. The dyed polymer foils in non-oxidizing agents have suitable features for use as band-pass filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship of dyslipidemia and menopausal symptoms in Chinese menopausal women. Material and methods: A total of 989 eligible participants with menopausal syndrome were recruited from outpatient clinics in several cities in China. Menopausal symptoms were assessed using the Chinese Menopause Rating Scale (CMRS), the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Serum lipid profile was measured using enzyme colorimetry. The relationship between lipid profile and menopausal symptoms was assessed using Student's t test/nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation test, and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the 989 patients, 527 had dyslipidemia while 462 did not. Patients with dyslipidemia had significantly higher Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores than those without (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores. Patients without dyslipidemia had higher scores on the Chinese Menopause Rating Scale (CMRS) vascular dimension compared to those with dyslipidemia (p = 0.003). The correlation test revealed that variables associated with dyslipidemia included age (p = 0.031), CMRS hot flashes dimension score (P = 0.003), and SAS score (p < 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated that BMI (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.16, p = 0.027), SAS scores (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.07–1.13), vasomotor dimension (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83–0.95), physical dimension (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–1.00), and social dimension (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74–0.95) were independently associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia. Conclusions: This study showed that anxiety was associated with an unfavorable lipid profile, and menopausal depression seemed to have no relationship with lipid profile, while vasomotor symptoms appeared to be a favorable factor for dyslipidemia in Chinese menopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cephalotaxus harringtonia has garnered recent attention for its promising medicinal properties attributed to its alkaloid composition, including harringtonine and homoharringtonine known for their radical scavenging activities. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the distribution of harringtonine, homoharringtonine, and ginkgetin in different plant parts of C. harringtonia. Additionally, DPPH and ABTS+ assays were conducted to evaluate the radical scavenging activity of C. harringtonia extracts. These results revealed that bud extracts from C. harringtonia exhibited the highest levels of polyphenols, along with elevated concentrations of harringtonine and homoharringtonine; nevertheless, this phenomenon only marginally influenced their antioxidant potential. These results suggest that, although a high concentration of compounds was detected in the buds of C. harringtonia, the detected compounds and their correlationwith radical scavenging activity appears to be weak. While harringtonine and homoharringtonine are synthesized and maintained at elevated levels within buds to fulfill various physiological functions, including modulation of signal transduction pathways and reinforcement of defense mechanisms, the involvement of other constituents and the potential synergistic interactions among compounds cannot be overlooked in mediating the observed radical scavenging activity. Moreover, the significant concentrations of harringtonine and homoharringtonine in bud extracts highlight the potential applications of C. harringtonia in the pharmaceutical industry and other similar fields. This study emphasizes the imperativeness of further exploring the medicinal applications of C. harringtonia and underscores its prospective implications in pharmaceutical and functional materials development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The broad availability of smartphones has provided new opportunities to develop less expensive, portable, and integrated point-of-care (POC) platforms. Here, a platform that consists of three main components is introduced: a portable housing, a centrifugal microfluidic disc, and a mobile phone. The mobile phone supplies the electrical power and serves as an analysing system. The low-cost housing made from cardboard serves as a platform to conduct tests. The electrical energy stored in mobile phones was demonstrated to be adequate for spinning a centrifugal disc up to 3000 revolutions per minute (RPM), a rotation speed suitable for majority of centrifugal microfluidics-based assays. For controlling the rotational speed, a combination of magnetic and acoustic tachometry using embedded sensors of the mobile phone was used. Experimentally, the smartphone-based tachometry was proven to be comparable with a standard laser-based tachometer. As a proof of concept, two applications were demonstrated using the portable platform: a colorimetric sandwich immunoassay to detect interleukin-2 (IL-2) having a limit of detection (LOD) of 65.17 ng/mL and a fully automated measurement of hematocrit level integrating blood-plasma separation, imaging, and image analysis that takes less than 5 mins to complete. The low-cost platform weighing less than 150 g and operated by a mobile phone has the potential to meet the REASSURED criteria for advanced diagnostics in resource limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of human activities is an important step in automated systems to understand the context of given situations. It can be useful for applications like healthcare monitoring, smart homes, and energy management systems for buildings. To achieve this, a sufficient data basis is required. The presented dataset contains labeled recordings of 25 different activities of daily living performed individually by 14 participants. The data were captured by five multisensors in supervised sessions in which a participant repeated each activity several times. Flawed recordings were removed, and the different data types were synchronized to provide multi-modal data for each activity instance. Apart from this, the data are presented in raw form, and no further filtering was performed. The dataset comprises ambient audio and vibration, as well as infrared array data, light color and environmental measurements. Overall, 8615 activity instances are included, each captured by the five multisensor devices. These multi-modal and multi-channel data allow various machine learning approaches to the recognition of human activities, for example, federated learning and sensor fusion. Dataset: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7937591, direct download link: https://zenodo.org/api/records/7937591/files-archive (accessed on 13 August 2024). Dataset License: CC-BY (v. 4.0) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Bi4V2O11 pigments were synthesized using a coprecipitation method, and the pH value and calcination temperature were optimized from the viewpoint of red colorant. The obtained samples were characterized by XRF, XRD, Rietveld refinement, TEM, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry, SEM, XPS and color measurements. It was found that Bi4V2O11 samples with single-phase monoclinic structure could be prepared, when the calcination temperatures were 973 and 1073 K. The obtained single-phase Bi4V2O11 samples exhibited reddish hue. For the sample, which was prepared at pH = 7.0 and calcined at 973 K, its color coordinates were L* = 46.41, a* = +27.41, b* = +26.09. