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101. Synergizing Deep Learning and Phase Change Materials for Four-state Broadband Multifunctional Metasurfaces in the Visible Range

Author: Karim, Md. Ehsanul, Karim, Md. Redwanul, and Choudhury, Sajid Muhaimin
Subjects: Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: In this article, we report, for the first time, broadband multifunctional metasurfaces with more than four distinct functionalities. The constituent meta-atoms combine two different phase change materials, $\mathrm{VO_2}$ and $\mathrm{Sb_2S_3}$ in a multi-stage configuration. FDTD simulations demonstrate a broadband reflection amplitude switching between the four states in visible range due to the enhanced cavity length modulation effect from the cascaded Fabry-Perot cavities, overcoming the inherent small optical contrast between the phase change material (PCM) states. This, along with the reflection phase control between the four states, allows us to incorporate both amplitude and phase-dependent properties in the same metasurface - achromatic deflection, wavelength beam splitting, achromatic focusing, and broadband absorption, overcoming the limitations of previous functionality switching mechanisms for the visible band. We have used a Tandem Neural network-based inverse design scheme to ensure the stringent requirements of different states are realized. We have used two forward networks for predicting the reflection amplitude and phase for a meta-atom within the pre-defined design space. The excellent prediction capability of these surrogate models is utilized to train the reverse network. The inverse design network, trained with a labeled data set, is capable of producing the optimized meta-units given the desired figure-of-merits in terms of reflection amplitude and phase for the four states. The optical characteristics of two inverse-designed metasurfaces have been evaluated as test cases for two different sets of design parameters in the four states. Both structures demonstrate the four desired broadband functionalities while closely matching the design requirements, suggesting their potential in visible-range portable medical imaging devices.
Published: 2024
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102. Destabilization of Alzheimers Amyloid-beta Protofibrils by Bai-calein: Mechanistic Insights from All-atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Author: Choudhury, Sadika and Dasmahapatra, Ashok Kumar
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder; it is the most common form of de-mentia and the fifth leading cause of death globally. Aggregation and deposition of neurotoxic A-beta fibrils in the neural tissues of the brain is a key hallmark in the pathogenesis of AD. Desta-bilisation studies of the amyloid-peptide by various natural molecules are of the utmost rele-vance due to their enormous potential as neuroprotective and therapeutic agents for AD. We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the U-shaped pentamers of amyloidogenic protofilament intermediates to investigate the destabilisation mechanism in the presence of Bai-calein (BCL), a naturally occurring flavonoid. We found that the BCL molecule formed strong hydrophobic contacts with non-polar residues of the protofibril. Upon binding, it competed with the native hydrophobic contacts of the A-beta protein. BCL loosened the tight packing of the hydrophobic core of the protofibril by disrupting the inter-chain salt bridges and hydrogen bonds. The decrease in the structural stability of A-beta protofibrils was confirmed through the en-hanced root mean square deviation (RMSD), radius of gyration and solvent accessible surface area (SASA), and reduced beta-sheet content. PCA indicated that the presence of the BCL mole-cule intensified protofibril motions, particularly affecting residues in Chain A and B regions. Our findings propose that BCL would be a potent destabiliser of A-beta protofilament, and may be considered as a therapeutic agent in treating AD., Comment: 60 pages, 20 figures
Published: 2024

103. Measurements of the branching fractions of $\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\pi^{0}$, $\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\eta$, and $\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\eta^{\prime}$ and asymmetry parameter of $\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\pi^{0}$

Author: Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaleta, M., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, L. K., Li, S. X., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liptak, Z., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mohanty, G. B., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niiyama, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schneider, S., Schnepf, M., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Solovieva, E., Song, W., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Vossen, A., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y. M., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present a study of $\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\pi^{0}$, $\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\eta$, and $\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\eta^{\prime}$ decays using the Belle and Belle~II data samples, which have integrated luminosities of 980~$\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ and 426~$\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$, respectively. We measure the following relative branching fractions $${\cal B}(\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\pi^{0})/{\cal B}(\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{-}\pi^{+}) = 0.48 \pm 0.02 ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.03 ({\rm syst}) ,$$ $${\cal B}(\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\eta)/{\cal B}(\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{-}\pi^{+}) = 0.11 \pm 0.01 ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.01 ({\rm syst}) ,$$ $${\cal B}(\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\eta^{\prime})/{\cal B}(\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{-}\pi^{+}) = 0.08 \pm 0.02 ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.01 ({\rm syst}) $$ for the first time, where the uncertainties are statistical ($\rm stat$) and systematic ($\rm syst$). By multiplying by the branching fraction of the normalization mode, ${\mathcal B}(\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{-}\pi^{+})$, we obtain the following absolute branching fraction results $(6.9 \pm 0.3 ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.5 ({\rm syst}) \pm 1.3 ({\rm norm})) \times 10^{-3}$, $(1.6 \pm 0.2 ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.2 ({\rm syst}) \pm 0.3 ({\rm norm})) \times 10^{-3}$, and $(1.2 \pm 0.3 ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.1 ({\rm syst}) \pm 0.2 ({\rm norm})) \times 10^{-3}$, for $\Xi_{c}^{0}$ decays to $\Xi^{0}\pi^{0}$, $\Xi^{0}\eta$, and $\Xi^{0}\eta^{\prime}$ final states, respectively. The third errors are from the uncertainty on ${\mathcal B}(\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{-}\pi^{+})$. The asymmetry parameter for $\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\pi^{0}$ is measured to be $\alpha(\Xi_{c}^{0}\to\Xi^{0}\pi^{0}) = -0.90\pm0.15({\rm stat})\pm0.23({\rm syst})$., Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication by JHEP
Published: 2024
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104. Prethermalization in the PXP Model under Continuous Quasiperiodic Driving

Author: Dutta, Pinaki, Choudhury, Sayan, and Shukla, Vishwanath
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Quantum Physics
Abstract: Motivated by recent experiments realizing long-lived non-equilibrium states in aperiodically driven quantum many-body systems, we investigate the dynamics of a quasiperiodically driven Rydberg atom chain in the strong Rydberg blockage regime. In this regime, the system is kinetically constrained and the `PXP' model describes its dynamics. Even without driving, the PXP model exhibits many-body scarring and resultant persistent oscillations for dynamics originating from the N\'{e}el-ordered initial state. We demonstrate that a rich array of dynamical behaviors emerge when the system is subjected to a continuous drive. In the high-frequency regime, the system exhibits revivals and oscillations for the N\'{e}el ordered initial state both for periodic and quasi-periodic drives. We trace the origin of this non-ergodicity to an effective PXP Hamiltonian for both of these driving protocols in this regime. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the behavior of the fidelity and the entanglement entropy is non-monotonic at low frequencies in the high-amplitude regime. This leads to several re-entrant scarring transitions both for both the N\'{e}el-ordered and the fully polarized initial state. Our results demonstrate that continuous quasi-periodic drive protocols can provide a promising route to realize prethermal phases of matter in kinetically constrained systems., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024

105. CASE: Efficient Curricular Data Pre-training for Building Assistive Psychology Expert Models

Author: Harne, Sarthak, Choudhury, Monjoy Narayan, Rao, Madhav, Srikanth, TK, Mehrotra, Seema, Vashisht, Apoorva, Basu, Aarushi, and Sodhi, Manjit
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: The limited availability of psychologists necessitates efficient identification of individuals requiring urgent mental healthcare. This study explores the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipelines to analyze text data from online mental health forums used for consultations. By analyzing forum posts, these pipelines can flag users who may require immediate professional attention. A crucial challenge in this domain is data privacy and scarcity. To address this, we propose utilizing readily available curricular texts used in institutes specializing in mental health for pre-training the NLP pipelines. This helps us mimic the training process of a psychologist. Our work presents CASE-BERT that flags potential mental health disorders based on forum text. CASE-BERT demonstrates superior performance compared to existing methods, achieving an f1 score of 0.91 for Depression and 0.88 for Anxiety, two of the most commonly reported mental health disorders. Our code and data are publicly available.
Published: 2024

106. Splicing-specific transcriptome-wide association uncovers genetic mechanisms for schizophrenia

Author: Hervoso, Jonatan L, Amoah, Kofi, Dodson, Jack, Choudhury, Mudra, Bhattacharya, Arjun, Quinones-Valdez, Giovanni, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, and Xiao, Xinshu
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Mental Health, Human Genome, Schizophrenia, Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Mental Illness, Serious Mental Illness, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Generic health relevance, Humans, Genome-Wide Association Study, Transcriptome, Alternative Splicing, Exons, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, RNA Splicing, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RNA binding proteins, TWAS, alternative RNA splicing, fine mapping, genetic variations, neurological disorders, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: Recent studies have highlighted the essential role of RNA splicing, a key mechanism of alternative RNA processing, in establishing connections between genetic variations and disease. Genetic loci influencing RNA splicing variations show considerable influence on complex traits, possibly surpassing those affecting total gene expression. Dysregulated RNA splicing has emerged as a major potential contributor to neurological and psychiatric disorders, likely due to the exceptionally high prevalence of alternatively spliced genes in the human brain. Nevertheless, establishing direct associations between genetically altered splicing and complex traits has remained an enduring challenge. We introduce Spliced-Transcriptome-Wide Associations (SpliTWAS) to integrate alternative splicing information with genome-wide association studies to pinpoint genes linked to traits through exon splicing events. We applied SpliTWAS to two schizophrenia (SCZ) RNA-sequencing datasets, BrainGVEX and CommonMind, revealing 137 and 88 trait-associated exons (in 84 and 67 genes), respectively. Enriched biological functions in the associated gene sets converged on neuronal function and development, immune cell activation, and cellular transport, which are highly relevant to SCZ. SpliTWAS variants impacted RNA-binding protein binding sites, revealing potential disruption of RNA-protein interactions affecting splicing. We extended the probabilistic fine-mapping method FOCUS to the exon level, identifying 36 genes and 48 exons as putatively causal for SCZ. We highlight VPS45 and APOPT1, where splicing of specific exons was associated with disease risk, eluding detection by conventional gene expression analysis. Collectively, this study supports the substantial role of alternative splicing in shaping the genetic basis of SCZ, providing a valuable approach for future investigations in this area.
Published: 2024

