920 results on '"Cognitive ageing"'
Search Results
102. Two Cheers for the Cognitive Irregulars: Intelligence’s Contributions to Ageing Well and Staying Alive
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Ian J. Deary
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intelligence ,mental tests ,cognitive ageing ,cognitive epidemiology ,mortality ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Here, intelligence is taken to mean scores from psychometric tests of cognitive functions. This essay describes how cognitive tests offer assessments of brain functioning—an otherwise difficult-to-assess organ—that have proved enduringly useful in the field of health and medicine. The two “consequential world problems” (the phrase used by the inviters of this essay) addressed in this article are (i) the ageing of modern societies (and the resulting increase in the numbers of people with ageing-related cognitive decrements and dementias) and (ii) health inequalities, including mortality. Cognitive tests have an ubiquitous place in both of these topics, i.e., the important fields of cognitive ageing and cognitive epidemiology, respectively. The cognitive tests that have sprouted in these fields are often brief and not mainstream, large psychometric test batteries; I refer to them as ‘irregulars’. These two problems are not separate, because results found with mental/cognitive/intelligence tests have produced a growing understanding that intelligence and health have a reciprocal, life-long relationship. Intelligence tests contribute to the applied research that is trying to help people to stay sharp, stay healthy, and stay alive.
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- 2021
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103. The performance of older eyewitnesses on photographic identification lineups
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Rose, Rachel Anne
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155 ,Cognitive ageing - Published
- 2002
104. Commentary: Working Memory Load Affects Processing Time in Spoken Word Recognition: Evidence From Eye-Movements.
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Baharav, Shai, Nitsan, Gal, and Ben-David, Boaz M.
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SHORT-term memory ,WORD recognition ,COGNITIVE aging ,COGNITIVE neuroscience ,OLDER people ,STATISTICAL reliability ,NOISE-induced deafness - Published
- 2021
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105. The effect of age on visuo-spatial short-term memory in family dogs
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Patrizia Piotti, Dóra Szabó, Lisa Wallis, Zsófia Bognár, Bianka Stiegmann, Anna Egerer, Pauline Marty, and Enikő Kubinyi
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dog ,cognitive ageing ,visuo-spatial memory ,pet behaviour science journal ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,QP351-495 - Abstract
Decline in the visuo-spatial memory domain may be an early marker for cognitive decline and has a relevant impact on animal welfare. Current research on visuo-spatial memory in family dogs is often limited by factors such as the need of extensive pre-training, limited attention to co-occurring medical conditions, a focus on laboratory dogs, or low sample size. Therefore, we aimed to develop a test that relies on visuo-spatial short-term memory, may be performed in a short time, and does not require explicit training. We tested a large sample of young and old dogs, finding that young dogs were more likely to perform correctly, although performance decreased with consecutive trials in both age groups. However, groups did not vary in the severity of mistakes. This task represents the first measure of dogs’ age-related decline of short-term spatial memory that does not require explicit training. The test could potentially be used in veterinary behaviour contexts to monitor cognitive changes in ageing dogs, utilizing a simple binary measure of success.
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- 2017
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106. Before you eat, wash your trousers, your water, and kidneys: a study exploring the role of target likeliness and semantic relationships in younger and older adults’ word production
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De Bruin, Angela, Hanif, Naveen, and Jefferies, Beth
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FOS: Psychology ,cognitive ageing ,Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics ,FOS: Languages and literature ,Psychology ,Linguistics ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,language production - Abstract
This study explores the effects of ‘likeliness’ and ‘semantic relatedness to the preceding context’ on interference in spoken language production (in healthy younger and older adults). Within spoken language contexts, younger and older adults have been shown to leverage preceding semantic information, to predict likely upcoming responses (Hanif et al., in preparation). However, what remains an open question is how word production is affected when there is a mismatch between the context and response. For example, speakers may typically expect to say ‘hands’ following the sentence “before lunch he washed his…” although based on the context, they may be required to say something different such as ‘trousers’. Under these circumstances it is postulated that speakers would need to suppress their context-based and semantic expectations in favour of retrieving the required word. In Hanif et al. (in prep) we did not find that younger or older adults’ word production times were significantly delayed by preceding mismatching questions (where a picture naming target was an unlikely but possible response to the question). However, this may be because the questions and targets were not mismatched enough to elicit interference. For example, language comprehension research suggests that interference effects may be more likely to emerge when processing semantically impossible constructions (e.g., “because the ceiling light is on, the room is dark” ;Yoon et al, 2015). Thus our first research question is: “Does the likelihood of a word’s occurrence within a context affect its production?” Are words that are impossible within a context slower to be retrieved than words that are unlikely but still possible? Furthermore, are interference effects exacerbated in older adults due to their poorer efficiency in managing competing representations during language production? The current study will also address the role of the relationship between words in the sentence and the (unexpected) target word. Semantic relationships between words can influence target production through priming of related words and/or due to listeners predicting upcoming words. For example, consider the following sentence followed by a (semantically) related and an unrelated ending: “before lunch he washed his water/kidneys.” While ‘water’ is semantically related to the context (“washing”), ‘kidneys’ is not. Older and younger adults have been argued to differ in the way their processing is influenced by semantic relationships between words in a sentence context when forming predictions about upcoming target words (e.g., Broderick et al., 2021). Our second research question is thus: ‘How does the existence of a strong semantic relationship between an (impossible) target ending and the preceding sentence context influence interference effects?’
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- 2023
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107. Practice makes perfect, but to what end? Computerised brain training has limited cognitive benefits in healthy ageing
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Catling, Jon, Sutton, Emma, Segaert, Katrien, and Van Zanten, Jet Veldhuijzen
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cognitive ageing ,brain training ,older adults - Abstract
This project assessed the efficacy of Peak, an adaptive brain training programme, on cognitive abilities in older adults
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- 2023
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108. Obesity, Cognitive Ageing, and Dementia: The Usefulness of Longitudinal Studies to Understand the Obesity Paradox
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Dahl Aslan, Anna, Powell, Jason L., Series editor, Chen, Sheying, Series editor, Leist, Anja K., editor, Kulmala, Jenni, editor, and Nyqvist, Fredrica, editor
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- 2014
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109. Divergent effects of healthy ageing on semantic knowledge and control: Evidence from novel comparisons with semantically impaired patients.
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Hoffman, Paul
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OLDER people , *COMPREHENSION testing , *PSYCHOLINGUISTICS , *YOUTH , *LEXICAL access , *DEMENTIA patients - Abstract
Effective use of semantic knowledge requires a set of conceptual representations and control processes which ensure that currently relevant aspects of this knowledge are retrieved and selected. It is well‐established that levels of semantic knowledge increase across the lifespan. However, the effects of ageing on semantic control processes have not been assessed. I addressed this issue by comparing the performance profiles of young and older people on a verbal comprehension test. Two sets of variables were used to predict accuracy and RT in each group: (1) the psycholinguistic properties of words probed in each trial and (2) the performance on each trial by two groups of semantically impaired neuropsychological patients. Young people demonstrated poor performance for low‐frequency and abstract words, suggesting that they had difficulty processing words with intrinsically weak semantic representations. Indeed, performance in this group was strongly predicted by the performance of patients with semantic dementia, who suffer from degradation of semantic knowledge. In contrast, older adults performed poorly on trials where the target semantic relationship was weak and distractor relationships strong – conditions which require high levels of controlled processing. Their performance was not predicted by the performance of semantic dementia patients, but was predicted by the performance of patients with semantic control deficits. These findings indicate that the effects of ageing on semantic cognition are more complex than has previously been assumed. While older people have larger stores of knowledge than young people, they appear to be less skilled at exercising control over the activation of this knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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110. Longitudinal associations between hearing loss and general cognitive ability: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.
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Okely, Judith A., Akeroyd, Michael A., Allerhand, Michael, Starr, John M., and Deary, Ian J.
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Hearing impairment is associated with poorer cognitive function in later life. We tested for the potential contribution of childhood cognitive ability to this relationship. Childhood cognitive ability is strongly related to cognitive function in older age, and may be related to auditory function through its association with hearing impairment risk factors. Using data from the Lothian Birth Cohort, 1936, we tested whether childhood cognitive ability predicted later-life hearing ability then whether this association was mediated by demographic or health differences. We found that childhood cognitive ability was negatively associated with hearing impairment risk at age 76 (odds ratio = .834, p = .042). However, this association was nonsignificant after subsequent adjustment for potentially mediating demographic and health factors. Next, we tested whether associations observed in older age between hearing impairment and general cognitive ability level or change were accounted for by childhood cognitive ability. At age 76, in the minimally adjusted model, hearing impairment was associated with poorer general cognitive ability level (β = -.119, p = .030) but was not related to decline in general cognitive ability. The former association became nonsignificant after additional adjustment for childhood cognitive ability (β = -.068, p = .426) suggesting that childhood cognitive ability contributes (potentially via demographic and health differences) to the association between levels of hearing and cognitive function in older age. Further work is needed to test whether early life cognitive ability also contributes to the association (documented in previous studies) between older-age hearing impairment and cognitive decline. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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111. Contextual cueing in older adults: Slow initial learning but flexible use of distractor configurations.
