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In this study, self-reported survey results from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) 2017 and 2018 are examined to understand the extent to which students who were academically at-risk and academically prepared engaged in active learning versus traditional learning methods across bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree-granting institutions. The NSSE Report Builder Public (2018) was utilized to create a data set from first year student responses selecting for teaching methodologies, Carnegie Institutional Categories, and student academic level as determined by course grades. Researchers used chi-square analyses to establish associations between the variables; all chi-square results were statistically significant except for one; there was no association found between students who were academically at-risk and coursework that emphasized evaluative learning activities. Next, researchers analyzed the frequencies of types of learning activities reported by students. Students who were were academically at-risk reported lower frequencies of using active learning techniques and tended to engage in study for fewer hours across all institution types. From this analysis, suggestions for improving the instruction for students who are academically at-risk include increased use of active learning teaching strategies for the various types of degree-granting institutions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate faculty members' perspectives on coeducation and reciprocity within service-learning partnerships. Participants included 22 faculty members from a variety of disciplines at a midsized private university in the southeastern United States. Faculty identified communication as well as teaching and learning practices as the two tools needed for effective coeducation. Participants emphasized giving and receiving, communication, and clarifying expectations as key factors required for reciprocity. This study can help guide faculty members in fostering coeducation and achieving reciprocity in service-learning experiences.

As the COVID-19 crisis disrupts students' sense of community and appreciation for in-person instruction, the author presents a pedagogical experiment involving several collaborative, team-based learning strategies to engage all learners, regardless of location. Students in a sophomore-level required seminar are tasked with various team-based assignments, including notetaking, critical essays, interviews, and reflective writing exercises. Outcomes suggest a framework for the creative use of teams and out-of-classroom collaboration, even in challenging contexts where disruption and displacement complicate both teaching and learning. Curricular objectives are described, and student feedback is summarized.

Introduction Pharmacists focusing on psychotropic medication management and practicing across a wide variety of healthcare settings have significantly improved patient-level outcomes. The Systematic Literature Review Committee of the American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists was tasked with compiling a comprehensive database of primary literature highlighting the impact of psychiatric pharmacists on patient-level outcomes. Methods A systematic search of literature published from January 1, 1961, to December 31, 2022, was conducted using PubMed and search terms based on a prior American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists literature review. Publications describing patient-level outcome results associated with pharmacist provision of care in psychiatric/neurologic settings and/or in relation to psychotropic medications were included. The search excluded articles for which there was no pharmacist intervention, no psychiatric disorder treatment, no clinical outcomes, no original research, no access to full text, and/or no English-language version. Results A total of 4270 articles were reviewed via PubMed, with 4072 articles excluded based on title, abstract, and/or full text in the initial pass and 208 articles selected for inclusion. A secondary full-text review excluded 11 additional articles, and 5 excluded articles were ultimately included based on a secondary review, for a final total of 202 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. A comprehensive database of these articles was compiled, including details on their study designs and outcomes. Discussion The articles included in the final database had a wide range of heterogeneity. While the overall impact of psychiatric pharmacists was positive, the study variability highlights the need for future publications to have more consistent, standardized outcomes with stronger study designs.

The main objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from the CONCEPTT study including subanalyses. Literature search was accessed through MEDLINE (1966–September 2023) using the key terms: CONCEPTT, pregnancy, women, T1D, and CGM with limitations set to distinguish human subjects written in English. A total of 17 publications including one main clinical trial and 15 subanalyses have been published to date regarding the use of CGM in pregnant women with T1D which were conducted by a research group identified as the CONCEPTT Collaborative Group. While advances in maternal care have resulted in safer pregnancy for both the mother and child, women with preexisting T1D and pregnancy still experience higher rates of complications both in the short and long term. The use of CGM in pregnancy has not been studied extensively until more recently. The CONCEPTT clinical trial was a landmark study that involved several subanalyses. The main trial proved that CGM use in T1D pregnancy resulted in less hyperglycemia in the third trimester, reduced large for gestational age (LGA, >90th percentile), reduced neonatal intensive care unit admissions lasting longer than 24 h, and reduced neonatal hypoglycemia. Although subanalyses showed a variety of results including ‘inconclusive’ due to lack of prespecification, it is believed that CGM in T1D during pregnancy is to be recommended and used for overall improved outcomes.