107. Spatial genomic, biochemical and cellular mechanisms underlying meningioma heterogeneity and evolution

Author: Lucas, Calixto-Hope G, Mirchia, Kanish, Seo, Kyounghee, Najem, Hinda, Chen, William C, Zakimi, Naomi, Foster, Kyla, Eaton, Charlotte D, Cady, Martha A, Choudhury, Abrar, Liu, S John, Phillips, Joanna J, Magill, Stephen T, Horbinski, Craig M, Solomon, David A, Perry, Arie, Vasudevan, Harish N, Heimberger, Amy B, and Raleigh, David R
Subjects: Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Agricultural Biotechnology, Human Genome, Cancer Genomics, Brain Cancer, Precision Medicine, Biotechnology, Cancer, Brain Disorders, Rare Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Meningioma, Humans, Meningeal Neoplasms, Genetic Heterogeneity, DNA Copy Number Variations, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Genomics, Single-Cell Analysis, Cell Proliferation, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Signal Transduction, Cell Line, Tumor, Transcriptome, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Agricultural biotechnology, Bioinformatics and computational biology
Abstract: Intratumor heterogeneity underlies cancer evolution and treatment resistance, but targetable mechanisms driving intratumor heterogeneity are poorly understood. Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and are resistant to all medical therapies, and high-grade meningiomas have significant intratumor heterogeneity. Here we use spatial approaches to identify genomic, biochemical and cellular mechanisms linking intratumor heterogeneity to the molecular, temporal and spatial evolution of high-grade meningiomas. We show that divergent intratumor gene and protein expression programs distinguish high-grade meningiomas that are otherwise grouped together by current classification systems. Analyses of matched pairs of primary and recurrent meningiomas reveal spatial expansion of subclonal copy number variants associated with treatment resistance. Multiplexed sequential immunofluorescence and deconvolution of meningioma spatial transcriptomes using cell types from single-cell RNA sequencing show decreased immune infiltration, decreased MAPK signaling, increased PI3K-AKT signaling and increased cell proliferation, which are associated with meningioma recurrence. To translate these findings to preclinical models, we use CRISPR interference and lineage tracing approaches to identify combination therapies that target intratumor heterogeneity in meningioma cell co-cultures.
Published: 2024

108. MANTA: A Negative-Triangularity NASEM-Compliant Fusion Pilot Plant

Author: MANTA Collaboration, Rutherford, G., Wilson, H. S., Saltzman, A., Arnold, D., Ball, J. L., Benjamin, S., Bielajew, R., de Boucaud, N., Calvo-Carrera, M., Chandra, R., Choudhury, H., Cummings, C., Corsaro, L., DaSilva, N., Diab, R., Devitre, A. R., Ferry, S., Frank, S. J., Hansen, C. J., Jerkins, J., Johnson, J. D., Lunia, P., van de Lindt, J., Mackie, S., Maris, A. D., Mandell, N. R., Miller, M. A., Mouratidis, T., Nelson, A. O., Pharr, M., Peterson, E. E., Rodriguez-Fernandez, P., Segantin, S., Tobin, M., Velberg, A., Wang, A. M., Wigram, M., Witham, J., Paz-Soldan, C., and Whyte, D. G.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: The MANTA (Modular Adjustable Negative Triangularity ARC-class) design study investigated how negative-triangularity (NT) may be leveraged in a compact, fusion pilot plant (FPP) to take a ``power-handling first" approach. The result is a pulsed, radiative, ELM-free tokamak that satisfies and exceeds the FPP requirements described in the 2021 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report ``Bringing Fusion to the U.S. Grid". A self-consistent integrated modeling workflow predicts a fusion power of 450 MW and a plasma gain of 11.5 with only 23.5 MW of power to the scrape-off layer (SOL). This low $P_\text{SOL}$ together with impurity seeding and high density at the separatrix results in a peak heat flux of just 2.8 MW/m$^{2}$. MANTA's high aspect ratio provides space for a large central solenoid (CS), resulting in ${\sim}$15 minute inductive pulses. In spite of the high B fields on the CS and the other REBCO-based magnets, the electromagnetic stresses remain below structural and critical current density limits. Iterative optimization of neutron shielding and tritium breeding blanket yield tritium self-sufficiency with a breeding ratio of 1.15, a blanket power multiplication factor of 1.11, toroidal field coil lifetimes of $3100 \pm 400$ MW-yr, and poloidal field coil lifetimes of at least $890 \pm 40$ MW-yr. Following balance of plant modeling, MANTA is projected to generate 90 MW of net electricity at an electricity gain factor of ${\sim}2.4$. Systems-level economic analysis estimates an overnight cost of US\$3.4 billion, meeting the NASEM FPP requirement that this first-of-a-kind be less than US\$5 billion. The toroidal field coil cost and replacement time are the most critical upfront and lifetime cost drivers, respectively.
Published: 2024

109. Search for the decay $B^{0}\to\gamma\gamma$ using Belle and Belle II data

Author: Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Said, S. Al, Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Belous, K., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasxoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dorner, D., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Han, Y., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Levit, D., Li, L. K., Li, S. X., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liptak, Z., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niiyama, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiiev, I., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schneider, S., Schnell, G., Schnepf, M., Schoenning, K., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Vossen, A., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xie, Y., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y. M., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report the result of a search for the rare decay $B^{0} \to \gamma \gamma$ using a combined dataset of $753\times10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected by the Belle experiment and $387\times10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected by the Belle II experiment from decays of the $\rm \Upsilon(4S)$ resonance produced in $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions. A simultaneous fit to the Belle and Belle II data sets yields $11.0^{+6.5}_{-5.5}$ signal events, corresponding to a 2.5$\sigma$ significance. We determine the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^{0} \to \gamma\gamma) = (3.7^{+2.2}_{-1.8}(\rm stat)\pm0.5(\rm syst))\times10^{-8}$ and set a 90% credibility level upper limit of $\mathcal{B}(B^{0} \to \gamma\gamma) < 6.4\times10^{-8}$., Comment: Published in PRD(L)
Published: 2024
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110. Measurement of the energy dependence of the $e^+e^- \to B\bar{B}$, $B\bar{B}{}^$, and $B^\bar{B}{}^*$ cross sections at Belle~II

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, T., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Bauer, M., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Behera, P. K., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dorner, D., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Garmash, A., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, K., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Hershenhorn, A., Higuchi, T., Hill, E. C., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Ito, S., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kakuno, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kulii, Y., Kuhr, T., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Leitl, P., Leo, P., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, S. X., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lozar, A., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Nisar, N. K., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paladino, A., Panta, A., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Pham, F., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Privalov, S., Purwar, H., Rad, N., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Ravindran, K., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Ripp-Baudot, I., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sahoo, D., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Sangal, A., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schneider, S., Schnepf, M., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Smith, K., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stottler, Z. S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Toutounji, N., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varner, G. S., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report measurements of the $e^+e^- \to B\bar{B}$, $B\bar{B}{}^*$, and $B^*\bar{B}{}^*$ cross sections at four energies, 10653, 10701, 10746 and 10805 MeV, using data collected by the Belle~II experiment. We reconstruct one $B$ meson in a large number of hadronic final states and use its momentum to identify the production process. In the first $2-5$ MeV above $B^*\bar{B}{}^*$ threshold, the $e^+e^- \to B^*\bar{B}{}^*$ cross section increases rapidly. This may indicate the presence of a pole close to the threshold., Comment: 30 pages, 15 figures, version accepted by JHEP
Published: 2024

111. Benchmarks Underestimate the Readiness of Multi-lingual Dialogue Agents

Author: Lee, Andrew H., Semnani, Sina J., Castillo-López, Galo, de Chalendar, Gäel, Choudhury, Monojit, Dua, Ashna, Kavitha, Kapil Rajesh, Kim, Sungkyun, Kodali, Prashant, Kumaraguru, Ponnurangam, Lombard, Alexis, Moradshahi, Mehrad, Park, Gihyun, Semmar, Nasredine, Seo, Jiwon, Shen, Tianhao, Shrivastava, Manish, Xiong, Deyi, and Lam, Monica S.
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: Creating multilingual task-oriented dialogue (TOD) agents is challenging due to the high cost of training data acquisition. Following the research trend of improving training data efficiency, we show for the first time, that in-context learning is sufficient to tackle multilingual TOD. To handle the challenging dialogue state tracking (DST) subtask, we break it down to simpler steps that are more compatible with in-context learning where only a handful of few-shot examples are used. We test our approach on the multilingual TOD dataset X-RiSAWOZ, which has 12 domains in Chinese, English, French, Korean, Hindi, and code-mixed Hindi-English. Our turn-by-turn DST accuracy on the 6 languages range from 55.6% to 80.3%, seemingly worse than the SOTA results from fine-tuned models that achieve from 60.7% to 82.8%; our BLEU scores in the response generation (RG) subtask are also significantly lower than SOTA. However, after manual evaluation of the validation set, we find that by correcting gold label errors and improving dataset annotation schema, GPT-4 with our prompts can achieve (1) 89.6%-96.8% accuracy in DST, and (2) more than 99% correct response generation across different languages. This leads us to conclude that current automatic metrics heavily underestimate the effectiveness of in-context learning.
Published: 2024