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Preuschhof, Claudia, Sharifian, Fariba, Rosenblum, Lisa, Pohl, Tanja Maria, and Pollmann, Stefan
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OLDER people , *VISUAL perception , *CONTEXTUAL learning - Abstract
Learned spatial regularities can efficiently guide visual search. This effect has been extensively studied using the contextual cueing paradigm. We investigated age-related changes in the initial learning of contextual configurations and the relearning after target relocation. Younger and older participants completed a contextual cueing experiment on two days. On day one, they were tested with a standard contextual cueing task. On day two, for the repeated displays the location of the targets was moved while keeping the distractor configurations unchanged. Older participants developed a reliable contextual cueing effect but the emergence of this effect required more repetitions compared to younger individuals. Contextual cueing was apparent quickly after target relocation in younger and older participants. Especially in older adults, the fast updating might be due to learned distractor-distractor associations rather than the updating of target-distractor configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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112. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of real-world interventions for cognitive ageing in healthy older adults.
- Author
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Vaportzis, Eleftheria, Niechcial, Malwina A., and Gow, Alan J.
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COGNITION in old age , *PHYSICAL activity , *COGNITIVE training , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *SYSTEMATIC reviews - Abstract
Highlights • Community-based activities may act as 'real-world' interventions for cognitive ageing. • Our review included 43 studies with real-world activities as potential interventions. • Analyses revealed cognitive benefits primarily from physical activity interventions. • Cognitive activity interventions were less effective in improving cognitive function. Abstract Activities running in community-based-settings offer a method of delivering multimodal interventions to older adults beyond cognitive training programmes. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the impact of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of 'real-world' interventions on the cognitive abilities of healthy older adults. Database searches were performed between October 2016 and September 2018. Forty-three RCTs were eligible for inclusion with 2826 intervention participants and 2234 controls. Interventions to enhance cognitive ability consisted of participation in activities that were physical (25 studies), cognitive (9 studies), or mixed (i.e., physical and cognitive; 7 studies), and two studies used other interventions that included older adults assisting schoolchildren and engagement via social network sites. Meta-analysis revealed that Trail Making Test (TMT) A, p = 0.05, M = 0.43, 95% CI [-0.00, 0.86], digit symbol substitution, p = 0.05, M = 0.30, 95% CI [0.00, 0.59], and verbal fluency, p = 0.04, M = 0.31, 95% CI [0.02, 0.61], improved after specific types of interventions versus the control groups (which were either active, wait-list or passive controls). When comparing physical activity interventions against all control groups, TMT A, p = 0.04, M = 0.25, 95% CI [0.01, 0.48], and digit span forward, p = 0.05, M = 0.91, 95% CI [-0.00, 1.82], significantly improved. Results remained non-significant for all outcomes when comparing cognitive activity interventions against all control groups. Results therefore suggest that healthy older adults are more likely to see cognitive improvements when involved in physical activity interventions. In addition, TMT A was the only measure that consistently showed significant improvements following physical activity interventions. Visuospatial abilities (as measured by TMT A) may be more susceptible to improvement following physical activity-based interventions, and TMT A may be a useful tool for detecting differences in that domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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113. Age-related differences in multimodal recipient design: younger, but not older adults, adapt speech and co-speech gestures to common ground.
- Author
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Schubotz, Louise, Özyürek, Aslı, and Holler, Judith
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ADAPTABILITY (Personality) , *AGE distribution , *COGNITION , *BODY language , *SPEECH , *STORYTELLING , *VERBAL behavior , *VOCABULARY , *NARRATIVES - Abstract
Speakers can adapt their speech and co-speech gestures based on knowledge shared with an addressee (common ground-based recipient design). Here, we investigate whether these adaptations are modulated by the speaker's age and cognitive abilities. Younger and older participants narrated six short comic stories to a same-aged addressee. Half of each story was known to both participants, the other half only to the speaker. The two age groups did not differ in terms of the number of words and narrative events mentioned per narration, or in terms of gesture frequency, gesture rate, or percentage of events expressed multimodally. However, only the younger participants reduced the amount of verbal and gestural information when narrating mutually known as opposed to novel story content. Age-related differences in cognitive abilities did not predict these differences in common ground-based recipient design. The older participants' communicative behaviour may therefore also reflect differences in social or pragmatic goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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114. Green space and cognitive ageing: A retrospective life course analysis in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.
- Author
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Cherrie, Mark P.C., Shortt, Niamh K., Mitchell, Richard J., Taylor, Adele M., Redmond, Paul, Thompson, Catharine Ward, Starr, John M., Deary, Ian J., and Pearce, Jamie R.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects of aging , *ALLELES , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *LONGITUDINAL method , *REGRESSION analysis , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *RETROSPECTIVE studies - Abstract
International evidence suggests that green space has beneficial effects on general and mental health but little is known about how lifetime exposure to green space influences cognitive ageing. Employing a novel longitudinal life course approach, we examined the association between lifetime availability of public parks and cognitive ageing. Lifetime residential information was gathered from the participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 using a “life-grid” questionnaire at age 78 years. Parks information from 1949, 1969 and 2009 was used to determine a percentage of parks within a 1500 m buffer zone surrounding residence for childhood, adulthood, and later adulthood periods. Linear regressions were undertaken to test for association with age-standardised, residualised change in cognitive function (Moray House Test score) from age 11 to 70 years, and from age 70 to 76 (n = 281). The most appropriate model was selected using the results of a partial F-test, and then stratified by demographic, genetic and socioeconomic factors. The local provision of park space in childhood and adulthood were both important in explaining the change in cognitive function in later life. The association between childhood and adulthood park availability and change in the Moray House Test Score from age 70 to 76 was strongest for women, those without an APOE e4 allele (a genetic risk factor), and those in the lowest socioeconomic groups. Greater neighbourhood provision of public parks from childhood through to adulthood may help to slow down the rate of cognitive decline in later life, recognising that such environmental associations are always sensitive to individual characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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115. Verbal ability in postmenopausal women in relation to age, cognitive and reproductive factors.
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Maitreyee, Ramya, Varley, Rosemary, and Cowell, Patricia E.
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MENARCHE , *POSTMENOPAUSE , *VERBAL ability , *LEXICAL access , *REPRODUCTIVE history , *TASK performance - Abstract
Word-finding difficulties have been associated with age and, in women, lowered sex hormone levels following menopause. However, there is limited understanding of the ways that specific aspects of word-finding are shaped by women's age, reproductive histories, and background factors such as education. The current study investigated the effects of age, cognitive and reproductive factors on word-finding abilities in 53 healthy postmenopausal women aged 48–79. A questionnaire was used to gather demographic information and reproductive history. A battery of verbal fluency, continuous series, and naming tasks was designed to assess word-finding across different sensory modalities and cognitive demands. Category and letter fluency were quantified as total number of correct words produced on each task. For continuous series, switch rates and switch costs were computed. For the naming tasks, accuracy and latency measures were used. There were three key findings. Firstly, there was a consistent positive association between education and all word-finding measures, i.e., verbal fluency, continuous series, and naming. Secondly, age-related declines were seen on tasks heavily dependent on working memory such as the continuous series task. Thirdly, reproductive factors across the lifespan such as age at menarche and reproductive years showed subtle effects on naming abilities, but not on verbal fluency or continuous series. The results highlight that word-finding abilities in healthy postmenopausal women are shaped by factors associated with their early years (education, age at menarche) and later adult life (age, reproductive years). The study also distinguished between the more global effects of education, and the more task-specific associations with age and reproductive variables, on verbal task performance after menopause. • A battery of verbal fluency and naming tasks was developed to study word-finding in healthy postmenopausal women. • More years of education were associated with better letter-based verbal fluency and naming accuracy. • Advancing age was linked to lower verbal fluency in a serial switching task with similar trends for a category-based task. • Age at menarche and number of reproductive years tended to be associated with naming latency and accuracy. • Word-finding in postmenopausal women was task-specific and shaped by influences from early life and later adult life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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116. The multifactorial nature of healthy brain ageing: Brain changes, functional decline and protective factors.