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) leaves were used as natural dye raw material to dye cotton fabrics. It is aimed to examine the effect of different mordants and nonionic pretreatment on the dyeing of cotton fabrics with eucalyptus leaf. Iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate and aluminium sulfate octadecahydrate were used as mordant matter. Before dyeing process, nonionic surfactant treatment was applied to some of the cotton fabrics by using infrared type dyeing machine. The main purpose is to increase the color yield of cotton fabrics dyed with eucalyptus extract. Depending on the type of mordant or whether it is without mordant, yellowish-brown, blue and grayish tones were obtained in the fabrics color after dyeing process. According to the K/S values from spectrophotometer measurements, the nonionic surfactant treatment increased the color yield and darkened the colors by improving the dyeability of all of the dyed samples. While nonionic surfactant pretreatment did not have a negative effect on dry rubbing fastness, the effect of the pretreatment on wet rubbing fastness of the samples was not significant. The nonionic pretreatment significantly improved the washing fastness (change in color) of the samples which dyed with eucalyptus extract without using mordant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new optical chemical sensor (optode) was developed for the detection of thallium ions. This sensor was created by blending together a synthesized ionophore known as 2-nitro-6-(thiazol-2-yldiazenyl)phenol, along with 3-octadecanoylimino-7-(diethylamino)-1,2-benzophenoxazine (ETH5294) serving as a chromoionophore. Additionally, sodium tetraphenylborate was included as an anionic additive, and dioctyl sebacate was utilized as a plasticizer within a polyvinyl chloride membrane. This study examined various parameters to optimize the determination of Tl3+ ions. Utilizing a colorimetric method with a maximum wavelength of 660 nm, thallium ions were identified. Under the optimal conditions, the optical sensor displayed a broad dynamic range of 1.0 × 10−8 to 7.5 × 10−5 M for thallium, with quantification and detection limits as low as 9.5 × 10−9 and 3.0 × 10−9 M, respectively. The sensor exhibited a rapid response time of 3.0 min, with a relative standard deviation of 1.36% (for 4.0 × 10−5 M, n = 6). The optode demonstrated regeneration capability using a 0.3 M HCl solution. Extensive investigations were conducted to assess potential interference from other ions. Results indicated the new optode's high selectivity towards Tl3+ ions, showing negligible response to common cations and anions tested. This suggests the sensor's specific ability to detect Tl3+ ions. Successfully, the sensor was employed for Tl3+ ion determination in diverse biological and environmental samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO) is the most sought-after constituent in developing solutions for problems across biosensing and diagnostics to implants, automotive to space missions, and manufacturing to waste rehabilitation. GO is costly if procured externally and time-intensive if produced by conventional processes. In this paper, GO is synthesized using an efficient, cost-effective method at a much faster rate. The quality of GO is at par with the standards, and techno-economic analysis reveals that the proposed method took 20–25% less time for synthesis than practised methods. The proposed method is profitable, and the payback period is around 6 to 7 months. Lipase, successfully immobilized on synthesized GO, showed four times free enzyme activity with 75% enzyme loading. This work indicates that the GO from the proposed method, on ultrasonication generates nanometric GO (nano-GO) that are highly biocompatible for lipase-immobilized biosensor applications. The biorecognition module fabricated using GO showed a response time of under 10 min and compatibility with samples with pH between 6 and 9 with a temperature range of 20–45 °C. The biosensor showed a 5.28 µg/mL limit of detection (LOD) and a 1 U/µg/mL sensitivity with a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 5–250 µg/mL. Retention of 60% activity when stored at 10 °C after ten days was observed. The biorecognition module showed resilience to up to 30 mg/L of metal interferents and contaminants. The biorecognition was found to be significant for colorimetry-based paper biosensing. A colorimetric biorecognition module to detect triglyceride (TG) was designed using graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterial, synthesized by modifying previously reported methods. The method reported in the study is 20 to 25% fast and simultaneously provides an excellent quality product. The proposed method was 200% more economical. It was observed that as part of the solid matrix, the GO NPs are an excellent candidate for lipase-immobilized colorimetric biosensors for triglyceride detection. The matrix met the necessary benchmarks of a colorimetric biosensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: To compute total spectral irradiance on the surface of Mars from a selected value of correlated color temperature in the range of 2333 K–5868 K. We analyzed the main colorimetric characteristics of lights on Mars' surface from 3139 total spectral irradiances provided by the COMIMART model (J. Space Weather Space Clim. 5, A33, 2015), modifying the parameters of 'solar zenith angle' and 'opacity', related to the time of day and the amount of dust in the atmosphere of Mars, respectively. Lights on Mars' surface have chromaticities that are mainly located below the Planckian locus, correlated color temperature in the range of 2333 K–5868 K, and CIE 2017 color fidelity indices above 93. For the 24 samples in the X-Rite ColorChecker® and an extreme dust opacity change from 0.1 to 8.1 in the atmosphere, the average color inconstancy generated by the change in Mars' light using the chromatic adaptation transform CIECAT16 was about 5 and 8 CIELAB units for solar zenith angles of 0° and 72°, respectively. We propose a method to compute total spectral irradiances on the surface of Mars from a selected value of correlated color temperature in the range of 2333 K–5868 K. This method is analogous to the one currently adopted by the International Commission on Illumination to compute daylight illuminants on the surface of Earth (CIE 015:2018, clause 4.1.2). The average accuracy of 3139 reconstructed total spectral irradiances using the proposed method was 0.9999558 using GFC (J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 1007–1014, 1997) and 0.0009 ΔEu′v′ units, a value just below noticeable chromaticity differences perceptible by human observers at 50% probability. Total spectral irradiances proposed by Barnes for five correlated temperatures agreed with those obtained from the current proposed method: on the average, GFC = 0.9979521 and 0.0023 ΔE′v′ units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network measurement is an efficient way to understand network behavior. Traditional measurement techniques focus on internet protocol (IP) networks, where the processing capacity of network nodes is limited and primarily dedicated to packet forwarding. As a result, these techniques typically rely on end hosts or external systems to analyze traffic and evaluate network performance. This reliance introduces several challenges, such as increased measurement latency and scalability limitations, particularly in large-scale networks. With the emergence of next-generation internet architectures, especially information-centric networking (ICN), network nodes have gained enhanced capabilities, enabling measurement tasks to be performed directly at these nodes. This paper proposes a distributed measurement scheme where network nodes collaborate to monitor the packet loss rate on the intermediate link. By setting an unused bit in the packet header, the upstream node "colors" the packets into different color blocks. The minimum duration of each block is determined by the degree of reordering on the link, and the number of packets in each block must be a power of two. The downstream node recognizes blocks, assigns packets to the right block, and deduces the original number of packets for each block to calculate packet loss. Moreover, the upstream node adjusts the number of packets in each block based on the packet transmission rate on the link, aiming to balance measurement accuracy and frequency. A P4-based implementation on a BMv2 software switch is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Simulations show that this scheme improves measurement accuracy and is more robust against packet reordering. Additionally, the proposed scheme maintains relatively low network overhead and, at higher measurement frequencies, exhibits the lowest overhead compared to existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymers blending has attracted significant interest in recent years owing to the possibility of synergistic interactions between blended materials which can be impressively beneficial over single substrates. Herein, a Tara gum derivative-(PVA-TG) blend was exploited as stabilizing agent for the synthesis of cyto-compatible PAPBA/(PVA-TG)/Ag, colloidal nanocomposite. Based on the in-situ oxidative polymerization strategy, 3-aminobenzene boronic acid (ABBA), was used for the reduction of silver salt, inside highly hydrophilic (PVA-TG) blend. As a result, AgNPs is formed, while ABBA, is oxidized to its conducting polymer conformation (PAPBA), all within the blended polymers solution. PAPBA/(PVA-TG)/Ag, showed dose-dependent cell viability with IC50 of 3.9 µg/mL against human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells, based on in vitro MTT assay, which attested to its cyto-compatibility. The material was fully characterized using various analytical equipment and was deployed for the detection of metal ion (Au3+ ion) in solution. At