112. Watermarking Counterfactual Explanations

Author: Guo, Hangzhi, Choudhury, Firdaus Ahmed, Chen, Tinghua, and Yadav, Amulya
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Statistics - Methodology
Abstract: Counterfactual (CF) explanations for ML model predictions provide actionable recourse recommendations to individuals adversely impacted by predicted outcomes. However, despite being preferred by end-users, CF explanations have been shown to pose significant security risks in real-world applications; in particular, malicious adversaries can exploit CF explanations to perform query-efficient model extraction attacks on the underlying proprietary ML model. To address this security challenge, we propose CFMark, a novel model-agnostic watermarking framework for detecting unauthorized model extraction attacks relying on CF explanations. CFMark involves a novel bi-level optimization problem to embed an indistinguishable watermark into the generated CF explanation such that any future model extraction attacks using these watermarked CF explanations can be detected using a null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) scheme. At the same time, the embedded watermark does not compromise the quality of the CF explanations. We evaluate CFMark across diverse real-world datasets, CF explanation methods, and model extraction techniques. Our empirical results demonstrate CFMark's effectiveness, achieving an F-1 score of ~0.89 in identifying unauthorized model extraction attacks using watermarked CF explanations. Importantly, this watermarking incurs only a negligible degradation in the quality of generated CF explanations (i.e., ~1.3% degradation in validity and ~1.6% in proximity). Our work establishes a critical foundation for the secure deployment of CF explanations in real-world applications.
Published: 2024

113. Computational Investigation of Reactivity Parameters, UV-Vis and IR Spectra, NLO Properties, and Temperature-Dependent Thermodynamic Characteristics of Schiff-Based Interdigitated 5O.m (m=14,16) Liquid Crystalline Compounds: A DFT Analysis

Author: Garg, Kritika, Chakraborty, Adrish, Bhattacharjee, Ayon, Choudhury, Sandip Paul, Kumari, Sunita, and Bhattacharjee, Debanjan
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract: The article studies the different physical, vibrational, nonlinear optical, and thermodynamical properties of higher homologs 5O.m (m = 14,16) liquid crystalline compounds using density functional theory. The optimized structure of 5O.m (m= 14,16) liquid crystals was obtained by using density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP functional and standard basis set 6-31G (d, p). The Infrared spectra (IR), various physical properties such as HOMO-LUMO, nonlinear optical properties (NLO), reactivity parameters, relative energy gaps, and electrostatic potential function are computed and analyzed using the optimized structure of 5O liquid crystal. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) has been used to analyze and obtain UV-Vis spectra for both LC compounds. It is observed that the 5O.m (m=14,16) liquid crystals are showing the lower value of HOMO-LUMO energy gaps as 4.17ev which resulted in some highly fascinating optical and physical properties. Using DFT excellent agreement is observed between all spectrum patterns and the simulated UV-Vis and IR spectra. This article, however, also discussed temperature-dependent thermodynamical properties such as zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE), total thermal energy, total specific heat capacity, rotational constants, and total entropy which enable us to understand the phase transition behavior and specific transition temperatures of different phases, Comment: 24 Pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

114. Test of light-lepton universality in $\tau$ decays with the Belle II experiment

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dorner, D., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Han, Y., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Leo, P., Lemettais, C., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, S. X., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liptak, Z., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, H., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Ninkovic, J., Nishida, S., Novosel, A., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiiev, I., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schwanda, C., Schwickardi, M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present a measurement of the ratio $R_\mu = \mathcal{B}(\tau^-\to \mu^-\bar\nu_\mu\nu_\tau) / \mathcal{B}(\tau^-\to e^-\bar\nu_e\nu_\tau)$ of branching fractions $\mathcal{B}$ of the $\tau$ lepton decaying to muons or electrons using data collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB $e^+e^-$ collider. The sample has an integrated luminosity of $362\!\pm\!2\,\text{fb}^{-1}$ at a centre-of-mass energy of $10.58\,\text{GeV}$. Using an optimised event selection, a binned maximum likelihood fit is performed using the momentum spectra of the electron and muon candidates. The result, $R_\mu = 0.9675 \pm 0.0007 \pm 0.0036$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic, is the most precise to date. It provides a stringent test of the light-lepton universality, translating to a ratio of the couplings of the muon and electron to the $W$ boson in $\tau$ decays of $0.9974 \pm 0.0019$, in agreement with the standard model expectation of unity., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024
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115. Search for Two-Body $B$ Meson Decays to $\Lambda^{0}$ and $\Omega^{(*)0}_{c}$

Author: Belle Collaboration, Savinov, V., Adachi, I., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Ayad, R., Banerjee, Sw., Bennett, J., Bessner, M., Bhardwaj, V., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Borah, J., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheon, B. G., Cho, K., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Dash, N., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., Dhamija, R., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dubey, S., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Ferlewicz, D., Fulsom, B. G., Gaur, V., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Graziani, E., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Hadjivasiliou, C., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hedges, M. T., Hou, W. -S., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jin, Y., Kalita, D., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, R., Kumita, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lange, J. S., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Liventsev, D., Luo, T., Ma, Y., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Maurya, S. K., Meier, F., Merola, M., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Natkaniec, Z., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Russo, G., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shiu, J. -G., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Sumihama, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tiwary, R., Trabelsi, K., Uchida, M., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Varvell, K. E., Wang, E., Watanuki, S., Won, E., Xu, X., Yabsley, B. D., Yan, W., Yin, J. H., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, L., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., and Zhukova, V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report the results of the first search for Standard Model and baryon-number-violating two-body decays of the neutral $B$ mesons to $\Lambda^{0}$ and $\Omega^{(*)0}_c$ using 711~${\rm fb^{-1}}$ of data collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider. We observe no evidence of signal from any such decays and set 95\% confidence-level upper limits on the products of $B^0$ and $\bar{B}^0$ branching fractions for these two-body decays with $\mathcal{B}(\Omega_{c}^{0} \to \pi^+ \Omega^-)$ in the range between 9.5~$\times 10^{-8}$ and 31.2~$\times 10^{-8}$., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PRD(L)
Published: 2024

116. BharatBench: Dataset for data-driven weather forecasting over India

Author: Choudhury, Animesh, Panda, Jagabandhu, and Mukherjee, Asmita
Subjects: Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract: Advanced weather and climate models use numerical techniques on grided meshes to simulate atmospheric and ocean dynamics, which are computationally expensive. Data-driven approaches are gaining popularity in weather and climate modeling, with a broad scope of applications. Although Machine Learning (ML) has been employed in this domain, significant progress has occurred in the past decade, leading to ML applications that are now competitive with traditional numerical methods. This study presents a user-friendly dataset for data-driven medium-range weather forecasting focused on India. The dataset is derived from IMDAA reanalysis datasets and optimized for ML applications. The study provides clear evaluation metrics and a few baseline scores from simple linear regression techniques and deep learning models. The dataset can be found at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/maslab/bharatbench, while the codes are available at https://github.com/MASLABnitrkl/BharatBench. We hope this dataset will boost data-driven weather forecasting over India. We also address limitations in the current evaluation process and future challenges in data-driven weather forecasting.
Published: 2024

117. Search for lepton-flavor-violating $\tau^- \to \mu^-\mu^+\mu^-$ decays at Belle II

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dorner, D., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Harris, C., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Leo, P., Lemettais, C., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, L. K., Li, S. X., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Ninkovic, J., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiev, I., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Reuter, L., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schneider, S., Schwanda, C., Schwickardi, M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Smith, K., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanaka, S., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Vossen, A., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y. M., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the result of a search for the charged-lepton-flavor violating decay $\tau^- \to \mu^-\mu^+\mu^-$ using a $424fb^{-1}$ sample of data recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB $e^{-}e^{+}$ collider. The selection of $e^{-}e^{+}\to\tau^+\tau^-$ events is based on an inclusive reconstruction of the non-signal tau decay, and on a boosted decision tree to suppress background. We observe one signal candidate, which is compatible with the expectation from background processes. We set a $90\%$ confidence level upper limit of $1.9 \times 10^{-8}$ on the branching fraction of the \taumu decay, which is the most stringent bound to date.
Published: 2024

118. Regularized-Renormalized-Resummed loop corrected power spectrum of non-singular bounce with Primordial Black Hole formation