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Turrini, Sonia, Wong, Bonnie, Eldaief, Mark, Press, Daniel Z., Sinclair, David A., Koch, Giacomo, Avenanti, Alessio, and Santarnecchi, Emiliano
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ALZHEIMER'S patients , *OLDER people - Abstract
As the global population faces a progressive shift towards a higher median age, understanding the mechanisms underlying healthy brain ageing has become of paramount importance for the preservation of cognitive abilities. The first part of the present review aims to provide a comprehensive look at the anatomical changes the healthy brain endures with advanced age, while also summarizing up to date findings on modifiable risk factors to support a healthy ageing process. Subsequently, we describe the typical cognitive profile displayed by healthy older adults, conceptualizing the well-established age-related decline as an impairment of four main cognitive factors and relating them to their neural substrate previously described; different cognitive trajectories displayed by typical Alzheimer's Disease patients and successful agers with a high cognitive reserve are discussed. Finally, potential effective interventions and protective strategies to promote cognitive reserve and defer cognitive decline are reviewed and proposed. • Healthy ageing entails brain changes, at the micro-, meso- and macro-scale level. • The typical elderly cognitive profile is summarized as a four-factor decline process. • Each factor is discussed with respect to its neural substrate. • A high cognitive reserve leads to milder cognitive deterioration across all domains. • Modifiable risk factors and active interventions to delay this decline are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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117. Changes in resting-state measures of prostate cancer patients exposed to androgen deprivation therapy
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Silvia Acosta-López, Cristián Modroño, David López-Curtis, Yaiza Pérez-Martín, Ana Plata-Bello, Tomás Concepción-Massip, and Julio Plata-Bello
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rest ,Science ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Lateral geniculate nucleus ,Article ,Androgen deprivation therapy ,Prostate cancer ,Region of interest ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Brain Mapping ,Multidisciplinary ,Resting state fMRI ,Cognitive ageing ,business.industry ,Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations ,Neuropsychology ,Brain ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Androgen Antagonists ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Androgen receptor ,nervous system ,Case-Control Studies ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
The aim of the present work is to describe the differences in rs-fMRI measures (Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations [ALFF], Regional Homogeneity [ReHo] and Functional Connectivity [FC]) between patients exposed to Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and a control group. Forty-nine ADT patients and fifteen PC-non-ADT patients (Controls) were included in the study. A neuropsychological evaluation and a resting-state fMRI was performed to evaluate differences in ALFF and ReHo. Region of interest (ROI) analysis was also performed. ROIs were selected among those whose androgen receptor expression (at RNA-level) was the highest. FC analysis was performed using the same ROIs. Higher ALFF in frontal regions and temporal regions was identified in Controls than in ADT patients. In the ROI analysis, higher activity for Controls than ADT patients was shown in the left inferior frontal gyrus and in the left precentral gyrus. Lower ALFF in the right hippocampus and the lateral geniculate nucleus of the right thalamus was identified for Controls than ADT patients. Higher ReHo was observed in Controls in the left parietal-occipital area. Finally, ADT patients presented an increase of FC in more regions than Controls. These differences may reflect an impairment in brain functioning in ADT users.
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- 2021
118. Predictors of longitudinal cognitive ageing from age 70 to 82 including APOE e4 status, early-life and lifestyle factors:The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
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Janie Corley, Federica Conte, Sarah E. Harris, Adele M. Taylor, Paul Redmond, Tom C. Russ, Ian J. Deary, Simon R. Cox, Corley, J, Conte, F, Harris, S, Taylor, A, Redmond, P, Russ, T, Deary, I, and Cox, S
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Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,APOE e-4 ,Cognitive Ageing ,Longitudinal Cohort Study ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Discovering why some people’s cognitive abilities decline more than others is a key challenge for cognitive ageing research. The most effective strategy may be to address multiple risk factors from across the life-course simultaneously in relation to robust longitudinal cognitive data. We conducted a 12-year follow-up of 1091 (at age 70) men and women from the longitudinal Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. Comprehensive repeated cognitive measures of visuospatial ability, processing speed, memory, verbal ability, and a general cognitive factor were collected over five assessments (age 70, 73, 76, 79, and 82 years) and analysed using multivariate latent growth curve modelling. Fifteen life-course variables were used to predict variation in cognitive ability levels at age 70 and cognitive slopes from age 70 to 82. Only APOE e4 carrier status was found to be reliably informative of general- and domain-specific cognitive decline, despite there being many life-course correlates of cognitive level at age 70. APOE e4 carriers had significantly steeper slopes across all three fluid cognitive domains compared with non-carriers, especially for memory (β = −0.234, p β = −0.246, p APOE e4 status. We conclude that APOE e4 status is important for identifying those at greater risk for accelerated cognitive ageing, even among ostensibly healthy individuals.
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- 2022
119. How Does Ageing Affect Memory Under Different Cognitive Load?
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Zhang, Ruochong and Madan, Christopher
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FOS: Psychology ,Memory ,Older adults ,Cognitive Psychology ,Psychology ,Recall ,Experimental Analysis of Behavior ,Cognitive Ageing ,Social and Behavioral Sciences - Abstract
In this project, we will explore how different levels of cognitive load, varied through the available time of information processing, affect memory in older adults.
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- 2022
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120. The ageing mind
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Stroud, Dick, Walker, Kim, Stroud, Dick, and Walker, Kim
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- 2013
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121. Swedish Normative Data for Mindmore : A Comprehensive Cognitive Screening Battery, Both Digital and Self-Administrated
- Abstract
Objective: Cognitive impairment is a key element in most mental disorders. Its objective assessment at initial patient contact in primary care can lead to better adjusted and timely care with personalised treatment and recovery. To enable this, we designed the Mindmore self-administrative cognitive screening battery. What is presented here is normative data for the Mindmore battery for the Swedish population. Method: A total of 720 healthy adults (17 to 93 years) completed the Mindmore screening battery, which consists of 14 individual tests across five cognitive domains: attention and processing speed, memory, language, visuospatial functions and executive functions. Regression-based normative data were established for 42 test result measures, investigating linear, non-linear and interaction effects between age, education and sex. Results: The test results were most affected by age and to a lesser extent by education and sex. All but one test displayed either linear or accelerated age-related decline, or a U-shaped association with age. All but two tests showed beneficial effects of education, either linear or subsiding after 12 years of educational attainment. Sex affected tests in the memory and executive domains. In three tests, an interaction between age and education revealed an increased benefit of education later in life. Conclusion: This study provides normative models for 14 traditional cognitive tests adapted for self-administration through a digital platform. The models will enable more accurate interpretation of test results, hopefully leading to improved clinical decision making and better care for patients with cognitive impairment.
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- 2022
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122. Evidence that ageing yields improvements as well as declines across attention and executive functions
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João Veríssimo, Michael T. Ullman, Noreen Goldman, Maxine Weinstein, and Paul Verhaeghen
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Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Aging ,Social Psychology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Executive functions ,Large sample ,Executive Function ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Ageing ,Orientation ,Humans ,Attention ,Female ,Cognitive ageing ,Psychology ,Sensitivity analyses ,Aged ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Many but not all cognitive abilities decline during ageing. Some even improve due to lifelong experience. The critical capacities of attention and executive functions have been widely posited to decline. However, these capacities are composed of multiple components, so multifaceted ageing outcomes might be expected. Indeed, prior findings suggest that whereas certain attention/executive functions clearly decline, others do not, with hints that some might even improve. We tested ageing effects on the alerting, orienting and executive (inhibitory) networks posited by Posner and Petersen’s influential theory of attention, in a cross-sectional study of a large sample (N = 702) of participants aged 58–98. Linear and nonlinear analyses revealed that whereas the efficiency of the alerting network decreased with age, orienting and executive inhibitory efficiency increased, at least until the mid-to-late 70s. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the patterns were robust. The results suggest variability in age-related changes across attention/executive functions, with some declining while others improve. Contradicting the hypothesis that attention and executive functions broadly decline with age, Verissimo et al. show that efficiency of attentional orienting and executive inhibition increased into the 70s, while attentional alerting declined.
- Published
- 2021
123. A single mode of population covariation associates brain networks structure and behavior and predicts individual subjects’ age
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Brent McPherson and Franco Pestilli
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Adult ,Aging ,Multivariate statistics ,QH301-705.5 ,Population ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Brain Structure and Function ,Learning algorithms ,Predictive markers ,Human behavior ,Representational similarity analysis ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Young Adult ,Humans ,Attention ,Young adult ,Biology (General) ,Association (psychology) ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Behavior ,Brain Mapping ,education.field_of_study ,Cognitive ageing ,Brain ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Multiple human behaviors improve early in life, peaking in young adulthood, and declining thereafter. Several properties of brain structure and function progress similarly across the lifespan. Cognitive and neuroscience research has approached aging primarily using associations between a few behaviors, brain functions, and structures. Because of this, the multivariate, global factors relating brain and behavior across the lifespan are not well understood. We investigated the global patterns of associations between 334 behavioral and clinical measures and 376 brain structural connections in 594 individuals across the lifespan. A single-axis associated changes in multiple behavioral domains and brain structural connections (r = 0.5808). Individual variability within the single association axis well predicted the age of the subject (r = 0.6275). Representational similarity analysis evidenced global patterns of interactions across multiple brain network systems and behavioral domains. Results show that global processes of human aging can be well captured by a multivariate data fusion approach., Brent McPherson and Franco Pestilli build on a large-scale data set from the Cambridge Centre for Aging Neuroscience to examine multivariate relationships between structural brain networks, behavior, and aging in healthy patients aged 18-88 years. They find that the age of individual subjects is predicted by the association between structural connectivity and behavioral measures. They provide a reproducible data processing pipeline at brainlife.io that can be applied to other datasets.