the optimal detection conditions, absorbance ratios, (A560/A429) displayed linearity with Au3+ concentrations from 0.10 to 10.0 & 10.0–80.0 µM, with 28.5 nM detection limit (LOD). Further, the mechanistic basis of the detection strategy was proven to be based on galvanic replacement and was applied to Au3+ detection/monitoring in environmental samples with reliable precision and accuracy (99.4–102.3%). In all, we have showcased an innovatively contrived synthesis strategy which can be of huge benefit in toxic metal ions monitoring in water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the repeatability of various color‐measuring mobile phone applications (MPAs) on dental materials in clinically relevant shades in 1‐mm thickness. Materials and Methods: A benchtop spectrophotometer was used as a reference instrument. Seven MPAs were used: Color Analysis, Color Analyzer—Iro Shirabe, Color Grab, and Colorimeter from Android, and Color Analyzer—Iro Shirabe, ColorMeter RGB, and Optishade from iOS. Color measurements were performed on 1‐mm thickness slices of CAD‐CAM materials, Vita Enamic shades 1M2, 2M2, 3M2, 4M2, and Vitablocs Mark II shades A1C, A2C, A3C, A4C (n = 10, for a total 80 specimens). The specimens were measured at three time periods, Day 0, Day 1, and Day 7, and three measurements were made on each day, to mimic short‐, medium‐, and long‐term repeatability. The color differences were analyzed using the CIEDE2000 formula, with the corresponding color difference (ΔE00), and mean color difference from the mean (MCDM00). One‐way ANOVA, Repeated measures ANOVA, and Paired sample t‐tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Optishade from iOS showed the lowest mean color difference among the MPAs (ΔE00 = 0.2 (SD 0.1), 0.3 (SD 0.2), and 0.2 (SD 0.1) at Day 0, 1, and 7, respectively, and ΔE00 = 0.5 (SD 0.3) for all three periods Days 0–1, 0–7, and 1–7). Material‐dependent variations in the repeatability of color measurements were observed. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference among color measurements using MPAs and a spectrophotometer, among the MPAs, and materials. The spectrophotometer exhibited the highest repeatability across the tested time periods. The iOS Optishade showed the highest repeatability among the MPAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal cycling (TC) on the color stability, translucency, and surface roughness of two different gingival porcelain materials. Materials and Methods: The gingival porcelains IPS e.max Ceram Gingiva (Ceram) and IPS InLine Gingiva (InLine) were tested. A total of 66 disc‐shaped specimens were prepared and glazed using porcelain powders of G1, G3, and G5 colors. The samples were divided into two porcelain groups by their types and into three subgroups (n11) by their colors. Thermal cycling was performed at 6000 cycles simulating an oral environment of 5 years. The color and surface roughness measurements of the samples were made before and after the thermal cycling. Color measurements were made with a spectrophotometer. Surface roughness (mean surface roughness [Ra; μm]) was measured using a contact profilometer. Data before thermal cycling were evaluated using the Kruskal‒Wallis test followed by the Dunn Bonferonni paired comparison test. Two‐way ANOVA with repeated measurements and a pairwise comparison test with Bonferroni correction were used to evaluate the change in roughness and translucency parameter (TP) data between groups due to thermal cycling. Results: The color change was below the clinically perceptible color change threshold (∆E00 = 2.1) in all groups after thermal cycling. However, all materials had significantly increased roughness (p < 0.05). An increase in roughness was detected in the Ceram group and was higher than that in the InLine group. The change in the translucency parameters of the samples after thermal cycling was not statistically significant; a small increase was observed in all groups. The highest translucency values ​​were seen in the G1, G3, and G5 colors. Conclusions: Thermal cycling caused a significant increase in the roughness values ​​(Ra) of all materials and a minimal increase in their translucency. The color change of gingival porcelains after thermal cycling was less than the clinically perceptible threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro- and nanorobots (MNRs) have attracted significant interest owing to their promising applications in various fields, including environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and microengineering. This review explores advances in the synthetic routes used for the preparation of MNRs, focusing on both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Although the top-down approach dominates the field because of its versatility in design and functionality, bottom-up strategies that utilize template-assisted electrochemical deposition and bioconjugation present unique advantages in terms of biocompatibility. This review investigates the diverse propulsion mechanisms employed in MNRs, including magnetic, electric, light, and biological forces, which enable efficient navigation in various fluidic environments. The interplay between the synthesis and propulsion mechanisms of MNRs in the development of colorimetric and fluorescence detection platforms is emphasized. Additionally, we summarize the recent advancements in MNRs as sensing and biosensing platforms, particularly focusing on colorimetric and fluorescence-based detection systems. By utilizing the controlled motion of MNRs, dynamic changes in the fluorescent signals and colorimetric responses can be achieved, thereby enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of biomolecular detection. This review highlights the transformative potential of MNRs in sensing applications and emphasizes their role in advancing diagnostic technologies through innovative motion-driven signal transduction mechanisms. Subsequently, we provide an overview of the primary challenges currently faced in MNR research, along with our perspective on the future applications of MNR-assisted colorimetric and fluorescence biosensing in chemical and biological sensing. Moreover, issues related to enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and integration with existing detection systems are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of two different at-home whitening protocols and to determine which is more effective: applying the whitening gel (16% carbamide peroxide) every 24 hours (Group A) or every 48 hours (Group B) for 2 weeks. Group C received a placebo gel (glycerin) without peroxide, which was applied every 24 hours for 2 weeks. The differences in terms of tooth sensitivity were also analyzed. A sample of 60 patients was divided into three groups of 20 patients. To compare the groups, color measurements were made using a spectrophotometer, and Student t test was used for independent samples. The confidence level was set at 95% (P ≤ .05). No statistically significant differences were found between Groups A and B (P > .05). The study concluded that 16% carbamide peroxide was equally effective when applied with either protocol and obtained the same results, but the 48-hour application protocol produced less sensitivity than the 24-hour application protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a breakthrough in the field of onsite bacterial detection, offering an innovative, rapid, and ultrasensitive colorimetric biosensor for the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, using chemically modified melamine foam (MF). Different from conventional platforms, such as 96-well plates and fiber-based membranes, the modified MF features a macroporous reticulated three-dimensional (3D) framework structure, allowing fast and free movement of large biomolecules and bacteria cells through the MF structure in every direction and ensuring good accessibility of entire active binding sites of the framework structure with the target bacteria, which significantly increased sensitive and volume-responsive detection of whole-cell bacteria. The biosensing platform requires less than 1.5 h to complete the quantitative detection with a sensitivity of 10 cfu/mL, discernible by the naked eye, and an enhanced sensitivity of 5 cfu/mL with the help of a smartphone. Following a short enrichment period of 1 h, the sensitivity was further amplified to 2 cfu/mL. The biosensor material is volume responsive, making the biosensing platform sensitivity increase as the volume of the sample increases, and is highly suitable for testing large-volume fluid samples. This novel material paves the way for the development of volume-flexible biosensing platforms for the record-fast, onsite, selective, and ultrasensitive detection of various pathogenic bacteria in real-world applications.

