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Este trabalho descreve a criação do PetroGold, um treebank padrão ouro para o domínio do óleo & gás. O material é composto por teses, dissertações e monografias, contém 9.127 frases (253.640 tokens) e conta com anotação morfossintática de dependências segundo a abordagem Universal Dependencies. Detalhamos alguns dos desafios linguísticos do domínio para a anotação sintática e verificamos a qualidade do material produzido por meio de uma avaliação intrínseca: utilizando um modelo criado pela ferramenta UDPipe, o corpus leva a 90,65%, 88,53% e 82,88% de acertos conforme as medidas UAS, LAS e CLAS, respectivamente.

After a nondiagnostic (ND) result or findings of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), the current recommendation is for fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid nodule to be repeated after at least 3 months. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the interval between FNACs has any influence on the final cytological diagnosis.This was a retrospective study including all patients who underwent FNAC for the first time between January 2016 and December 2019 with ND or AUS/FLUS cytological results and then underwent a second FNAC procedure. Demographic, clinical, ultrasound and cytological data were retrieved. 1,497 nodules were evaluated; 535 had a first FNAC result of ND or AUS/FLUS, and 246 of these were re-evaluated with a second FNAC. The cases were grouped according to the timing of the repeat FNAC in two different analyses:vs. ≥ 3 months andvs. ≥ 6 months after initial FNAC.Two hundred forty-six repeat FNACs were performed in 186 patients (76% female, median age 59.5 years). Twenty-two of these procedures (8.9%) were performed within 3 months, and 115 (46.2%) within 6 months of the first FNAC. Second FNAC findings were ND in 121 (49.2%) cases, benign in 103 (41.9%), AUS/FLUS in 8 (3.3%), follicular neoplasm/suspicious follicular neoplasm in 9 (3.7%), suspicious malignancy in 4 (1.6%) and malignancy in 1 (0.4%). Early repetition of FNAC did not significantly influence the final cytological result (3 vs. ≥ 3 months, P=0.51; and6 vs. ≥ 6 months, P=0.20).This study suggests that the interval in repeat FNAC procedures is not relevant to overall diagnostic performance.

Introduction: Malignant pleural effusions (MPE) are common complications in cancer patients, associated with poor prognosis. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation have been reported as potential prognostic predictors in cancer, and are the basis of some prognostic scores, such as the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). We aimed to assess survival in patients with MPE based on the mGPS. Methods: We retrospectively assessed demographic and clinical data from patients with confirmed MPE. The mGPS was defined as: C-reactive protein (CRP)>10 mg/L and albumin 10 mg/L and albumin ≥35 g/L - score 1 (intermediate), CRP≤10 mg/L – score 0 (good). Survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves and compared by log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression analysis. Results: We studied 164 patients with MPE (47.8% male, mean age of 66.4±13.6 years) with an ECOG-PS score ≥2 in 35.4% of cases. Specific cancer treatment was given to 104 (63.4%) patients. Concerning mGPS, 21.3% had score 0, 23.8% score 1 and 54.9% score 2. A higher score in mGPS was associated with a worse survival (p Conclusion: In our series, mGPS was an independent prognostic indicator for survival of patients with MPE.

The provision of care that is responsive to the preferences, needs and values of gamete donors is key to improving their recruitment and ensuring the functioning of gamete banks. This qualitative study aimed to explore gamete donors' experiences about the facilitating and constraining human and system factors to donor-centred healthcare delivery in gamete banks. It is based on 20 semi-structured interviews with oocyte and sperm donors, recruited at the Portuguese Public Bank of Gametes, conducted from November 2017 to February 2019. Deductive content analysis was performed using the software NVivo12, following the patient-centred infertility care model. Interviewees identified facilitating factors mostly related with the human dimension of care (i.e. careful and available attitude and behaviours of health professionals, as well as their good communication skills and emotional support). Constraining factors were predominantly identified at the system level (i.e. insufficient information provision, poor coordination, and integration). Lack of privacy emerged simultaneously as a human and a system constraining factor (i.e. physical discomfort during medical-technical acts or gamete collection). There is room for improving clinical practice and the organisation of healthcare services within a context where the competence and attitude of, and relationship with, the staff are highly valued. This work was supported by national funding from the Foundation for Science and Technology – FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education), the Operational Programmes Competitiveness and Internationalization [COMPETE 2020] and Human Capital (POCH), Portugal 2020, and the European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund, under the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016762, Ref. FCT PTDC/IVC-ESCT/6294/2014, the Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit) [info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB/04750/2020/PT], the contract Ref. DL57/2016/CP1336/CT0001 (De Freitas C) and the FCT Investigator contract IF/01674/2015 (Silva S).