- Published
- 2021
124. Age affects pigeons’ (Columba livia) memory capacity but not representation of serial order during a locomotor sequential-learning task
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Parisa Sepehri, Christina Meier, and Debbie M. Kelly
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Male ,Aging ,Reinforcement Schedule ,Science ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,050105 experimental psychology ,Learning and memory ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Age groups ,Memory ,Psychology ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Columbidae ,Memory test ,Reinforcement ,Multidisciplinary ,Cognitive ageing ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,Animal behaviour ,Test (assessment) ,Medicine ,Female ,Sequence learning ,Locomotion ,Psychomotor Performance ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Aging affects individuals of every species, with sometimes detrimental effects on memory and cognition. The simultaneous-chaining task, a sequential-learning task, requires subjects to select items in a predetermined sequence, putting demands on memory and cognitive processing capacity. It is thus a useful tool to investigate age-related differences in these domains. Pigeons of three age groups (young, adult and aged) completed a locomotor adaptation of the task, learning a list of four items. Training began by presenting only the first item; additional items were added, one at a time, once previous items were reliably selected in their correct order. Although memory capacity declined noticeably with age, not all aged pigeons showed impairments compared to younger pigeons, suggesting that inter-individual variability emerged with age. During a subsequent free-recall memory test in the absence of reinforcement, when all trained items were presented alongside novel distractor items, most pigeons did not reproduce the trained sequence. During a further forced-choice test, when pigeons were given a choice between only two of the trained items, all three age groups showed evidence of an understanding of the ordinal relationship between items by choosing the earlier item, indicating that complex cognitive processing, unlike memory capacity, remained unaffected by age.
- Published
- 2021
125. Socio-emotional and motor engagement during musical activities in older adults with major neurocognitive impairment
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Hobeika, Lise, Ghilain, Matthieu, Schiaratura, Loris, Lesaffre, Micheline, Huvent-Grelle, Dominique, Puisieux, François, Samson, Séverine, Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072 (PSITEC), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), CHU Lille, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Émotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072, Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072 [PSITEC], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [UGENT], CIC CHU ( Lille)/inserm, METRICS : Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694, and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
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LIVE ,Male ,Science ,Emotions ,Article ,neurodegenerative disease ,Cognitive ageing ,Dementia ,Emotion ,Human behaviour ,Social behaviour ,Social neuroscience ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Humans ,music ,Music Therapy ,cognitive impairment ,rhythmic movements ,[SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior ,DEMENTIA ,[SDV.MHEP.GEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology ,RECOGNITION ,[SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,SENSORIMOTOR SYNCHRONIZATION ,humanities ,ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE ,SOCIAL COGNITION ,Auditory Perception ,Medicine ,Female - Abstract
International audience; Although music therapy may engender clinical benefits in patients with neurodegenerative disease, the impacts of social and musical factors of such activities on socio-emotional and motor engagements are poorly understood. To address this issue, non-verbal behaviors of 97 patients with or without major cognitive impairment (CI) were assessed when listening to music or a metronome in front of a musician who was present physically (live) or virtually (video). Socio-emotional engagement was quantified as emotional facial expression production and gaze direction. Motor engagement was quantified as overall body motion and the production of rhythmic movements. In both groups, positive facial expressions were more frequent and rhythmic motor activities lasted longer with music than with a metronome, and during a live performance rather than a video performance. Relative to patients without CI, patients with CI moved less with music, expressed fewer emotions, and spent less time looking at the musician in the video condition and in the metronome condition. The relative reductions in motor and socio-emotional engagements in patients with CI might be markers of disease progression. However, the presence of a live partner induces older adults to engage emotionally and physically in musical activities emphasizing the relevance of using live performance as motivational levers during music therapy.
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- 2021
126. The association between carotid blood flow and resting-state brain activity in patients with cerebrovascular diseases
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Takahiro Matsumoto, Carlos Gómez, Hideyuki Hoshi, Tomoyuki Gonda, Keisuke Fukasawa, Sayuri Ichikawa, Jesús Poza, Yoshihito Shigihara, Víctor Rodríguez-González, and Yoko Hirata
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cerebrovascular disorders ,Brain activity and meditation ,Science ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,Association (psychology) ,Neurovascular disorders ,Multidisciplinary ,Resting state fMRI ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cognitive ageing ,business.industry ,Cognitive neuroscience ,Cognition ,Blood flow ,Magnetoencephalography ,Neural ageing ,Functional Independence Measure ,Cardiovascular biology ,Stroke ,Ageing ,Circulation ,030104 developmental biology ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular system ,Dementia ,business ,Perfusion ,Neurological disorders ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion impairs brain activity and leads to cognitive impairment. Left and right common carotid arteries (CCA) are the major source of cerebral blood supply. It remains unclear whether blood flow in both CCA contributes equally to brain activity. Here, CCA blood flow was evaluated using ultrasonography in 23 patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Resting-state brain activity and cognitive status were also assessed using magnetoencephalography and a cognitive subscale of the Functional Independence Measure, respectively, to explore the relationships between blood flow, functional brain activity, and cognitive status. Our findings indicated that there was an association between blood flow and resting-state brain activity, and between resting-state brain activity and cognitive status. However, blood flow was not significantly associated with cognitive status directly. Furthermore, blood velocity in the right CCA correlated with resting-state brain activity, but not with the resistance index. In contrast, the resistance index in the left CCA correlated with resting-state brain activity, but not with blood velocity. Our findings suggest that hypoperfusion is important in the right CCA, whereas cerebral microcirculation is important in the left CCA for brain activity. Hence, this asymmetry should be considered when designing appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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- 2021
127. Verbal intelligence is a more robust cross-sectional measure of cognitive reserve than level of education in healthy older adults
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Daniel Carey, Robert Whelan, Silvin P. Knight, Yaakov Stern, Ian H. Robertson, C. De Looze, Siobhan Scarlett, Rose Anne Kenny, and Rory Boyle
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Longitudinal study ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Intelligence ,Cognitive reserve ,Cognitive decline ,Neuroimaging ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Neuropsychological Tests ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Verbal fluency test ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Proxy (statistics) ,RC346-429 ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cognitive ageing ,Research ,05 social sciences ,Middle Aged ,Verbal reasoning ,Moderation ,Structural MRI ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Neurology ,Educational Status ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Background Cognitive reserve is most commonly measured using socio-behavioural proxy variables. These variables are easy to collect, have a straightforward interpretation, and are widely associated with reduced risk of dementia and cognitive decline in epidemiological studies. However, the specific proxies vary across studies and have rarely been assessed in complete models of cognitive reserve (i.e. alongside both a measure of cognitive outcome and a measure of brain structure). Complete models can test independent associations between proxies and cognitive function in addition to the moderation effect of proxies on the brain-cognition relationship. Consequently, there is insufficient empirical evidence guiding the choice of proxy measures of cognitive reserve and poor comparability across studies. Method In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the validity of 5 common proxies (education, occupational complexity, verbal intelligence, leisure activities, and exercise) and all possible combinations of these proxies in 2 separate community-dwelling older adult cohorts: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA; N = 313, mean age = 68.9 years, range = 54–88) and the Cognitive Reserve/Reference Ability Neural Network Study (CR/RANN; N = 234, mean age = 64.49 years, range = 50–80). Fifteen models were created with 3 brain structure variables (grey matter volume, hippocampal volume, and mean cortical thickness) and 5 cognitive variables (verbal fluency, processing speed, executive function, episodic memory, and global cognition). Results No moderation effects were observed. There were robust positive associations with cognitive function, independent of brain structure, for 2 individual proxies (verbal intelligence and education) and 16 composites (i.e. combinations of proxies). Verbal intelligence was statistically significant in all models. Education was significant only in models with executive function as the cognitive outcome variable. Three robust composites were observed in more than two-thirds of brain-cognition models: the composites of (1) occupational complexity and verbal intelligence, (2) education and verbal intelligence, and (3) education, occupational complexity, and verbal intelligence. However, no composite had larger average effects nor was more robust than verbal intelligence alone. Conclusion These results support the use of verbal intelligence as a proxy measure of CR in cross-sectional studies of cognitively healthy older adults.