Abstract Purpose To assess the outcome and safety of radiofrequency (RF) wire recanalization in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic central venous occlusions (CVO). Materials and Methods A retrospective review of ESRD patients who underwent RF-wire recanalization of symptomatic chronic thoracic CVO from January 2017 to August 2022 yielded 20 patients who underwent 21 procedures. All patients had undergone at least one prior unsuccessful attempt at central venous recanalization using conventional catheter-based techniques. Technical success was defined by the ability to cross the CVO using RF-wire recanalization enabling endovascular treatment. Access circuit patency was evaluated based on follow-up imaging and symptomatic improvement. Results Radiofrequency wire recanalization was successful in 17/21 procedures (81%) with all patients (100%) reporting resolution of arm ± facial swelling. Three major complications occurred (14%): two hemothoraces and one hemopericardium. Medial stent diameter was 13 mm (range, 9–14 mm). Mean duration of hospital stay was 2 days ± 3 days. Mean procedure time was 158 ± 46 min with a mean fluoroscopy time of 31.7 ± 16.3 min. Primary unassisted patency at 6 and 12 months was 94 ± 6% and 85 ± 10%, respectively. Additional interventions resulted in significantly increased stent graft patency (P = 0.006). Conclusion Radiofrequency wire-enabled recanalization of CVO in symptomatic dialysis patients has a high rate of technical success with resolution of arm and facial swelling and resumed use of the ipsilateral dialysis access. Although a superior safety profile was seen than with needle-based techniques such as sharp recanalization, major complications were not infrequent indicating that this RF-wire procedure should be performed in centers equipped to manage central venous perforations.

Aims: With up to 40% of patients having patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis (PFJ OA), the two arthroplasty options are to replace solely the patellofemoral joint via patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA), or the entire knee via total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to assess postoperative success of second-generation PFAs compared to TKAs for patients treated for PFJ OA using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and domains deemed important by patients following a patient and public involvement meeting. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE via OVID, CINAHL, and EBSCO were searched from inception to January 2022. Any study addressing surgical treatment of primary patellofemoral joint OA using second generation PFA and TKA in patients aged above 18 years with follow-up data of 30 days were included. Studies relating to OA secondary to trauma were excluded. ROB-2 and ROBINS-I bias tools were used. Results: A total of nine studies were included, made up of four randomized controlled trials (domain 1) and five cohort studies (domain 2). PROMs and knee function specific scores developed for reporting TKA were unable to detect any difference between PFA and TKA. There was no significant difference in complications between PFA and TKA. PFAs were found to have a better postoperative range of motion. Conclusion: TKA and PFA are both viable options for patients with primary PFJ OA. Over time, we have seen an emphasis on patient satisfaction and better quality of life. Recommending sacrificing healthy medial and lateral compartments to treat patellofemoral joint arthritis should be given further thought. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(12):948–956.

Abstract Background Injuries, the leading cause of death in children 1–17 years old, are often preventable. Injury patterns are impacted by changes in the child’s environment, shifts in supervision, and caregiver stressors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and proportion of injuries, mechanisms, and severity seen in Pediatric Emergency Departments (PEDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This multicenter, cross-sectional study from January 2019 through December 2020 examined visits to 40 PEDs for children

Abstract Low sodium salt (LSS) is an effective way to reduce the primary source of sodium from home cooking. To investigate the availability, price and characteristics of LSS, price gap between LSS and regular salt, and the potential size of subsidy needed to equalize the price of LSS and regular salt. A market survey of salts was conducted using two major online shopping sites JD and Taobao from November to December 2022. Of 360 salts, 76 (21.1%) are LSS and 284 (78.9%) are regular salt. The average proportion of potassium chloride is low (16.8%), and half of the brands contain less than 15% and only 6.6% contains ≥25%. The mean price of LSS is slightly but not significantly higher than that of regular salts (1.82 versus 1.67 yuan/100 g, p = .07). In the lowest quartile by price, the cost of LSS is significantly higher than regular salts (difference 0.13, p = .0048). Further, when comparing the lowest price LSS to the lowest price regular since within the same brand, the mean price LSS is 2.11‐fold that of the regular salt (1.66 versus 0.79 yuan/100 g, p