Author: Choudhury, Sayantan, Karde, Ahaskar, Panda, Sudhakar, and SenGupta, Soumitra
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: We present a complete and consistent exposition of the regularization, renormalization, and resummation procedures in the setup of having a contraction and then non-singular bounce followed by inflation with a sharp transition from slow-roll (SR) to ultra-slow roll (USR) phase for generating primordial black holes (PBHs). We consider following an effective field theory (EFT) approach and study the quantum loop corrections to the power spectrum from each phase. We demonstrate the complete removal of quadratic UV divergences after renormalization and softened logarithmic IR divergences after resummation and illustrate the scheme-independent nature of our renormalization approach. We further show that the addition of a contracting and bouncing phase allows us to successfully generate PBHs of solar-mass order, $M_{\rm PBH}\sim {\cal O}(M_{\odot})$, by achieving the minimum e-folds during inflation to be $\Delta N_{\rm Total}\sim {\cal O}(60)$ and in this process successfully evading the strict no-go theorem. We notice that varying the effective sound speed between $0.88\leq c_{s}\leq 1$, allows the peak spectrum amplitude to lie within $10^{-3}\leq A \leq 10^{-2}$, indicating that causality and unitarity remain protected in the theory. We analyse PBHs in the extremely small, $M_{\rm PBH}\sim {\cal O}(10^{-33}-10^{-27})M_{\odot}$, and the large, $M_{\rm PBH}\sim {\cal O}(10^{-6}-10^{-1})M_{\odot}$, mass limits and confront the PBH abundance results with the latest microlensing constraints. We also study the cosmological beta functions across all phases and find their interpretation consistent in the context of bouncing and inflationary scenarios while satisfying the pivot scale normalization requirement. Further, we estimate the spectral distortion effects and shed light on controlling PBH overproduction., Comment: 108 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables, 3 appendices, Comments are welcome, Revised version accepted for publication in European Physical Journal C
Published: 2024

119. From Human Judgements to Predictive Models: Unravelling Acceptability in Code-Mixed Sentences

Author: Kodali, Prashant, Goel, Anmol, Asapu, Likhith, Bonagiri, Vamshi Krishna, Govil, Anirudh, Choudhury, Monojit, Shrivastava, Manish, and Kumaraguru, Ponnurangam
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Current computational approaches for analysing or generating code-mixed sentences do not explicitly model "naturalness" or "acceptability" of code-mixed sentences, but rely on training corpora to reflect distribution of acceptable code-mixed sentences. Modelling human judgement for the acceptability of code-mixed text can help in distinguishing natural code-mixed text and enable quality-controlled generation of code-mixed text. To this end, we construct Cline - a dataset containing human acceptability judgements for English-Hindi (en-hi) code-mixed text. Cline is the largest of its kind with 16,642 sentences, consisting of samples sourced from two sources: synthetically generated code-mixed text and samples collected from online social media. Our analysis establishes that popular code-mixing metrics such as CMI, Number of Switch Points, Burstines, which are used to filter/curate/compare code-mixed corpora have low correlation with human acceptability judgements, underlining the necessity of our dataset. Experiments using Cline demonstrate that simple Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models trained solely on code-mixing metrics are outperformed by fine-tuned pre-trained Multilingual Large Language Models (MLLMs). Specifically, XLM-Roberta and Bernice outperform IndicBERT across different configurations in challenging data settings. Comparison with ChatGPT's zero and fewshot capabilities shows that MLLMs fine-tuned on larger data outperform ChatGPT, providing scope for improvement in code-mixed tasks. Zero-shot transfer from English-Hindi to English-Telugu acceptability judgments using our model checkpoints proves superior to random baselines, enabling application to other code-mixed language pairs and providing further avenues of research. We publicly release our human-annotated dataset, trained checkpoints, code-mix corpus, and code for data generation and model training.
Published: 2024

120. Scalable Learning of Segment-Level Traffic Congestion Functions

Author: Choudhury, Shushman, Kreidieh, Abdul Rahman, Tsogsuren, Iveel, Arora, Neha, Osorio, Carolina, and Bayen, Alexandre
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: We propose and study a data-driven framework for identifying traffic congestion functions (numerical relationships between observations of traffic variables) at global scale and segment-level granularity. In contrast to methods that estimate a separate set of parameters for each roadway, ours learns a single black-box function over all roadways in a metropolitan area. First, we pool traffic data from all segments into one dataset, combining static attributes with dynamic time-dependent features. Second, we train a feed-forward neural network on this dataset, which we can then use on any segment in the area. We evaluate how well our framework identifies congestion functions on observed segments and how it generalizes to unobserved segments and predicts segment attributes on a large dataset covering multiple cities worldwide. For identification error on observed segments, our single data-driven congestion function compares favorably to segment-specific model-based functions on highway roads, but has room to improve on arterial roads. For generalization, our approach shows strong performance across cities and road types: both on unobserved segments in the same city and on zero-shot transfer learning between cities. Finally, for predicting segment attributes, we find that our approach can approximate critical densities for individual segments using their static properties., Comment: Published at IEEE ITSC 2024
Published: 2024

121. Searches for the BSM scenarios at the LHC using decision tree based machine learning algorithms: A comparative study and review of Random Forest, Adaboost, XGboost and LightGBM frameworks

Author: Choudhury, Arghya, Mondal, Arpita, and Sarkar, Subhadeep
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: Machine learning algorithms are now being extensively used in our daily lives, spanning across diverse industries as well as academia. In the field of high energy physics (HEP), the most common and challenging task is separating a rare signal from a much larger background. The boosted decision tree (BDT) algorithm has been a cornerstone of the high energy physics for analyzing event triggering, particle identification, jet tagging, object reconstruction, event classification, and other related tasks for quite some time. This article presents a comprehensive overview of research conducted by both HEP experimental and phenomenological groups that utilize decision tree algorithms in the context of the Standard Model and Supersymmetry (SUSY). We also summarize the basic concept of machine learning and decision tree algorithm along with the working principle of \texttt{Random Forest}, \texttt{AdaBoost} and two gradient boosting frameworks, such as \texttt{XGBoost}, and \texttt{LightGBM}. Using a case study of electroweakino productions at the high luminosity LHC, we demonstrate how these algorithms lead to improvement in the search sensitivity compared to traditional cut-based methods in both compressed and non-compressed R-parity conserving SUSY scenarios. The effect of different hyperparameters and their optimization, feature importance study using SHapley values are also discussed in detail., Comment: 62 pages, 26 figures, 9 tables
Published: 2024

122. 'They are uncultured': Unveiling Covert Harms and Social Threats in LLM Generated Conversations

Author: Dammu, Preetam Prabhu Srikar, Jung, Hayoung, Singh, Anjali, Choudhury, Monojit, and Mitra, Tanushree
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as an integral part of modern societies, powering user-facing applications such as personal assistants and enterprise applications like recruitment tools. Despite their utility, research indicates that LLMs perpetuate systemic biases. Yet, prior works on LLM harms predominantly focus on Western concepts like race and gender, often overlooking cultural concepts from other parts of the world. Additionally, these studies typically investigate "harm" as a singular dimension, ignoring the various and subtle forms in which harms manifest. To address this gap, we introduce the Covert Harms and Social Threats (CHAST), a set of seven metrics grounded in social science literature. We utilize evaluation models aligned with human assessments to examine the presence of covert harms in LLM-generated conversations, particularly in the context of recruitment. Our experiments reveal that seven out of the eight LLMs included in this study generated conversations riddled with CHAST, characterized by malign views expressed in seemingly neutral language unlikely to be detected by existing methods. Notably, these LLMs manifested more extreme views and opinions when dealing with non-Western concepts like caste, compared to Western ones such as race.
Published: 2024

123. Impact of phylogeny on the inference of functional sectors from protein sequence data

Author: Dietler, Nicola, Abbara, Alia, Choudhury, Subham, and Bitbol, Anne-Florence
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Biomolecules, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract: Statistical analysis of multiple sequence alignments of homologous proteins has revealed groups of coevolving amino acids called sectors. These groups of amino-acid sites feature collective correlations in their amino-acid usage, and they are associated to functional properties. Modeling showed that natural selection on an additive functional trait of a protein is generically expected to give rise to a functional sector. These modeling results motivated a principled method, called ICOD, which is designed to identify functional sectors, as well as mutational effects, from sequence data. However, a challenge for all methods aiming to identify sectors from multiple sequence alignments is that correlations in amino-acid usage can also arise from the mere fact that homologous sequences share common ancestry, i.e. from phylogeny. Here, we generate controlled synthetic data from a minimal model comprising both phylogeny and functional sectors. We use this data to dissect the impact of phylogeny on sector identification and on mutational effect inference by different methods. We find that ICOD is most robust to phylogeny, but that conservation is also quite robust. Next, we consider natural multiple sequence alignments of protein families for which deep mutational scan experimental data is available. We show that in this natural data, conservation and ICOD best identify sites with strong functional roles, in agreement with our results on synthetic data. Importantly, these two methods have different premises, since they respectively focus on conservation and on correlations. Thus, their joint use can reveal complementary information.
Published: 2024

124. Tokenization of Real Estate Assets Using Blockchain

Author: Joshi, Shashank and Choudhury, Arhan
Subjects: Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract: Blockchain technology is one of the key technologies that have revolutionized various facets of society, such as the banking, healthcare, and other critical ecosystems. One area that can harness the usage of blockchain is the real estate sector. The most lucrative long-term investment is real estate, followed by gold, equities, mutual funds, and savings accounts. Nevertheless, it has administrative overheads such as lack of transparency, fraud, several intermediaries, title issues, paperwork, an increasing number of arbitrations, and the lack of liquidity. This paper proposes a framework that uses blockchain as an underlying technology. With the aid of blockchain and the suite of tools, it supports many of these problems that can be alleviated in the real estate investment ecosystem. These include smart contracts, immutable record management, tokenization, record tracking, and time-stamped storage. Tokenization of real estate lowers the entry barrier by fixing liquidity and interoperability and improving the interaction between various stakeholders.
Published: 2024
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125. Evolving wormhole geometry from dark matter energy density