Abstract Detecting glucose levels is crucial for diabetes patients as it enables timely and effective management, preventing complications and promoting overall health. In this endeavor, we have designed a novel, affordable point-of-care diagnostic device utilizing microfluidic principles, a smartphone camera, and established laboratory colorimetric methods for accurate glucose estimation. Our proposed microfluidic device comprises layers of adhesive poly-vinyl films stacked on a poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) base sheet, with micro-channel contours precision-cut using a cutting printer. Employing the gold standard glucose-oxidase/peroxidase reaction on this microfluidic platform, we achieve enzymatic glucose determination. The resulting colored complex, formed by phenol and 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide generated during glucose oxidation, is captured at various glucose concentrations using a smartphone camera. Raw images are processed and utilized as input data for a 2-D convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning classifier, demonstrating an impressive 95% overall accuracy against new images. The glucose predictions done by CNN are compared with ISO 15197:2013/2015 gold standard norms. Furthermore, the classifier exhibits outstanding precision, recall, and F1 score of 94%, 93%, and 93%, respectively, as validated through our study, showcasing its exceptional predictive capability. Next, a user-friendly smartphone application named “GLUCOLENS AI” was developed to capture images, perform image processing, and communicate with cloud server containing the CNN classifier. The developed CNN model can be successfully used as a pre-trained model for future glucose concentration predictions.

Aim: The precise estimation and replication of skin color are crucial for maxillofacial prosthesis. The study aimed to evaluate facial skin color with a colorimeter and suggest a skin shade guide and formula for color estimation. Settings and Design: An observational study conducted in the department of prosthodontics. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted on 368 individuals of Indian origin in age range of 20–45 years. The facial skin color was assessed in malar regions using SkinColorCatch colorimetric device and individual topography angle (ITA) and CIELAB L*a*b* values were noted. Statistical Analysis Used: K-means clustering was utilized to propose a shade guide for maxillofacial prosthesis with 24 skin shades. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to propose a formula to estimate skin shade of the individuals. Results: Based on cluster analysis, 368 subjects were divided into three clusters with similar characteristic as Cluster 1 with dark skin color in 88 (23.91%) subjects, Cluster 2 with medium skin color in 224 (60.87%) subjects, and Cluster 3 with light skin color in 56 (15.22%) subjects. The mean ITA and L*a*b* values for cluster 1 were −47.04° ±14.77°, 34.53 ± 4.31, 8.55 ± 2, 11.42 ± 3.7033, respectively. The mean ITA angle and L*a*b* values for Cluster 2 were 4.29° ±11.34° 51.67 ± 3.42, 8.79 ± 3.13, 21.36 ± 2.38, respectively. The mean ITA and L*a*b* values for Cluster 3 were 34.65 ± 4.29°, 62.66 ± 3.08, 6.53 ± 1.79, 17.73 ± 2.39, respectively. The proposed shade guide comprised a total of 24 different shades that were categorized into three primary colors according to three distinct clusters, each of which was further broken down into eight subclusters containing various shades within each cluster. Logistic regression analysis gave an equation as follows: Y =12.43 + 0.186X (Y = Predicted skin color, X = ITA angle). Conclusions: Twenty-four facial skin shade tabs have been proposed based on ITA angle and CIELAB values. This comprehensive approach to categorize the shades will ensure a detailed and organized system for selecting and matching colors in maxillofacial prosthesis.

Abstract Background This study proposes a simple digital image colorimetric method using a smartphone for the quantitative analysis of isoniazid in pharmaceutical medications. The analytical methodology employed in this study involved the utilization of the reaction between isoniazid and FC reagent under alkaline conditions. The chemical reaction led to the creation of a complex with a blue-gray color, exhibiting a peak absorption at a wavelength of 760 nm. An Android application was employed to perform a smartphone-based determination based on separating the captured color into different color channels such as red, blue, green, etc. The experimental procedure involved the utilization of three smartphones for the determination, which was subsequently followed by a comparative analysis of the results obtained from these devices using spectrophotometric measurements. Results The B channel had the highest level of optimization in terms of analytical parameters. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.586, 2.478, and 1.396 µg/ml for S1, S2, and S3, respectively, and for the spectrophotometer, it was found to be 0.416 µg/ml. Similarly, LOQs were determined as 1.673, 7.511, 4.232, and 1.302 µg/ml. A %RSD of 1.3 for precision and an LOD of 0.013 g dm−3 were obtained for the spectroscopic method. The % recovery in the accuracy study was found to be 99.69, 101.804, 109.28, and 100.13 for S1, S2, S3, and spectrophotometer, respectively. Conclusion The colorimetric results from smartphone application are similar to those from spectrophotometric analyses.

Objective: Pancreatic cancer is characterized by low survival rate and rapid deterioration. Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, is closely related to tumor progression. The purpose of this study is to look into how METTL14 affects pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis, cell division, and apoptosis. Material and Methods: We examined and contrasted the levels of METTL14 protein and messenger RNA expression in human pancreatic ductal cells and human pancreatic cancer cells. After silencing or upregulating METTL14, the proliferative ability, migration ability, and cell apoptosis of pancreatic tumor cells was detected by colony-forming assay, wound scratch healing assay, cell counting kit 8 assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling assay. Following the use of c-Myc inhibitor (10058-F4), western blot analysis was carried out to investigate the key factor expression and c-Myc signaling pathway activation status. Results: METTL14 was preferentially expressed in human pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 and SW1990 than in human normal pancreatic duct cells human pancreatic nestin-expressing cells (HPNE) (P < 0.001). Overexpression of METTL14 increased the tumorigenic and proliferative ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Overexpression of METTL14 decreased apoptosis rate. Western blot assay showed that nucleus b-catenin increased when METTL14 was overexpressed, and nucleus b-catenin decreased when METTL14 was silenced in PANC-1 cell (P < 0.01). The protein expression of other key factors, such as c-Myc, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and MMP-2, were also affected. The use of c-Myc inhibitor (10058-F4) on the basis of OE-METTL14 reversed the effect of the overexpression of METTL14 on promoting the tumorigenesis and cell proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and SW1990. Conclusion: METTL14 promoted the tumorigenesis and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by the c-Myc signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive compounds have been shown to promote healthy human development and protect against certain diseases including some cancers. Tropical pumpkins bred for consumption, such as calabaza (Cucurbita moschata), possess these compounds, though concentrations vary considerably between varieties. Bioactive compound quantification methods can be expensive, complex, and generate considerable hazardous waste. A predictive tool utilizing the relationship between extrinsic properties and tristimulus colorimetry values of calabaza would allow for significantly higher throughput with lower requirements for equipment, training, and laboratory consumables. Therefore, this study examined correlations between flesh color and bioactive compound quantities of several calabaza germplasm lines to assess the utility of a sustainable and portable predictive tool. CIEL* a* b* values of pumpkin flesh were assessed using a colorimeter and compared to bioactive compound concentrations determined analytically. Redness was found to correlate with increased ascorbic acid and total soluble solids content. Yellowness correlated with β-carotene equivalent carotenoids and ascorbic acid content. These results suggest that colorimetry may be a viable pre-screening technique for quantifying bioactive compounds in C. moschata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports a series of yellow-green near-infrared (NIR) reflective pigments, Ba(Mg 6-x-y Zn y Ti 6-x Cr 2x)O 19 (x = 0–1.0, y = 0–2.5), with strong NIR reflectivity for solar thermal energy regulation. Comprehensive analyses were carried out to characterize the obtained pigments including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometry, and CIE L*a*b* color measurement. Absorption spectra of Ba(Mg 6-x Ti 6-x Cr 2x)O 19 showed that the yellow-green absorption is attributed to the octahedrally coordinated Cr3+ with d-d electron transitions of 4A 2 (F)→4T 1 (F) and 4A 2 (F)→4T 2 (F). However, their broad absorption peak centered at 1200 nm severely deteriorated the insulating properties of the pigments. Through substituting Mg with Zn, the obtained pigment Ba(Mg 2.5 Zn 2.5 Ti 5 Cr 2)O 19 showed an excellent NIR solar reflectance (R* = 67 %) with color performances (L* = 61.98, a* = −18.72, b* = 22.23). EnergyPlus simulation results show that for a warm city (Haikou), the Ba(Mg 2.5 Zn 2.5 Ti 5 Cr 2)O 19 coating for the external surface of a model house (TSR = 35 %, R* = 55 %) can reduce annual cooling energy consumption by 8 % of the house. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a sensitive and simple colorimetric method using dispersed particle extraction for the highly sensitive detection of free cyanide in water samples. The method involves the direct capture of the color-producing compound by dispersed microparticles in a sample vessel containing colorimetric reagents and an adsorbent. The color of the microparticles that have naturally settled to the bottom of the microtube can be directly measured by visual observation or image analysis. A mobile photography box (MPB) suitable for use with a smartphone was developed to ensure reproducibility in the lighting environment during image acquisition. The MPB was then used to develop a highly sensitive analytical method for cyanide. This newly developed method allows direct measurement of the color tone of the target component collected on particles by irradiating light from below and photographing it perpendicularly. The method offers excellent portability, sensitivity, and reproducibility and is less affected by interfering color components. When applied to cyanide analysis, the detection limit reached 0.005 mg/L and measurements could be completed within 10 min, significantly shorter than the conventional absorbance spectrophotometric method, which requires 30 min. Thus, this method achieves highly sensitive cyanide analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting glucose levels is crucial for diabetes patients as it enables timely and effective management, preventing complications and promoting overall health. In this endeavor, we have designed a novel, affordable point-of-care diagnostic device utilizing microfluidic principles, a smartphone camera, and established laboratory colorimetric methods for accurate glucose estimation. Our proposed microfluidic device comprises layers of adhesive poly-vinyl films stacked on a poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) base sheet, with micro-channel contours precision-cut using a cutting printer. Employing the gold standard glucose-oxidase/peroxidase reaction on this microfluidic platform, we achieve enzymatic glucose determination. The resulting colored complex, formed by phenol and 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide generated during glucose oxidation, is captured at various glucose concentrations using a smartphone camera. Raw images are processed and utilized as input data for a 2-D convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning classifier, demonstrating an impressive 95% overall accuracy against new images. The glucose predictions done by CNN are compared with ISO 15197:2013/2015 gold standard norms. Furthermore, the classifier exhibits outstanding precision, recall, and F1 score of 94%, 93%, and 93%, respectively, as validated through our study, showcasing its exceptional predictive capability. Next, a user-friendly smartphone application named "GLUCOLENS AI" was developed to capture images, perform image processing, and communicate with cloud server containing the CNN classifier. The developed CNN model can be successfully used as a pre-trained model for future glucose concentration predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: Careful selection of materials and resin cement shade can minimize color changes in laminate veneers. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of two ceramic material types, lithium disilicate glass–ceramic material (Ivoclar, Schaan/Liechtenstein; IPS e.max), computer aided design (CAD) and IPS e.max Press, and four different resin cement shades on color changes in lithium disilicate ceramic laminate veneers. Methods: Forty extracted human maxillary first premolars were prepared to receive a laminate veneer. Optical scanning and digital designing were used to prepare 20 IPS e.max CAD and 20 IPS e.max Press veneer samples. These samples were divided into four groups based on resin cement shade and material: Group CAD A1 : (IPS e.max CAD with A1 cement shade), Group CAD T : (IPS e.max CAD with translucent cement shade), Group CAD M : (IPS e.max CAD with milky bright cement shade), Group CAD B1 : (IPS e.max CAD with B1 cement shade) and the same divisions for IPS e.max Press. Before cementation, color measurements were obtained using precision colorimeter NR110. After cementation, the ∆E (color change) value was recorded and tabulated. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's post hoc test were used to evaluate the influence of ceramic material types and cement shade on ∆E. Results: There were significant differences between the IPS e.max CAD and e.max Press veneers for the four tested cement shades. The highest color change was observed in press M veneers (8.84 ± 0.63931) while the lowest color change was observed in CAD M veneers (0.5 ± 0.16371). There were significant differences in color change based on cement shade, with B1 showing the greatest change (8.84 ± 0.47440 for Press veneers and 2.3 ± 0.11992 for CAD veneers). Conclusions: Different shades of resin cements and different manufacturing techniques produce different levels of color changes therefore careful selection of materials and cement shade can minimize color changes in laminate veneers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a ratiometric fluorescent sensor CdTe QDs@ZIF-8 with butterfly spectra is successfully constructed by in situ encapsulating mercaptopropionic acid-modified CdTe quantum dots in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) with a simple strategy, and used for the detection of tetracycline in fluorescence/smartphone colorimetry dual-mode. ZIF-8 not only reduces the agglomeration of the quantum dots but also surprisingly generates a new green fluorescence signal at 524 nm while the red fluorescence of the CdTe quantum dots at 650 nm quenches when tetracycline is added. The two opposing fluorescence signals create a butterfly-shaped fluorescence spectrum, allowing the sensor to detect tetracycline over a linear range of 0–70 μM with the detection limit (LOD) of 0.0155 μM by using a ratiometric fluorescence technique. What is more, based on the obvious color change of the fluorescent sensor gradually from red to green under UV light, a highly stable point-of-care testing sensor has been developed for on-site detection of tetracycline through color recognition by smartphones, which can be used for real-time detection of this antibiotic in the range of 0–1000 μM with the LOD of 0.0249 μM. This work provides a simple and efficient method for the on-site detection of tetracycline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: White tea, derived from the Camellia sinensis plant like other teas, uses tender buds and young leaves and undergoes minimal processing. This results in higher levels of antioxidants and bioactive substances, which may enhance thermogenesis more effectively than other teas. This first human study aimed to investigate the acute effects of white tea consumption on resting energy expenditure (REE) and some vital signs, including blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and body temperature (BT). Methods: Thirty-two healthy female volunteers with normal initial BP and whose caffeine intakes were < 300 mg/d were enrolled in the study. The caffeine and total phenolic content of white tea samples were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography method and the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, respectively. After baseline measurements, participants consumed white tea containing 6 mg of caffeine per kilogram of lean body mass, and the white tea was prepared with bottled drinking water at 80 °C and brewed for 3 min. REE, BP, and BT were assessed at various intervals (baseline, 30 min, 120 min, and 180 min) post-consumption of the white tea. Results: The results revealed a significant increase in REE by 8.7% at 180 min after the consumption. In particular, there was a substantial difference in both values between the intervals of 30 min to 180 min and baseline to 180 min for REE (p < 0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption and BT also increased significantly over time (p < 0.05) and the observed increment in BT suggests a thermogenic effect associated with white tea