Used in higher education for many decades, seed grants are now beginning to be applied as a strategy to advance diversity, equity and inclusion goals, including rebuilding community post-pandemic. There is little research on the effectiveness of seed grants for such communal goals. This work is innovative in two key ways. First, these seed grants focus on promoting a strong sense of community at the institution rather than promoting individual investigators and research projects. Second, engaging students and staff as principal investigators (PIs) disrupts power structures in the academy. We present a systematic analysis of seed grant project reports (n = 45) and survey data (n = 56) from two seed grant programs implemented at the same institution. A diverse set of projects was proposed and funded. Projects had a positive impact on awardees and their departments and colleges. Seed grant program activities were successful at building community among awardees and recognizing individual efforts. Most noteworthy are the career development opportunities for graduate students, postdocs and staff, which are afforded by changes to PI eligibility. We conclude that seed grant programs have the potential for organizational learning and change around community building in higher education.

Patients with depression who ruminate repeatedly focus on depressive thoughts; however, there are two cognitive subtypes of rumination, reflection and brooding, each associated with different prognoses. Reflection involves problem-solving and is associated with positive outcomes, whereas brooding involves passive, negative, comparison with other people and is associated with poor outcomes. Rumination has also been related to atypical functional hyperconnectivity between the default mode network and subgenual prefrontal cortex. Repetitive pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex has been shown to alter functional connectivity, suggesting that the abnormal connectivity associated with rumination could potentially be altered. This study examined potential repetitive pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation prefrontal cortical targets that could modulate one or both of these rumination subtypes. Forty-three patients who took part in a trial of repetitive pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation completed the Rumination Response Scale questionnaire and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seed to voxel functional connectivity analyses identified an anticorrelation between the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (-44, 26, -8; k = 172) with the default mode network-subgenual region in relation to higher levels of reflection. Parallel analyses were not significant for brooding or the RRS total score. These findings extend previous studies of rumination and identify a potential mechanistic model for symptom-based neuromodulation of rumination.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic brought an urgent need to discover novel effective therapeutics for patients hospitalised with severe COVID-19. The Investigation of Serial studies to Predict Your Therapeutic Response with Imaging And moLecular Analysis (ISPY COVID-19 trial) was designed and implemented in early 2020 to evaluate investigational agents rapidly and simultaneously on a phase 2 adaptive platform. This manuscript outlines the design, rationale, implementation and challenges of the ISPY COVID-19 trial during the first phase of trial activity from April 2020 until December 2021.Methods and analysisThe ISPY COVID-19 Trial is a multicentre open-label phase 2 platform trial in the USA designed to evaluate therapeutics that may have a large effect on improving outcomes from severe COVID-19. The ISPY COVID-19 Trial network includes academic and community hospitals with significant geographical diversity across the country. Enrolled patients are randomised to receive one of up to four investigational agents or a control and are evaluated for a family of two primary outcomes-time to recovery and mortality. The statistical design uses a Bayesian model with 'stopping' and 'graduation' criteria designed to efficiently discard ineffective therapies and graduate promising agents for definitive efficacy trials. Each investigational agent arm enrols to a maximum of 125 patients per arm and is compared with concurrent controls. As of December 2021, 11 investigational agent arms had been activated, and 8 arms were complete. Enrolment and adaptation of the trial design are ongoing.Ethics and disseminationISPY COVID-19 operates under a central institutional review board via Wake Forest School of Medicine IRB00066805. Data generated from this trial will be reported in peer-reviewed medical journals.Trial registration numberNCT04488081.

Black cis/trans women faculty face many challenges that impact their access to and success within administrative positions. We use critical race feminism (CRF) to highlight the role of mentoring in subverting multiple axes of power Black women encounter along the pathway to academic administration.

A major affordance of one-on-one mathematics coaching is its potential to provide individualized, contextualized support for mathematics teachers' learning. Coaches can adjust their work to individual teachers by focusing on instructional improvement goals that take account of teachers' current knowledge, practice, and classroom contexts. It is, however, essential that coaches and teachers work to attain productive instructional improvement goals that are both feasible for teachers to attain and likely to result in immediate improvements in students' learning, if attained. In this article, we describe how coaches can identify productive goals for individual teachers and then, on that basis, negotiate goals successfully with teachers, thereby supporting teachers in seeing productive goals as worthwhile. By describing these two processes, we further clarify the forms of coaching-specific expertise central to effective one-on-one mathematics coaching.