Author: Rahaman, Farook and Choudhury, Bikramarka S
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We analyze traversable wormholes defined by the dynamic line elements that asymptotically approaches Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe. This dynamical wormholes is supported by the galactic dark matter as well as perfect isotropic fluid. We will discuss several evolving Lorentzian wormholes comprising with different perfect isotropic fluids in addition to various scale factors. We will speculate the various significance, features and throat energy conditions for these evolving traversable Lorentzian wormholes., Comment: Paper is accepted for publication in 'The European Physical Journal C'
Published: 2024
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126. Ethical Reasoning and Moral Value Alignment of LLMs Depend on the Language we Prompt them in

Author: Agarwal, Utkarsh, Tanmay, Kumar, Khandelwal, Aditi, and Choudhury, Monojit
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Ethical reasoning is a crucial skill for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, moral values are not universal, but rather influenced by language and culture. This paper explores how three prominent LLMs -- GPT-4, ChatGPT, and Llama2-70B-Chat -- perform ethical reasoning in different languages and if their moral judgement depend on the language in which they are prompted. We extend the study of ethical reasoning of LLMs by Rao et al. (2023) to a multilingual setup following their framework of probing LLMs with ethical dilemmas and policies from three branches of normative ethics: deontology, virtue, and consequentialism. We experiment with six languages: English, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Hindi, and Swahili. We find that GPT-4 is the most consistent and unbiased ethical reasoner across languages, while ChatGPT and Llama2-70B-Chat show significant moral value bias when we move to languages other than English. Interestingly, the nature of this bias significantly vary across languages for all LLMs, including GPT-4.
Published: 2024

127. Advancing a Consent-Forward Paradigm for Digital Mental Health Data

Author: Pendse, Sachin R., Stapleton, Logan, Kumar, Neha, De Choudhury, Munmun, and Chancellor, Stevie
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract: The field of digital mental health is advancing at a rapid pace. Passively collected data from user engagements with digital tools and services continue to contribute new insights into mental health and illness. As the field of digital mental health grows, a concerning norm has been established -- digital service users are given little say over how their data is collected, shared, or used to generate revenue for private companies. Given a long history of service user exclusion from data collection practices, we propose an alternative approach that is attentive to this history: the consent-forward paradigm. This paradigm embeds principles of affirmative consent in the design of digital mental health tools and services, strengthening trust through designing around individual choices and needs, and proactively protecting users from unexpected harm. In this perspective, we outline practical steps to implement this paradigm, toward ensuring that people searching for care have the safest experiences possible., Comment: 15 pages with 2 tables
Published: 2024

128. Determination of the CKM angle $\phi_{3}$ from a combination of Belle and Belle II results

Author: Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Said, S. Al, Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Belous, K., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Schwickardi, M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suwonjandee, N., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wach, B., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., and Zhukova, V. I.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report a determination of the CKM angle $\phi_{3}$, also known as $\gamma$, from a combination of measurements using samples of up to 711~fb$^{-1}$ from the Belle experiment and up to 362~fb$^{-1}$ from the Belle II experiment. We combine results from analyses of $B^+\to DK^+, B^+\to D\pi^+$, and $B^+ \to D^{*}K^+$ decays, where $D$ is an admixture of $D^0$ and $\overline{D}{}^{0}$ mesons, in a likelihood fit to obtain $\phi_{3} = (78.6^{+7.2}_{-7.3})^{\circ}$. We also briefly discuss the interpretation of this result., Comment: 31 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024

129. Probing the intergalactic medium during the Epoch of Reionization using 21-cm signal power spectra

Author: Ghara, Raghunath, Shaw, Abinash Kumar, Zaroubi, Saleem, Ciardi, Benedetta, Mellema, Garrelt, Koopmans, Léon V. E., Acharya, Anshuman, Choudhury, Madhurima, Giri, Sambit K., Iliev, Ilian T., Ma, Qing-Bo, and Mertens, Florent
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The redshifted 21-cm signal from the epoch of reionization (EoR) directly probes the ionization and thermal states of the intergalactic medium during that period. In particular, the distribution of the ionized regions around the radiating sources during EoR introduces scale-dependent features in the spherically-averaged EoR 21-cm signal power spectrum. The goal is to study these scale-dependent features at different stages of reionization using numerical simulations and build a source model-independent framework to probe the properties of the intergalactic medium using EoR 21-cm signal power spectrum measurements. Under the assumption of high spin temperature, we modelled the redshift evolution of the ratio of EoR 21-cm brightness temperature power spectrum and the corresponding density power spectrum using an ansatz consisting of a set of redshift and scale-independent parameters. This set of eight parameters probes the redshift evolution of the average ionization fraction and the quantities related to the morphology of the ionized regions. We have tested this ansatz on different reionization scenarios generated using different simulation algorithms and found that it is able to recover the redshift evolution of the average neutral fraction within an absolute deviation $\lesssim 0.1$. Our framework allows us to interpret 21-cm signal power spectra in terms of parameters related to the state of the IGM. This source model-independent framework can efficiently constrain reionization scenarios using multi-redshift power spectrum measurements with ongoing and future radio telescopes such as LOFAR, MWA, HERA, and SKA. This will add independent information regarding the EoR IGM properties., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2024
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130. Measurement of the branching fraction of the decay $B^- \to D^0 \rho(770)^-$ at Belle II

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Jiménez, I. Domínguez, Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dorner, D., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Leo, P., Lemettais, C., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, L. K., Li, S. X., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liptak, Z., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Mawas, F., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niiyama, M., Nishida, S., Novosel, A., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schnepf, M., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Ueda, I., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Werbycka, O., Wessel, C., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhou, X. Y., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We measure the branching fraction of the decay $B^- \to D^0 \rho(770)^-$ using data collected with the Belle II detector. The data contain 387 million $B\overline{B}$ pairs produced in $e^+e^-$ collisions at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance. We reconstruct $8360\pm 180$ decays from an analysis of the distributions of the $B^-$ energy and the $\rho(770)^-$ helicity angle. We determine the branching fraction to be $(0.939 \pm 0.021\mathrm{(stat)} \pm 0.050\mathrm{(syst)})\%$, in agreement with previous results. Our measurement improves the relative precision of the world average by more than a factor of two.
Published: 2024
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131. Prethermalization in aperiodically driven classical spin systems

Author: Kumar, Sajag and Choudhury, Sayan
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics
Abstract: Periodically driven classical many-body systems can host a rich zoo of prethermal dynamical phases. In this work, we extend the paradigm of classical prethermalization to aperiodically driven systems. We establish the existence of a long-lived prethermal regime in spin systems subjected to random multipolar drives (RMDs). We demonstrate that the thermalization time scales as $(1/T)^{2n+2}$, where $n$ is the multipolar order and $T$ is the intrinsic time-scale associated with the drive. In the $n \rightarrow \infty$ limit, the drive becomes quasi-periodic and the thermalization time becomes exponentially long ($\sim \exp(\beta/T)$). We further establish the robustness of prethermalization by demonstrating that these thermalization time scaling laws hold for a wide range of initial state energy densities. Intriguingly, the thermalization process in these classical systems is parametrically slower than their quantum counterparts, thereby highlighting important differences between classical and quantum prethermalization. Finally, we propose a protocol to harness this classical prethermalization to realize time rondeau crystals., Comment: Main Text (5 pages + 3 figures) + Supplementary Material (5 Pages + 7 figures)
Published: 2024

132. Search for Rare $b \to d\ell^+\ell^-$ Transitions at Belle

Author: Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Said, S. Al, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Belous, K., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bianchi, F., Bierwirth, L., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Borah, J., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dossett, D., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Grammatico, T., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Han, Y., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Leo, P., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Luo, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Ninkovic, J., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Otani, F., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Robertson, S. H., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Schwickardi, M., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the results of a search for the $b \to d\ell^+\ell^-$ flavor-changing neutral-current rare decays $B^{+, 0} \to (\eta, \omega, \pi^{+,0}, \rho^{+, 0}) e^+e^-$ and $B^{+, 0} \to (\eta, \omega, \pi^{0}, \rho^{+}) \mu^+\mu^-$ using a $711$ fb$^{-1}$ data sample that contains $772 \times 10^{6}$ $B\overline{B}$ events. The data were collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. We find no evidence for signal and set upper limits on branching fractions at the $90\%$ confidence level in the range $(3.8 - 47) \times 10^{-8}$ depending on the decay channel. The obtained limits are the world's best results. This is the first search for the channels $B^{+, 0} \to (\omega, \rho^{+,0}) e^+e^-$ and $B^{+, 0} \to (\omega, \rho^{+})\mu^+\mu^-$., Comment: 7 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2024
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133. Exact Floquet flat band and heating suppression via two-rate drive protocols