Resumo O artigo analisa a representação discursiva da mídia escrita hegemônica sobre a privatização das telecomunicações no Brasil. Desde a redemocratização política no país, a privatização de empresas estatais permanece na pauta de governos de diferentes posições ideológicas. Assumindo a grande imprensa como uma das principais influenciadoras da opinião pública, analisamos um corpus de 869 artigos de jornais de grande circulação e o comparamos a 344 artigos de mídias pró e antiprivatização. A análise, quantitativa e qualitativa, mostrou como a imprensa restringe o campo lexical das privatizações às empresas e aos negócios, sugerindo o discurso de que as telecomunicações são como qualquer outro negócio e tornando desnecessária sua discussão com a sociedade. A análise das principais colocações também mostrou como a privatização vem sendo representada como um marco histórico. A pesquisa contribui de duas maneiras para a administração pública e para os estudos organizacionais: traz uma materialidade para a discussão acerca das representações da privatização e apresenta uma metodologia de análise discursiva com base em grandes coleções de documentos. Resumen El artículo analiza la representación discursiva de los medios escritos hegemónicos sobre la privatización de las telecomunicaciones en Brasil. Desde la redemocratización política del país, la privatización de las empresas estatales ha permanecido en la agenda de los gobiernos de diferentes posiciones ideológicas. Asumiendo que la prensa convencional es uno de los principales influenciadores de la opinión pública, analizamos un corpus de 869 artículos de periódicos de amplia circulación y lo comparamos con 344 artículos de medios pro y antiprivatización. El análisis, cuantitativo y cualitativo, mostró cómo la prensa restringe el campo léxico de la privatización a empresas y negocios, sugiriendo el discurso de que las telecomunicaciones son como cualquier otro negocio y haciendo innecesaria su discusión con la sociedad. El análisis de las principales colocaciones también mostró cómo la privatización ha sido representada como un hito histórico. La investigación contribuye de dos maneras a la administración pública y a los estudios organizacionales: aporta materialidad a la discusión sobre las representaciones de la privatización y presenta una metodología de análisis discursivo basada en grandes colecciones de documentos. Abstract This paper analyzes the discursive representation of the hegemonic written media on the privatization of telecommunications in Brazil. Since the country’s political re-democratization, the privatization of state-owned companies has remained on the agenda of governments from different ideological positions. Assuming the mainstream media as one of the leading influencers of public opinion, we analyzed a corpus of 869 articles from widely circulated newspapers and compared it to 344 articles in pro and anti-privatization media. The quantitative and qualitative analysis showed how the press restricts the lexical field of privatization to companies and businesses, suggesting the discourse that telecommunications is like any other business, which renders its discussion with society unnecessary. The analysis of the main collocations also showed how privatization has been represented as a historic landmark. The research contributes in two ways to public administration and organizational studies: it brings materiality to the discussion about the representations of privatization and presents a methodology of discursive analysis based on extensive collection of documents.

