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Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a double-stranded DNA oncogenic virus. Several types of solid tumors, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, EBV-associated gastric carcinoma, and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung, have been linked to EBV infection. Currently, several TCR-T-cell therapies for EBV-associated tumors are in clinical trials, but due to the suppressive immune microenvironment of solid tumors, the clinical application of TCR-T-cell therapy for EBV-associated solid tumors is limited. Figuring out the mechanism by which EBV participates in the formation of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment will help T cells or TCR-T cells break through the limitation and exert stronger antitumor potential.Methods Flow cytometry was used for analyzing macrophage differentiation phenotypes induced by EBV-infected and EBV-uninfected tumors, as well as the function of T cells co-cultured with these macrophages. Xenograft model in mice was used to explore the effects of M2 macrophages, TCR-T cells, and matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP9) inhibitors on the growth of EBV-infected tumors.Results EBV-positive tumors exhibited an exhaustion profile of T cells, despite the presence of a large T-cell infiltration. EBV-infected tumors recruited a large number of mononuclear macrophages with CCL5 and induced CD163+M2 macrophages polarization through the secretion of CSF1 and the promotion of autocrine IL10 production by mononuclear macrophages. Massive secretion of MMP9 by this group of CD163+M2 macrophages induced by EBV infection was an important factor contributing to T-cell exhaustion and TCR-T-cell therapy resistance in EBV-positive tumors, and the use of MMP9 inhibitors improved the function of T cells cocultured with M2 macrophages. Finally, the combination of an MMP9 inhibitor with TCR-T cells targeting EBV-positive tumors significantly inhibited the growth of xenografts in mice.Conclusions MMP9 inhibitors improve TCR-T cell function suppressed by EBV-induced M2 macrophages. TCR-T-cell therapy combined with MMP9 inhibitors was an effective therapeutic strategy for EBV-positive solid tumors.

Abstract Objectives The proper procedure for inferior pulmonary ligament (IPL) during upper lobectomy remains a topic of debate. To address this matter, we carried out a trial comparing the clinical outcomes of IPL preservation versus IPL dissection during thoracoscopic upper lobectomy (TUL). Methods Patients undergoing thoracoscopic left/right upper lobectomy (TLUL/TRUL) were assigned to either the dissection group (Group D) or the preservation group (Group P). Our primary objective was to quantify and compare the alterations in postoperative residual bronchial angle and lung volume changes between the two groups. Our secondary objective encompassed the assessment of various other intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Results Following adherence to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we enrolled 100 patients (41 left and 59 right) in Group P and 108 patients (41 left and 67 right) in Group D for the study. Our findings revealed that in TLUL, Group P was able to reduce the degree of postoperative residual bronchial angle change (P 0.05) with regard to alterations in lung volume or the occurrence of postoperative complications—except for the duration of postoperative hospital stay (P

Dietary lipids provide energy for animals and can also be converted into other nutrients (such as non-essential amino acids), which play a role in saving protein. The Chinese stripe-necked turtle is a protected and endangered species that has been bred in captivity; however, basic data on lipid requirements remain unavailable. In this study, 360 Mauremys sinensis (body weight of 65.32 ± 0.15 g) were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates per group; the turtles were fed experimental diets supplemented with various levels of fish oil (i.e., 1% (control group, CG), 3.5% (HF-1), 6% (HF-2), 8.5% (HF-3), 11% (HF-4), and 13.5% (HF-5)) for 10 weeks. The results showed that compared with CG, increasing the fish oil level promoted the growth performance of turtles, and the HF-3 group achieved the best effect. The HF-4 group showed the highest increases in the hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index. In addition, increased lipid levels also increased the crude lipid content and reduced the crude protein content in muscle tissue. Oil red O staining showed that the liver lipid content increased with the level of supplemented fish oil, which is consistent with the results of the hepatosomatic index. Compared with CG, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly in both the liver and serum when fish oil levels exceeded 8.5% (p < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly. Aspartate transaminase and cerealthirdtransaminase levels in serum increased significantly when fish oil levels exceeded 8.5% (p < 0.05). Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, SOD, T-AOC, and CAT) and MDA showed similar results, indicating that high fish oil levels (8.5–13.5%) caused liver tissue damage in M. sinensis. Increased fish oil levels significantly upregulated the expression levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-10, and IL-12) (p < 0.05), downregulated the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (cat, mn-sod, and gsh-px), and increased apoptosis of liver cells. Supplementation of the diet with 3.5–6% fish oil improved the growth performance of M. sinensis, and the turtles maintained a beneficial immune status. The results provide a scientific basis for optimizing the commercial feed formula of M. sinensis.