Author: Banerjee, Tista, Choudhury, Sayan, and Sengupta, K.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: We demonstrate the existence of exact Floquet flat bands implying strong violation of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in a large class of closed quantum many-body systems in the presence of a two-rate drive characterized by frequencies $\Omega_1$ and $\Omega_2=\nu \Omega_1$. We provide the exact analytic condition for this phenomenon to occur for a generic protocol; in particular, $\nu=(2p+1)$, where $p$ is an integer, leads to such flat bands for both square-pulse and cosine drive protocols for arbitrary $\Omega_1$. In the vicinity of these points, heating is suppressed up to very long timescales in such driven systems, leading to a prethermal regime; we demonstrate this by exact numerical studies of distribution and bandwidth of the Floquet eigenstates, spectral form factor, entanglement entropy, and correlation functions of an experimentally realizable finite driven Rydberg chain. The corresponding micromotion exhibits coherent reversal of excitations reminiscent of echoes. Our analysis constitutes a yet unexplored mechanism for heating suppression in driven closed quantum systems., Comment: v2: 4 pages, 3 figs + Supplementary Materials
Published: 2024

134. Measurement of the $e^+e^- \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ cross section in the energy range 0.62-3.50 GeV at Belle II

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., de Marino, G., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dey, S., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Hara, K., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaleta, M., Kalita, D., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Kang, S., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, J., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Leo, P., Levit, D., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Libby, J., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Mawas, F., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mohanty, G. B., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, K. R., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Niebuhr, C., Ninkovic, J., Nishida, S., Novosel, A., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Angioni, G. Pinna, Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiev, I., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Sato, Y., Scavino, B., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Tonelli, D., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Ueda, I., Uematsu, Y., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vitale, L., Wallner, S., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, C. Z., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Zhilich, V., Zhou, Q. D., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report a measurement of the $e^+e^- \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ cross section in the energy range from 0.62 to 3.50 GeV using an initial-state radiation technique. We use an $e^+e^-$ data sample corresponding to 191 $\text{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity, collected at a center-of-mass energy at or near the $\Upsilon{(4S)}$ resonance with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. Signal yields are extracted by fitting the two-photon mass distribution in $e^+e^- \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\gamma$ events, which involve a $\pi^0 \to \gamma\gamma$ decay and an energetic photon radiated from the initial state. Signal efficiency corrections with an accuracy of 1.6% are obtained from several control data samples. The uncertainty on the cross section at the $\omega$ and $\phi$ resonances is dominated by the systematic uncertainty of 2.2%. The resulting cross sections in the 0.62-1.80 GeV energy range yield $ a_\mu^{3\pi} = [48.91 \pm 0.23~(\mathrm{stat}) \pm 1.07~(\mathrm{syst})] \times 10^{-10} $ for the leading-order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. This result differs by $2.5$ standard deviations from the most precise current determination., Comment: 23 pages, 24 figures, submitted to PRD
Published: 2024

135. Boosted four-top production at the LHC : a window to Randall-Sundrum or extended color symmetry

Author: Choudhury, Debajyoti, Deka, Kuldeep, and Saini, Lalit Kumar
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: Scenarios seeking to address the issue of electroweak symmetry breaking often have heavy colored gauge bosons coupling preferentially to the top quark. Considering the bulk Randall-Sundrum as a typical example, we consider the prospects of the first Kaluza-Klein mode ($G^{(1)}$) of the gluon being produced at the LHC in association with a $t \bar{t}$ pair. The enhanced coupling not only dictates that the dominant decay mode would be to a $t \bar{t}$ pair, but also to a very large $G^{(1)}$ width, necessitating the use of a renormalised $G^{(1)}$ propagator. This, alongwith the presence of large backgrounds (specially $t \bar{t} j j$), renders a conventional cut-based analysis ineffective, yielding only marginal significances of only around 2$\sigma$. The use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques alleviates this problem to a great extent. In particular, the use of Artificial Neural Networks helps us identify the most discriminating observables, thereby allowing a significance in excess of 4$\sigma$ for $G^{(1)}$ masses of $\sim$ 4 TeV., Comment: 35 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2024

136. Modelling the star-formation activity and ionizing properties of high-redshift galaxies

Author: Chakraborty, Anirban and Choudhury, Tirthankar Roy
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Early results from the JWST observations have reported a surprisingly high number of UV-bright galaxies at $z \geq 10$, which appears to challenge the theoretical predictions from standard galaxy formation models in the $\Lambda$CDM framework at these redshifts. To alleviate this tension, several cosmological and astrophysical interpretations have been advanced. However, all of these proposed scenarios carry noteworthy consequences for other large-scale processes in the early Universe, particularly cosmic reionization, since high-redshift galaxies are believed to be the primary ionizing sources during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). To investigate this, we introduce a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution that explains the evolving galaxy UV luminosity function (UVLF) over $6 \lesssim z \lesssim 15$, and also jointly tracks the time evolution of the globally averaged neutral hydrogen fraction in the intergalactic medium. The model self-consistently accounts for the suppression of star formation in low-mass galaxies due to reionization feedback and is constrained by comparing the model predictions with various observational probes like the UVLF data from HST and JWST, recent measurements of the neutral hydrogen fraction, and the CMB scattering optical depth. Our analysis confirms that a rapid enhancement in the star-formation rate efficiency and/or UV luminosity per stellar mass formed is necessary for consistency with the JWST UVLF estimates at $z \geq 10$. We further find that it is possible to jointly satisfy the current reionization constraints when the escape fraction is assumed to be halo-mass dependent, requiring higher Lyman-continuum leakage from low-mass galaxies. We also examine the relative contribution of galaxies with different UV luminosities towards the ionizing photon budget for the EoR and investigate the large-scale bias of high-$z$ galaxies., Comment: 39 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP. v3: Matches the published version
Published: 2024
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137. $\mathbb{A}^1$-homotopy type of $\mathbb{A}^2 \setminus \left\{(0,0) \right\}$

Author: Choudhury, Utsav and Roy, Biman
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, 14F42, 19E15
Abstract: In this article we prove that any $\mathbb{A}^1$-connected smooth $k$-variety is $\mathbb{A}^1$-uniruled for any algebraically closed field $k$. We establish that if a non empty open subscheme $X$ of a smooth affine $k$-scheme is $\mathbb{A}^1$-weakly equivalent to $\mathbb{A}^2_{k} \setminus \left\{(0,0) \right\}$, then $X \cong \mathbb{A}^2_{k} \setminus \left\{(0,0) \right\}$ as $k$-varieties for any field $k$ of characteristic $0$.
Published: 2024

138. MICROSIM: A high performance phase-field solver based on CPU and GPU implementations

Author: Dutta, Tanmay, Mohan, Dasari, Shenoy, Saurav, Attar, Nasir, Kalokhe, Abhikshek, Sagar, Ajay, Bhure, Swapnil, Pradhan, Swaroop . S., Praharaj, Jitendriya, Mridha, Subham, Kushwaha, Anshika, Shah, Vaishali, Gururajan, M. P., Shenoi, V. Venkatesh, Phanikumar, Gandham, Bhattacharyya, Saswata, and Choudhury, Abhik
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Mathematical Physics
Abstract: The phase-field method has become a useful tool for the simulation of classical metallurgical phase transformations as well as other phenomena related to materials science. The thermodynamic consistency that forms the basis of these formulations lends to its strong predictive capabilities and utility. However, a strong impediment to the usage of the method for typical applied problems of industrial and academic relevance is the significant overhead with regard to the code development and know-how required for quantitative model formulations. In this paper, we report the development of an open-source phase-field software stack that contains generic formulations for the simulation of multi-phase and multi-component phase transformations. The solvers incorporate thermodynamic coupling that allows the realization of simulations with real alloys in scenarios directly relevant to the materials industry. Further, the solvers utilize parallelization strategies using either multiple CPUs or GPUs to provide cross-platform portability and usability on available supercomputing machines. Finally, the solver stack also contains a graphical user interface to gradually introduce the usage of the software. The user interface also provides a collection of post-processing tools that allow the estimation of useful metrics related to microstructural evolution.
Published: 2024

139. Angular analysis of $B \to K^* e^+ e^-$ in the low-$q^2$ region with new electron identification at Belle

Author: Belle Collaboration, Ferlewicz, D., Urquijo, P., Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aihara, H., Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Banerjee, Sw., Behera, P., Belous, K., Bennett, J., Bessner, M., Bhardwaj, V., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bodrov, D., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Das, S., Dash, N., de Marino, G., De Pietro, G., Dhamija, R., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dubey, S., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Ferber, T., Fulsom, B. G., Gaur, V., Garmash, A., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Graziani, E., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Hadjivasiliou, C., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hedges, M. T., Herrmann, D., Hou, W. -S., Hsu, C. -L., Iijima, T., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Kaliyar, A. B., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Konno, T., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kou, E., Kovalenko, E., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lee, S. C., Levit, D., Lewis, P., Li, L. K., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Liventsev, D., Ma, Y., Matvienko, D., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Pardi, S., Park, J., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sandilya, S., Savinov, V., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shiu, J. -G., Shwartz, B., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Sumihama, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Uchida, M., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Varvell, K. E., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Watanuki, S., Won, E., Yabsley, B. D., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, L., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhilich, V., and Zhukova, V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We perform an angular analysis of the $B\to K^* e^+ e^-$ decay for the dielectron mass squared, $q^2$, range of $0.0008$ to $1.1200 ~\text{GeV}^2 /c^4$ using the full Belle data set in the $K^{*0} \to K^+ \pi^-$ and $K^{*+} \to K_S^0 \pi^+$ channels, incorporating new methods of electron identification to improve the statistical power of the data set. This analysis is sensitive to contributions from right-handed currents from physics beyond the Standard Model by constraining the Wilson coefficients $\mathcal{C}_7^{(\prime)}$. We perform a fit to the $B\to K^* e^+ e^-$ differential decay rate and measure the imaginary component of the transversality amplitude to be $A_T^{\rm Im} = -1.27 \pm 0.52 \pm 0.12$, and the $K^*$ transverse asymmetry to be $A_T^{(2)} = 0.52 \pm 0.53 \pm 0.11$, with $F_L$ and $A_T^{\rm Re}$ fixed to the Standard Model values. The resulting constraints on the value of $\mathcal{C}_7^{\prime}$ are consistent with the Standard Model within a $2\sigma$ confidence interval., Comment: Accepted by PRD
Published: 2024