Objectives The involvement of individuals and communities in health decision-making is enshrined in WHO policies. However, migrant groups are under-represented in health decision-making processes. Our aim was to explore migrants' involvement in health policy, service development and research in the WHO European Region to identify levers for inclusive and meaningful practice. Methods We conducted a narrative review of grey literature and peer-reviewed research on migrants' involvement in health decision-making across the 53 countries in WHO Europe. We searched for articles published in English between 2010 and the present in two electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus), IOM MIPEX Health Strand country reports, the EU SOPHIE project and using a Google advanced search. Findings were analysed descriptively and using Normalisation Process Theory to investigate levers and barriers to implementation of policy into practice. Results Of 1,444 articles retrieved, 79 met the inclusion criteria. We identified 20 policies promoting migrants' involvement, but national-level policies were present in only two countries. We identified 59 examples of migrants' involvement in practice from half of the WHO Europe countries (n=27). Our Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) analysis of 14 peer-reviewed empirical papers found that participatory research approaches are a lever to putting policy into practice in a meaningful way. Conclusions Migrants' involvement in health decision-making requires explicit national policies that are implemented evenly across policy making, service provider and research activities in all countries in the WHO European Region. Participatory approaches to involvement activities are encouraged because they are a lever to perceived barriers to migrants' involvement.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions have revolutionized our world, using extensive datasets and computational resources to create automatic tools for complex tasks that, until now, have been performed by humans. Massive data is a fundamental aspect of the most powerful AI-based algorithms. However, for AI-based healthcare solutions, there are several socioeconomic, technical/infrastructural, and most importantly, legal restrictions, which limit the large collection and access of biomedical data, especially medical imaging. To overcome this important limitation, several alternative solutions have been suggested, including transfer learning approaches, generation of artificial data, adoption of blockchain technology, and creation of an infrastructure composed of anonymous and abstract data. However, none of these strategies is currently able to completely solve this challenge. The need to build large datasets that can be used to develop healthcare solutions deserves special attention from the scientific community, clinicians, all the healthcare players, engineers, ethicists, legislators, and society in general. This paper offers an overview of the data limitation in medical predictive models; its impact on the development of healthcare solutions; benefits and barriers of sharing data; and finally, suggests future directions to overcome data limitations in the medical field and enable AI to enhance healthcare. This perspective is dedicated to the technical requirements of the learning models, and it explains the limitation that comes from poor and small datasets in the medical domain and the technical options that try or can solve the problem related to the lack of massive healthcare data.

Introduction Since Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) categorization in fibrotic and nonfibrotic/inflammatory types seems to be more consistent with the distinctive clinical course and outcomes, recent international guidelines recommended the use of this classification. Moreover, fibrotic subtype may share immunogenetic and pathophysiological mechanisms with other fibrotic lung diseases. Aim To investigate HLA -A, -B, -DRB1 and TNF-α –308 gene polymorphisms among fibrotic and nonfibrotic HP patients due to avian exposure, also in comparison with asymptomatic exposed controls. Methods We prospectively enrolled 40 HP patients, classified as fibrotic or nonfibrotic/inflammatory, and 70 exposed controls. HLA and TNF-α polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction–sequence specific primer amplification. Results While HLA alleles were not associated to HP susceptibility, fibrotic HP patients showed increased frequencies of HLA A*02 (46.7% vs 25.7%; OR=2.53, p = 0.02) and HLA DRB1*14 (10.0% vs 0.7%; OR=15.44, p=0.02) alleles when compared with exposed controls, although not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. TNF-α G/G genotype (associated with low TNF-α production) frequencies were significantly increased among the non-fibrotic/inflammatory HP patients comparatively to fibrotic presentations (88% vs 60%; RR=0.44; p=0.04) and controls (88% vs 63%, OR 4.33, p=0.037). Also, these patients had a significantly increased frequency of the G allele (94.0% vs 73.3%, RR=0.44, p=0.01), while fibrotic HP patients predominantly presented the A allele (26.7% vs 6.0%, RR=2.28, p=0.01). Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that fibrotic and non-fibrotic HP subtypes exhibit a distinct profile of TNF-α and HLA polymorphisms, which may be relevant to predict disease course and better define treatment strategies.

Estimates of Chagas disease (CD) seroprevalence in the Americas vary greatly. We lack an accurate representation of the state of the disease in this region for various reasons including intranational variability in prevalence and a lack of standardized diagnostic approaches. The goal of this review is to generate an estimate of CD burden in the Americas, by performing a systematic review of recent prevalence papers published after major vector control initiatives. Community-based CD screening programs that focus on a third- to fourth-level administrative division basis are more representative of the prevalence of CD in a particular region of a country. We evaluate T. cruzi seroprevalence at a subnational level in the Americas with information published from 2004 to 2018 and discuss the context behind the heavy variation in CD prevalence. We also suggest a solution for standardization of data reporting for future publications.