consumption. However, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and heart rate showed no significant difference. Conclusions: These findings suggest white tea consumption may acutely enhance REE and maximal oxygen consumption, so the results are promising for body weight management. This study is the first human study in the literature about the effects of white tea on energy expenditure and vital signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report using the 2D oxygen-deficient mesoporous Mn2O3 nanosheets to act as laccase enzyme mimicked dual colorimetric and electrochemical nanosensors for highly sensitive detection of epinephrine. Scientists have been highly motivated to develop nanomaterial-based sensors for the practical detection of epinephrine (EP) in real samples. EP is a crucial biomarker for different mental disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Manganese oxides and their composites are extensively utilized as oxidase-mimicked catalysts, in which chromogenic compound is utilized for colorimetric sensing. For the first time, we utilized the 2D Mn2O3 nanosheets as laccase-mimicked nanosensors for both colorimetric and electrochemical detection without using any chromogenic compounds. The oxygen-deficient mesoporous structures of the 2D Mn2O3 nanosheets provide high surface areas and abundant reactive sites for activation and adsorption of the analytes. When the EP molecules are adsorbed onto the porous structures of the Mn2O3 nanosheets, electron transfer occurs and EP converts into adrenochrome, which is a colorful compound. The response of color change was measured in absorption intensity. The linear range of detection of the nanosensor was 1–100 μM, and the limit of the detection (LOD) was 0.25 μM. The Mn2O3 nanosheets were further utilized as an electrochemical sensor too for the detection of EP, and the LOD observed for the electrochemical nanosensor was 0.13 μM with a linear range of 500 nM to 325 μM. The nanosensor's performance was evaluated in blood serum and urine, yielding R2 values of 0.9985 and 0.9948, respectively. This highlights the potential of the 2D Mn2O3 nanosheets for EP sensing. We believe that our laccase-mimicked 2D Mn2O3 nanosheets and their application as dual colorimetric and electrochemical nanosensors is a good platform that can be equally applied for biological and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acidic conditions affect the archaeological bone in the burial and in uncontrolled display and storage environment or due to improper restoration processes. Accordingly, bones become weak and fragile. This study aims to evaluate nano calcium propionate and nano styrene butyl acrylate (used for the first time in the treatment of bones) at different concentrations for deacidification and consolidation of fragile bones. New bone samples were prepared. Artificial accelerated aging (acid and heat) was applied to prepare aged untreated samples. Deacidification and consolidation processes using the materials mentioned above were applied. The analytical techniques used were transmission electron microscope (TEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for morphological and thermal stability investigation for the prepared nano styrene butyl acrylate copolymer and its calcium propionate nonocomposites, a digital microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for investigation of the surface morphology, pH value measurement, change of color measurement, attenuated total reflection—Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR), contact angle (wettability), and X-ray diffraction analysis for measurement of bone crystallinity. The results proved that acid-heat aging affected bone properties such as changes in surface morphology and color, decrease in pH value, and contact angle. Bone samples became more crystalline, and the chemical composition of bone was also affected. The treatment of aged untreated bone samples with the materials used in this study improved their properties, such as increasing the pH value and contact angle. The surface morphology, color change, and crystallinity of bone improved and became more stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycolysis is one of the key metabolic reprogramming characteristics of ovarian cancer. Ursolic Acid (UA), as a natural compound, exerts a beneficial regulatory effect on tumor metabolism. In this study, we have confirmed through RNA-seq analysis and a series of in vitro and in vivo functional experiments that UA significantly inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation, promotes tumor apoptosis, and reduces glycolysis levels. Additionally, it demonstrates synergistic therapeutic effects with cisplatin in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, at the molecular level, we found that UA inhibits glycolysis in ovarian cancer by binding to the transcription factor KLF5 and blocking the transcriptional expression of the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby exerting its therapeutic effect. In conclusion, our research indicates that UA can inhibit the proliferation, apoptosis, and glycolysis levels of ovarian cancer cells through the KLF5/PI3K/AKT signaling axis. Our findings offer a new perspective on the therapeutic application of the natural compound UA in ovarian cancer and support its potential development as a candidate for chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Onosma sintenisii Hausskn. ex Bornm. (O. sintenisii) belongs to the Boraginaceae family and it is an endemic species from Irano-turanian phytogeographical region (central and eastern Anatolia) that distributes in steppe areas. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxic and apoptosis induction of methanol extract of aerial parts of O. sintenisii. As a result of GC/MS analysis, 14 components were identified, and the major compounds of the extracts are retronecine (13.94%), α.-D-Glucopyranosiduronic acid (10.86%), melaniline (7.5%) and 1,2-Butanediol (4.02%), respectively. Antioxidant properties of O. sintenisii were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and superoxide radical scavenging activity methods. While the DPPH free radical scavenging activity results of O. sintenisii extract varied between 62.49% and 32.27%, reducing power activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity were found to be low. The result of the MTT assay revealed strong anticancer activity of O. sintenisii extract. The most significant cytotoxic effect was noted at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL after 48 hours. These findings together with flow cytometry analysis suggest that apoptosis can be the main mechanism underlying cell death after O. sintenisii extract treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A colorimetric device is proposed for identifying and detecting the adulteration of various types of starch and flour by diffuse reflection of UV and IR radiation from LEDs. The color characteristics of the samples (RGB channel values) were determined using cameras on OnePlus 10 Pro and iPhone 14 smartphones with installed applications PhotoMetrix PRO, ColorGrab, and RGBer. Near-infrared spectra (4000–10 000 cm–1) were recorded on a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. Specialized software packages, including TQ Analyst 9, The Unscrambler X, and XLSTAT, processed the dataset of colorimetric and spectral characteristics. The identification features included clustering patterns for different types of starch and flour in principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Optimal wavelengths for determining the quality of adulteration of the tested samples were identified: for starch, the simultaneous use of all LEDs (365, 390, 850, and 880 nm); for flour, LEDs with wavelengths of 365 and 390 nm. The qualitative adulteration was assessed using graphs of the dependence of the F1 component on the mass fraction of the added foreign substance in the starch or flour. The effectiveness of the colorimetric method was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the near-infrared region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-responsive ratio electrochemical-colorimetric method for nitrite (NO2−) is established based on the combination of nanoenzyme (Mn3O4) catalysis with diazotization reactions. The Mn3O4 can oxidize colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into blue TMBox. The NO2− induces the diazotization reaction of TMBox, leading to a decrease of the signal at 652 nm and the generation of a new signal from diazotized TMBox at 445 nm. Furthermore, the presence of NO2− reduces the electrochemical oxidation signal of TMB and simultaneously provides its electrochemical signal. Compared with traditional single-mode detection, dual-mode detection offers higher sensitivity, lower detection limits, and better interference resistance. The inherent advantages of this method make it feasible to detect NO2− in real samples, offering broad prospects for applications in food safety and environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uniform PtCoRuRhFe high-entropy alloy nanoflowers (HEANFs) were