140. On Bootstrapping Lasso in Generalized Linear Models and the Cross Validation

Author: Choudhury, Mayukh and Das, Debraj
Subjects: Statistics - Methodology
Abstract: Generalized linear models or GLM constitutes an important set of models which generalizes the ordinary linear regression by connecting the response variable with the covariates through arbitrary link functions. On the other hand, Lasso is a popular and easy to implement penalization method in regression when all the covariates are not relevant. However, Lasso generally has non-tractable asymptotic distribution and hence development of an alternative method of distributional approximation is required for the purpose of statistical inference. In this paper, we develop a Bootstrap method which works as an approximation of the distribution of the Lasso estimator for all the sub-models of GLM. To connect the distributional approximation theory based on the proposed Bootstrap method with the practical implementation of Lasso, we explore the asymptotic properties of K-fold cross validation-based penalty parameter. The results established essentially justifies drawing valid statistical inference regarding the unknown parameters based on the proposed Bootstrap method for any sub model of GLM after selecting the penalty parameter using K-fold cross validation. Good finite sample properties are also shown through a moderately large simulation study. The method is also implemented on a real data set.
Published: 2024

141. Primordial Black Holes from Effective Field Theory of Stochastic Single Field Inflation at NNNLO

Author: Choudhury, Sayantan, Karde, Ahaskar, Padiyar, Pankaj, and Sami, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: We present a study of the Effective Field Theory (EFT) generalization of stochastic inflation in a model-independent single-field framework and its impact on primordial black hole (PBH) formation. We show how the Langevin equations for the "soft" modes in quasi de Sitter background is described by the Infra-Red (IR) contributions of scalar perturbations, and the subsequent Fokker-Planck equation driving the probability distribution for the stochastic duration ${\cal N}$, significantly modify in the present EFT picture. An explicit perturbative analysis of the distribution function by implementing the stochastic-$\delta N$ formalism is performed up to the next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (NNNLO) for both the classical-drift and quantum-diffusion dominated regimes. In the drift-dominated limit, we perturbatively analyse the local non-Gaussianity parameters $(f_{\rm NL}, g_{\rm NL}, \tau_{\rm NL})$ with the EFT-induced modifications. In the diffusion-dominated limit, we numerically compute the probability distribution featuring exponential tails at each order of perturbative treatment., Comment: 83 pages, 19 figures, 1 table, Comments are welcome, Reference list updated, New clarifications and discussions added, Updated version
Published: 2024

142. Proactive Route Planning for Electric Vehicles

Author: Nasehi, Saeed, Choudhury, Farhana, and Tanin, Egemen
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: Due to the limited driving range, inadequate charging facilities, and time-consuming recharging, the process of finding an optimal charging route for electric vehicles (EVs) differs from that of other vehicle types. The time and location of EV charging during a trip impact not only the individual EV's travel time but also the travel time of other EVs, due to the queuing that may arise at the charging station(s). This issue is at large seen as a significant constraint for uplifting EV sales in many countries. In this study, we present a novel Electric Vehicle Route Planning problem, which involves finding the fastest route with recharging for an EV routing request. We model the problem as a new graph problem and present that the problem is NP-hard. We propose a novel two-phase algorithm to traverse the graph to find the best possible charging route for each EV. We also introduce the notion of `influence factor' to propose heuristics to find the best possible route for an EV with the minimum travel time that avoids using charging stations and time to recharge at those stations which can lead to better travel time for other EVs. The results show that our method can decrease total travel time of the EVs by 50\% in comparison with the state-of-the-art on a real dataset, where the benefit of our approach is more significant as the number of EVs on the road increases.
Published: 2024

143. Large Language Models and User Trust: Consequence of Self-Referential Learning Loop and the Deskilling of Healthcare Professionals

Author: Choudhury, Avishek and Chaudhry, Zaria
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: This paper explores the evolving relationship between clinician trust in LLMs, the transformation of data sources from predominantly human-generated to AI-generated content, and the subsequent impact on the precision of LLMs and clinician competence. One of the primary concerns identified is the potential feedback loop that arises as LLMs become more reliant on their outputs for learning, which may lead to a degradation in output quality and a reduction in clinician skills due to decreased engagement with fundamental diagnostic processes. While theoretical at this stage, this feedback loop poses a significant challenge as the integration of LLMs in healthcare deepens, emphasizing the need for proactive dialogue and strategic measures to ensure the safe and effective use of LLM technology. A key takeaway from our investigation is the critical role of user expertise and the necessity for a discerning approach to trusting and validating LLM outputs. The paper highlights how expert users, particularly clinicians, can leverage LLMs to enhance productivity by offloading routine tasks while maintaining a critical oversight to identify and correct potential inaccuracies in AI-generated content. This balance of trust and skepticism is vital for ensuring that LLMs augment rather than undermine the quality of patient care. Moreover, we delve into the potential risks associated with LLMs' self-referential learning loops and the deskilling of healthcare professionals. The risk of LLMs operating within an echo chamber, where AI-generated content feeds into the learning algorithms, threatens the diversity and quality of the data pool, potentially entrenching biases and reducing the efficacy of LLMs., Comment: 1 figure
Published: 2024
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144. RID-TWIN: An end-to-end pipeline for automatic face de-identification in videos

Author: Mukherjee, Anirban, Choudhury, Monjoy Narayan, and Jayagopi, Dinesh Babu
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: Face de-identification in videos is a challenging task in the domain of computer vision, primarily used in privacy-preserving applications. Despite the considerable progress achieved through generative vision models, there remain multiple challenges in the latest approaches. They lack a comprehensive discussion and evaluation of aspects such as realism, temporal coherence, and preservation of non-identifiable features. In our work, we propose RID-Twin: a novel pipeline that leverages the state-of-the-art generative models, and decouples identity from motion to perform automatic face de-identification in videos. We investigate the task from a holistic point of view and discuss how our approach addresses the pertinent existing challenges in this domain. We evaluate the performance of our methodology on the widely employed VoxCeleb2 dataset, and also a custom dataset designed to accommodate the limitations of certain behavioral variations absent in the VoxCeleb2 dataset. We discuss the implications and advantages of our work and suggest directions for future research., Comment: This work has been submitted to IEEE ICIP 2024
Published: 2024

145. Large fluctuations in the Sky

Author: Choudhury, Sayantan
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: Renormalization of quantum loop effects generated from large fluctuations is a hugely debatable topic of research these days which rules out the Primordial Black Hole (PBH) formation within the framework of single-field inflation. In this article, we briefly discuss that the correct implementation of regularization, renormalization, and resummation techniques in a setup described by an ultra-slow-roll phase sandwiched between two slow-roll phases in the presence of smooth or sharp transitions can lead to a stringent constraint on the PBH mass (i.e. ${\cal O}(10^{2}{\rm gm}$)), which we advertise as a new No-go theorem. Finally, we will give some of the possible way-outs using which one can evade this proposed No-go theorem and produce solar/sub-solar mass PBHs., Comment: 15 pages (10 pages material + 5 pages references), Essay written and received honorable mention for the Gravity Research Foundation 2024 Awards for Essays on Gravitation, Comments are welcome, Accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D (for the special issue on Gravity Research Foundation 2024 Awards for Essays on Gravitation)
Published: 2024
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146. Towards $21$-cm intensity mapping at $z=2.28$ with uGMRT using the tapered gridded estimator -- IV. Wideband analysis