Chagas disease (CD), caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, leads to severe cardiomyopathy in 20-30% of patients, whereas the remainder may stay asymptomatic and never develop cardiomyopathy or other clinical manifestations. The underlying cause for this variable outcome is not fully characterized, although previous studies have found high levels of circulating mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to be associated with cardiac failure echocardiographic changes. We report three indeterminate (asymptomatic) chronic Chagas patients who were followed up for 10 years. Two of these patients developed chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) during this follow-up period and, when genotyped, were found to be carriers of the high MBL producer HYPA/HYPA genotype, suggesting that genetically determined high MBL serum might be associated with the risk of CCC development. These results suggest the use of MBL quantification and MBL2 genotyping as tools for clinical assessment in patients with chronic CD.

Conventional injection molding (CIM) technology has been largely used to produce plastic parts, mainly on automotive industry, due to high production ratios, constricted dimensional tolerances production, and low labor costs. Nowadays, industry has been demanding for thinner and lighter molded parts production, with better mechanical properties. Low mold temperatures (≈60oC) are used to decrease the cycle molding time and process final costs. However, the fast cooling of parts can easily result in surface defects, such as weld lines, sink marks, or warpage. To avoid such defects and eliminate the need for secondary operations (additional operating costs), a dynamic mold heating and cooling control technology known as Rapid Heating and Cooling Molding (RHCM) can be employed. Based on RHCM, this study compared the efficiency of using heating rods, water flow, and external infrared heating systems to investigate the effect of dynamic temperature control on the injection molding process. An experimental injection mold was manufactured and used for the studies under controlled conditions to produce standard tensile and flexure specimens. The effect of process parameters, geometry of the runner system, location of the injection point, and other relevant settings was considered. From this study, new insights were obtained regarding the industrial application of RHCM as well as the degree of efficiency of different design solutions for the RHCM process.

The evolution of personalized medicine has changed the therapeutic strategy from classical chemotherapy and radiotherapy to a genetic modification targeted therapy, and although biopsy is the traditional method to genetically characterize lung cancer tumor, it is an invasive and painful procedure for the patient. Nodule image features extracted from computed tomography (CT) scans have been used to create machine learning models that predict gene mutation status in a noninvasive, fast, and easy-to-use manner. However, recent studies have shown that radiomic features extracted from an extended region of interest (ROI) beyond the tumor, might be more relevant to predict the mutation status in lung cancer, and consequently may be used to significantly decrease the mortality rate of patients battling this condition. In this work, we investigated the relation between image phenotypes and the mutation status of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), the most frequently mutated gene in lung cancer with several approved targeted-therapies, using radiomic features extracted from the lung containing the nodule. A variety of linear, nonlinear, and ensemble predictive classification models, along with several feature selection methods, were used to classify the binary outcome of wild-type or mutant EGFR mutation status. The results show that a comprehensive approach using a ROI that included the lung with nodule can capture relevant information and successfully predict the EGFR mutation status with increased performance compared to local nodule analyses. Linear Support Vector Machine, Elastic Net, and Logistic Regression, combined with the Principal Component Analysis feature selection method implemented with 70% of variance in the feature set, were the best-performing classifiers, reaching Area Under the Curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.725 to 0.737. This approach that exploits a holistic analysis indicates that information from more extensive regions of the lung containing the nodule allows a more complete lung cancer characterization and should be considered in future radiogenomic studies.

Aims To investigate whether FCN3 polymorphisms and circulating ficolin-3 levels were associated with clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease (CD) and to assess their potential use as biomarkers for the disease or its severity. Methods and results FCN3 polymorphisms (g.1637delC (rs532781899) in exon 5; g.3524_3532insTATTTGGCC (rs28362807) in intron 5 and g.4473C > A) (rs4494157) in intron 7) were determined in 178 chronic CD patients (65 asymptomatic, 68 cardiac, 21 digestive and 24 cardiodigestive), and 285 healthy controls by sequence-specific PCR. Ficolin-3 serum levels, measured by ELISA in 80 patients and 80 controls, did not differ between groups. On the other hand, ficolin-3 levels were positively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (P = .002; r = .5), with lower levels associated with increased risk of cardiac insufficiency (P = .033; OR 7.21, 95%IC 1.17-44.4). Ficolin-3 levels were positively correlated with ficolin-2 (P = .021; r = .63), and negatively with MBL (P = .002; r = -.36) and pentraxin-3 (P = .04; r = -.32) levels. No significant results were observed for the investigated FCN3 polymorphisms and CD. The g.1637del/1637C heterozygotes presented lower ficolin-3 levels than g.1637C/1637C homozygotes in the control group (P = .023). Conclusion Low ficolin-3 levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of cardiac insufficiency associated with CD.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors were approved for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Despite improved survival, not all patients benefit from these agents. Here, the prognostic impact of pretreatment modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was assessed. From 77 patients included, 83.2% received at least one prior systemic therapy. Immune-related adverse events (irAE) occurred in 20 patients. A lower mGPS was associated with higher median overall survival (OS), and a lower Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), irAE and fewer metastatic sites with better survival. A trend towards greater OS and progression-free survival (PFS) was stated among patients with NLR5. mGPS 0 was associated with better survival; ≥3 metastatic sites with worse PFS and OS; ECOG2 with worse OS and irAE with better survival. Pretreatment mGPS seems to be useful for predicting survival among advanced NSCLC patients treated with anti-programmed cell death 1 drugs, with ECOG performance status, irAE occurrence, and number of metastatic sites acting as survival predictors.