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- 2021
128. Predictors of fatigue from listening across the lifespan
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McGarrigle, Ronan, Hornsby, Benjamin, Knight, Sarah, and Mattys, Sven
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cognitive ageing ,Cognition and Perception ,listening-related fatigue ,Cognitive Psychology ,Life Sciences ,Communication Sciences and Disorders ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,humanities ,FOS: Psychology ,listening effort ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Speech and Hearing Science ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Study exploring the cognitive, perceptual, and personality predictors of fatigue from listening across the lifespan.
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- 2022
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129. Preregistration documents
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Crook, Zander, Booth, Tom, and Deary, Ian
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cognitive ageing ,longitudinal ,cognitive ability ,Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 ,intelligence ,allostatic load - Abstract
This component contains two preregistration documents for the linked study: a background document covering previous research in the area and a preregistration document for our study.
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- 2022
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130. How do allostatic load and cognitive ability relate over time in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936?
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Crook, Zander, Booth, Tom, and Deary, Ian
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cognitive ageing ,longitudinal ,cognitive ability ,Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 ,intelligence ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,allostatic load - Abstract
This study will investigate how allostatic load, or multisystem physiological dysregulation, and factors of cognitive ability (general cognitive ability, knowledge, non-verbal reasoning, processing speed, verbal memory) relate over time in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.
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- 2022
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131. Neighbourhood deprivation across eight decades and late-life cognitive function in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: A life-course study
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Baranyi G., Conte F., Deary I. J., Shortt N., Thompson C. W., Cox S. R., Pearce J., Baranyi, G, Conte, F, Deary, I, Shortt, N, Thompson, C, Cox, S, and Pearce, J
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cognitive ageing ,life course ,Adult ,Aging ,General Medicine ,structural equation modelling ,older people ,Young Adult ,Cognition ,Cognitive Aging ,Residence Characteristics ,social determinants of health ,Humans ,Birth Cohort ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,neighbourhood ,Aged - Abstract
Introduction although neighbourhood may predict late-life cognitive function, studies mostly rely on measurements at a single time point, with few investigations applying a life-course approach. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the associations between neighbourhood and cognitive test scores relate to specific cognitive domains or general ability. This study explored how neighbourhood deprivation across eight decades contributed to late-life cognitive function. Methods data were drawn from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 1,091) with cognitive function measured through 10 tests at ages 70, 73, 76, 79 and 82. Participants’ residential history was gathered with ‘lifegrid’ questionnaires and linked to neighbourhood deprivation in childhood, young adulthood and mid-to-late adulthood. Associations were tested with latent growth curve models for levels and slopes of general (g) and domain-specific abilities (visuospatial ability, memory and processing speed), and life-course associations were explored with path analysis. Results higher mid-to-late adulthood neighbourhood deprivation was associated with lower age 70 levels (β = −0.113, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: −0.205, −0.021) and faster decline of g over 12 years (β = −0.160, 95%CI: −0.290, −0.031). Initially apparent findings with domain-specific cognitive functions (e.g. processing speed) were due to their shared variance with g. Path analyses suggested that childhood neighbourhood disadvantage is indirectly linked to late-life cognitive function through lower education and selective residential mobility. Conclusions to our knowledge, we provide the most comprehensive assessment of the life-course neighbourhood deprivation and cognitive ageing relationship. Living in advantaged areas in mid-to-late adulthood may directly contribute to better cognitive function and slower decline, whereas an advantaged childhood neighbourhood likely affects functioning through cognitive reserves.
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- 2022
132. Similar mechanisms of temporary bindings for identity and location of objects in healthy ageing:An eye tracking study with naturalistic scenes
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Giorgia D’Innocenzo, Sergio Della Sala, and Moreno I. Coco
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Healthy Aging ,cognitive ageing ,Multidisciplinary ,Memory, Short-Term ,genetic structures ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,human behaviour ,Saccades ,sense organs ,object vision ,psychology ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Eye-Tracking Technology - Abstract
The ability to maintain visual working memory (VWM) associations about the identity and location of objects has at times been found to decrease with age. To date, however, this age-related difficulty was mostly observed in artificial visual contexts (e.g., object arrays), and so it is unclear whether it may manifest in naturalistic contexts, and in which ways. In this eye-tracking study, 26 younger and 24 healthy older adults were asked to detect changes in a critical object situated in a photographic scene (192 in total), about its identity (the object becomes a different object but maintains the same position), location (the object only changes position) or both (the object changes in location and identity). Aging was associated with a lower change detection performance. A change in identity was harder to detect than a location change, and performance was best when both features changed, especially in younger adults. Eye movements displayed minor differences between age groups (e.g., shorter saccades in older adults) but were similarly modulated by the type of change. Latencies to the first fixation were longer and the amplitude of incoming saccades was larger when the critical object changed in location. Once fixated, the target object was inspected for longer when it only changed in identity compared to location. Visually salient objects were fixated earlier, but saliency did not affect any other eye movement measures considered, nor did it interact with the type of change. Our findings suggest that even though aging results in lower performance, it does not selectively disrupt temporary bindings of object identity, location, or their association in VWM, and highlight the importance of using naturalistic contexts to discriminate the cognitive processes that undergo detriment from those that are instead spared by aging.
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- 2022
133. Effects of amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration on cognitive change in cognitively normal adults.
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Bilgel, Murat, An, Yang, Helphrey, Jessica, Elkins, Wendy, Gomez, Gabriela, Wong, Dean F, Davatzikos, Christos, Ferrucci, Luigi, and Resnick, Susan M
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COGNITION disorder risk factors , *PROTEIN metabolism , *PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects of aging , *ALZHEIMER'S disease , *AMYLOID , *AMYLOIDOSIS , *COGNITION , *HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain) , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MEMORY , *PERIPHERAL neuropathy , *NEURODEGENERATION , *DISEASE complications , *OLD age - Abstract
Understanding short-term cognitive decline in relation to Alzheimer's neuroimaging biomarkers in early stages of the development of neuropathology and neurodegeneration will inform participant recruitment and monitoring strategies in clinical trials aimed at prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia. We assessed associations among neuroimaging measures of cerebral amyloid pathology, a hallmark Alzheimer's neuropathology, hippocampal atrophy, and prospective cognition among 171 cognitively normal Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants (baseline age 56-95 years, 48% female, 562 cognitive assessments, 3.7 years follow-up). We categorized each individual based on dichotomous amyloid pathology (A) and hippocampal neurodegeneration (N) status at baseline: A-N-, A+N-, A-N+, A+N+. We conducted linear mixed effects analyses to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal trends in cognitive test z-scores by amyloid and neurodegeneration group. To investigate the effects of amyloid dose and degree of hippocampal atrophy, we assessed the associations of continuous mean cortical amyloid level and hippocampal volume with cognitive performance among individuals with detectable amyloid pathology at baseline. Individuals with amyloidosis or hippocampal atrophy had steeper longitudinal declines in verbal episodic memory and learning compared to those with neither condition (A+N- versus A-N-: β = - 0.069, P = 0.017; A-N+ versus A-N-: β = - 0.081, P = 0.025). Among individuals with hippocampal atrophy, amyloid positivity was associated with steeper declines in verbal memory (β = - 0.123, P = 0.015), visual memory (β = - 0.121, P = 0.036), language (β = - 0.144, P = 0.0004), and mental status (β = - 0.242, P = 0.002). Similarly, among individuals with amyloidosis, hippocampal atrophy was associated with steeper declines in verbal memory (β = - 0.135, P = 0.004), visual memory (β = - 0.141, P = 0.010), language (β = - 0.108, P = 0.006), and mental status (β = - 0.165, P = 0.022). Presence of both amyloidosis and hippocampal atrophy was associated with greater declines than would be expected by their additive contributions in visual memory (β = - 0.139, P = 0.036), language (β = - 0.132, P = 0.005), and mental status (β = - 0.170, P = 0.049). Neither amyloidosis nor hippocampal atrophy was predictive of declines in executive function, processing speed, or visuospatial ability. Among individuals with amyloidosis, higher baseline amyloid level was associated with lower concurrent visual memory, steeper declines in language, visuospatial ability, and mental status, whereas greater hippocampal atrophy was associated with steeper declines in category fluency. Our results suggest that both amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration have disadvantageous, in part synergistic, effects on prospective cognition. These cognitive effects are detectable early among cognitively normal individuals with amyloidosis, who are in preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease according to research criteria. Our findings highlight the importance of early intervention to target both amyloidosis and atrophy to preserve cognitive function before further damage occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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134. Association between exposure to anaesthesia and surgery and long-term cognitive trajectories in older adults: report from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.
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Schulte, P.J., Roberts, R.O., Knopman, D.S., Petersen, R.C., Hanson, A.C., Schroeder, D.R., Weingarten, T.N., Martin, D.P., Warner, D.O., and Sprung, J.