fabricated by a simple wet-chemical co-reduction method in oleylamine for quantitative colorimetric determination of captopril (CAP) based on multi-site synergistic signal amplification. Specifically, the peroxidase mimetic activity of the PtCoRuRhFe HEANFs was examined through catalysis of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation, whose catalytic mechanism was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The role of the ·O2− was figured out during the catalytic procedure. Further, the oxidation of TMB (oxTMB) can be effectively reduced by CAP, accompanied by quickly transforming the solution color from blue to colorless. More importantly, the absorbance at 652 nm is linearly related to the CAP concentration in a range 5.0–50.0 mM with a low detection limit of 2.82 mM. The method has been applied to the determination of CAP in human urine samples. It offers a simple and high-efficiency method for facile and visual detection of CAP in hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to synthesize new disperse dyes based on novel pyrazolyl quinolinone derivatives EQ1 and EQ2 and evaluate their characteristics after dyeing them on a polyester fabric. Design/methodology/approach: New dispersed dyes based on pyrazolyl quinolinone derivatives were prepared and confirmed by different analyses, such as infrared spectroscopy, elemental microanalysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. They were dyed on a polyester fabric. The characteristics of dyed polyester were determined by color measurements such as a*, b*, L*, C*, E, Ho, R% and color strength. The electronic structures of EQ1 and EQ2 in gaseous state were investigated using density functional theory/B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) level of theory. Findings: The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for dyeing on polyester fabrics has been investigated. The study was concerned with comparing the contrasting depth of shade and levelness. The study was concerned mainly with dye uptake and color measurements at two different temperatures. The results showed that the exhaustion values of dyes inside the polyester at 130°C were higher than those obtained at conventional dyeing temperature (100°C). The exhaustion values of EQ2 were greater than those of EQ1 at 130°C with 2.2%, while the brightness of EQ2 was higher than that of EQ1 at the two investigated temperatures. The results of molecular orbital calculations show that the studied compounds are planar. In addition, the ionization potential of EQ1 was lower than that of EQ2. The results of the theoretical study helped in understanding the dyeing behavior of the investigated azo dyes. Originality/value: The prepared disperse dyes based on pyrazolyl quinolinone derivatives could be used in textile dyeing of polyester on an industrial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews the progress and challenges in developing rapid colorimetric and turbidimetric test kits for commercial soil nutrient analyses, focusing on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Although common laboratory analytical techniques are accurate, they are often expensive and require advanced technical skills. Consequently, commercial in situ soil test kits have gained attention as potential alternatives to these tests. These kits use universal extractants that can simultaneously extract multiple nutrients and colorimetry and turbidimetry for nutrient determination. A critical aspect of these kits is the selection of suitable extractants that are effective under various soil conditions, chemically safe, compatible with analytical systems, and have a long shelf life. This review assesses the efficacy of several extractants in conjunction with colorimetric and turbidimetric reagents. Examples include H3A-4 and Kelowna extractants using the zinc–Griess reagent, salicylic method, molybdenum yellow method, and sodium tetraphenyl boron method for nitrate, ammonium, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. These extractants and reagents have been highlighted for their adaptability, safety, rapid color formation, and minimal compatibility issues, making them promising candidates for rapid test kit development. However, rapid soil test kits are designed to provide a general understanding of soil nutrient status. They are not intended to replace detailed laboratory analyses in situations where precision is critical. Additionally, these kits should be validated against standard laboratory methods to determine their accuracy and reliability. This review highlights the importance of balancing practicality and accuracy when developing rapid soil test kits for soil nutrient analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Huashi Baidu Formula (HBF) is a clinical formula known for its efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). HBF may reduce the number of patients with abnormal serum creatinine while improving respiratory symptoms, suggesting that this formula may have potential for treating acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the protective effect of HBF on AKI has not been definitively confirmed, and the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the present study explored the renoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of HBF and screened for its active ingredients to identify new potential applications of renoprotection by HBF. Methods: The present study first assessed the protective effects of HBF on AKI in a DOX-induced mouse model. Then, RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses were used to explore the related pathological processes and potential molecular mechanisms, which were subsequently validated using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Furthermore, candidate compounds with potential binding affinity to two pivotal targets, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were screened from the 29 constituents present in the blood using Microscale Thermophoresis (MST). Finally, to identify the active ingredients, the candidate components were re-screened using the SphK1 kinase activity detection system or the uPA/PAI-1 substrate colorimetric assay system. Results: In the DOX-induced AKI mouse model, therapeutic administration of HBF significantly reduced the levels of CRE, BUN, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and UA in plasma and the levels of MDA, T-CHO, and TG in kidney tissue. Additionally, the levels of TP and Alb in plasma and SOD and CAT in the kidney tissue were significantly increased. Histopathological assessment revealed that HBF reduced tubular vacuolation, renal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular atrophy, and positive staining of renal interstitial collagen. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses showed that oxidative stress, the immune-inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation could be the pathological processes that HBF targets to exerts its renoprotective effects. Furthermore, HBF regulated the APJ/SPHK1/NF-κB and APJ/PAI-1/TGFβ signaling axes and reduced the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and SMAD2 and the expression of cytokines and the ECM downstream of the axis. Finally, six SphK1 inhibitors (paeoniflorin, astragalin, emodin, glycyrrhisoflavone, quercetin, and liquiritigenin) and three PAI-1 inhibitors (glycyrrhisoflavone, licochalcone B, and isoliquiritigenin) were identified as potentially active ingredients in HBF. Conclusion: In brief, our investigation underscores the renoprotective effect of HBF in a DOX-induced AKI model mice, elucidating its mechanisms through distinct pathological processes and identifying key bioactive compounds. These findings offer new insights for broadening the clinical applications of HBF and unravelling its molecular mode of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the effectiveness of thermography, colorimetry, and oximetry at detecting temperature changes after erythema induction across diverse skin tones in healthy adults. Erythema was induced at the forearm and ulnar head (UH) using a cupping device. Temperature via thermal image, erythema value via colorimeter, and oxygen saturation via oximeter were collected immediately and 5–10 min (delayed) after cupping at both sites. At the forearm, the delayed timepoint was significantly warmer than baseline. At the UH, the immediate timepoint was significantly colder than baseline. Erythema increased at both timepoints and both locations. The correlation between temperature change and erythema change was weak. Change in temperature did not differ between skin tone groups. The Intermediate Low Eumelanin skin tone group had more change in erythema compared to the Intermediate Mid (i.e., darkest) skin tone group immediately after cupping at the UH and at the delayed timepoint at the forearm. This study observed differences in the change of erythema across skin tones but did not observe differences in temperature across skin tones. Given high variability in results, it is premature to conclude thermal imaging works equally well across all skin tones. Further research is necessary to validate