PD‐L1 expression in MTC is hot topic since, if it is demonstrated that PD‐L1 is highly expressed in this cancer, thus immunotherapy against checkpoint inhibitors could become an important therapeutic tool in MTC treatment. To answer this question, we evaluated PD‐L1 expression in MCT tumour tissues, using an anti‐PD‐L1 22C3 antibody and found a high expression in 6 of the 8 patients (75%). Similarly, two other recent studies reported a higher PD‐L1 expression. According to our results, MTC cells present a significative PD‐L1 expression, raising the hypothesis that immunotherapy, such as pembrolizumab, could have a role on MCT treatment. The authors believe this is a fundamental question and may impact the future of MTC treatment.

Introduction. The use of sexual orientation and marital status as criteria for access to fertility treatments varies across countries, being recently discarded in Portugal. This originated a discussion on whether priority should be given to heterosexual married couples when resources are in short supply, causing controversy. Policy and practice aligned with public views are needed to ensure access to equitable and high-quality care. However, the opinions of the key stakeholders involved in gamete donation are rarely addressed. Methods. Between July 2017 and June 2018, 171 recipients and 72 donors attending the Portuguese Public Bank of Gametes completed a self-report questionnaire to analyse their opinions about the use of sexual orientation and marital status as priority criteria for accessing fertility treatments, and its associated factors. Results. Most participants disagreed with priority of access to fertility treatments by heterosexual couples or by married women (60%). Men and recipients were more likely to agree with priority of access for heterosexual couples. Agreement with priority of access for married women was more frequent among men, participants who were married/cohabiting and those who had lower white-collar or blue-collar occupations. Conclusions. Donors and recipients have differing and complex opinions regarding priority of access to fertility treatments based on sexual orientation and marital status. To overturn the heteronormative representations and a marriage hierarchy underlying misconceptions about parenting abilities of same-sex couples and single women, and fears regarding a decrease in the quality of care, it is crucial to implement communication campaigns and surveillance systems. This study was co-funded by a national funding from the Foundation for Science and Technology—FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education); the Operational Programmes Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE 2020) and Human Capital (POCH), Portugal 2020; and the European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund, under the project “Bionetworking and citizENship on GAmetE Donation (ENGAgED)” (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016762; Ref. FCT PTDC/IVC-ESCT/6294/2014), the Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit) (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006862; Ref. FCT UID/DTP/04750/2013), the PhD grant SFRH/BD/111686/2015 (IB), the DL57/2016/CP1336/CT0001 (CF) and the FCT Investigator contract IF/01674/2015 (SS). The funding body had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.