The Xiaoxinganling Mountains–Sanjiang Plain region represents a crucial ecological security barrier for the Northeast China Plain and serves as a vital region for national grain production. Over the past two decades, the region has undergone numerous ecological restoration projects. Nevertheless, the combined impact of enhanced vegetation greening and global climate change on the regional hydrological cycle remains inadequately understood. This study employed the distributed hydrological model ESSI-3, reanalysis datasets, and multi-source satellite remote sensing data to quantitatively evaluate the influences of climate change and vegetation dynamics on regional hydrological processes. The study period spans from 2000 to 2020, during which there were significant increases in regional precipitation and leaf area index (p < 0.05). The hydrological simulation results exhibited strong agreement with observed river discharge, evapotranspiration, and terrestrial water storage anomalies, thereby affirming the ESSI-3 model’s reliability in hydrological change assessment. By employing both a constant scenario that solely considered climate change and a dynamic scenario that integrated vegetation dynamics, the findings reveal that: (1) Regionally, climate change driven by increased precipitation significantly augmented runoff fluxes (0.4 mm/year) and water storage components (2.57 mm/year), while evapotranspiration trends downward, attributed primarily to reductions in solar radiation and wind speed; (2) Vegetation greening reversed the decreasing trend in evapotranspiration to an increasing trend, thus exerting a negative impact on runoff and water storage. However, long-term simulations demonstrated that regional runoff fluxes (0.38 mm/year) and water storage components (2.21 mm/year) continue to increase, mainly due to precipitation increments surpassing those of evapotranspiration; (3) Spatially, vegetation greening altered the surface soil moisture content trend in the eastern forested areas from an increase to a decrease. These findings suggested that sub-regional ecological restoration initiatives, such as afforestation, significantly influence the hydrological cycle, especially in areas with higher vegetation greening. Nevertheless, persistent increases in precipitation could effectively mitigate the moisture deficits induced by vegetation greening. The study’s outcomes provide a basis for alleviating concerns regarding potential water consumption risks associated with future ecological restoration and extensive vegetation greening projects, thereby offering scientific guidance for sustainable water resource management.

The “Qixiadaxiangshui” pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.1) is a highly valued cultivar known for its crisp texture, abundant juice, and rich aroma. In this study, we reported the first complete chloroplast genome sequence of the “Qixiadaxiangshui” pear, which is 159,885 bp in length with a GC content of 36.58%. The genome exhibits a typical circular quadripartite structure, comprising a large single-copy region (LSC), a small single-copy region (SSC), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs). A total of 131 genes were identified, including 84 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. We also identified 209 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and several mutation hotspots, such as ndhC-trnM-CAU and trnR-UCU-atpA, which can be applied in molecular identification and phylogenetic studies of Pyrus. Comparative genomic analysis showed high conservation among ten pear cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the “Qixiadaxiangshui” pear is closely related to germplasm Dangshansuli, Wonwhang, and Yali, suggesting a recent common ancestor. These findings provided valuable insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of the Pyrus species and contribute to the conservation and breeding of pear germplasm resources.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the application of spectral chest CT optimal monochromatic imaging combined with ASIR and ASIR-V to optimize the image quality in the arterial phase. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 62 patients who had undergone contrast-enhanced chest CT examination using spectral CT were included. Twelve sets of arterial phase images were acquired using GSI mode. The CNR, BHA values and subjective scores were statistically analysed. Thus, optimal monochromatic images were obtained. Then, the images were acquired by reconstruction using ASIR and ASIR-V at 30%, 50% and 70% levels. Six sets of images were obtained and compared with QC and the monochromatic image under FBP mode. RESULTS: In FBP mode, the CNR of 80-keV images was 7.7±2.0, showing no significant difference with QC images (p > 0.05). The BHA value in the blood vessels was 45.2±23.1, which was lower than that in QC images (p < 0.05). The subjective image quality score of 80-keV images was 4.50±0.62. No significant difference was found in QC images (p > 0.05). The subjective score of the artefacts was 2.45±0.62, which was lower than that of QC images (p < 0.05). Thus, 80 keV was chosen as the optimal monochromatic energy to be reconstructed with ASIR and ASIR-V. The CNR of the 80keV+50% ASIR-V group was 13.9±4.3, which was higher than those of 140-kVp and 80-keV images in FBP (p < 0.05). The subjective score was 4.90±0.298, which was higher than that of other groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional chest CT images in the arterial phase, 80keV+50% ASIR-V images can effectively eliminate beam-hardening artefacts and improve image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relationships between hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, HBV RNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and to evaluate their predictive value for mother‐to‐child transmission of HBV. Design: An observational cohort study. Setting: First Hospital of Jilin University. Population: HBsAg‐positive and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) ‐positive pregnant women were recruited. Methods: Blood samples were collected from mothers before delivery, and HBV infection of infants was evaluated at 7 months of age. Results: Overall, 268 mothers and 271 infants were enrolled. HBV DNA and HBsAg levels were correlated (rs = 0.699; P < 0.001), and HBV DNA (rs = 0.500; P < 0.001) and HBsAg (rs = 0.372; P < 0.001) were both correlated with HBV RNA. The areas under the curve for HBV DNA, HBsAg and HBV RNA for prediction of infection were 0.69 (95% CI 0.57–0.82), 0.63 (95% CI 0.51–0.76) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.52–0.78), respectively. Higher HBV DNA (odds ratio [OR] 4.77, 95% CI 1.44–15.86), higher HBsAg (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.12–15.25) and higher HBV RNA (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.09–9.32) were risk factors for HBV infection. Analysis of the HBV DNA‐RNA‐HBsAg Score revealed that it was an independent predictive factor for mother‐to‐child transmission (the OR of Score 3 was 8.81, 95% CI 2.79–27.82). Conclusion: HBV DNA, HBV RNA and HBsAg were correlated in HBeAg‐positive pregnant women. HBsAg could be considered as a substitute marker of HBV DNA for HBeAg‐positive pregnant women in low‐income regions. We should pay special attention to pregnant women with high levels of all three markers. HBsAg could be considered as a substitute marker of HBV DNA for HBeAg‐positive pregnant women in low‐income regions. Special attention should be given to pregnant women with high levels of all three markers (HBV DNA, HBV RNA and HBsAg). HBsAg could be considered as a substitute marker of HBV DNA for HBeAg‐positive pregnant women in low‐income regions. Special attention should be given to pregnant women with high levels of all three markers (HBV DNA, HBV RNA and HBsAg). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the impact of digital supply chains and smart technology on the operational performance of the manufacturing industry. Due to the lack of knowledge and guidance in this area, the adoption of smart technology throughout the supply chain is limited, leading to poor operational performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate how smart technology and digital supply chain transformation can improve operational performance. To test hypotheses and accomplish study goals, the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory was combined with a quantitative research strategy. The study population of companies was obtained from a manufacturing directory, and a minimum sample size of 107 companies was determined using G*Power. Additionally, 600 online surveys were sent to the manufacturing companies, resulting in a response rate of 17.83%. Data analysis was conducted using Smart-PLS 4.0 software, and eight of the 10 hypotheses were supported. The findings showed that smart technologies completely mediate the link between digital transformation and relationship performance, emphasizing the need for manufacturing organizations to focus on incorporating smart technology into their supply chain to enhance operational performance. The study concludes by presenting theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and recommendations.