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GENERAL anesthesia , *SURGERY , *COGNITIVE ability , *OLDER people , *AGE factors in cognition , *MILD cognitive impairment , *MEMORY in old age , *EXECUTIVE function , *ANESTHESIA , *LONGITUDINAL method , *MEMORY , *OPERATIVE surgery , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
Background: The link between exposure to general anaesthesia and surgery (exposure) and cognitive decline in older adults is debated. We hypothesised that it is associated with cognitive decline.Methods: We analysed the longitudinal cognitive function trajectory in a cohort of older adults. Models assessed the rate of change in cognition over time, and its association with exposure to anaesthesia and surgery. Analyses assessed whether exposure in the 20 yr before enrolment is associated with cognitive decline when compared with those unexposed, and whether post-enrolment exposure is associated with a change in cognition in those unexposed before enrolment.Results: We included 1819 subjects with median (25th and 75th percentiles) follow-up of 5.1 (2.7-7.6) yr and 4 (3-6) cognitive assessments. Exposure in the previous 20 yr was associated with a greater negative slope compared with not exposed (slope: -0.077 vs -0.059; difference: -0.018; 95% confidence interval: -0.032, -0.003; P=0.015). Post-enrolment exposure in those previously unexposed was associated with a change in slope after exposure (slope: -0.100 vs -0.059 for post-exposure vs pre-exposure, respectively; difference: -0.041; 95% confidence interval: -0.074, -0.008; P=0.016). Cognitive impairment could be attributed to declines in memory and attention/executive cognitive domains.Conclusions: In older adults, exposure to general anaesthesia and surgery was associated with a subtle decline in cognitive z-scores. For an individual with no prior exposure and with exposure after enrolment, the decline in cognitive function over a 5 yr period after the exposure would be 0.2 standard deviations more than the expected decline as a result of ageing. This small cognitive decline could be meaningful for individuals with already low baseline cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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135. Visual and hearing impairments are associated with cognitive decline in older people.
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MAHARANI, ASRI, DAWES, PIERS, NAZROO, JAMES, TAMPUBOLON, GINDO, and PENDLETON, NEIL
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AGING , *BIOMARKERS , *COGNITION disorders , *HEALTH status indicators , *LONGEVITY , *MEMORY , *SURVEYS , *DEAF-blind disorders , *DISEASE complications , *OLD age - Abstract
Introduction: highly prevalagent hearing and vision sensory impairments among older people may contribute to the risk of cognitive decline and pathological impairments including dementia. This study aims to determine whether single and dual sensory impairment (hearing and/or vision) are independently associated with cognitive decline among older adults and to describe cognitive trajectories according to their impairment pattern. Material and methods: we used data from totals of 13,123, 11,417 and 21,265 respondents aged 50+ at baseline from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), respectively. We performed growth curve analysis to identify cognitive trajectories, and a joint model was used to deal with attrition problems in longitudinal ageing surveys. Results: respondents with a single sensory impairment had lower episodic memory score than those without sensory impairment in HRS (β = -0.15, P < 0.001), ELSA (β = -0.14, P < 0.001) and SHARE (β = -0.26, P < 0.001). The analysis further shows that older adults with dual sensory impairment in HRS (β = -0.25, P < 0.001), ELSA (β = -0.35, P < 0.001) and SHARE (β = -0.68, P < 0.001) remembered fewer words compared with those with no sensory impairment. The stronger associations between sensory impairment and lower episodic memory levels were found in the joint model which accounted for attrition. Conclusions: hearing and/or vision impairments are a marker for the risk of cognitive decline that could inform preventative interventions to maximise cognitive health and longevity. Further studies are needed to investigate how sensory markers could inform strategies to improve cognitive ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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136. Structural social relations and cognitive ageing trajectories: evidence from the Whitehall II cohort study.
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Elovainio, Marko, Sommerlad, Andrew, Hakulinen, Christian, Pulkki-Råback, Laura, Virtanen, Marianna, Kivimäki, Mika, and Singh-Manoux, Archana
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COGNITION , *OLD age , *MARITAL status , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *PHONEMICS - Abstract
Background: Social relations are important for health, particularly at older ages. We examined the salience of frequency of social contacts and marital status for cognitive ageing trajectories over 21 years, from midlife to early old age.Methods: Data are from the Whitehall II cohort study, including 4290 men and 1776 women aged 35-55 years at baseline (1985-88). Frequency of social contacts and marital status were measured in 1985-88 and 1989-90. Assessment of cognitive function on five occasions (1991-94, 1997-99, 2003-04, 2007-09 and 2012-13) included the following tests: short-term memory, inductive reasoning, verbal fluency (phonemic and semantic) and a combined global score. Cognitive trajectories over the study period were analysed using longitudinal latent growth class analyses, and the associations of these latent classes (trajectory memberships) with social relations were analysed using multinominal logistic regression.Results: More frequent social contacts [relative risk (RRR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94 - 0.98] and being married (RRR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58 - 0.84) were associated with lower probability of being on a low rather than high cognitive performance trajectory over the subsequent 21 years. These associations persisted after adjustment for covariates. Of the sub-tests, social relations variables had the strongest association with phonemic fluency (RRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94 - 0.97 for frequent contact; RRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48 - 0.71 for being married).Conclusions: More frequent social contacts and having a spouse were associated with more favourable cognitive ageing trajectories. Further studies are needed to examine whether interventions designed to improve social connections affect cognitive ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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137. Effects of age on inhibitory control are affected by task-specific features.
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de Bruin, Angela and Sala, Sergio Della
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RESPONSE inhibition , *REACTION time , *COGNITIVE analysis , *PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY , *PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects of aging - Abstract
Older adults have been argued to have impoverished inhibitory control compared to younger adults. However, these effects of age may depend on processing speed and their manifestation may furthermore depend on the type of inhibitory control task that is used. We present two experiments that examine age effects on inhibition across three tasks: a Simon arrow, static flanker and motion flanker task. The results showed overall slower reaction times (RTs) for older adults on all three tasks. However, effects of age on inhibition costs were only found for the Simon task, but not for the two flanker tasks. The motion flanker task furthermore showed an effect of baseline processing speed on the relation between age and inhibition costs. Older adults with slower baseline responses showed smaller inhibition costs, suggesting they were affected less by the flanker items than faster older adults. These findings suggest that effects of age on inhibition are task dependent and can be modulated by task-specific features such as the type of interference, type of stimuli and processing speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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138. Examining theories of cognitive ageing using the false memory paradigm.
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Askey, Charlotte and Playfoot, David
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PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects of aging , *FALSE memory syndrome , *IATROGENIC diseases , *COMPARATIVE grammar , *PSYCHIATRIC errors - Abstract
Changes in memory performance with advancing age have been well documented, even in the absence of brain injury or dementia. The mechanisms underlying cognitive ageing are still a matter of debate. This article describes a comparison between young (18-25 years old) and older (60+ years) adults using the Deese–Roediger–McDermott false memory paradigm and manipulating the number of words included in the memory lists. Two key theories of cognitive ageing (the Inhibitory Deficit Hypothesis and the Transmission Deficit Hypothesis) predict opposing patterns on this task. Results showed that longer lists increase the likelihood that a lure is retrieved and that older adults are more susceptible to false memories than are younger adults. We argue that these findings are supportive of the Inhibitory Deficit Hypothesis and cannot easily be reconciled with the Transmission Deficit Hypothesis account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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139. The Reliability and Validity of a Self-Report Measure of Cognitive Abilities in Older Adults: More Personality than Cognitive Function.
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Herreen, Danielle and Zajac, Ian Taylor
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COGNITION in old age , *SELF-evaluation , *COGNITIVE ability , *RELIABILITY (Personality trait) , *COGNITIVE testing - Abstract
The development of brief, reliable and valid self-report measures of cognitive abilities would facilitate research in areas including cognitive ageing. This is due to both practical and economic limitations of formal cognitive testing procedures. This study examined the reliability and validity of the newly developed Self-ReportMeasure of Cognitive Abilities (SRMCA; Jacobs & Roodenburg, 2014); a multi-item self-report tool designed to assess cognitive function in the ability areas of fluid reasoning (Gf), comprehension-knowledge (Gc) and visual processing (Gv). Participants were (n = 93) cognitively healthy older adults aged between 52 and 82 years who completed the SRMCA, the Big Five Inventory and a battery of cognitive tasks. Results revealed adequate reliability for the SRMCA and convergent validity for the Gc domain but not for Gf or Gv. Moreover, significant personality bias was evident with Extraversion (positively), Openness to Experience (positively) and Neuroticism (negatively) predicting SRMCA responses independently of actual cognitive performance. Thus, although the SRMCA appears to be reliable in older adults, personality was a stronger predictor of self-estimated cognitive abilities than actual cognitive performance, questioning the utility of this tool as a subjective measure of cognitive ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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140. Auditory speed tasks as potential candidates for the study of cognitive ageing.