Introduction International policy imperatives for the public and patient involvement in the governance of health data coexist with conflicting cross-border policies on data sharing. This can challenge the planning and implementation of participatory data governance in healthcare services locally. Engaging with local stakeholders and understanding how their needs, values and preferences for governing health data can be articulated with policies made at the supranational level is crucial. This paper describes a protocol for a project that aims to coproduce a people-centred model for involving patients and the public in decision-making processes about the use and sharing of health data for rare diseases care and research. Methods and analysis This multidisciplinary project draws on an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study. A hospital-based survey with patients, informal carers, health professionals and technical staff recruited at two reference centres for rare diseases in Portugal will be conducted first. The qualitative study will follow consisting of semi-structured interviews and scenario-based workshops with a subsample of the participant groups recruited at baseline. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Inductive and deductive approaches will be combined to analyse the qualitative interviews. Data from scenario-based workshops will be iteratively compared using the constant comparison method to identify cross-cutting themes and categories. Ethics and dissemination The Ethics Committee for Health from the University Hospital Centre São João/Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto approved the study protocol (Ref. 99/19). Research findings will be disseminated at academic conferences and science promotion events, and through public meetings involving patient representatives, practitioners, policy-makers and students, a project website and peer-reviewed journal publications. This work is funded by FEDER through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation and national funding from the Foundation for Science and Technology – FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education) (Ref. POCI-01–0145-FEDER-032194), under the project 'Public and patient involvement in health data governance: a people-centred approach to data protection in genetic diseases' (Ref. FCT PTDC/SOC-SOC/32194/2017) and the Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit) (Ref. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB/04750/2020/PT), the individual contract grant DL57/2016/CP1336/CT0001 (CDF) and the individual contract grant IF/01674/2015 (SS).

Background Early breastfeeding practices are important determinants of later breastfeeding behaviors and can be influenced by multiple factors. Despite the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative reported positive influence on breastfeeding initiation, its influence on the association between maternal country of birth and first day in-hospital breastfeeding has not been examined. Research aims To determine (1) if association between maternal country of birth and first day in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding exists in Portugal and (2) if any association is affected by giving birth in a Baby-Friendly Hospital. Methods Data were drawn from baMBINO—a longitudinal, 2017–2019 nationwide study designed to assess the perinatal health and healthcare experiences of migrant and native Portuguese women. Data from participants (N = 5,340) were collected during their hospital stay from 32 maternity units. Missing data were handled through multiple imputation. After stratifying by Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative accreditation, a multivariate logistic regression was performed. Results First day in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding rates were high among both migrant and native participants (89.2% vs. 87.4%). Migrants were more likely to exclusively breastfeed when compared to natives (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.00, 1.41]). In non-Baby-Friendly Hospitals, a positive association was found between participants from Eastern European countries (aOR = 2.46, 95% CI [1.27, 4.78]) and first day in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding. In accredited hospitals, maternal country of birth did not influence exclusive breastfeeding during the first 24 hr. Conclusions The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative attenuates differences between migrant and native participants, promoting optimal breastfeeding practices among natives. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study is funded by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization, and by national funds of FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, under the scope of the project “Perinatal Health in Migrants: Barriers, Incentives and Outcomes” (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016874; PTDC/DTPSAP/6384/2014), the Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit) (info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB/04750/2020/PT), the PhD grant PD/BD/128082/2016 (CL) co-funded by the FCT and Human Potential Operating Program of the European Social Fund (POPH/FSE Program) and the contract DL57/2016/CP1336/CT0001 (CF).

Actinomycosis is a rare chronic infection triggered by species of Actinomyces. Although thoracic involvement represents about 15% of human actinomycosis, its true incidence may be underestimated, not only because of its challenging diagnosis, but also because it can be treated unintentionally with antibiotics for other diseases. In this sense, this work aims at providing an up-to-date literature review on thoracic actinomycoses, with particular emphasis on presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, also paving upcoming clinical interventions from findings obtained of a presentation of a case series. Data discussed here clearly denote the rarity, non-specificity and heterogeneity of clinical presentations of the disease, reinforcing the need for individualized therapeutic approaches.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, which compromises the synovial membrane resulting in chronic inflammation. Ficolins are key proteins of the lectin pathway of complement able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, apoptotic cells, and cellular debris mediating the clearance by phagocytes. High ficolin-1 and ficolin-3 levels have been observed in RA patients, however, the influence of polymorphisms in the