Background: The immune response associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is an emerging but relatively unexplored topic. The aim of this study was to investigate immune cell infiltration in periprosthetic tissues and identify potential immune-related biomarkers. Methods: The GSE7103 dataset from the GEO database was selected as the data source. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and significant modular genes in weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were identified. Functional enrichment analysis and transcription factor prediction were performed on the overlapping genes. Next, immune-related genes from the ImmPort database were matched. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed to identify hub genes. CIBERSORTx was used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration pattern. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between hub genes and immune cells. Results: A total of 667 DEGs were identified between PJI and control samples, and 1847 PJI-related module genes were obtained in WGCNA. Enrichment analysis revealed that the common genes were mainly enriched in immune and host defense-related terms. TFEC, SPI1, and TWIST2 were the top three transcription factors. Three hub genes, SDC1, MMP9, and IGF1, were identified in the immune-related PPI network. Higher levels of plasma cells, CD4+ memory resting T cells, follicular helper T cells, resting mast cells, and neutrophils were found in the PJI group, while levels of M0 macrophages were lower. Notably, the expression of all three hub genes correlated with the infiltration levels of seven types of immune cells. Conclusion: The present study revealed immune infiltration signatures in the periprosthetic tissues of PJI patients. SDC1, MMP9, and IGF1 were potential immune-related biomarkers for PJI.

A virtual synchronous generator (VSG) strategy can introduce the rotational inertia and damping characteristics of the synchronous generator to the static inverter, e.g., PV, wind generation, and ESS, which are used to enhance the system frequency support characteristics of the micro-grid. However, under various operations of the VSG, the inertia and damping support capabilities are different, and the conventional VSG strategy with a fixed control coefficient sacrifices a certain degree of dynamic regulation performance with less robustness. This research proposes an improved VSG strategy with adaptive inertia and damping coefficients to increase the flexibility of VSG. To this end, a mathematical model is first established to analyze the impact of various parameters on the characteristics of VSG, and then the root trajectory is used to explore the impacts of various rotational inertia and damping coefficients on the stability of the VSG system. Second, an improved control strategy with adaptive inertia and damping coefficients is proposed based on the characteristics of the second-order system and the system frequency deviations. Finally, a simulation system with the VSG is constructed based on MATLAB/Simulink. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by comparing the simulation results to the conventional control strategy with the fixed control coefficients under over-frequency and under-frequency disturbances.