the effectiveness of thermal imaging in diverse populations. Results suggest visual erythema may be a problematic indicator as less erythema was consistently noted in participants with dark skin tones. The potential of technology to increase our ability to detect erythema warrants further investigation. • Cupping induced an initial decrease in temperature followed by an increase. • After cupping, erythema increased immediately and then began to dissipate. • Body location influenced timing of temperature and erythema changes post-cupping. • Weak correlation observed between temperature and erythema changes after cupping. • Post-cupping erythema changes varied by skin tone; temperature changes did not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In agriculture, computer vision and image processing are essential for monitoring crops and controlling robots and actuators. In this work, the detection of ripe tomato fruit was the main aim. During the tomato-ripping process, the green tomato turns to red in several color stages (Ambrus et al., 2024). While the chlorophyll concentration decreases, the lycopene concentration increases. The sugar and the acid increase parallel to lycopene. The RGB camera can capture the process but needs to convert HSV color space to identify the tomato. The successful identification depends on the direct illumination volume. The experiment contains 4 ripe tomatoes and 15 different artificial illumination levels. The measurements show that the results are similar to or constantly above 3,000 lx illumination. However, under 3,000 lx, the detected size of tomatoes looks smaller and smaller depending on the weakness of illumination. Around 1,600 lx, it is possible to measure only half of the real size of the tomato. It shows that using the right amount of light is crucial to precise measurement in HSV color space. This research highlights the critical importance of proper illumination in ensuring accurate image analysis for tasks like industrial tomato segmentation. It emphasizes the need for adaptable lighting solutions, particularly in varying weather conditions, and the balance between adequate light and energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been developed as a colorimetric sensor to detect SARS-CoV-2 with surface modification using N-ethyl-N'-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) and angiotensinconverting enzyme II (ACE-2). The gold sources used in the synthesis are produced by PT Aneka Tambang Indonesia (ANTAM) and commercial gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This study compares the sensitivity values of ANTAM gold sources and commercial AuNPs in detecting SARS-CoV-2. The AuNPs-ANTAM detection test against the SARS-CoV-2 resulted in LoD and LoQ values of 5.38 ng/mL and 17.92 ng/mL, in the linearity curve range of 10 - 50 ng/mL, respectively. LoD and LoQ values of commercial AuNPs for detecting SARS-CoV-2, respectively, are 6.69 ng/mL and 22.31 ng/mL in the linearity curve range of 10 - 50 ng/mL. Based on the LoD and LoQ values, AuNPs-ANTAM is more sensitive than commercial AuNPs in detecting SARS-CoV-2 over the same range of linearity curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research introduced a microfluidic kit for rapid and economic detection of melamine (MLM) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in milk samples. The kit allows for simultaneous identification of MLM and NaOCl by reacting with cyanuric acid-modified Au nanoparticles (Au@Ca) and N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, respectively. The resulting color changes are used as the analytical signal for detection. All of the effective operational parameters were optimized by a one-factor-at-a-time approach. Under the optimum conditions (pH 6.5, path length = 50 mm, flow rate = 0.1 ml/min) a linear relationship between the concentrations of MLM and NaOCl and the blue component of the analyzed RGB pixels of the images captured with a smartphone camera was observed. The linear ranges for MLM and NaOCl were obtained in the concentration ranges of 0.1–1 and 0.1–4.5 µM, respectively, with 0.040 µM and 0.078 µM detection limits, consecutively. The results indicate that the proposed microfluidic kit provides strong selectivity and high reproducibility for detecting MLM and NaOCl in milk samples. To validate the performance of the method, the microfluidic kit was employed for analyzing five different milk samples, yielding recovery values between 94.0% and 105.0% and relative standard deviation values lower than 4.12% indicating the proposed system has admissible accuracy for both analytes. Besides, the results were compared to those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography, as a standard reference method, and a good agreement between the two approaches was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osmotic drying is commonly utilized to create innovative products, as it can improve the sensory and nutritional qualities of the final products. The present study aims to investigate the effect of different osmotic solutions, including soaking in 1% citric acid, 10% NaCl, and a combination of 1% citric acid and 10% NaCl, as well as different doses of gamma irradiation (1 and 3 kGy), on the quality properties of dehydrated vegetable slices. The chemical composition, mineral content, Color measurement, texture profile, vitamin C levels, and sensory attributes were evaluated for dried vegetable slices. The findings showed that treating vegetable slices with a combination of 1% citric acid and 10% NaCl increased ash (3.43–4.34%), hardness, and total phenolic content (38.37–117.04 mg GAE/100 g). It was the most preferred by the panelists in sensory evaluation scores in comparison to the other treatments. Moreover, there were no significant differences in terms of chemical composition, mineral content, and texture profile analysis between irradiation doses of 1 and 3 kGy. Furthermore, samples irradiated at 1 kGy had significantly higher scores in sensory evaluation compared to both irradiated and unirradiated samples. The current study recommends treating vegetable slices with a combination of 1% citric acid and 10% NaCl before drying to enhance most of the quality attributes of the dried vegetable slices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review evaluated accuracy of ureteric jet angles on color Doppler sonography in diagnosing vesico‐ureteric reflux (VUR) in children, using voiding cystourethrogram as the reference standard. Six databases were searched, yielding 13 eligible studies of an initial 429, 7 with comparable data. Risk of bias and applicability were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2) tool. Most studies demonstrated a correlation between increasing jet angle and VUR severity, but reporting and techniques varied, preventing meta‐analysis. Ureteric jet angle sonography may have potential as a VUR triaging tool. Further investigations with rigorous methodology are required. Funding support was obtained from Queensland University of Technology. PROSPERO Registration CRD42020159799. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Road markings (RMs) typically consist of a paint layer and a retroreflective layer. They play a crucial role in road safety by offering visibility and guidance to drivers. Over their lifetime, dirt particles, oils, and greases are adsorbed on the RM surface, reducing their visibility and service life. A self-cleaning ability has been widely studied in several substrates. However, for RMs, this represents a breakthrough and a sustainable advance, while having the potential to increase their service life and enhance road safety. In this context, nanotechnology can be a strong ally through the application of semiconductor materials, such as TiO2, to develop the self-cleaning ability. In addition to this novelty in RMs, quantifying this ability in terms of pollutant removal efficiency is also a challenge. In this sense, artificial intelligence (AI) and colorimetry can be combined to achieve improved results. The aims of the work herein reported were to assess the self-cleaning capability in an RM paint through the mass incorporation of semiconductors, evaluate their photocatalytic efficiency using traditional (spectrophotometric) and modern (AI-enhanced) colorimetry techniques, and compare the results obtained using both techniques. To this end, a water-based acrylic RM paint was modified through the mass incorporation of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of nano-TiO2, and a pollutant model widely used, Rhodamine B, was applied onto their surface. The samples were irradiated with a light source that simulates sunlight for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Visual analysis and spectrophotometric and artificial intelligence-enhanced colorimetry techniques were used and compared to evaluate the pollutant removal. The results confirm that RM paints with 2% and 3% nano-TiO2 incorporated have a significantly higher pollutant removal ability and that both colorimetric techniques used are suitable for this assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]