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie The Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute is a confessional institution that joined UNESCO in 2003, being part of the PEA Network and following the 2030 Agenda. UNESCO proposes some themes to be worked with students that refer to issues of the planet, people, society and peace, prosperity and partnership. It is problematized in this research, how a confessional school that follows the 2030 Agenda can contribute to an integral education of students. The objective was to show how the pedagogical activities of a confessional school can be articulated with the questions proposed by UNESCO. The concept of integral education was that of Anísio Teixeira. School education proposal emancipating individuals and society. It was decided to construct the problematization in two parts, the first being composed of discussions about UNESCO and its action plans, presented the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the goals of the 2030 Agenda and the themes proposed by the PEA Network. Also go through the history of the Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, to intertwine with the 2030 Agenda. The second part, presentation of the work carried out by this confessional school that joined UNESCO and the proposals for sustainable development. After analysis, it was considered that both the institution and the organization value quality education and the integral training of human beings, as well as making the human being a person committed to social good, to solidary and community life. O Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie é uma instituição confessional que se associou a UNESCO, em 2003, fazendo parte da Rede PEA e seguindo a Agenda 2030. A UNESCO propõe alguns temas a serem trabalhados com alunos que se referem a questões do planeta, das pessoas, da paz, da prosperidade e da parceria. Problematiza-se nesta pesquisa, como uma escola confessional que segue a Agenda 2030 pode contribuir para uma educação integral dos educandos. O objetivo foi mostrar como as atividades pedagógicas de uma escola confessional podem se articular com as questões propostas pela UNESCO. A concepção de educação integral foi a de Anísio Teixeira. Proposta de educação escolar emancipadora de indivíduos e sociedade. Optou-se construir a problematização em duas partes, sendo que a primeira, composta por discussão sobre a UNESCO e seus planos de ação, apresentados pelos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), as metas da Agenda 2030 e os temas propostos pela Rede PEA. Também percorrer pela história do Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie, para entrelaçar com a Agenda 2030. A segunda parte, apresentação do trabalho realizado por essa escola confessional que se associou a UNESCO e as propostas para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Considerou-se após análise que tanto a instituição quanto a organização prezam pela educação de qualidade e a formação integral do ser humano, como também fazem com que o ser humana seja uma pessoa compromissada com o bem social, com a vida solidária e comunitária.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, present a higher risk of developing other chronic diseases, which may contribute to CD severity. Since CD is underreported in the southern state of Paraná, Brazil, we aimed to characterize clinical and epidemiological aspects of individuals chronically infected with T. cruzi in Southern Brazil. METHODS: A community hospital-based study was performed, recording clinical/demographic characteristics of 237 patients with CD from Southern Brazil. To estimate the association between different forms of CD and sociodemographic and clinical variables, multiple logistic regression models were built using the Akaike information criterion. RESULTS: Mean age was 57.5 years and 59% were females. Most patients’ (60%) place of origin/birth was within Paraná and they were admitted to the CD outpatient clinic after presenting with cardiac/digestive symptoms (64%). The predominant form of CD was cardiac (53%), followed by indeterminate (36%), and digestive (11%). The main electrocardiographic changes were in the right bundle branch block (39%) and left anterior fascicular block (32%). The average number of comorbidities per patient was 3.9±2.3; systemic arterial hypertension was most common (64%), followed by dyslipidemia (34%) and diabetes (19%); overlapping comorbidities were counted separately. Male sex was associated with symptomatic cardiac CD (OR=2.92; 95%CI: 1.05-8.12; p=0.040). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided greater understanding of the distribution and clinical profile of CD patients in Southern Brazil, indicating a high prevalence of comorbidities among these patients who are a vulnerable group due to advanced age and substantial risk of morbidity.

EGFR and KRAS are the most frequently mutated genes in lung cancer, being active research topics in targeted therapy. Biopsy is the traditional method to genetically characterise a tumour. However, it is a risky procedure, painful for the patient, and, occasionally, the tumour might be inaccessible. This work aims to study and debate the nature of the relationships between imaging phenotypes and lung cancer-related mutation status. Until now, the literature has failed to point to new research directions, mainly consisting of results-oriented works in a field where there is still not enough available data to train clinically viable models. We intend to open a discussion about critical points and to present new possibilities for future radiogenomics studies. We conducted high-dimensional data visualisation and developed classifiers, which allowed us to analyse the results for EGFR and KRAS biological markers according to different combinations of input features. We show that EGFR mutation status might be correlated to CT scans imaging phenotypes, however, the same does not seem to hold true for KRAS mutation status. Also, the experiments suggest that the best way to approach this problem is by combining nodule-related features with features from other lung structures.