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Zajac, Ian T. and Nettelbeck, Ted
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PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects of aging , *INFORMATION processing , *COGNITIVE ability , *AUDITORY cortex , *FACTOR structure - Abstract
Speed of information processing is an important cognitive ability. It facilitates the efficient operation of higher order cognitive functions, such as reasoning, and is implicated in various models of cognitive decline. The present study considers the potential benefits of expanding the measurement of processing speed to include the auditory modality. It examines the reliability and factorial structure of a variety of auditory and visual speed tasks in a sample of N = 138 older adults aged between 51 and 82 years. Our findings demonstrate that auditory measures can be used to assess processing speed as indexed by existing widely used tests of this ability. Moreover, the inclusion of auditory tasks significantly increases the relationship between processing speed and general cognitive ability. This novel research provides strong evidence of the suitability of auditory speed tasks for the study of cognitive function in older people, and demonstrates the importance of expanding cognitive measurement to include alternate modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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141. Healthy cognitive ageing in the Lothian Birth Cohort studies: marginal gains not magic bullet.
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Corley, J., Cox, S. R., and Deary, I. J.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects of aging , *BIOMARKERS , *COGNITION , *GENETICS , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
In the face of shifting demographics and an increase in human longevity, it is important to examine carefully what is known about cognitive ageing, and to identify and promote possibly malleable lifestyle and health-related factors that might mitigate age-associated cognitive decline. The Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 (LBC1921, n = 550) and 1936 (LBC1936, n = 1091) are longitudinal studies of cognitive and brain ageing based in Scotland. Childhood IQ data are available for these participants, who were recruited in later life and then followed up regularly. This overview summarises some of the main LBC findings to date, illustrating the possible genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive function (level and change) and brain imaging biomarkers in later life. Key associations include genetic variation, health and fitness, psychosocial and lifestyle factors, and aspects of the brain's structure. It addresses some key methodological issues such as confounding by early-life intelligence and social factors and emphasises areas requiring further investigation. Overall, the findings that have emerged from the LBC studies highlight that there are multiple correlates of cognitive ability level in later life, many of which have small effects, that there are as yet few reliable predictors of cognitive change, and that not all of the correlates have independent additive associations. The concept of marginal gains, whereby there might be a cumulative effect of small incremental improvements across a wide range of lifestyle and health-related factors, may offer a useful way to think about and promote a multivariate recipe for healthy cognitive and brain ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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142. Clinical and neuropsychological profile of persons with mild cognitive impairment, a hospital based study from a lower and middle income country.
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Bharath, Srikala, Sadanand, Shilpa, Kumar, Keshav J., Balachandar, Rakesh, Joshi, Himanshu, and Varghese, Mathew
- Abstract
Mild Cognitive impairment (MCI) is an important pre-dementia stage to be identified towards prevention. We screened a large number of older adults seeking help at hospital and community towards a diagnosis of MCI and this study describe their clinical and neuropsychological profile. Older adults aged 60 years & above seeking help at NIMHANS outpatient & community services were screened for early cognitive deficits. Persons were diagnosed to have MCI according to Petersen’s criteria, after detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessments. Age, gender and education matched healthy controls were recruited for comparison. A total of 7469 older adults were screened during the study period (July 2012–December 2014). Less than 1% (n = 56) were diagnosed with MCI. Majority were males, from urban background with an average of 13 years of education. They presented mainly with memory disturbances, more than 75% (n = 43) were found to have amnestic type of MCI (aMCI). Of the aMCI subjects, majority (80%) had deficits in more than one cognitive domain. They performed significantly worse (p < 0.001) on tests of episodic memory, logical memory, attention and executive functions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were prevalent in 55% of MCI group and influenced their cognitive scores. The findings suggest that persons with MCI perform worse not only on memory tasks but also on some of the attention and executive functions tasks. As observed in earlier studies, amnestic multiple-domain MCI was the most common type of MCI in this study population. Indigenous assessment tools were of significant value in distinguishing MCI from normal ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. A prospectus for ethical analysis of ageing individuals' responsibility to prevent cognitive decline.
- Author
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Forlini, Cynthia and Hall, Wayne
- Subjects
- *
COGNITION disorders , *GOVERNMENT policy & ethics , *PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects of aging , *BEHAVIOR modification , *HEALTH behavior , *HEALTH promotion , *LABOR productivity , *SOCIAL participation , *PHYSICAL activity , *PREVENTION - Abstract
As the world's population ages, governments and non-governmental organizations in developed countries are promoting healthy cognitive ageing to reduce the rate of age-related cognitive decline and sustain economic productivity in an ageing workforce. Recommendations from the Productivity Commission (Australia), Dementia Australia, Government Office for Science (UK), Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues (USA), Institute of Medicine (USA), among others, are encouraging older adults to engage in mental, physical, and social activities. These lifestyle recommendations for healthy cognitive ageing are timely and well supported by scientific evidence but they make implicit normative judgments about the responsibility of ageing individuals to prevent cognitive decline. Ethical tensions arise when this individual responsibility collides with social and personal realities of ageing populations. First, we contextualize the priority given to healthy cognitive ageing within the current brain-based medical and social discourses. Second, we explore the individual responsibility by examining the economic considerations, medical evidence and individual interests that relate to the priority given to healthy cognitive ageing. Third, we identify three key ethical challenges for policymakers seeking to implement lifestyle recommendations as an effective population-level approach to healthy cognitive ageing. The result is a prospectus for future in-depth analysis of ethical tensions that arise from current policy discussions of healthy cognitive ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. Moral bioenhancement and agential risks: Good and bad outcomes.
- Author
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Torres, Phil
- Subjects
- *
ENHANCEMENT medicine , *PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects of aging , *ETHICS , *LITERATURE , *PUBLIC health , *SOCIAL skills , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
In Unfit for the Future, Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu argue that our collective existetial predicment is unprecedentedly dangerous due to climate change and terrorism. Given these global risks to human prosperity and survival, Persson and Savulescu argue that we should explore the radical possibility of moral bioenhancement in addition to cognitive enhancement. In this article, I argue that moral bioenhancements could nontrivially exacerbate the threat posed by certain kinds of malicious agents, while reducing the threat of other kinds. This introduces a previously undiscussed complication to Persson and Savulescu's proposal. In the final section, I present a novel argument for why moral bioenhancement should either be compulsory or not be made available to the public at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. Systemic GLP-1R agonist treatment reverses mouse glial and neurovascular cell transcriptomic aging signatures in a genome-wide manner
- Author
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Lei Zhao, Xinyi Chen, Ho Ko, Joaquim S. L. Vong, Yun Kwok Wing, Junzhe Huang, Vincent Mok, Zhongqi Li, Bonaventure Ip, Leo Y. C. Yan, and Hei-Ming Lai
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Agonist ,Male ,Cell type ,Aging ,endocrine system ,medicine.drug_class ,QH301-705.5 ,Parkinson's disease ,Cell ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Mural cell ,Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alzheimer Disease ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Biology (General) ,Receptor ,Cellular Senescence ,Microglia ,Cognitive ageing ,Neurodegeneration ,Brain ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,Alzheimer's disease ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Exenatide ,Feasibility Studies ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Transcriptome ,Astrocyte ,Neuroscience ,Neuroglia ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Pharmacological reversal of brain aging is a long-sought yet challenging strategy for the prevention and treatment of age-related neurodegeneration, due to the diverse cell types and complex cellular pathways impacted by the aging process. Here, we report the genome-wide reversal of transcriptomic aging signatures in multiple major brain cell types, including glial and mural cells, by systemic glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment. The age-related expression changes reversed by GLP-1RA encompass both shared and cell type-specific functional pathways that are implicated in aging and neurodegeneration. Concomitantly, Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated transcriptomic signature in microglia that arises from aging is reduced. These results show the feasibility of reversing brain aging by pharmacological means, provide mechanistic insights into the neurological benefits of GLP-1RAs, and imply that GLP-1R agonism may be a generally applicable pharmacological intervention for patients at risk of age-related neurodegeneration., Li, Chen, Vong, Zhao et al. show that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist reverses transcriptomic aging signatures in mouse glial and neurovascular cells. This study suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may be considered as a therapeutic option for patients at risk of age-related neurodegeneration.