This article explores how digital technologies such as big data and cloud computing promote college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship, especially the impact of innovation and entrepreneurship training programs on college students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The article adopts big data analysis techniques to screen variables, set research hypotheses, and use partial least squares regression to quantitatively analyze the correlation between university innovativeness and training programs. It was found that the number of university intellectual property rights was significantly associated with the objectives of the training program, with a regression coefficient of 0.069. Further, the article pointed out that most students believed that the regulation of the research segment was the weakest. Therefore, the article suggests improving the training program supervision system, significantly strengthening the supervision of the research session, and also explores the correlation between academic professional factors and faculty guidance.

This paper divides the Course on the Ideological and Political Dimension into four dimensions based on data mining technology and establishes a four-dimensional classroom teaching system. By analyzing the main algorithms of data mining, cluster analysis is selected as the main method to divide the Ideological and Political Science dimensions among the three main types of algorithm analysis. The expectation maximization algorithm in the clustering algorithm is used to introduce the approximate values of each dimension parameter. The unknown categories corresponding to the dimensions were calculated using the EM algorithm, which combined with Jensen’s inequality to turn the random variables in the set into constants to ensure that the samples of the same category have high similarity. The results show that the percentage of integration of the school’s Civic content with the profession is low, only 0.1, and the ideal figure should be 0.4.

Research describing the crystallization and characterization of phenyl-based neutral radicals is presented. The paper shows that their conductivity rises on dimerization along with a change from paramagnetic to diamagnetic form.

The article actualizes the problem of forming artistic and analytical skills of future Musical Art teachers by means of musical-performing interpretation and proves that the process of training a competent specialist in the field of music education is impossible without developing students’ artistic and analytical skills. On the other hand, the article substantiates the opinion about the significance of artistic and analytical skills as an indispensable factor in the processes of modeling musical-performing interpretation. On the basis of the theoretical analysis of scientific sources, it has been revealed that objectively there are contradictions of scientific and pedagogical nature – between the development of theoretical foundations of artistic interpretation in the field of musicology and musical performance and the lack of scientific research revealing the pedagogical aspects of this problem in the context of artistic and analytical skills formation. The specificity of musical-performing interpretation has been revealed, which is determined by its integrative nature, which is expressed by the unity of artistic and analytical skills of the performer. The authors have proposed their own definition of musical-performing interpretation as a creative and analytical activity of a musician to create the author’s performing interpretation of cultural meanings contained in a musical work. The content and component structure of future Musical Art teachers’ artistic and analytical skills are disclosed. It is proved that the process of formation of artistic and analytical skills during the musical-performing interpretation of the future Musical Art teacher has a systematic complex construction, where at the first stage artistic and analytical skills related to the theoretical-semantic component are formed, at the second stage – the artistic and analytical skills of the methodological-pedagogical component are involved, and at the final stage – the artistic-interpretive component was formed. The study has established that all components of artistic and analytical skills include the integrated formation of intellectual and emotional support, and all components of the intelligence and emotional sphere of the future Musical Art teacher become components of musical-performing interpretation.

Abstract Requirements management (RM) plays an important role in requirements engineering. The development of machine learning (ML) is in full swing, and many ML software management techniques had been used to improve the performance of RM methods. However, as no research study is known that exists systematically to summarise the ML methods used in RM. To fill this gap, this paper adopts the systematic mapping study to survey the state‐of‐the‐art ML methods for RM primary studies and were finally selected in this mapping, which was published on 36 conferences and journals. The 24 factors affecting the ML method of RM are determined, of which 9, 11 and 4 are the three parts of RM, namely requirements baseline maintenance, requirements traceability and requirements change management separately. The 18 objectives of the ML method for RM are summarised, of which 6, 7 and 5 are the three parts of RM. The eight ML methods used in RM and their time sequence are summarised. The 18 evaluation indexes for RM in the ML method are determined, and the performance of these methods on these parameters is analysed. The research direction of this paper is of great significance to the research of researchers in demand management.

AIM: To compare the accuracy between Wang-Koch axial length adjustment formulas(SRK/TWK, Holladay ⅠWK)and SRK/T, Haigis, Holladay Ⅰ, Hoffer Q in calculating intraocular lens power of cataract patients with high myopia.METHODS: A total of 42 cataract patients with high myopia(57 eyes)were collected. All eyes underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation surgery in our Hospital from September 2019 to March 2022. They were divided into two groups according to the axial length(AL): group A(27mm≤AL0.05). MAE were statistically different among the formulas in group A(27mm≤AL0.05). In group B(AL≥30mm), the MAE of each formulas was statistically different after surgery(P

Research is presented describing the preparation, crystallization, and solid-state characterization, of a spiro-biphenalenyl radical which is monomeric in the solid state. Curie behaviour (1 spin per molecule) occurs throughout a 10-400 Kelvin temperature range.