The rise of Open Distance Learning (ODL) has created new learning opportunities for teacher education students, particularly in geographically remote small island states. Alongside increasing access to education, ODL is designed to promote independent and self-directed learning. Despite this highly individualised pedagogical orientation, little is known about how ODL is experienced in collectivist cultures, such as Samoa, where cultural practices centre around a deep and interconnected relationality. This article responds to these concerns by employing the "fa'afaletui" research methodology to investigate the pedagogical experiences of 16 teacher education students in Samoa who were completing a two-year teacher upgrade programme delivered through ODL. The findings reveal those students highly valued relationality at all stages of their ODL programme. Students exercised agency to maintain relational connections by organising informal face-to-face meetings or telephone conversations with fellow students and lecturers to enhance their learning. These findings suggest that relational connections and dialogic interactions were crucial for their learning, despite ODL providing few of these relational and dialogic opportunities. In a time where the global pandemic has accelerated the need for ODL, the findings of this study offer important considerations for the international teacher education community.

Nonstructural protein 5 (Nsp5) is the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 that cleaves viral polyproteins into individual polypeptides necessary for viral replication. Here, we show that Nsp5 binds and cleaves human tRNA methyltransferase 1 (TRMT1), a host enzyme required for a prevalent post-transcriptional modification in tRNAs. Human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a decrease in TRMT1 protein levels and TRMT1-catalyzed tRNA modifications, consistent with TRMT1 cleavage and inactivation by Nsp5. Nsp5 cleaves TRMT1 at a specific position that matches the consensus sequence of SARS-CoV-2 polyprotein cleavage sites, and a single mutation within the sequence inhibits Nsp5-dependent proteolysis of TRMT1. The TRMT1 cleavage fragments exhibit altered RNA binding activity and are unable to rescue tRNA modification in TRMT1-deficient human cells. Compared to wild-type human cells, TRMT1-deficient human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit reduced levels of intracellular viral RNA. These findings provide evidence that Nsp5-dependent cleavage of TRMT1 and perturbation of tRNA modification patterns contribute to the cellular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Introduction Patients with primary glomerular disease (GN) have unique management needs. We describe the design of a user-centered, patient-facing electronic health (eHealth) tool to support GN management. Methods We surveyed patients and GN expert nephrologists on disease management tasks, educational needs, and barriers and facilitators of eHealth tool use. Results were summarized and presented to patients, nephrologists, engineers, and a behavioral and implementation science expert in stakeholder meetings to jointly design an eHealth tool. Key themes from the meetings are described using rapid qualitative analysis. Results Sixty-six patients with minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, IgA nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy responded to the survey, as well as 25 nephrologists from the NIH-funded Cure Glomerulonephropathy study network. Overall, patients performed fewer management tasks and acknowledged fewer informational needs than recommended by nephrologists. Patients were more knowledgeable about eHealth tools than nephrologists. Nine patient stakeholders reflected on the survey findings and noted a lack of awareness of key recommended management tasks and receiving little guidance from nephrologists on using eHealth. Key themes and concepts from the stakeholder meetings about eHealth tool development included the need for customizable design, trustworthy sources, seamless integration with other apps and clinical workflow, and reliable data tracking. The final design of our eHealth tool, the UrApp System, has 5 core features: “Profile” generates personalized data tracking, educational information, facilitation with provider discussions and inputting other preferences; “Data Tracking” displays patient health data with the ability to communicate important trends to patients and nephrologists; “Resources” provides trusted education information in a personalized manner; “Calendar” displays key events and generate reminders; and “Journal” facilitates information documentation using written or audio notes. Conclusion Our theory- and evidenced-based, stakeholder-engaged design process created designs for an eHealth tool to support the unique needs of patients with GN, optimized for effectiveness and implementation.

Abstract The timing and geographic extent of a potential “4.2 ky event” remain highly contested. Here we present records of ENSO variability at 3.8 kyBP and 4.1 kyBP derived from a Borneo stalagmite, which suggest a significant change in ENSO properties between these time intervals. The Borneo records show evidence of significantly reduced ENSO activity at 4.1 kyBP, relative to other measured windows within the Holocene. This reduced ENSO activity coincides with a period of drier conditions and enhanced dust events in the Middle East that took place ∼4.0–4.3 kyBP. The Borneo records show evidence of enhanced ENSO activity at 3.8 kyBP. Various hydroclimate changes attributed to the “4.2 ky event” in many regions may thus be reflecting a shift from reduced to enhanced El Niño activity that occurred between 3.8 kyBP to 4.0 kyBP.