Author: Elahi, Khandakar Md Asif, Bharadwaj, Somnath, Pal, Srijita, Ghosh, Abhik, Ali, Sk. Saiyad, Choudhuri, Samir, Chakraborty, Arnab, Datta, Abhirup, Roy, Nirupam, Choudhury, Madhurima, and Dutta, Prasun
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a Wideband Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE), which incorporates baseline migration and variation of the primary beam pattern for neutral hydrogen (${\rm H\hspace{0.5mm}}{\scriptsize {\rm I}}$) 21-cm intensity mapping (IM) with large frequency bandwidth radio-interferometric observations. Here we have analysed $394-494 \, {\rm MHz}$ $(z = 1.9 - 2.6)$ uGMRT data to estimate the Multi-frequency Angular Power Spectrum (MAPS) $C_\ell(\Delta\nu)$ from which we have removed the foregrounds using the polynomial fitting (PF) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) methods developed in our earlier work. Using the residual $C_\ell(\Delta\nu)$ to estimate the mean squared 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuation $\Delta^2(k)$, we find that this is consistent with $0 \pm 2 \sigma$ in several $k$ bins. The resulting $2\sigma$ upper limit $\Delta^2(k) < (4.68)^2 \, \rm{mK^2}$ at $k=0.219\,\rm{Mpc^{-1}}$ is nearly $15$ times tighter than earlier limits obtained from a smaller bandwidth ($24.4 \, {\rm MHz}$) of the same data. The $2\sigma$ upper limit $[\Omega_{{\rm H\hspace{0.5mm}}{\scriptsize {\rm I}}} b_{{\rm H\hspace{0.5mm}}{\scriptsize {\rm I}}}] < 1.01 \times 10^{-2}$ is within an order of magnitude of the value expected from independent estimates of the ${\rm H\hspace{0.5mm}}{\scriptsize {\rm I}}$ mass density $\Omega_{{\rm H\hspace{0.5mm}}{\scriptsize {\rm I}}}$ and the ${\rm H\hspace{0.5mm}}{\scriptsize {\rm I}}$ bias $b_{{\rm H\hspace{0.5mm}}{\scriptsize {\rm I}}}$. The techniques used here can be applied to other telescopes and frequencies, including $\sim 150 \, {\rm MHz}$ Epoch of Reionization observations., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2024

147. Genealogies of records of stochastic processes with stationary increments as unimodular trees

Author: Baccelli, François and Choudhury, Bharath Roy
Subjects: Mathematics - Probability, 60G10, 60C05, 60J80, 05C80
Abstract: Consider a stationary sequence $X=(X_n)$ of integer-valued random variables with mean $m \in [-\infty, \infty]$. Let $S=(S_n)$ be the stochastic process with increments $X$ and such that $S_0=0$. For each time $i$, draw an edge from $(i,S_i)$ to $(j,S_j)$, where $j>i$ is the smallest integer such that $S_j \geq S_i$, if such a $j$ exists. This defines the record graph of $X$. It is shown that if $X$ is ergodic, then its record graph exhibits the following phase transitions when $m$ ranges from $-\infty$ to $\infty$. For $m<0$, the record graph has infinitely many connected components which are all finite trees. At $m=0$, it is either a one-ended tree or a two-ended tree. For $m>0$, it is a two-ended tree. The distribution of the component of $0$ in the record graph is analyzed when $X$ is an i.i.d. sequence of random variables whose common distribution is supported on $\{-1,0,1,\ldots\}$, making $S$ a skip-free to the left random walk. For this random walk, if $m<0$, then the component of $0$ is a unimodular typically re-rooted Galton-Watson Tree. If $m=0$, then the record graph rooted at $0$ is a one-ended unimodular random tree, specifically, it is a unimodular Eternal Galton-Watson Tree. If $m>0$, then the record graph rooted at $0$ is a unimodularised bi-variate Eternal Kesten Tree. A unimodular random directed tree is said to be record representable if it is the component of $0$ in the record graph of some stationary sequence. It is shown that every infinite unimodular ordered directed tree with a unique succession line is record representable. In particular, every one-ended unimodular ordered directed tree has a unique succession line and is thus record representable., Comment: Added a paragraph in Page 38 in the proof of Theorem 53, added Example 59 (Unimodular EFT with two succession lines) page 42
Published: 2024

148. Search for a pentaquark state decaying into $pJ/\psi$ in $\Upsilon(1,2S)$ inclusive decays at Belle

Author: Belle Collaboration, Dong, X., Zhang, H. Y., Wang, X. L., Adachi, I., Ahn, J. K., Aihara, H., Said, S. Al, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Ayad, R., Bahinipati, S., Banerjee, Sw., Bessner, M., Bhardwaj, V., Biswas, D., Bodrov, D., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Campajola, M., Červenkov, D., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheon, B. G., Cho, H. E., Cho, K., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., Das, S., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., Dhamija, R., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Graziani, E., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Hadjivasiliou, C., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hedges, M. T., Hou, W. -S., Hsu, C. -L., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Kalita, D., Kawasaki, T., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, R., Kumita, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lange, J. S., Levit, D., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Liventsev, D., Ma, Y., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Maurya, S. K., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Miyabayashi, K., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakano, T., Nakao, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Russo, G., Sandilya, S., Savinov, V., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Sevior, M. E., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shiu, J. -G., Singh, J. B., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Takizawa, M., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tiwary, R., Uchida, M., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Usov, Y., Vinokurova, A., Watanuki, S., Won, E., Yabsley, B. D., Yan, W., Yang, S. B., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, L., Yusa, Y., Zhang, Z. P., and Zhilich, V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Using the data samples of 102 million $\Upsilon(1S)$ and 158 million $\Upsilon(2S)$ events collected by the Belle detector, we search for a pentaquark state in the $pJ/\psi$ final state from $\Upsilon(1,2S)$ inclusive decays. Here, the charge-conjugate $\bar{p}J/\psi$ is included. We observe clear $pJ/\psi$ production in $\Upsilon(1,2S)$ decays and measure the branching fractions to be $\mathcal{B}[\Upsilon(1S) \to pJ/\psi + anything] = [4.27 \pm 0.16(stat.) \pm 0.20(syst.)] \times 10^{-5}$ and $\mathcal{B}[\Upsilon(2S) \to pJ/\psi + anything] = [3.59 \pm 0.14(stat.) \pm 0.16(syst.)] \times 10^{-5}$. We also measure the cross section of inclusive $pJ/\psi$ production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation to be $\sigma(e^+e^- \to pJ/\psi + anything) = [57.5 \pm 2.1 (stat.) \pm 2.5(syst.)]$~fb at $\sqrt{s} = 10.52~\hbox{GeV}$ using an 89.5~fb$^{-1}$ continuum data sample. There is no significant $P_c(4312)^+$, $P_c(4440)^+$ or $P_c(4457)^+$ signal found in the $pJ/\psi$ final states in $\Upsilon(1,2S)$ inclusive decays. We determine the upper limits of $\mathcal{B}[\Upsilon(1,2S)\to P_c^{+} + anything] \cdot \mathcal{B}(P_c^{+}\to pJ/\psi)$ to be at the $10^{-6}$ level.
Published: 2024

149. Towards Measuring and Modeling 'Culture' in LLMs: A Survey

Author: Adilazuarda, Muhammad Farid, Mukherjee, Sagnik, Lavania, Pradhyumna, Singh, Siddhant, Aji, Alham Fikri, O'Neill, Jacki, Modi, Ashutosh, and Choudhury, Monojit
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract: We present a survey of more than 90 recent papers that aim to study cultural representation and inclusion in large language models (LLMs). We observe that none of the studies explicitly define "culture, which is a complex, multifaceted concept; instead, they probe the models on some specially designed datasets which represent certain aspects of "culture". We call these aspects the proxies of culture, and organize them across two dimensions of demographic and semantic proxies. We also categorize the probing methods employed. Our analysis indicates that only certain aspects of ``culture,'' such as values and objectives, have been studied, leaving several other interesting and important facets, especially the multitude of semantic domains (Thompson et al., 2020) and aboutness (Hershcovich et al., 2022), unexplored. Two other crucial gaps are the lack of robustness of probing techniques and situated studies on the impact of cultural mis- and under-representation in LLM-based applications.
Published: 2024

150. Search for a $\mu^+\mu^-$ resonance in four-muon final states at Belle II

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Adamczyk, K., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Bilokin, S., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Corona, L., Cremaldi, L. M., Das, S., Dattola, F., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Nuccio, M., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dort, K., Dreyer, S., Dubey, S., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eliachevitch, M., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Ferlewicz, D., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Grammatico, T., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gu, T., Gudkova, K., Halder, S., Han, Y., Hara, T., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inguglia, G., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Karyan, G., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kindo, H., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Kraetzschmar, T. M. G., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, J., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lam, T., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Laurenza, M., Lautenbach, K., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Levit, D., Lewis, P. M., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Ma, Y., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Maity, S., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martel, L., Martellini, C., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matsuoka, K., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Metzner, F., Milesi, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Miyabayashi, K., Miyake, H., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mrvar, M., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Charan, A. Narimani, Naruki, M., Narwal, D., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Niebuhr, C., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Onishchuk, Y., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Oskin, P., Otani, F., Pakhlova, G., Panta, A., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. 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Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on a search for a resonance $X$ decaying to a pair of muons in $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^- X$ events in the 0.212-9.000 GeV/$c^{2}$ mass range, using 178 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the BelleII experiment at the SuperKEKB collider at a center of mass energy of 10.58 GeV. The analysis probes two different models of $X$ beyond the standard model: a $Z^{\prime}$ vector boson in the $L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}$ model and a muonphilic scalar. We observe no evidence for a signal and set exclusion limits at the 90$\%$ confidence level on the products of cross section and branching fraction for these processes, ranging from 0.046 fb to 0.97 fb for the $L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}$ model and from 0.055 fb to 1.3 fb for the muonphilic scalar model. For masses below 6 GeV/$c^{2}$, the corresponding constraints on the couplings of these processes to the standard model range from 0.0008 to 0.039 for the $L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}$ model and from 0.0018 to 0.040 for the muonphilic scalar model. These are the first constraints on the muonphilic scalar from a dedicated search.
Published: 2024
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