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- 2021
146. Environmental enrichment preserves a young DNA methylation landscape in the aged mouse hippocampus
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Andreas Dahl, Rupert W. Overall, Sara Zocher, Gerd Kempermann, and Mathias Lesche
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0301 basic medicine ,Epigenomics ,Aging ,General Physics and Astronomy ,metabolism [Hippocampus] ,genetics [Neuronal Plasticity] ,Hippocampus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epigenetics and behaviour ,methods [Epigenomics] ,Cognitive decline ,Neurons ,Multidisciplinary ,Neuronal Plasticity ,DNA methylation ,Cognitive ageing ,Age Factors ,metabolism [Dentate Gyrus] ,genetics [Neurogenesis] ,metabolism [Neurons] ,Epigenetics ,Female ,ddc:500 ,Behavioral epigenetics ,Neurogenesis ,Science ,Biology ,Environment ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,MECP2 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,Humans ,Environmental enrichment ,Dentate gyrus ,General Chemistry ,DNA Methylation ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,cytology [Hippocampus] ,Dentate Gyrus ,CpG Islands ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,genetics [CpG Islands] - Abstract
The decline of brain function during aging is associated with epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation. Lifestyle interventions can improve brain function during aging, but their influence on age-related epigenetic changes is unknown. Using genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing, we here show that experiencing a stimulus-rich environment counteracts age-related DNA methylation changes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of mice. Specifically, environmental enrichment prevented the aging-induced CpG hypomethylation at target sites of the methyl-CpG-binding protein Mecp2, which is critical to neuronal function. The genes at which environmental enrichment counteracted aging effects have described roles in neuronal plasticity, neuronal cell communication and adult hippocampal neurogenesis and are dysregulated with age-related cognitive decline in the human brain. Our results highlight the stimulating effects of environmental enrichment on hippocampal plasticity at the level of DNA methylation and give molecular insights into the specific aspects of brain aging that can be counteracted by lifestyle interventions., Decline of brain function during aging is associated with epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation. Here the authors provide evidence that environmental enrichment delays age-related DNA methylation alterations in the mouse hippocampus.
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- 2021
147. FKBP52 overexpression accelerates hippocampal-dependent memory impairments in a tau transgenic mouse model
- Author
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Danielle M. Blazier, Laura J. Blair, David Beaulieu-Abdelahad, Yamile Vidal-Aguiar, Xinming Wang, Chad A. Dickey, Marangelie Criado-Marrero, Taylor M. Smith, Lauren A. Gould, Salma S. Abdelmaboud, Lindsey B. Shelton, Jan Dahrendorff, and Niat T. Gebru
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Genetically modified mouse ,Aging ,biology ,Cognitive ageing ,Transgene ,RC952-954.6 ,Long-term potentiation ,Hippocampal formation ,FKBP52 ,Article ,Learning and memory ,Cell biology ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Geriatrics ,Synaptic plasticity ,biology.protein ,Diseases of the nervous system ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Caspase 12 - Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau induces pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease. Molecular chaperones with peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) activity are known to regulate these processes. Previously, in vitro studies have shown that the 52 kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP52) interacts with tau inducing its oligomerization and fibril formation to promote toxicity. Thus, we hypothesized that increased expression of FKBP52 in the brains of tau transgenic mice would alter tau phosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangle formation ultimately leading to memory impairments. To test this, tau transgenic (rTg4510) and wild-type mice received bilateral hippocampal injections of virus overexpressing FKBP52 or GFP control. We examined hippocampal-dependent memory, synaptic plasticity, tau phosphorylation status, and neuronal health. This work revealed that rTg4510 mice overexpressing FKBP52 had impaired spatial learning, accompanied by long-term potentiation deficits and hippocampal neuronal loss, which was associated with a modest increase in total caspase 12. Together with previous studies, our findings suggest that FKBP52 may sensitize neurons to tau-mediated dysfunction via activation of a caspase-dependent pathway, contributing to memory and learning impairments.
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- 2021
148. Scopolamine promotes neuroinflammation and delirium-like neuropsychiatric disorder in mice
- Author
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So Yeong Cheon, Junhyun Nam, Eun Jung Kim, Eun Hee Kam, So Yeon Kim, and Bon Nyeo Koo
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Male ,Science ,Neuroimmunology ,Immunology ,Scopolamine ,Inflammation ,Bioinformatics ,Article ,Cholinergic Antagonists ,Learning and memory ,Pathogenesis ,Mice ,Cell death and immune response ,medicine ,Animals ,Clinical significance ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Neuroinflammation ,Emotion ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Cognitive ageing ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Delirium ,Inflammasome ,Cognition ,Cognitive neuroscience ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Anxiety ,Cytokines ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Postoperative delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting a high postsurgical mortality rate and decline in postdischarge function. Extensive research has been performed on both human and animal delirium-like models due to their clinical significance, focusing on systematic inflammation and consequent neuroinflammation playing a key role in the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunctions. Since animal models are widely utilized for pathophysiological study of neuropsychiatric disorders, this study aimed at examining the validity of the scopolamine-induced delirium-like mice model with respect to the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of delirium. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with intraperitoneal scopolamine (2 mg/kg). Neurobehavioral tests were performed to evaluate the changes in cognitive functions, including learning and memory, and the level of anxiety after surgery or scopolamine treatment. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α) and inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) in different brain regions were measured. Gene expression profiles were also examined using whole-genome RNA sequencing analyses to compare gene expression patterns of different mice models. Scopolamine treatment showed significant increase in the level of anxiety and impairments in memory and cognitive function associated with increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome components. Genetic analysis confirmed the different expression patterns of genes involved in immune response and inflammation and those related with the development of the nervous system in both surgery and scopolamine-induced mice models. The scopolamine-induced delirium-like mice model successfully showed that analogous neuropsychiatric changes coincides with the neuroinflammatory hypothesis for pathogenesis of delirium.
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- 2021
149. An association between fibroblast growth factor 21 and cognitive impairment in iron-overload thalassemia
- Author
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Adisak Tantiworawit, Jirapas Sripetchwandee, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, Wasan Theerajangkhaphichai, Sirawit Sriwichaiin, Nipon Chattipakorn, and Saovaros Svasti
- Subjects
Male ,Oncology ,Neuroendocrine diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Iron Overload ,FGF21 ,Adolescent ,Thalassemia ,Science ,Article ,Mice ,Medical research ,Internal medicine ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Cognitive impairment ,Multidisciplinary ,Cognitive ageing ,business.industry ,Montreal Cognitive Assessment ,Translational research ,medicine.disease ,Synaptic protein ,Fibroblast Growth Factors ,Medicine ,Metabolic syndrome ,business - Abstract
Although an increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) level was related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in metabolic syndrome patients, any association regarding FGF21 and MCI in thalassemia patients as well as mechanistic insight are questionable. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the prevalence and associative risk factors of MCI in thalassemia patients, (2) to evaluate the association between levels of FGF21 and MCI in thalassemia patients, and (3) to investigate brain FGF21 signaling in iron-overload thalassemia. Thalassemia patients were enrolled onto the study (n = 131). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to determine cognitive performance. Plasma FGF21 level was determined in all patients. Iron-overload β-thalassemic (HT) mice were used to investigate brain FGF21 level and signaling, the expression of synaptic proteins, and Alzheimer’s like pathology. We found that 70% of thalassemia patients developed MCI. FGF21 level was positively correlated with the MCI. Interestingly, brain FGF21 resistance, as indicated by increased brain FGF21 levels with impaired FGF21 signaling, was found in iron-overload HT mice. The reduced synaptic protein expression and increased Alzheimer’s like pathology were also observed. These suggest that FGF21 may play a role in MCI in thalassemia patients.
- Published
- 2021
150. TDCS effects on pointing task learning in young and old adults
- Author
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Kaminski, E., Engelhardt, M., Hoff, M., Steele, C., A.Villringer, and Ragert, P.
- Subjects
Cognitive ageing ,Science ,Motor cortex ,Medicine ,Short-term memory ,Author Correction ,Article ,Consolidation - Abstract
Skill increase in motor performance can be defined as explicitly measuring task success but also via more implicit measures of movement kinematics. Even though these measures are often related, there is evidence that they represent distinct concepts of learning. In the present study, the effect of multiple tDCS-sessions on both explicit and implicit measures of learning are investigated in a pointing task in 30 young adults (YA) between 27.07 ± 3.8 years and 30 old adults (OA) between 67.97 years ± 5.3 years. We hypothesized, that OA would show slower explicit skill learning indicated by higher movement times/lower accuracy and slower implicit learning indicated by higher spatial variability but profit more from anodal tDCS compared with YA. We found age-related differences in movement time but not in accuracy or spatial variability. TDCS did not skill learning facilitate learning neither in explicit nor implicit parameters. However, contrary to our hypotheses, we found tDCS-associated higher accuracy only in YA but not in spatial variability. Taken together, our data shows limited overlapping of tDCS effects in explicit and implicit skill parameters. Furthermore, it supports the assumption that tDCS is capable of producing a performance-enhancing brain state at least for explicit skill acquisition.
- Published
- 2021
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