EnglishIn this paper we use a set of syntactic and semantic features of Portuguese to automatically classify literary works in literary periods and/or schools, and address the issue of their appropriateness, for two different literary collections. The first task attempts to replicate the work by Barufaldi and colleagues, who applied compression methods on 37 Brazilian works by 15 different authors and classified the works in 4 different literary schools. The second collection, of 192 novels published in Portugal and Brazil in the period 1840 to 1919, features many works who cannot be singly accomodated in one literary school only, and which have been (not mutually exclusively) classified as romantic, realist, naturalist, symbolist, decadent and modernist. We use classification techniques in R, such as discriminant analysis and support vector models for the first task, and correspondence analysis for the second collection. We also apply topic modeling to (distinct subsets of) the second collection in order to investigate whether this technique can provide us with recurrent topics for different literary schools. portuguesNeste artigo usamos um conjunto de caracteristicas sintatico-semânticas da lingua portuguesa para classificar em periodos literarios dois conjuntos de obras. Em que medida tais caracteristicas sao capazes de refletir distincoes relevantes no âmbito dos estudos literarios e uma das questoes que pretendemos investigar. O primeiro grupo de obras corresponde a replicacao do trabalho relatado em 2009 por Barufaldi et al., que usaram metodos de compressao de dados sobre uma serie de obras brasileiras classificadas em quatro periodos literarios: barroco, arcadismo, romantismo e realismo, desde o Padre Antonio Vieira ate Raul Pompeia, contabilizando 15 autores diferentes e totalizando 37 obras. O segundo grupo inclui muito mais obras (192), tanto portuguesas como brasileiras, mas apenas integra romances ou novelas publicadas no periodo de 1840 a 1919. As escolas literarias escolhidas foram o realismo, o romantismo, o simbolismo, o naturalismo, o decadentismo e o modernismo, mas, ao contrario da classificacao anterior, permitimos que uma mesma obra pertenca a varias escolas. Usamos tecnicas de classificacao em R para a primeira tarefa, e analise de correspondencias para a segunda. Tambem aplicamos tecnicas de modelos de topicos a segunda colecao para ver se e possivel obter topicos representativos de escolas literarias diferentes.

Resumo No Brasil oitocentista evidenciou-se a emergência de instituições assistenciais. Por meio delas, os estados provinciais projetaram membros das elites políticas e econômicas nomeando-os grandes benfeitores. Homens de notoriedade local desempenharam papel na construção de determinados espaços asilares por meio de práticas que ratificaram seu prestígio social não apenas entre seus pares e para sua época, mas também para a memória e a história das instituições às quais estavam vinculadas. O artigo problematiza a construção de três instituições assistenciais no Ceará: Asilo de Mendicidade, Colônia Orfanológica Cristina e Asilo de Alienados São Vicente de Paula, cuja tônica discursiva e ações filantrópicas estavam inseridas no cenário da grande seca de 1877-1879.

Background Breastfeeding provides benefits for children, mothers, society and the environment. The promotion of optimal breastfeeding, from an early stage in life is, therefore, a public health priority. Infant feeding can be influenced by maternal country of birth. However, studies carried out in European settings point to inconsistent findings. This study aims to compare first day in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding among migrant and native women in Portugal. Methods This study is based on a national project on perinatal health among migrants and natives in Portugal (baMBINO). Out of 39 public maternity units in mainland Portugal, 32 were enrolled. Women aged 18 years old or older with a live birth were recruited. The final sample included 5109 participants (2431 natives and 2678 migrants). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between maternal country of birth and in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding. Results Migrant participants included women from Portuguese-speaking African countries (PSAC) (49,7%), Brazil (18%), Eastern Europe (10.2%), other European countries (9.6%), Asia (5.5%) and other countries (7.0%). No differences were found between migrants and natives, with the exception of women from PSAC who were more likely to exclusively breastfeed during the first day of hospital stay (aOR 1.34 CI95% 1.05-1.72), irrespective of maternal age, education, parity, type of pregnancy, reproductive assistance, tobacco use, gestational age, newborn birth weight, mode of delivery and antenatal care. Conclusions In Portugal, women from PSAC are more likely to exclusively breastfeed their babies during the first day of hospital stay when compared to native women. Strategies to maintain healthy breastfeeding practices in this population are fundamental. Key messages Women from PSAC are more likely to breastfeed exclusively in the first day after delivery than Portuguese natives. They should be supported in the maintenance of optimal breastfeeding practices.

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